Satyam Computer Services Limited
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 6-K
Report of Foreign Private Issuer
Pursuant to Rule 13a-16 or 15d-16 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
For the quarter ended June 30, 2008
Commission File Number 001-15190
Satyam Computer Services Limited
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
Not Applicable
(Translation of Registrants name into English)
Satyam Infocity
Unit 12, Plot No. 35/36
Hi-tech City layout, Survey No. 64, Madhapur
Hyderabad 500 081
Andhra Pradesh, India
(91) 40 3063 6363
(Address of principal executive offices)
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant files or will file annual reports under cover of Form 20-F or Form 40-F.
Form 20-F þ Form 40-F o
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is submitting the Form 6-K in paper as permitted by Regulation S-T Rule 101(b)(1): o
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is submitting the Form 6-K in paper as permitted by Regulation S-T Rule 101(b)(7): o
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant by furnishing the information contained in this Form is also thereby furnishing
the information to the Commission pursuant to Rule 12g3-2(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
Yes o No þ
If
Yes is marked, indicate below the file number assigned to
Registrant in connection with Rule 12g3-2(b) : Not applicable.
The Company is incorporating by reference, the information and exhibits set forth in this Form 6-K into its registration statement
on Form S-8
(Registration No. 333-13772 and Registration No. 333-139949).
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Currency of Presentation and Certain Defined Terms |
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS MAY PROVE INACCURATE |
PART I FINANCIAL INFORMATION |
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Financial Statements |
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Operating and Financial Review and Prospects |
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Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure about Market Risk |
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Controls and Procedures |
PART II OTHER INFORMATION |
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Legal Proceedings |
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Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds |
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Default Upon Senior Securities |
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Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders |
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Other Information |
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Exhibits and Reports |
SIGNATURE |
EX-99.1 Press Release of the Company, dated July 18, 2008, concerning financial results |
EX-99.2 Summary of Financial Results of the Company, dated July 18, 2008. |
EX-99.3 Investor Link News Update of the Company dated July 18, 2008. |
EX-99.4 Unconsolidated/standalone financial statements for the quarter ended June 30, 2008 as per Indian GAAP (audited). |
EX-99.5 Consolidated financial statements for the quater ended June 30, 2008 as per Indian GAAP (unaudited). |
EX-99.6 Consolidated financial statements for the quarter ended June 30, 2008 as per IFRS (unaudited). |
EX-99.7 Consolidated financial statements for the quarter ended June 30, 2008 as per US GAAP (unaudited). |
2
Currency of Presentation and Certain Defined Terms
Unless otherwise stated in this Quarterly Report or unless the context otherwise requires,
references in this Quarterly Report to we, our, us, Satyam, Satyam Computer Services and
our company are to Satyam Computer Services Limited and its consolidated subsidiaries and other
consolidated entities.
In this Quarterly Report, references to US or the United States are to the United States of
America, its territories and its possessions. References to India are to the Republic of India.
References to $, Dollars or U.S. dollars are to the legal currency of the United States, and
references to Rs., rupees or Indian rupees are to the legal currency of India. References to
a particular fiscal year are to our fiscal year ended or ending March 31 of such year.
For your convenience, this Quarterly Report contains translations of some Indian rupee amounts into
U.S. dollars which should not be construed as a representation that those Indian rupee or U.S.
dollar amounts could have been, or could be, converted into U.S. dollars or Indian rupees, as the
case may be, at any particular rate, the rate stated below, or at all.
Except as otherwise stated in this Quarterly Report, all translations from Indian rupees to U.S.
dollars contained in this Quarterly Report have been based on the noon buying rate in the City of
New York on June 30, 2008 for cable transfers in Indian rupees as certified for customs purposes by
the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. The noon buying rate on June 30, 2008 was Rs.42.93 per $1.00.
Information contained in our websites, including our corporate website, www.satyam.com, is not part
of this Quarterly Report. The data regarding Satyam as of and for the year ended March 31, 2008 and
as of and for the three months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007 included in this Quarterly Report is
unaudited.
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS MAY PROVE INACCURATE
We have included statements in this Quarterly Report which contain words or phrases such as may,
will, will likely result, believe, expect, will continue, anticipate, estimate,
intend, plan, contemplate, seek to, future, objective, goal, project, should and
similar expressions or variations of such expressions, that are forward-looking statements.
Actual results may differ materially from those suggested by the forward-looking statements due to
risks or uncertainties associated with our expectations with respect to, but not limited to, our
ability to implement our strategy and our growth and expansion.
In addition to historical information, this Quarterly Report contains forward-looking statements
within the meaning of section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended and section 21E of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. The forward-looking statements contained herein are
subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those
reflected in the forward-looking statements. Factors that might cause such a difference include,
but are not limited to, those discussed in the section entitled Item 2. Operating and Financial
Review and Prospects Risk Factors and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report. You are cautioned not
to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which reflect managements analysis
only as of the date of this Quarterly Report. In addition, you should carefully review the other
information in this Quarterly Report and in our periodic reports and other documents filed with the
United States Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, from time to time. Our filings with the
SEC are available on its website, www.sec.gov.
In addition, other factors that could cause results to differ materially from those estimated by
the forward-looking statements contained in this document include, but are not limited to, general
economic and political conditions in India, Southeast Asia and other countries which have an impact
on our business activities, changes in Indian and foreign laws, regulations and taxes, changes in
competition and other factors beyond our control, including the factors described in this Risk
Factors section.
We are not required to update any of the forward-looking statements after the date of this
Quarterly Report to conform such statements to actual results or to reflect events or circumstances
that occur after the date the statement is made or to account for unanticipated events.
3
PART I FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
Please see Exhibit 99.7 under Item 6 of this Form 6-K for our unaudited U.S. GAAP consolidated
financial statements for the three months ended June 30, 2008.
Item 2. Operating and financial review and prospects
The following discussion of the financial condition and results of operations of our company should
be read in conjunction with the financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in
this document. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and
uncertainties. For additional information regarding these risks and uncertainties, please see Risk
Factors.
Overview
We are a global information technology (IT) solutions provider, offering a comprehensive range of
IT services to our customers, including application development and maintenance services,
consulting and enterprise business solutions extended engineering solutions, infrastructure
management services. We also offer business process outsourcing or BPO services through our
wholly-owned subsidiary, Satyam BPO Limited (formerly known as Nipuna Services Limited) or Satyam
BPO. We are the fourth largest Indian IT services company, based on the amount of export revenues
generated during our fiscal year ended March 31, 2008. Our total revenues for fiscal 2008 were
$2,138.1 million and over the past three fiscal years our revenues have grown at a compound annual
growth rate of 39.1%.
During fiscal 2006, we acquired 75% interest in Citisoft Plc, or Citisoft, and 100% interest in
Knowledge Dynamics Pte Ltd. and during fiscal 2007, we acquired the remaining 25% interest in
Citisoft making it a wholly-owned subsidiary of Satyam.
On November 20, 2006, a Share Purchase, Redemption and Amendment Agreement (SPRA Agreement) was
entered into between Satyam, the investors and Satyam BPO. Out of the total preference shares, 50%
of the preference shares ($10 million) were to be redeemed for $13.6 million at the target date on
May 21, 2007 and the balance 50% were to get converted into equity shares of Satyam BPO based on
the terms of the then existing subscription agreement. Since 50% of the preference shares were
mandatorily redeemable, Satyam Computer Services has reclassified it as a current liability
measured at fair value and accrued redemption premium amounting to $3.6 million up to March 31,
2007. These 50% preference shares were redeemed in August 2007 for $13.8 million.
The investors gave Satyam BPO a notice of conversion of preference shares and in January 2007
preference shares amounting to $10.0 million have been converted into 6,422,267 equity shares of
Satyam BPO. Due to the issue of shares by Satyam BPO, Satyam Computer Services ownership interest
in Satyam BPO was reduced from 100.0% as at March 31, 2006 to 74.0% as at March 31, 2007. The
shares issued to the investors are at amounts per share higher than Satyam Computer Services
average cost per share. With respect to this transaction, the resulting gain of $7.9 million, net
of taxes during the year ended March 31, 2007 has been recorded as an increase in additional paid
in capital. Since the losses applicable to the minority interest in Satyam BPO exceeded the
minority interest in the equity capital of Satyam BPO, such excess and further losses have been
charged in Satyams consolidated statement of income.
During fiscal 2008, in accordance with the Share Purchase, Redemption and Amendment Agreement
(SPRA Agreement), we acquired 26% equity shares of Satyam BPO from the Investors for a
consideration of $46.5 million. Further during fiscal 2008, Satyam BPO issued 358,952 equity
shares to its employees which were acquired by us at the fair value of $7.2 per share. Pursuant to
the above transactions our ownership interest in Satyam BPO increased to 100.0% as at March 31,
2008 from 74.0% as at March 31, 2007.
During fiscal 2008, we acquired 100% of the shares of Nitor Global Solutions Ltd, United Kingdom
(Nitor), a company specialized in the Infrastructure Management Services (IMS) space. The total
consideration for this acquisition was $5.6 million comprising of initial consideration of $3.0
million which was paid on January 04, 2008 and a performance-based payment of up to $2.6 million
over two years conditional upon specified revenue and profit targets being met. The results of Nitors
operations have been consolidated from the consummation date of January 04, 2008.
On April 04, 2008, we acquired 100% of the shares of Bridge Strategy Group LLC, (Bridge) a
Chicago based strategy and general management consulting firm for a total consideration of $35.0
million comprising of initial consideration, deferred consideration (non contingent) and a
contingent consideration. The initial consideration of $19.0 million was paid on April 04, 2008 and
the deferred consideration has been recognized as a liability.
4
On April 21, 2008, we announced our intention of acquiring S&V Management Consultants (S&V) a
Belgium based SCM Strategy consulting firm for a total consideration of $35.5 million comprising of
an up-front, deferred guaranteed and deferred retention payments. The transaction is not
consummated as at June 30, 2008.
On April 21, 2008, we also announced our intention of acquiring the remaining 50% equity held
by Computer Associates Inc (CA Inc) in its joint venture, CA Satyam ASP Pvt. Ltd. (CA Satyam)
with us for a total consideration of $1.5 million payable in two tranches. The transaction is not
consummated as at June 30, 2008.
On April 21, 2008, we announced our intention to acquire the Market Research and Customer Analytics
(MR&CA) business unit from Caterpillar Inc., USA (CAT) including the related Intellectual Property
which consists of software, processes and know-how. The proposed acquisition is for a consideration
of $60.0 million comprising of initial and deferred consideration. The transaction is not
consummated as at June 30, 2008.
We believe customers are increasingly demanding full-service IT providers that have expertise in
both existing systems and new technologies, access to a large pool of highly-skilled technical
personnel and the ability to serve customers globally at competitive rates. To meet these
requirements, we offer our customers an integrated global delivery model, which we refer to as the
Right Sourcing Model, to provide flexible delivery alternatives to our customers through our
offshore centers located in India, offsite centers which we have established in our major markets,
nearshore centers located geographically near our customers premises and through our onsite teams
operating at our customers premises. In addition, we use the expertise resident in our focused
industry groups to provide specialized services and solutions to our customers in the
manufacturing, banking and financial services, insurance, TIMES, healthcare, retail and
transportation industries.
Our revenues and profitability have grown significantly in recent years. Our total revenues
increased by 40.9% to $637.3 million during three months period ended June 30, 2008 as compared to
$452.3 million during the three months ended June 30, 2007. Our net income increased by 36.0% to
$126.6 million during the three months period ended June30, 2008 from $93.1 million during the
three months ended June 30, 2007. Our revenue and profitability growth is attributable to a number
of factors related to the expansion of our business, including increase in the volume of projects
completed for our widening customer base, increase in our associate numbers, increased growth in
our consulting and enterprise business solutions business and a strengthening of our customer base
in United States and Europe. Our growth has continued despite increasing pressure for higher wages
for our associates coupled with pressure for lower prices for our customers. In the three months
ended June 30, 2008 and fiscal 2008 our five largest customers accounted for 18.6%, and 19.3%
respectively, of our total revenues. With our continuing geographical expansion we now have
offshore facilities in India and facilities located overseas including Australia, Canada, China,
Hungary, Japan, Malaysia, Singapore, the United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom and the United
States. We also have sales and marketing offices located in Brazil, Canada, Germany, Italy, the
Netherlands, Saudi Arabia, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States and sales and
marketing offices in the rest of the world.
In accordance with SFAS 131 No., Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and Related
Information, the operating segments reported below are the segments of Satyam for which separate
financial information is available and for which operating profit/loss amounts are evaluated
regularly by executive management in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing
performance. Management evaluates performance based on stand-alone revenues and net income for the
companies in Satyam. The executive management evaluates Satyams operating segments based on the following two business
groups:
IT services: We provide a comprehensive range of IT services, including application development
and maintenance, consulting and enterprise business solutions, extended engineering solutions and
infrastructure management services. We seek to be the single service provider capable of serving
all of our customers IT requirements. Our consulting and enterprise business solutions includes
services in the area of enterprise resource planning, customer relationship management and supply
chain management, data warehousing and business intelligence, knowledge management, document
management and enterprise application integration. We also assist our customers in making their
existing computing systems accessible over the Internet. The IT segment information also includes
the results of Citisoft and Knowledge Dynamics Pte Ltd, Singapore, or Knowledge Dynamics, which
were acquired during 2005, Nitor acquired during fiscal 2008 and
Bridge which was acquired on April 04, 2008.
BPO: We provide outsourced BPO services in areas such as human resources, finance and accounting,
customer care (such as voice, email and chat) besides also providing industry-specific transaction
processing services. We target our BPO services at the insurance, healthcare, banking and financial
services, transportation, tourism, manufacturing, automotive, telecommunications, media, utilities
and retail industries. Revenues from this business segment currently do not constitute a
significant proportion of our
5
total revenues; however, we anticipate that this proportion will
increase over time. Our BPO services are offered through our wholly-owned subsidiary, Satyam BPO.
Revenues
We generate revenues through fees for professional services rendered in our two segments, namely,
IT services and BPO services.
The following table sets forth the total revenues (excluding inter-segment revenues) for the three
months ended June 2008 and 2007:
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three months ended June 30, |
|
|
|
2008 |
|
|
2007 |
|
|
|
(unaudited) |
|
|
(unaudited) |
|
Segment |
|
Amount |
|
|
% |
|
|
Amount |
|
|
% |
|
|
|
(in millions, except percentages) |
|
IT services |
|
$ |
630.3 |
|
|
|
98.9 |
% |
|
$ |
443.8 |
|
|
|
98.1 |
% |
BPO |
|
|
7.0 |
|
|
|
1.1 |
% |
|
|
8.5 |
|
|
|
1.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
$ |
637.3 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
% |
|
$ |
452.3 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
We discuss below the components of our IT services revenues by technology type, contract type,
offshore or onshore designation, top customers and customer geography:
Revenues by technology
The vast majority of our revenues are generated from our various IT service offerings. The
following table presents our IT services revenues (excluding inter-segment revenues) by type of
service offering for the periods indicated:
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three months ended June 30, |
|
|
|
2008 |
|
|
2007 |
|
|
|
(unaudited) |
|
|
(unaudited) |
|
Technology type |
|
Amount |
|
|
% |
|
|
Amount |
|
|
% |
|
|
|
(in millions, except percentages) |
|
Application development and maintenance services |
|
$ |
282.1 |
|
|
|
44.8 |
% |
|
$ |
192.1 |
|
|
|
43.3 |
% |
Consulting and enterprise business solutions |
|
|
283.3 |
|
|
|
44.9 |
|
|
|
198.0 |
|
|
|
44.6 |
|
Extended engineering solutions |
|
|
41.5 |
|
|
|
6.6 |
|
|
|
32.5 |
|
|
|
7.3 |
|
Infrastructure management services |
|
|
23.4 |
|
|
|
3.7 |
|
|
|
21.2 |
|
|
|
4.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
$ |
630.3 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
% |
|
$ |
443.8 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Revenues by contract type
Our IT services are provided on a time-and-material basis or on a fixed-price basis. Revenues from
IT services provided on a time-and-material basis are recognized in the period that the services
are performed. Revenues from IT services provided on a fixed-price basis are recognized under the
percentage of completion method of accounting and are recorded when we can reasonably estimate the
time period to complete the work. The percentage of completion estimates are subject to periodic
revisions and the cumulative impact of any revision in the estimates of the percentage of
completion is reflected in the period in which the changes become known to us. Although we have
revised our project completion estimates from time to time, such revisions have not materially
affected our reported revenues to date. In recent years, we have experienced some pricing pressure
from our customers, which has had a negative impact on margins. In response to current market
trends, we are considering the viability of introducing performance-based or variable-pricing
contracts.
The following table presents our IT services revenues (excluding inter-segment revenues) by type of
contract for the periods indicated:
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three months ended June 30, |
|
|
|
2008 |
|
|
2007 |
|
|
|
(unaudited) |
|
|
(unaudited) |
|
Contract type |
|
Amount |
|
|
% |
|
|
Amount |
|
|
% |
|
|
|
(in millions, except percentages) |
|
Time-and-material basis |
|
$ |
426.5 |
|
|
|
67.7 |
% |
|
$ |
302.9 |
|
|
|
68.3 |
% |
Fixed-price basis |
|
|
203.8 |
|
|
|
32.3 |
% |
|
|
140.9 |
|
|
|
31.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
$ |
630.3 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
% |
|
$ |
443.8 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6
Revenues based on offshore and onsite/offsite
We provide our IT services through a combination of (i) offshore centers located throughout India,
(ii) teams working onsite at a customers location, (iii) nearshore centers located in Canada,
China and Hungary to serve U.S.-based, Asia Pacific based and Europe based customers, respectively
and (iv) offsite centers in locations including Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, Germany, Hungary,
Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Singapore, South Africa, Thailand, the United Arab Emirates, the United
Kingdom and the United States. Offshore IT services revenues consist of revenues earned both from
IT services work conducted at our offshore centers in India as well as onsite work conducted at
customers premises which is related to offshore work. Offshore IT services revenues do not
include revenues from our offsite or nearshore centers located outside of India or revenues from
onsite work which is not related to any offshore work. These latter revenues are included in
onsite/offsite revenues.
We generally charge higher rates and incur higher compensation expenses for work performed by our
onsite teams at our customers premises or at our offsite and nearshore centers, as compared to
work performed at our offshore centers in India. Services performed by our onsite teams or at our
offsite centers typically generate higher revenues per capita, but at a lower gross margin, than
the same amount of services performed at our offshore centers in India.
The following table presents our IT services revenues (excluding inter-segment revenues) based on
the location where services are performed for the periods indicated:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three months ended June 30, |
|
|
|
2008 |
|
|
2007 |
|
|
|
(unaudited) |
|
|
(unaudited) |
|
Location |
|
Amount |
|
|
% |
|
|
Amount |
|
|
% |
|
|
|
(in millions, except percentages) |
|
Offshore |
|
$ |
328.5 |
|
|
|
52.1 |
% |
|
$ |
228.7 |
|
|
|
51.5 |
% |
Onsite/Offsite |
|
|
301.8 |
|
|
|
47.9 |
% |
|
|
215.1 |
|
|
|
48.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
$ |
630.3 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
% |
|
$ |
443.8 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Revenues by top customers
Our top two customers accounted for 8.5% of our IT services revenues during the three months ended
June 30, 2008, as compared to 10.4% and 10.0% of IT services revenues during the three months
ended June 30, 2007 and the year ended March 31, 2008 respectively. Our top five customers
accounted for 18.6% of IT services revenues during the three months ended June 30, 2008, as
compared to 20.6% and 19.7% of IT services revenues during the three months ended June 30, 2007 and the year ended March
31, 2008, respectively.
Revenues based on customer location
We have experienced increasing volumes of business from customers located in the United States and
Europe, attributable to both new customers and additional business from existing customers, even
though we experienced a small decline in percentage terms in our revenues from the United States in
the three months ended June 30, 2008 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2007. We expect
that most of our revenues will be generated in the United States followed by Europe and Rest of the
world in fiscal 2009. The following table gives the composition of our IT services revenues
(excluding inter-segment revenues) based on the location of our customers for the periods
indicated:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three months ended June 30, |
|
|
|
2008 |
|
|
2007 |
|
|
|
(unaudited) |
|
|
(unaudited) |
|
Geographic location |
|
Amount |
|
|
% |
|
|
Amount |
|
|
% |
|
|
|
(in millions, except percentages) |
|
United States |
|
$ |
376.8 |
|
|
|
59.8 |
% |
|
$ |
270.1 |
|
|
|
60.9 |
% |
Europe |
|
|
132.7 |
|
|
|
21.1 |
% |
|
|
89.9 |
|
|
|
20.3 |
|
Asia Pacific |
|
|
85.9 |
|
|
|
13.6 |
% |
|
|
6.4 |
|
|
|
1.4 |
|
India |
|
|
19.0 |
|
|
|
3.0 |
% |
|
|
16.2 |
|
|
|
3.6 |
|
Rest of the world |
|
|
15.9 |
|
|
|
2.5 |
% |
|
|
61.2 |
|
|
|
13.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
$ |
630.3 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
% |
|
$ |
443.8 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7
Expenses
Cost of revenues
Our cost of revenues consists primarily of the compensation cost of technical staff,
stock-compensation cost, depreciation on dedicated assets and system and application software
costs, amortization of intangibles, travel costs, data communication expenses and other expenses
incurred that are related to the generation of revenue.
The principal component of our cost of revenues is the wage cost of our technical associates. Wage
cost in India, including in the IT services industry, has historically been significantly lower
than wage cost in the United States and Europe for comparably skilled professionals. However, as
wages in India increase at a faster rate than in the United States, we may experience increase in
our costs of personnel, particularly project managers and other mid-level professionals.
The utilization levels of our technical associates also affect our revenue and gross profits. We
calculate utilization levels on a monthly basis, based on the ratio of the actual number of hours
billed by technical associates in such month to the total number of billable hours. For purposes of
such calculation, we assume that an associate is 100.0% utilized if he or she works 157 hours per
month. We manage utilization by monitoring project requirements and timetables. The number of
associates assigned to a project will vary according to size, complexity, duration and demands of
the project. Associate utilization levels for IT services were 73.7%, 83.3% and 81.8% during the
three months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007 and the year ended March 31, 2008, respectively.
Selling, general and administrative expenses
Selling, general and administrative expenses generally include the compensation costs of sales,
management and administrative personnel, stock-compensation cost, travel costs, advertising,
business promotion, depreciation on assets, rent, repairs, electricity and other general expenses
not attributable to cost of revenues.
Subsidiaries
As of June 30, 2008, we have nine wholly-owned subsidiaries, Satyam BPO, Satyam Technologies Inc.,
or STI, Satyam Computer Services (Shanghai) Co. Ltd, or Satyam Shanghai, Citisoft, Knowledge
Dynamics, Satyam Computer Services (Nanjing) Co. Ltd, Satyam Computer Services (Egypt) S.A.E, Nitor
and Bridge. These nine subsidiaries have been consolidated in our consolidated financial statements
for the three months period ended June 30, 2008.
Citisoft
On May 12, 2005, Satyam Computer Services acquired a 75% interest in Citisoft Plc or Citisoft, a
specialist business and systems consulting firm located in the United Kingdom that has focused on
the investment management industry since 1986. The results of Citisofts operations have been
consolidated by Satyam Computer Services from the consummation date of May 12, 2005.
The consideration for the 75% equity interest in Citisoft amounted to $17.4 million comprising of
an initial consideration of $14.3 million (including direct acquisition costs of $0.9 million) and
deferred consideration (non-contingent) of $3.1 million (paid in June 2006). On June 29, 2006,
Satyam Computer Services exercised its call option to acquire the remaining 25% equity interest in
Citisoft for a deferred consideration (non-contingent) of $5.9 million (paid during fiscal 2008).
During fiscal 2008, Satyam Computer Services also contributed $2.0 million to Employee Benefit
Trust (EBT) formed by Citisoft. Satyam Computer Services also entered into an amendment
agreement with the selling shareholders due to which it made additional employee related pay out of
$0.4 million. These have been accounted for as part of cost of revenues in the consolidated
statement of income. Satyam was also required to pay an earn-out consideration based on
achievement of targeted revenues and profits for the years ended April 30, 2007 and 2008
respectively. However since the revenue and profit targets have not been achieved, the total earn
out consideration is not payable.
Knowledge Dynamics
On October 1, 2005, Satyam Computer Services acquired a 100% interest in Knowledge Dynamics Pte
Ltd, Singapore, (Knowledge Dynamics), a leading Data Warehousing and Business Intelligence
Solutions provider. The results of Knowledge Dynamics operations have been consolidated by Satyam
Computer Services from the consummation date of October 1, 2005. The consideration for this
acquisition amounted to $3.3 million comprising of initial consideration of $1.8 million (including
direct
8
acquisition costs of $11 thousand) and deferred consideration (non-contingent) of $1.5
million (paid in fiscal 2007 and 2008). During fiscal 2008, Satyam Computer Services also entered
into an amendment agreement with the selling shareholders due to which it has accounted for $1.0
million as part of cost of revenues in the consolidated statement of income out of which $0.7
million was paid in fiscal 2008 and $0.3 million has been paid during the three months ended June
30, 2008. Satyam was also required to pay an earn-out consideration based on achievement of
targeted revenues and profits for the years ended April 30, 2007 and 2008 respectively. However
since the revenue and profit targets have not been achieved, the 2007 earn out consideration is not
payable.
Acquisition of Minority Interests in Satyam BPO
During the year ended March 31, 2008, in accordance with the share purchase agreement, Satyam
Computer Services acquired 26% equity shares of Satyam BPO from the Investors for a consideration
of $46.5 million. Further during the year ended March 31, 2008, an Employee Stock Option Exercises
and Share Transfer Agreement was entered into between Satyam Computer Services, Satyam BPO and
certain employees of Satyam BPO holding Satyam BPO-ESOP. The exercise of options by the employees
has resulted in a dilution of ownership interest of Satyam Computer Services in Satyam BPO. Satyam
BPO issued 358,952 equity shares to the employees at amounts per share higher than Satyam Computer
Services average cost per share. With respect to this transaction the resulting gain of $1.0
million, net of taxes has been recorded as an increase in additional paid-in capital during the
year ended March 31, 2008. Satyam Computer Services has acquired these shares at their fair value
determined based on an independent valuation of $7.2 per share. Since the awards were fully vested
and were cash settled at its current fair value as of the settlement date no incremental
compensation cost has been recognized.
The purchase price was allocated as follows: $8.9 million to customer relationships, $3.0 million
to deferred tax liability and the balance $43.4 million to goodwill. The goodwill has been
allocated to the BPO services segment. Satyam Computer Services ownership interest in Satyam BPO
was 100% as at March 31, 2008 as against 74% as at March 31, 2007.
Acquisition of Nitor
On October 23, 2007, Satyam Computer Services announced its intention to acquire 100% of the shares
of Nitor Global Solutions Ltd, United Kingdom (Nitor), a Company specialized in the
Infrastructure Management Services (IMS) space. The total consideration for this acquisition would
be approximately $5.6 million including a performance-based payment of up to $2.6 million over two
years conditional upon specified revenue and profit targets being met. The initial consideration of
$3.0 million was paid on January 4, 2008.
The purchase price was allocated as follows: $0.7 million to current assets, $0.1 million to non
compete agreement, $0.6 million to customer contracts and relationships, $0.2 million to internally
developed technology, $0.2 million deferred tax liability and the balance $1.7 million to goodwill.
The goodwill has been allocated to the IT services segment.
Acquisition of Bridge Strategy Group
On January 21, 2008, Satyam Computer Services announced its intention of acquiring 100% of the
shares of Bridge Strategy Group LLC, (Bridge) a Chicago based strategy and general management
consulting firm for a total consideration of $ 35.0 million comprising of initial consideration,
deferred consideration (non contingent) and a contingent consideration. On April 4, 2008 the
initial consideration of $19.0 million has been paid. The results of Bridges operations have been
consolidated by Satyam Computer Services from the consummation date of April 4, 2008.
The acquisition has been accounted using the purchase method and the purchase price has been
allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the date of acquisition, on a
preliminary basis based on managements estimates. The finalization of the purchase price
allocation, which is expected to be completed within one year from the date of the acquisition,
will result in adjustments to the purchase price allocation. The preliminary allocation of the
purchase price resulted in goodwill of $25.9 million. The goodwill has been allocated to the IT
services segment.
Preferred Stock of Subsidiary
Satyam BPO issued 45,669,999 and 45,340,000 0.05% convertible redeemable cumulative preference
shares of par value Rs. 10 ($0.23) per share in October 2003 and June 2004 respectively to the
investors at an issue price of Rs. 10 ($0.23) per share, in exchange for an aggregate consideration
of $20 million. On November 20, 2006, a Share Purchase, Redemption and Amendment Agreement (SPRA
Agreement) was entered into between Satyam, the Investors and Satyam BPO. Satyam had reclassified
50% of the preference shares as a current liability as of March 31, 2007 and these were redeemed in
August 2007 for $13.8 million. The balance 50% got converted into equity shares of Satyam BPO in
January 2007 based on the terms of the then existing subscription
9
agreement into 6,422,267 equity shares of Satyam BPO. Due to the issue of shares by Satyam BPO,
Satyam Computer Services ownership interest in Satyam BPO reduced from 100.0% as at March 31, 2006
to 74.0% as at March 31, 2007 and the resulting gain of $7.9 million, net of taxes during the year
ended March 31, 2007 was recorded as an increase in additional paid in capital. The Investors
holding in Satyam BPO had been accounted for as a minority interest. Further as per the SPRA
Agreement, Satyam agreed to purchase and the Investors agreed to sell these equity shares at an
aggregate purchase price based on a formula. The forward contract was freestanding and had been
accounted for under SFAS 150. The forward contract had a zero fair vale since as per regulatory
requirements the transaction could take place only at fair value. During the year ended March 31,
2008, Satyam Computer Services acquired the minority interest of 26% equity shares in Satyam BPO
from the investors for a consideration of $46.5 million.
Income Taxes
The statutory corporate income tax rate in India is currently 30.0%. This tax rate is presently
subject to a 10.0% surcharge. The amount of tax and surcharge payable is further subject to a 3.0%
education cess, resulting in an effective tax rate of 33.99%. The provision for foreign taxes is
due to income taxes payable in overseas tax jurisdictions by our offsite, nearshore and onsite
centers, principally in the United States. We benefit from tax incentives provided to software
entities as an exemption from payment of Indian corporate income taxes until the earlier of fiscal
2009 or 10 consecutive years of operations of software development facilities designated as
Software Technology Parks, or STP units. The benefits of this tax incentive have historically
resulted in our effective tax rate being well below statutory rates. The exemption for two of our
STP units in Hyderabad and one in Bangalore expired at the beginning of fiscal 2006 and one in
Hyderabad, Chennai, Pune and Bhubaneswar expired at the beginning of fiscal 2007, and the exemption
for two of our STP units expired in fiscal 2008 respectively. Exemption for six of our STP units
which were to expire in fiscal 2009 will now expire in fiscal 2010 pursuant to the recent extension
of holiday period by one year. We also earn certain other foreign income and domestic income, which
are taxable irrespective of the tax holiday as stated above.
Our subsidiaries are subject to income taxes of the countries in which they operate. Our
subsidiaries operating loss carried forward for tax purposes amounted to approximately $86.9
million as of June 30, 2008, which is available as an offset against future taxable income of such
entities. These carry forwards expire at various dates primarily over a period of 8 years in India
and 20 years in other jurisdictions. Realization is dependent on such subsidiaries generating
sufficient taxable income prior to expiration of the loss carried forward. A valuation allowance is
established attributable to deferred tax assets and losses carried forward in subsidiaries where,
based on available evidence, it is more likely than not that they will not be realized. Currently,
a full valuation allowance has been made for such losses since we believe that our subsidiaries
will not generate sufficient taxable income prior to expiration of carry forwards and under Indian
regulations we are not allowed to file a consolidated tax return.
In addition, we are in the process of setting up many offices in various special economic zones
(SEZs) in India which are subject to the SEZ Act, 2005. SEZs have many tax incentives, including
100% exemption from income tax for the first 5 years and 50% for the next 5 years.
Effective April 1, 2007, Satyam adopted the provisions of Financial Accounting Standards Board
(FASB) Interpretation No. 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxesan interpretation of
FASB Statement No. 109 (FIN 48). As a result of the adoption of FIN 48, we did not have to
recognize any increase/decrease in the liability for unrecognized tax benefits related to tax
positions taken in prior periods.
10
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following table sets forth operating data in dollars and as a percentage of total revenues for
the periods indicated:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three months ended June 30, |
|
|
|
2008 |
|
|
2007 |
|
Statement of income: |
|
Amount |
|
|
% |
|
|
Amount |
|
|
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(dollars in millions, except percentages) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Revenues: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
IT services |
|
$ |
630.3 |
|
|
|
98.9 |
% |
|
$ |
444.1 |
|
|
|
98.2 |
% |
BPO |
|
|
11.8 |
|
|
|
1.9 |
|
|
|
11.9 |
|
|
|
2.6 |
|
Inter-segment |
|
|
(4.8 |
) |
|
|
(0.8 |
) |
|
|
(3.7 |
) |
|
|
(0.8 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total revenues |
|
|
637.3 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
452.3 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cost of revenues: (1) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
IT services |
|
|
(378.3 |
) |
|
|
(59.4 |
) |
|
|
(282.2 |
) |
|
|
(62.4 |
) |
BPO |
|
|
(12.2 |
) |
|
|
(1.9 |
) |
|
|
(10.4 |
) |
|
|
(2.3 |
) |
Inter-segment |
|
|
4.8 |
|
|
|
0.8 |
|
|
|
3.4 |
|
|
|
0.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total cost of revenues |
|
|
(385.7 |
) |
|
|
(60.5 |
) |
|
|
(289.2 |
) |
|
|
(63.9 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross profit: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
IT services |
|
|
252.0 |
|
|
|
39.5 |
|
|
|
161.9 |
|
|
|
35.8 |
|
BPO |
|
|
(0.4 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.4 |
|
|
|
0.3 |
|
Inter-segment |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(0.2 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total gross profit |
|
|
251.6 |
|
|
|
39.5 |
|
|
|
163.1 |
|
|
|
36.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating expenses: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Selling, general and administrative expenses: (2) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
IT services |
|
|
(113.3 |
) |
|
|
(17.8 |
) |
|
|
(69.8 |
) |
|
|
(15.5 |
) |
BPO |
|
|
(4.3 |
) |
|
|
(0.7 |
) |
|
|
(3.4 |
) |
|
|
(0.8 |
) |
Inter-segment |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.2 |
|
|
|
0.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total selling, general and administrative expenses |
|
|
(117.6 |
) |
|
|
(18.5 |
) |
|
|
(73.0 |
) |
|
|
(16.1 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating income/(loss): |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
IT services |
|
|
138.7 |
|
|
|
21.8 |
|
|
|
91.9 |
|
|
|
20.3 |
|
BPO |
|
|
(4.7 |
) |
|
|
(0.7 |
) |
|
|
(2.0 |
) |
|
|
(0.4 |
) |
Inter-segment |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total operating income |
|
|
134.0 |
|
|
|
21.0 |
|
|
|
90.1 |
|
|
|
19.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest income |
|
|
16.2 |
|
|
|
2.5 |
|
|
|
16.4 |
|
|
|
3.6 |
|
Interest expense |
|
|
(1.4 |
) |
|
|
(0.2 |
) |
|
|
(0.8 |
) |
|
|
(0.2 |
) |
Gain/ (loss) on foreign exchange transactions |
|
|
46.0 |
|
|
|
7.2 |
|
|
|
(22.9 |
) |
|
|
(5.1 |
) |
Gain/ (loss) on foreign exchange forward and option contracts |
|
|
(54.8 |
) |
|
|
(8.6 |
) |
|
|
22.1 |
|
|
|
4.9 |
|
Other income/(expense), net |
|
|
0.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income before income taxes and equity in earnings/(losses) of
associated companies |
|
|
140.2 |
|
|
|
22.0 |
|
|
|
104.9 |
|
|
|
23.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income taxes |
|
|
(13.7 |
) |
|
|
(2.1 |
) |
|
|
(11.8 |
) |
|
|
(2.6 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Equity in earnings/(losses) of associated companies, net of taxes |
|
|
0.1 |
|
|
|
0.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income |
|
$ |
126.6 |
|
|
|
19.9 |
|
|
$ |
93.1 |
|
|
|
20.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Depreciation |
|
|
11.1 |
|
|
|
1.7 |
% |
|
|
9.3 |
|
|
|
2.1 |
% |
|
|
|
(1) |
|
Inclusive of stock-based compensation expenses of $1.3 million, $2.7 million and $9.8
million for the three months period ended June 2008 and 2007 and the year ended March 31, 2008
respectively in the IT services segment |
|
(2) |
|
Inclusive of stock-based compensation expenses of $2.6 million, $3.2 million and $13.0
million for the three months period ended June 2008 and 2007 and the year ended March 31, 2008
respectively in the IT services segment. |
11
Comparison of results for the three months ended June 30, 2008 and June 30, 2007
Revenues. Our revenues increased by 40.9% to $637.3 million during the three months ended June 30,
2008 from $452.3 million during the three months ended June 30, 2007. This revenue growth of $185.0
million during the three months ended June 30, 2008 was primarily the result of an increase in
business from existing customers. Revenues from existing customers increased by 47.6% to $593.7
million during the three months ended June 30, 2008 from $402.3 million during the three months
ended June 30, 2007, the increase was primarily due to new projects/orders from our existing
customers. Revenue from new customers amounted to $43.6 million during the three months ended June
30, 2008 as compared to $50.0 million during the three months ended June 30, 2007.
During the three months period ended June 30, 2008, revenues (IT services excluding inter-segment
revenues) from application development and maintenance increased by $90.0 million revenues from
consulting and enterprise business solutions increased by $85.3 million and revenue from extended
engineering solutions and infrastructure management services increased by $9.0 million and $2.2
million respectively. In terms of percentage growth during the three months period ended June 30,
2008 over the three months period ended June 30, 2007, revenues from application development and
maintenance services has grown by 46.9%, consulting and enterprise solutions has grown by 43.1% and
revenues from extended engineering solutions and infrastructure management services have grown by
27.7% and 10.4% respectively.
Revenues from IT services (excluding inter-segment revenues) provided on a time-and-materials basis
decreased to 67.7% during the three months period ended June 30, 2008 from 68.2% during the three
months period ended June 30, 2007. Revenues from IT services provided on a fixed-price basis
increased to 32.3% during the three months period ended June 30, 2008 from 31.8% during the three
months period ended June 30, 2007.
The onsite revenues from IT services (excluding inter-segment revenues) increased to $206.8 million
during the three months period ended June 30, 2008 from $153.8 million during the three months
period ended June 30, 2007 primarily on account of new engagements in consulting and enterprise
business solutions and the need for extensive interactions with customers in the early stages of
new engagements to understand their business needs and create the relevant processes before we move
the appropriate portion of the work offshore.
Of the total increase of $185.0 million in revenues during the three months period ended June
30, 2008, $101.4 million was due to increased business in the United States, $43.2 million in
Europe, $28.3 million in Asia Pacific, $6.3 million in India and $5.8 million in rest of the world.
Our increased business in the United States, Europe and rest of the world was due to additional
business from existing customers.
Cost of Revenues. Cost of revenues increased by 33.4% to $385.7 million during the three months
period ended June 30, 2008 from $289.2 million during the three months period ended June 30, 2007.
Cost of revenues represented 60.5% of revenues during the three months period ended June 30, 2008
and 63.9% during the three months period ended June 30, 2007. This increase of $96.5 million was
attributable primarily to increases in associate compensation and benefits expenses, traveling
expenses, communication expenses, depreciation and other expenses, attributable largely to an
overall increase in our business during this period. Associate compensation and benefits expenses
increased by 38.7% to $313.7 million, or 49.2% of revenues, during the three months period ended
June 30, 2008 from $226.1 million, or 50.0% of revenues, during the three months period ended June
30, 2007. The increase in the associate compensation and benefits is due to (i) an increase in the
total number of technical associates by 8,379 to 47,831 as of June 30, 2008 from 39,452 as of June
30, 2007 and (ii) an increase in number of onsite technical associates by 2,581 to 10,271 as of
June 30, 2008 from 7,690 as of June 30, 2007, to whom we pay a higher compensation. Traveling expenses
increased by 15.4% to $28.4 million, or 4.5% of revenues, during the three months period ended June 30, 2008 from $24.6 million or 5.4% of
revenues, during the three months period ended June 30, 2007. This increase was primarily due to
increase in the number of travels resulting from an increase in the number of technical associates.
Communication expenses increased by 2.3% to $4.5 million or 0.7% of revenues during the three
months period ended June 30, 2008 from $4.4 million, or 1.0% of revenues during the three months
period ended June 30, 2007. This increase was primarily due to increase in number of locations of
operations, both in India and overseas. Depreciation expense increased by 20.7% to $9.9 million, or
1.8% of revenues, during the three months period ended June 30, 2008 from $8.2 million, or 1.8% of
revenues during the three months period ended June 30, 2007. Other expenses comprised mainly of
rent, power and fuel and maintenance expenses. Other expenses increased by 20.7% to $27.9 million,
or 4.4% of revenues, during the three months period ended June 30, 2008 from $23.2 million, or 5.1%
of revenues, during the three months period ended June 30, 2007. Stock-based compensation expenses
decreased to $1.3 million, or 0.2% of revenues, during the three months period ended June 30, 2008
from $2.7million during the three months ended June 30, 2007.
12
Selling, general and administrative expenses. Selling, general and administrative expenses
increased by 61.1% to $117.6 million during the three months period ended June 30, 2008 from $73.0
million during the three months period ended June 30, 2007. Selling, general and administrative
expenses represented 18.5% of revenues during the three months period ended June 30, 2008 and 16.1%
of revenues during the three months period ended June 30, 2007. This increase of $44.6 million
during the three months period ended June 30, 2008 was a result primarily of increase in associate
compensation and benefits for non-technical associates, professional
charges and traveling
expenses. Associate compensation and benefits increased by 65.5% to $60.9 million, or 9.5% of
revenues, during the three months period ended June 30, 2008 as compared to $36.8 million or 8.1%
of revenues during the three months period ended June 30, 2007, primarily on account of an increase
in number of non-technical associates by 799 to 3,176 as of June 30, 2008 from 2,377 as of June 30,
2007. Professional charges increased by 55.2% to $10.4 million or 1.6% of revenues during the three
months period ended June 30, 2008 from $6.7 million or 1.5% of revenues during the three months
period ended June 30, 2007, primarily on account of advisory services. Traveling expenses increased
by 52.8% to $11.0 million or 1.7% of revenues during the three months period ended June 30, 2008
from $7.2 million or 1.6% of revenues during the three months period ended June 30, 2007.
Stock-based compensation expenses decreased to $2.6 million, or 0.4% of revenues, during the three
months period ended June 30, 2008 from $3.2 million, or 0.7% of revenues during the three months
period ended June 30, 2007. Marketing expenses increased by 45.9% to $5.4 million or 0.8% of
revenues during the three months period ended June 30, 2008 from $3.7 million or 0.8% of revenues
during the three months period ended June 30, 2007. Other expenses comprised primarily of power and
fuel, rent, repairs and maintenance and advertisement expenses. Other expenses increased by 78.4%
to $27.2 million or 4.3% of revenues during the three months period ended June 30, 2008 from $15.3
million, or 3.4% of revenues during the three months period ended June 30, 2007.
Operating income. Our total operating income was $134.0 million during the three months period
ended June 30, 2008, representing an increase of 48.7% over the total operating income of $90.1
million during the three months period ended June 30, 2007. As a percentage of revenues, operating
income was 21.0% during the three months period ended June 30, 2008, as compared to 19.9% of
revenues during the three months period ended June 30, 2007.
Interest income. Interest income decreased by 1.2% to $16.2 million during the three months period
ended June 30, 2008 from $16.4 million during the three months period ended June 30, 2007.
Gain/(loss) on foreign exchange transactions. Our revenues generated in U.S. dollars were 71.1% and
73.3% of revenues during the three months period ended June 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively. The
average exchange rate of Indian rupee to U.S. dollar during the three months period ended June 30,
2008 was Rs. 41.55 against Rs. 41.06 during the three months period ended June 30, 2007. As at June
30, 2008, the Indian rupee depreciated to Rs. 42.93 against Rs. 40.58 at June 30, 2007. As a
result of these fluctuations in exchange rates during fiscal 2008 and fiscal 2007, gain on foreign
exchange transactions was $46.0 million during the three months period ended June 30, 2008 as
compared to a loss of $22.9 million during the three months period ended June 30, 2007.
Gain/(Loss) on foreign exchange forward and option contracts. Loss on foreign exchange forward and
option contracts were $54.8 million during the three months period ended June 30, 2008, as compared
to gain on foreign exchange forward and option contracts were $22.1 million during the three months
period ended June 30, 2007. The loss on foreign exchange forward and option contracts is primarily
on account of loss on forward and options contracts due to rupee depreciation to Rs. 42.93 as on
June 30, 2008 from Rs 40.02 as on March 31, 2008 and Rs.40.58 as on June 30, 2007.
Income taxes. Income taxes were $13.7 million during the three months period ended June 30, 2008,
representing an increase of 16.1% from $11.8 million during the three months period ended June 30,
2007.
Equity in earnings/(losses) of associated companies, net of taxes. Equity in earnings/(losses) of
associated companies was $0.1 million during the three months period ended June 30, 2008 as
compared to Nil during the three months period ended June 30, 2007. Equity in earnings/(losses) of
Satyam Venture Engineering Services Private Limited, or Satyam Venture, CA Satyam ASP Private
Limited, or CA Satyam amounted to $0.2 million and $(0.1) million respectively, during the three
months period ended June 30, 2008 as compared to $20 thousand and $(22) thousand respectively,
during the three months period ended June 30, 2007.
Net income. As a result of the foregoing, our net income was $126.6 million during the three months
period ended June 30, 2008, representing an increase of 36.0% over our net income of $93.1 million
during the three months period ended June 30, 2007. As a
13
percentage of revenues, net income decreased to 19.9% during the three months period ended June 30, 2008 from 20.6% during the three
months period ended June 30, 2007.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Net cash provided by operating activities
Net cash provided by operating activities was $123.2 million and $44.7million during the three
months ended June 30 2008 and 2007 respectively
During the three months period ended June 30, 2008, non-cash adjustments to reconcile the $126.6
million net income to net cash used in operating activities consisted primarily of depreciation and
amortization expense of $11.7 million, loss on financial derivative instruments of $53.0 million
and increase in net accounts receivable and unbilled revenues. Net accounts receivable and unbilled
revenues increased by $93.4 million primarily as a result of an increase in our revenues and
increase in collection period. Accounts payable and accrued expenses increased by $45.6 million
primarily on account of provision for gratuity and unutilized leave by $25.2 million and increase
in provision for taxation net of payments by $13.1 million.
During the three months period ended June 30, 2007, non-cash adjustments to reconcile the $93.1
million net income to net cash used in operating activities consisted primarily of depreciation and
amortization expense of $9.6 million, stock-based compensation expense of $5.9 million and increase
in net accounts receivable and unbilled revenues. Net accounts receivable and unbilled revenues
increased by $27.8 million primarily as a result of an increase in our revenues and increase in
collection period. Accounts payable and accrued expenses increased by $17.5 million primarily on
account of increase in provision for gratuity and unutilized leave by $7.8 million and increase in
provision for taxation net of payments by $12.4 million.
Net cash used in investing activities
Net cash used in investing activities was $50.0 million, and $25.5 million during the three months
period ended June 30, 2008 and 2007 respectively.
Net cash used in investing activities during the three months period ended June 30, 2008 increased
by $24.5 million to $50.0 million from $25.5 million during the three months period ended June 30,
2007. This increase in net cash used in investing activities was primarily due to payment for
acquisition of subsidiaries of $19.1 million and increase in purchase of premises and equipment $30.8 million made
during the three months period ended June 30, 2008 as compared to $4.2 million and $21.6 million
during the three months period ended June 30, 2007.
Net cash used in investing activities during the three months ended June 30, 2007 increased by $6.6
million to $24.4 million from $17.8 million during the three months ended June 30, 2006. This
increase in net cash used in investing activities was primarily due to purchase of premises, plant
and equipment of $21.3 million during the three months ended June 30, 2007 due to expansion of new
facilities at Bangalore, Chennai, Hyderabad and Visakhapatnam and payment of deferred consideration
to Citisoft Plc.
Net cash provided by financing activities
Net cash provided by financing activities was $5.6 million and $7.0 million during the three months
period ended June 30, 2008 and 2007 respectively.
Net cash provided by financing activities during the three months period ended June 30, 2008,
decreased by $1.4 million to $5.6 million from $7.0 million during the three months period ended
June 30, 2007. This decrease in net cash used in financing activities was primarily due to
reduction in proceeds from borrowings by $9.0 million to $2.1 million during the three months
period ended June 30, 2008 from $11.1 million during the three months period June 30, 2007 offset
by increase in proceeds from issuance of common stock by $9.3 million.
As of June 30, 2008, we had cash and cash equivalents of $351.4 million, U.S. dollar denominated
loans of Satyam BPO amounting to $16.0 million, short-term borrowings of Satyam BPO amounting to
$26.1 million and hire purchase loans amounting to $6.8 million with maturities ranging from one to
three years, short term borrowings of Bridge Strategy amounting to $1.3 million. As of June 30,
2008, we had unused lines of credit of $23.5 million from banks.
14
The following table describes our outstanding credit facilities as of June 30, 2008
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amount |
|
Interest |
|
Computation |
Loan Type |
|
Lenders |
|
outstanding |
|
(per annum) |
|
method |
|
|
(dollars in millions) |
Working capital term loan |
|
BNP Paribas, MB Financial |
|
7.8 |
|
6 month LIBOR +0.95% |
|
Floating |
External commercial
borrowing |
|
BNP Paribas |
|
9.5 |
|
6 month LIBOR +0.95% |
|
Floating |
Overdraft facility |
|
BNP Paribas |
|
26.1 |
|
6 month LIBOR +0.25% |
|
Floating |
Other loans |
|
Various other parties |
|
6.8 |
|
3.0%-14.5% |
|
Fixed |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
|
50.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
We have incurred capital expenditure of $30.8 million during the three months period ended June 30,
2008 and we anticipate an additional capital expenditure of approximately $94.2 million in the
remaining quarters of fiscal 2009, primarily to finance construction of new facilities in our
offshore centers, expand facilities in offshore centers in India and establish offsite centers
outside India. We believe that existing cash and cash equivalents and funds generated from
operations will be sufficient to meet these requirements. However, we may significantly alter our
proposed capital expenditures plans and accordingly, may require additional financing to meet our
requirements. In either case, we cannot assure you that additional financing will be available at
all or, if available, that such financing will be obtained on terms favorable to us or that any
additional financing will not be dilutive to our shareholders.
The following table sets forth our contractual obligations and commitments to make future payments
as of June 30, 2008. The following table excludes our accounts payable, accrued operating expenses
and other current liabilities which are payable in normal course of operations.
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Payments due as at June30, 2008 |
|
|
|
Within 1 |
|
|
1-3 |
|
|
3-5 |
|
|
After 5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Year |
|
|
Years |
|
|
Years |
|
|
Years |
|
|
Total |
|
|
|
(dollars in millions) |
|
Long-term debt |
|
|
17.1 |
|
|
|
5.5 |
|
|
|
0.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
22.8 |
|
Operating leases |
|
|
19.9 |
|
|
|
34.8 |
|
|
|
31.4 |
|
|
|
9.6 |
|
|
|
95.7 |
|
Unconditional purchase obligations: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other commercial commitments |
|
|
116.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
116.2 |
|
Bank guarantees |
|
|
10.1 |
|
|
|
7.6 |
|
|
|
3.9 |
|
|
|
4.8 |
|
|
|
26.4 |
|
Gratuity Plan |
|
|
3.1 |
|
|
|
8.1 |
|
|
|
12.8 |
|
|
|
28.8 |
|
|
|
52.8 |
|
Knowledge Dynamics earn-out consideration (1) |
|
|
0.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.5 |
|
Nitor deferred and earn-out consideration (2) |
|
|
1.0 |
|
|
|
1.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.6 |
|
Bridge
deferred and earn-out consideration(3) |
|
|
8.0 |
|
|
|
8.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
16.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total contractual cash obligations. |
|
$ |
175.9 |
|
|
$ |
65.6 |
|
|
$ |
48.3 |
|
|
$ |
43.2 |
|
|
$ |
333.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
|
Earn-out consideration of Knowledge Dynamics is based on certain conditions. |
|
(2) |
|
Earn-out consideration of Nitor is based on certain conditions. |
|
(3) |
|
Earn-out consideration of Bridge is based on certain conditions |
Based on past performance and current expectations, we believe that our cash and cash equivalents
and cash generated from operations will satisfy our working capital needs, capital expenditures,
investment requirements, stock repurchases, commitments and other liquidity requirements associated
with our existing operations through at least the next 12 months. In addition, there are no
transactions, arrangements and other relationships with unconsolidated entities or other persons
that are reasonably likely to materially affect liquidity or the availability of our requirements
for capital resources.
15
Stock-based Compensation
Effective April 1, 2006, Satyam adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standard (SFAS) No.
123R, Share-Based Payment, utilizing the modified prospective method. SFAS 123R requires the
recognition of stock-based compensation expense in the consolidated financial statements for awards
of equity instruments to employees based on the grant-date fair value of those awards, estimated in
accordance with the provisions of SFAS 123R. Satyam recognizes these compensation costs on a graded
vesting basis over the requisite service period of the award. Prior to the adoption of SFAS 123R,
Satyam followed the intrinsic value method to account for its employee stock option plans in
accordance with the recognition and measurement principles of Accounting Principles Board Opinion
(APB) No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees and Related Interpretations (APB 25),
as allowed by SFAS 123 and as amended by SFAS No. 148, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation
Transition and Disclosure. Satyam historically reported pro forma results under the
disclosure-only provisions of SFAS 123.
Under the modified prospective method, the provisions of SFAS 123R apply to all awards granted or
modified after the date of adoption. In addition, the unrecognized expense of awards not yet vested
at the date of adoption, determined under the original provisions of SFAS No. 123, Accounting for
Stock-Based Compensation (SFAS 123), are recognized in net income in the periods after the date
of adoption. In accordance with the modified prospective transition method, Satyams Consolidated
Financial Statements for the prior periods have not been restated to reflect, and do not include,
the impact of SFAS 123R.
We have five associate stock option plans. See Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees
Employee Benefit Plans of our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended March 31, 2007 filed
with the SEC for more information.
Satyams Consolidated Financial Statements as of and for the three months ended June 30, 2008
reflect the impact of SFAS 123R. In accordance with the modified prospective transition method,
Satyams Consolidated Financial Statements for the prior periods have not been restated to reflect
and do not include, the impact of SFAS 123R. As required by SFAS 123(R), management has made an
estimate of expected forfeitures and is recognizing compensation costs only for those equity awards
expected to vest. Upon adoption of SFAS 123R, Satyam had no cumulative adjustment on account of
expected forfeitures for stock-based awards granted prior to April 1, 2006. During the three months
period ended June 30, 2008, Satyam recorded stock-based compensation related to stock options of
$3.9 million on a graded vesting basis for all unvested options granted prior to and options
granted after the adoption of SFAS 123R. As of June 30, 2008, there was $15.5 million of
unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested options which is expected to be recognized over
a weighted average period of 2.31 years.
The fair value of each option award is estimated on the date of grant using the Black Scholes
option-pricing model. The following table gives the weighted-average assumptions used to determine
fair value:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three months ended June 30, |
|
|
2008 |
|
2007 |
|
|
(unaudited) |
|
(unaudited) |
Dividend yield |
|
|
0.78 |
% |
|
|
0.78 |
% |
Expected volatility |
|
|
56.66 |
% |
|
|
56.64 |
% |
Risk-free interest rate |
|
|
8.55 |
% |
|
|
7.00 |
% |
Expected term (in years) |
|
|
2.31 |
|
|
|
2.30 |
|
Expected Term: The expected term represents the period that the Companys stock-based awards are
expected to be outstanding and was determined based on historical experience of similar awards,
giving consideration to the contractual terms of the stock-based awards, vesting schedules and
expectations of future employee behavior.
Risk-Free Interest Rate: The risk-free interest rate is based on the applicable rates of government
securities in effect at the time of grant.
Expected Volatility: The fair values of stock-based payments were valued using a volatility factor
based on the Companys historical stock prices.
Expected Dividend: The Black Scholes option-pricing model calls for a single expected dividend
yield as an input.
Estimated Pre-vesting Forfeitures: When estimating forfeitures, the Company considers voluntary
termination behavior. Estimated forfeiture rates are trued-up to actual forfeiture results as the
stock-based awards vest.
16
Effect of recently issued accounting pronouncements
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141 (revised 2007), Business Combinations (SFAS 141R),
which replaced SFAS 141. SFAS 141R retains the fundamental requirements of SFAS 141, but revises
certain principles, including the definition of a business combination, the recognition and
measurement of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination, the accounting
for goodwill, and financial statement disclosure. This Statement applies to Satyam prospectively to
business combinations for which the acquisition date is on or after April 1, 2009. Early adoption
of SFAS 141R is prohibited. Satyam will adopt this statement in fiscal year 2010 and its effect on
future periods will depend on the nature and significance of any acquisitions that are subject to
this statement.
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 160, Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial
Statements An Amendment of ARB No. 51. SFAS 160 establishes new accounting and reporting
standards for the non-controlling interest in a subsidiary and for the deconsolidation of a
subsidiary. Specifically, this statement requires the recognition of a non-controlling interest
(minority interest) as equity in the consolidated financial statements and separate from the
parents equity. The amount of net income attributable to the non-controlling interest will be
included in consolidated net income on the face of the income statement. SFAS 160 clarifies that
changes in a parents ownership interest in a subsidiary that do not result in deconsolidation are
equity transactions if the parent retains its controlling financial interest. In addition, this
statement requires that a parent recognize a gain or loss in net income when a subsidiary is
deconsolidated. Such gain or loss will be measured using the fair value of the non-controlling
equity investment on the deconsolidation date. SFAS 160 also includes expanded disclosure
requirements regarding the interests of the parent and its non-controlling interest. SFAS 160 is
effective from fiscal year beginning on April 1, 2009 to Satyam. Satyam does not expect the
adoption of this statement to have a material effect on the consolidated financials statements.
In March 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 161, Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging
Activities (SFAS 161). SFAS 161 requires disclosure of the fair values of derivative instruments
and their gains and losses in a tabular format. It also requires more information about an entitys
liquidity by requiring disclosure of derivative features that are
credit risk-related. Finally, it
requires cross-referencing within footnotes to enable location of important information about
derivative instruments. SFAS 161 is effective from year ending March 31, 2009 to Satyam. Satyam is
in the process of evaluating the impact SFAS 161 will have on the disclosures.
Effects of Inflation
India has experienced relatively high rates of inflation in the past however it has not had a
significant effect on our results of operations and financial condition to date.
Exchange Rates
The following table sets forth, for each of the months indicated, information concerning the number
of Indian rupees for which one U.S. dollar could be exchanged based on the average of the noon
buying rate in the City of New York on the last day of each month during each of such months for
cable transfers in Indian rupees as certified for customs purposes by the Federal Reserve Bank of
New York:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Month |
|
Month end |
|
Average |
|
High |
|
Low |
|
|
(Rupees) |
April-2007
|
|
|
41.04 |
|
|
|
42.02 |
|
|
|
43.05 |
|
|
|
40.56 |
|
May-2007
|
|
|
40.36 |
|
|
|
40.57 |
|
|
|
41.04 |
|
|
|
40.14 |
|
June-2007
|
|
|
40.58 |
|
|
|
40.59 |
|
|
|
40.90 |
|
|
|
40.27 |
|
July-2007
|
|
|
40.18 |
|
|
|
40.27 |
|
|
|
40.42 |
|
|
|
40.12 |
|
August-2007
|
|
|
40.63 |
|
|
|
40.68 |
|
|
|
41.15 |
|
|
|
40.25 |
|
September-2007
|
|
|
39.75 |
|
|
|
40.17 |
|
|
|
40.81 |
|
|
|
39.50 |
|
October-2007
|
|
|
39.26 |
|
|
|
39.37 |
|
|
|
39.72 |
|
|
|
38.48 |
|
November-2007
|
|
|
39.52 |
|
|
|
39.33 |
|
|
|
39.68 |
|
|
|
39.11 |
|
December-2007
|
|
|
39.41 |
|
|
|
39.38 |
|
|
|
39.55 |
|
|
|
39.29 |
|
January-2008
|
|
|
39.31 |
|
|
|
39.27 |
|
|
|
39.55 |
|
|
|
39.13 |
|
February-2008
|
|
|
39.96 |
|
|
|
39.67 |
|
|
|
40.11 |
|
|
|
39.12 |
|
March-2008
|
|
|
40.02 |
|
|
|
40.15 |
|
|
|
40.46 |
|
|
|
39.76 |
|
April-2008
|
|
|
40.45 |
|
|
|
39.97 |
|
|
|
40.45 |
|
|
|
39.73 |
|
May-2008
|
|
|
42.15 |
|
|
|
42.00 |
|
|
|
42.93 |
|
|
|
40.45 |
|
June-2008
|
|
|
42.93 |
|
|
|
42.76 |
|
|
|
42.97 |
|
|
|
42.38 |
|
17
RISK MANAGEMENT POLICY
Our functional currency is the Indian rupee, however we transact a major portion of our business in
U.S. dollars and other currencies and accordingly face foreign currency exposure from our sales in
the United States and elsewhere and from our purchases from overseas suppliers in U.S. dollars and
other currencies. Accordingly, we are exposed to substantial risk on account of adverse currency
movements in global foreign exchange markets. The exchange rate between the rupee and the U.S.
dollar has changed substantially in recent years and may fluctuate substantially in the future.
We manage risk on account of foreign currency fluctuations through treasury operations. Our risk
management strategy is to identify risks we are exposed to, evaluate and measure those risks,
decide on managing those risks, regular monitoring and reporting to management. The objective of
our risk management policy is to minimize risk arising from adverse currency movements by managing
the uncertainty and volatility of foreign exchange fluctuations by hedging the risk to achieve
greater predictability and stability. Our risk management policies are approved by senior
management and include implementing hedging strategies for foreign currency exposures,
specification of transaction limits; specifying authority and responsibility of the personnel
involved in executing, monitoring and controlling such transactions.
We enter into foreign exchange forward and options contracts to mitigate the risk of changes in
foreign exchange rates on cash flows denominated in U.S. dollars. We enter into foreign exchange
forward and options contracts where the counter party is generally a bank. We consider the risks of
non-performance by the counter party as non-material. These contracts mature between one and twenty
seven months. These contracts do not qualify for hedge accounting under SFAS No. 133, Accounting
for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities, as amended (SFAS 133). Any derivative that is
either not a designated hedge, or is so designated but is ineffective per SFAS No. 133, is marked
to market and recognized in earnings.
The following tables give details in respect of our outstanding foreign exchange forward and
options contracts:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As at June 30, |
|
|
|
2008 |
|
|
2007 |
|
|
|
Amount |
|
|
Amount |
|
|
|
(dollars in millions) |
|
Aggregate contracted principal amounts of contracts outstanding: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Forward contracts |
|
$ |
311.7 |
|
|
$ |
172.0 |
|
Options contracts |
|
|
363.3 |
|
|
|
571.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
$ |
675.0 |
|
|
$ |
743.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance sheet exposure: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Forward contracts |
|
|
(24.5 |
) |
|
$ |
11.8 |
|
Options contracts |
|
|
(29.0 |
) |
|
|
14.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
$ |
(53.5 |
) |
|
$ |
26.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gains/(losses) on foreign exchange forward and options contracts included in the statement of
income and are as stated below:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three months ended June 30, |
|
|
|
2008 |
|
|
2007 |
|
|
|
Amount |
|
|
Amount |
|
|
|
(unaudited) |
|
|
(unaudited) |
|
|
|
(dollars in millions) |
|
Forward contracts |
|
|
(24.3 |
) |
|
$ |
9.5 |
|
Options contracts |
|
|
(30.5 |
) |
|
|
12.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
(54.8 |
) |
|
$ |
22.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We currently do not engage in any off-balance sheet arrangements.
18
Foreign Currency Transactions/ Translation
During the three months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007, 71.1% and 73.3%, respectively, of our total
revenues were generated in U.S. dollars. A significant amount of our expenses were incurred in
Indian rupees and the balance was primarily incurred in U.S. dollars, European currencies and
Japanese yen. Our functional currency and the functional currency for our subsidiaries located in
India is the Indian rupee; however, U.S. dollar, Pound Sterling, Singapore Dollar and Renminbi are
the functional currencies of our foreign subsidiaries located in the United States, United Kingdom,
Singapore and China respectively. The translation of such foreign currencies into U.S. dollars (our
reporting currency) is performed for balance sheet accounts using current exchange rates in effect
at the balance sheet date and for revenue and expense accounts using monthly simple average
exchange rates prevailing during the reporting periods. Adjustments resulting from the translation
of functional currency financial statements to reporting currency are accumulated and reported as
other comprehensive income, a separate component of shareholders equity.
We expect that a majority of our revenues will continue to be generated in U.S. dollars for the
foreseeable future and that a significant portion of our expenses, including personnel costs as
well as capital and operating expenditures, will continue to be denominated in Indian rupees.
Consequently, our results of operations will be affected to the extent the rupee appreciates/
depreciates against the U.S. dollar.
The average exchange rate of rupee to U.S. dollar during the three months period ended June 30,
2008 was Rs. 41.55 against Rs. 41.06 during the three months period ended June 30, 2007. As at June
30, 2008, the rupee depreciated to Rs.42.93 against Rs. 40.58 as at June 30, 2007. As at June 30,
2008, the rupee depreciated to Rs. 42.93 against Rs. 40.02 as at March 31, 2008. As a result, gain
on foreign exchange transactions was $46 million during the three months period ended June 30, 2008
as compared to a loss of $22.9 million during the three months period ended June 30, 2007.
Risk Factors
The following factors, together with the other information contained in this Quarterly Report and
other reports and documents submitted to, or filed with, the SEC, could affect our results. If any
of the following risks actually occur, our company could be seriously harmed, and the market price
of our ADSs could decline.
Risks Related to Our Overall Operations
Our revenues and profitability are difficult to predict and can vary significantly from period to
period which could cause our share price to decline significantly.
Our revenues and profitability have grown rapidly in recent years and may fluctuate significantly
in the future from period to period. Therefore, we believe that period-to-period comparisons of our
results of operations are not necessarily meaningful and should not be relied upon as an indication
of our future performance. The quarterly fluctuation of revenues is primarily because we derive our
revenues from fees for services generated on a project-by-project basis. Our projects vary in size,
scope and duration. For example, we have some projects that employ several people for only a few
weeks and we have other projects that employ over 100 people for six months or more. A customer
that accounts for a significant portion of our revenue in a particular period may not account for a
similar portion of our revenue in future periods. In addition, customers may cancel contracts or
defer projects at any time for a number of different reasons. Furthermore, increasing wage
pressures, employee attrition, pressure on billing rates, the time and expense needed to train and
productively utilize new employees and changes in the proportion of services rendered offshore can
affect our profitability in any period. There are also a number of factors, other than our
performance, that are not within our control that could cause fluctuations in our operating results
from period to period. These include (i) the duration of tax holidays or tax exemptions and the
availability of other Government of India, or GoI incentives; (ii) currency fluctuations,
particularly when the rupee appreciates in value against the U.S. dollar, since the majority of our
revenues are in U.S. dollars and a significant part of our costs are in rupees; and (iii) other
general economic and political factors, including, in particular, the economic conditions in the
United States. As a result, our revenues and our operating results in a particular period are
difficult to predict, may decline in comparison to corresponding prior periods regardless of the
strength of our business. If any of this were to occur, the share price of our equity shares and
our ADSs would likely decline significantly.
Any inability to manage our rapid growth could disrupt our business and reduce our profitability.
We have experienced significant growth in recent periods. For the three months ended June 30, 2008,
our total revenues increased by 40.9% as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2007 and in
fiscal 2008, our total revenues increased by 46.3% as
19
compared to fiscal 2007. As of June 30, 2008,
we had 51,065 employees, whom we refer to as associates, worldwide as compared to
41,829 associates as of June 30, 2007. In addition, we are continuing our geographical expansion.
We have offshore facilities in India and overseas facilities located in Australia, Canada, China,
Egypt Hungary, Japan, Malaysia, Singapore, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom and United States.
In addition, we have sales and marketing offices located in Brazil, Canada, Germany, Italy, the
Netherlands, Saudi Arabia, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom and United States. We have incurred
capital expenditure of $ 30.8 million during the three months ended June 30, 2008 and $ 96.7
million in fiscal 2008 and we expect to incur capital expenditure of approximately $94.2 million in
the remaining three quarters of fiscal 2009 to finance the construction of new facilities and the
expansion of our existing facilities in our offshore centers and to establish offsite centers
outside of India.
We expect our growth to place significant demands on our management and other resources and to
require us to continue to develop and improve our operational, financial and other internal
controls, both in India and elsewhere. In particular, continued growth increases the challenges
involved in:
|
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recruiting and retaining sufficiently skilled technical, marketing and management
personnel; |
|
|
|
|
providing adequate training and supervision to maintain our high quality standards; |
|
|
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|
preserving our culture and values and our entrepreneurial environment; and |
|
|
|
|
developing and improving our internal administrative infrastructure, particularly our
financial, operational, communications and other internal systems |
Our inability to manage our growth effectively could disrupt our business and reduce our
profitability.
The economic environment, pricing pressure and rising wages in India have negatively impacted our
revenues and operating results.
We experience pricing pressures from our customers, which can negatively impact our operating
results. If economic growth slows, our utilization and billing rates for our associates could be
adversely affected which may result in lower gross and operating profits.
Wage costs in India, including in the IT services industry, have historically been significantly
lower than wage costs in the United States and Europe for comparably skilled professionals, which
has been one of our competitive advantages. However, large companies are establishing offshore
operations in India, resulting in wage pressures for Indian companies, which may prevent us from
sustaining this competitive advantage and may negatively affect our profit margins. Wages in India
are increasing at a faster rate than in the United States, which could result in increased cost of
IT professionals, particularly project managers and other mid-level professionals. We may need to
increase the levels of our employee compensation more rapidly than in the past to remain
competitive with other employers, or seek to recruit in other low labor cost jurisdictions to keep
our wage costs low. Compensation increases may result in a material adverse effect on our financial
performance.
Our business will suffer if we fail to anticipate and develop new services and enhance existing
services in order to keep pace with rapid changes in technology and the industries on which we
focus.
The IT services market is characterized by rapid technological change, evolving industry standards,
changing customer preferences and new service introductions. Our future success will
depend on our ability to anticipate these advances and develop new product and service offerings to
meet customer needs and complement our offerings of end-to-end IT services. For example, we have
invested resources in research and development efforts in order to continually develop capabilities
to provide new services to our customers. Should we fail to develop such capabilities on a timely
basis to keep pace with the rapidly changing IT market or if the services or technologies that we
develop are not successful in the marketplace, our business and profitability will suffer and it is
unlikely that we would be able to recover our research and development costs. Moreover, products,
services or technologies that are developed by our competitors may render our services
noncompetitive or obsolete.
Our revenues are highly dependent on customers primarily located in the United States and customers
concentrated in certain industries, and economic slowdowns or factors that affect the economic
health of the United States and our customers industries may affect our business.
In the three months ended June 30, 2008 and in fiscal 2008 and fiscal 2007, approximately 60.1%,
60.1% and 63.2% respectively, of our total revenues were derived from the North America. For the
same periods, we earned 22.7 %, 23.9 % and 27.0% of our IT revenues from the manufacturing industry
and 21.1 %, 22.1% and 26.3% of our IT revenues from the banking, financial services and insurance
industries respectively. If the economy in the United States weakens, our customers may reduce or
postpone their
20
technology spending significantly, which may in turn lower the demand for our
services and negatively affect our revenues and
profitability. Any slowdown or recession in the United States economy will have an adverse impact
on us since a large portion of our revenues is derived from the United States. Further, any
significant decrease in the growth of the manufacturing or banking and finance industries, or other
industry segments on which we focus, may reduce the demand for our services and negatively affect
our revenues and profitability.
Some countries and organizations have expressed concerns about a perceived association between
offshore outsourcing and the loss of jobs. In the United States, in particular, there has been
increasing political and media attention on these issues following the growth of offshore
outsourcing. Any changes in existing laws or the enactment of new legislation restricting offshore
outsourcing may adversely impact our ability to do business in the United States, which is the
largest market for our services. In the recent past, some U.S. states have proposed legislation
restricting government agencies from outsourcing their back office processes and IT solutions work
to companies outside the United States or have enacted laws that limit or to discourage such
outsourcing. Such laws restrict our ability to do business with U.S. government- related entities.
It is also possible that U.S. private sector companies working with these governmental entities may
be restricted from outsourcing projects related to government contracts or may face disincentives
if they outsource certain projects. Any of these events could adversely affect our revenues and
profitability. Similarly, legislation came into effect in the United Kingdom in April 2006
requiring offshore outsourcing providers in certain circumstances to compensate U.K. employees for
loss of jobs arising from the offshore migration of business processes.
We face intense competition in the IT services and BPO markets which could prevent us from
attracting and retaining customers and could reduce our revenues.
The markets for IT services and business process outsourcing, or BPO, are rapidly evolving and
highly competitive, and we expect that competition will continue to intensify. We face competition
in India and elsewhere from a number of companies, including:
|
|
|
offshore IT services firms such as Infosys Technologies Limited, Tata Consultancy
Services Limited and Wipro Limited |
|
|
|
|
consulting firms such as Accenture, Bearing Point, Capgemini and Deloitte Consulting; |
|
|
|
|
divisions of large multinational technology firms such as Hewlett-Packard and IBM; and |
|
|
|
|
IT outsourcing firms such as Computer Sciences Corporation, Electronic Data Systems and
IBM Global Services; |
We also compete with software firms such as Oracle and SAP, service groups of computer equipment
companies, in-house IT departments of large corporations, programming companies and temporary
staffing firms. Satyam BPO Limited (formerly known as Nipuna Services Limited), our wholly-owned
subsidiary, through which we provide BPO services, faces competition from firms like Infosys BPO
Limited (formerly known as Progeon Limited) and Wipro BPO (formerly known as Wipro Spectramind).
A significant part of our competitive advantage has historically been the cost advantage relative
to service providers in the United States and Europe. Since wage costs in this industry in India
are presently increasing at a faster rate than those in the United States and Europe, our ability
to compete effectively will become increasingly dependent on our reputation, the quality of our
services and our expertise in specific markets. Many of our competitors have significantly greater
financial, technical and marketing resources than we have and generate greater revenues than we do,
and we cannot assure you that we will be able to compete successfully with such competitors and
will not lose existing customers to such competitors. We believe that our ability to compete also
depends in part on a number of factors outside our control, including the ability of our
competitors to attract, train, motivate and retain highly skilled technical associates, the price
at which our competitors offer comparable services and the extent of our competitors
responsiveness to customer needs.
Our revenues are highly dependent upon a small number of customers.
We derive a significant portion of our revenues from a limited number of corporate customers. In
the three months ended June 30, 2008 and in fiscal 2008 and fiscal 2007, our largest customer
together with its affiliates, accounted for 4.4%, 4.9% and 6.3% respectively, of our total
revenues. In the three months ended June 30, 2008 and in fiscal 2008 and fiscal 2007, our second
largest customer accounted for 4.0%, 4.8% and 4.4% respectively, of our total revenues. In the
three months ended June 30, 2008 and in fiscal 2008 and fiscal 2007, our five largest customers
accounted for 18.4%, 19.3% and 23.3% respectively, of our total revenues. The volume of work
performed for specific customers is likely to vary from year to year, particularly since we are
usually not the exclusive outside service provider for our customers.
There are a number of factors other than our performance that could cause the loss of a customer
and that may not be predictable. In certain cases, services provided by us to a customer may be
significantly reduced when the customer either changes its outsourcing
21
strategy by moving more work
in-house or replaces its existing software with packaged software supported by the licensor. Some
customers could also potentially develop competing offshore IT centers in India and as a result,
work that may otherwise be outsourced to us may instead be performed in-house. Reduced technology
spending in response to a challenging economic or competitive environment may also result in lower
revenues or loss of a customer. If we lose one of our major customers or one of our major customers
significantly reduces its volume of business with us, our revenues and profitability would be
adversely affected.
Our fixed-price contracts expose us to additional risks, many of which are beyond our control,
which may reduce the profitability of these contracts.
We offer our services either on a fixed-price basis or on a time-and-materials basis. In the three
months ended June 30, 2008 and in fiscal 2008 and fiscal 2007, we derived 32.3%, 31.9% and 39.0%
respectively, of our IT services revenues from fixed-price contracts. Although we use our software
engineering processes and past project experience to reduce the risks associated with estimating,
planning and performing fixed-price projects, we bear the risk of cost overruns, completion delays
and wage inflation in connection with these projects. We may also have to pay damages to our
customers for completion delays. Many of these project risks may be beyond our control. Our failure
to accurately estimate the resources and time required for a project, future wage inflation and
currency exchange rates, or our failure to complete our contractual obligations within the time
frame committed could reduce the profitability of our fixed-price contracts.
Our customers may terminate projects before completion or choose not to renew contracts, many of
which are terminable at will, which could adversely affect our profitability.
Our contracts with customers do not commit our customers to provide us with a specific volume of
business and can typically be terminated by our customers with or without cause, with little or no
advance notice and without penalty. Any failure to meet a customers expectations could result in a
cancellation or non-renewal of a contract. Additionally, our contracts with customers are typically
limited to a specific project and not any future work. Our multi-year contracts will be due for
renewal from time to time, and we cannot assure you that our customers will choose to renew such
contracts for a similar or longer duration, on terms as favorable as their current terms or at all.
Other than our performance, there are also a number of factors not within our control that could
cause the loss of a customer. Our customers may demand price reductions, change their outsourcing
strategy by moving more work in-house or to one of our competitors, or replace their existing
software with packaged software supported by licensors, any of which could reduce our revenue and
profitability.
A number of our customer contracts may be conditioned upon our performance, which, if
unsatisfactory, could result in less revenues than previously anticipated.
We have not yet offered any performance-based or variable pricing terms to our customers. However
we continue to consider the viability of introducing performance-based or variable-pricing
contracts. Should we use value-based pricing terms, it will become more difficult for us to predict
the revenues we will receive from our customer contracts, as such contracts would likely contain a
higher number of contingent terms for payment of our fees by our customers. Our failure to meet
contract goals or a customers expectations in such performance-based contracts may result in lower
revenues, and a less profitable or an unprofitable engagement.
Some of our multi-year customer contracts contain certain provisions which, if triggered, could
result in lower future revenues and profitability under the contract.
Some of our multi-year customer contracts contain benchmarking provisions, most favored customer
clause and/or provisions restricting personnel from working on projects of our customers
competitors. Benchmarking provisions allow a customer in certain circumstances to request a
benchmark study prepared by an agreed upon third-party comparing our pricing, performance and
efficiency gains for delivered contract services with that of an agreed list of other service
providers for comparable services. Based on the results of the benchmarking study and depending on
the reasons for any unfavorable variance, we may be required to make improvements in the services
we provide or to reduce the pricing for services to be performed under the balance term of the
contract, which may result in lower future revenues and profitability under the contract.
Most favored customer clauses generally provide that if, during the term of the contract, we were
to offer similar services to any other customers on terms and conditions more favorable than those
provided in such contract, we would be obligated to offer equally favorable terms and conditions to
the customer. As pricing pressures increase, some customers may demand price reductions or other
pricing incentives. Any pricing reduction agreed to in a subsequent contract may require us to
offer equally
22
favorable terms to other customers with whom we have a most favored contract under the remaining
term of contracts with those customers which may result in lower future revenues and profitability.
The contracts containing benchmarking provisions/most favored customer/and other similar clauses
impact new projects or future services on existing projects and do not impact the terms of
previously delivered projects/services. The most favored customer clause provides that the Company
will offer the best pricing to a new customer if they are identified as a most favored customer. If
an existing customer is granted a most favored customer status, the revised terms would apply to
the services rendered to such customer after the grant of the most favored customer status. This
clause is triggered if a similar contract is negotiated at a lower rate with a new / existing
customer having similar volume, skill set, services offered, geography and domain. The reduction in
the rates for a most favored customer would be applicable only from the time the Company offers a
lower rate to any other customer who enters into a contract similar in nature to the most favored
customer.
Historically no delivery / price adjustments have been required to be made on account of any of
these clauses and we do not anticipate that these clauses will have a material future effect on our
financial condition and results of operations.
A number of our customer contracts provide that, during the term of the contract and for a certain
period thereafter ranging from six to twelve months, we may not provide similar services to any of
their competitors using the same personnel. This restriction may hamper our ability to compete for
and provide services to customers in the same industry, which may result in lower future revenues
and profitability.
We may be unable to attract skilled professionals in the competitive labor market.
Our ability to execute projects and to obtain new customers depends largely on our ability to
attract, train, motivate and retain highly skilled technical associates, particularly project
managers, project leaders and other senior technical personnel. We believe that there is
significant competition for technical associates who possess the skills needed to perform the
services that we offer. An inability to hire and retain additional qualified personnel will impair
our ability to bid for or obtain new projects and to continue to expand our business. Also, we
cannot assure you that we will be able to assimilate and manage new technical associates
effectively. In the three months ended June 30, 2008 and in fiscal 2008 and fiscal 2007, we
experienced associate attrition in the IT services segment at a rate of 12.6%, 13.1% and 15.7%
respectively. Any increase in our attrition rates, particularly the attrition rate of experienced
software engineers, project managers and project leaders, could harm our growth strategy. We cannot
assure you that we will be successful in recruiting and retaining a sufficient number of
replacement technical associates with the requisite skills to replace those technical associates
who leave. Further, we cannot assure you that we will be able to redeploy and retrain our technical
associates to keep pace with continuing changes in evolving technologies and changing customer
preferences. Should we be unable to successfully recruit, retain, redeploy or retrain our technical
associates, we may become less attractive to potential customers and may fail to satisfy the
demands of existing customers, which would result in a decrease in revenues and profitability.
We dedicate significant resources to develop international operations which may be more difficult
to manage and operate.
In addition to our offshore IT centers in India, we have established IT centers in Australia,
Canada, China, Hungary, Japan, Malaysia, Singapore, United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom and
the United States and plan to open additional international facilities. Because of our limited
experience in managing and operating facilities outside of India, we are subject to additional
risks related to our international expansion strategy, including risks related to complying with a
wide variety of national and local laws, restrictions on the import and export of certain
technologies and multiple and possibly overlapping tax structures. In addition, we may face
competition in other countries from companies that may have more experience with local conditions
or with international operations generally. We may also face difficulties integrating new
facilities in different countries into our existing operations, as well as integrating employees
that we hire in different countries into our existing corporate culture.
We are investing substantial cash assets in new facilities and physical infrastructure and our
profitability could be reduced if our business does not grow proportionately.
As of June 30, 2008, we had contractual commitments of approximately $116.2 million for capital
expenditures, and we estimate spending a further $125.0 million in fiscal 2009. We may encounter
cost overruns or project delays in connection with new facilities. These expansions will
significantly increase our fixed costs. If we are unable to grow our business and revenues
proportionately, our profitability will be reduced.
23
Restrictions on immigration may affect our ability to compete for and provide services to customers
in the United States and in other countries, which could hamper our growth and cause our revenues
to decline.
The vast majority of our associates are Indian nationals. Most of our projects require a portion of
the work to be completed at the customers location which is typically outside India. The ability
of our associates to work in the United States, Europe and in other countries outside India depends
on the ability to obtain the necessary visas and work permits. As of June 30, 2008, the majority of
our associates located outside India was in the United States and held either H-1B visas or L-1
visas, allowing the employee to remain in the United States during the term of the work permit only
temporarily. Although there is no limit to new L-1 visas, there is a limit to the aggregate number
of new H-1B visas that the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, or CIS, may approve in any
government fiscal year. The 2005 Appropriations Bill further precludes foreign companies from
obtaining L-1 visas for employees with specialized knowledge: (1) if such employees will be
stationed primarily at the worksite of another company in the U.S. and the employee will not be
controlled and supervised by his employer, or (2) if the placement is essentially an arrangement to
provide labor for hire rather than in connection with the employees specialized knowledge. The CIS
has also issued new guidelines to more closely verify the qualifying criteria to restrict the
liberal usage of L1visas. Immigration laws in the United States may also require us to meet certain
levels of compensation and to comply with other legal requirements including labor certifications
as a condition to obtaining or maintaining work visas for our associates working on H1B in the
United States.
The CIS announced on April 8, 2008 that it had received sufficient applications to fill up all
65,000 H-1B visas that are available for the calendar year 2009.
Immigration laws in the United States and in other countries are subject to legislative change, as
well as to variations in standards of application and enforcement due to political forces and labor and economic conditions. It is
difficult to predict the political and economic events that could affect immigration laws, or the
restrictive impact they could have on obtaining or monitoring work visas for our employees. Our
reliance on work visas for a significant number of associates makes us particularly vulnerable to
such changes and variations as it affects our ability to staff projects with associates who are not
citizens of the country where the work is to be performed. As a result, we may not be able to
obtain a sufficient number of visas for our associates or may encounter delays or additional costs
in obtaining or maintaining the condition of such visas.
We may engage in acquisitions, strategic investments, strategic partnerships or alliances or other
ventures that may or may not be successful.
We may acquire or make strategic investments in complementary businesses, technologies, services or
products, or enter into strategic partnerships or alliances with third parties in order to enhance
our business. It is possible that we may not be able to identify suitable acquisitions targets and
candidates for strategic investments or partnerships, or if we do identify such targets or
candidates, we may not be able to complete those transactions on terms commercially acceptable to
us, or at all. The inability to identify suitable acquisition targets or investments or the
inability to complete such transactions may affect our competitiveness and our growth prospects.
If we acquire a company, we could have difficulty in assimilating that companys personnel,
operations, technology and software. In addition, the key personnel of the acquired company may
decide not to work for us. In some cases, we could have difficulty in integrating the acquired
products, services or technologies into our operations. These difficulties could disrupt our
ongoing business, distract our management and employees and increase our expenses.
We may make strategic investments in early-stage technology start-up companies in order to gain
experience in or exploit niche technologies. However, our investments may not be successful. The
lack of profitability of any of our investments could have a material adverse effect on our
operating results.
System failure could disrupt our business.
To deliver our services to our customers, we must maintain a high speed network of satellite, fiber
optic and land lines and an active voice and data communications 24 hours a day between our main
offices in Hyderabad, our other IT centers in India and globally and the offices of our customers
worldwide. Any systems failure or a significant lapse in our ability to transmit voice and data
through satellite and telephone communications could result in loss of customers and curtailed
operations which would reduce our revenue and profitability.
24
We may be liable to our customers for damages caused by disclosure of confidential information or
system failure.
We are often required to collect and store sensitive or confidential customer and consumer data.
Many of our customer agreements do not limit our potential liability for breaches of
confidentiality. If any person, including any of our associates, penetrates our network security or
misappropriates sensitive data, we could be subject to significant liability from our customers or
from our customers clients for breaching contractual confidentiality provisions or privacy laws.
Unauthorized disclosure of sensitive or confidential customer and consumer data, whether through
breach of our computer systems, system failure or otherwise, could damage our reputation and cause
us to lose customers. Many of our contracts involve projects that are critical to the operations of
our customers businesses and provide benefits which may be difficult to quantify. Any failure in a
customers system or breaches of security could result in a claim for substantial damages against
us, regardless of our alleged responsibility for such failure. Generally, we attempt to limit our
contractual liability for consequential damages in rendering our services; however these
limitations on liability may be unenforceable in some cases, or may be insufficient to protect us
from liability for damages. In respect of some of our contracts, we sub-contract a part of the work
to certain sub-contractors. We are liable to our customers for any breach or non-performance by our
sub-contractors under the sub-contracts. We maintain general liability insurance coverage,
including coverage for errors and omissions; however this coverage may not continue to be available
on reasonable terms and may be unavailable in sufficient amounts to cover one or more large claims.
Further, an insurer might disclaim coverage as to any future claim. A successful assertion of one
or more large claims against us that exceeds our available insurance coverage or results in changes
in our insurance policies, including premium increases or the imposition of a large deductible or
co-insurance requirement, could adversely affect our operating results and profitability.
Our success depends in large part upon our management team and key personnel and our ability to
attract and retain them.
We are highly dependent on the senior members of our management team. Our future performance will
be affected by any disruptions in the continued service of these persons. We do not maintain key
man life insurance for any of the senior members of our management team or other key personnel,
except for our chief executive officer. Competition for senior management in our industry is
intense, and we may not be able to retain such senior management personnel or attract and retain
new senior management personnel in the future. The loss of any member of our senior management team
or other key personnel may have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations
and financial condition.
Our insiders, who are shareholders, may be able to influence the election of our board and may have
interests which conflict with those of our shareholders or holders of our ADSs.
Our executive officers and directors, together with members of their immediate families,
beneficially owned, in the aggregate approximately 0.17% of our outstanding equity shares as of
June 30, 2008. In addition, two of our executive directors control SRSR Holdings Private Limited,
which holds approximately 8.31% of our outstanding equity shares as of June 30, 2008. As a result,
acting together, this group may be able to exercise influence over most matters requiring our
shareholders approval, including the election and removal of directors and significant corporate
transactions. These insider shareholders may exercise influence even if they are opposed by our
other shareholders and may delay or prevent us from entering into transactions (including the
acquisition of our company by third parties) that may be viewed as beneficial to us and our other
shareholders.
The value of our interest in our subsidiaries may decline.
Satyam BPO, our wholly-owned subsidiary, has experienced losses during each year since its
inception and it is likely that it will continue to experience such losses in the future. Our other
acquired subsidiaries, Citisoft and Knowledge Dynamics have also experienced losses since their
acquisition and they may also incur losses that might have an adverse effect on our operating
results in future periods.
Impairment of goodwill on account of our investments may impact our net income under U.S. GAAP.
We make estimates in the preparation of financial statements including the utility of goodwill.
Changes in such estimates resulting from events, many of which are outside of our control, may
result in the impairment of goodwill which would negatively impact our net income under U.S. GAAP.
Such impact on net income may result in a reduction of the market value of our shares.
25
Stock-based compensation expenses may significantly reduce our net income.
Although we have suspended, except in certain cases, new grants of stock options as of April 1,
2005, our reported income has been and will continue to be affected by the grant of warrants,
options or RSUs under our various employee benefit plans. Under the terms of our existing plans,
some of which have outstanding obligations to grant options in future, employees are typically
granted warrants, options or RSUs to purchase equity shares at a substantial discount to the
current market value. Effective April 1, 2006, we adopted the fair value recognition provisions of
SFAS 123R. We adopted SFAS 123R using the modified prospective transition method, which required
the application of the accounting standard as of April 1, 2006, the first day of our fiscal year
2007. Under this transition method, stock-based compensation expensed for the year ended March 31,
2008 includes
a) |
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compensation expense for all stock-based compensation awards granted prior to, but not yet
vested as of April 1, 2007, based on the grant-date fair value estimated in accordance with
the original provisions of SFAS 123 and |
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b) |
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Stock-based compensation expenses for all stock-based compensation awards granted after
April 1, 2006 is based on the grant-date fair value estimated in accordance with the
provisions of SFAS 123R. In accordance with the modified prospective transition method, our
consolidated financial statements for the prior periods have not been restated to reflect and
do not include, the impact of SFAS 123R. Depending on the grant date fair value and future
grants are made, amortization of deferred stock-based compensation may contribute to reducing
our operating income and net income. Our subsidiaries also have stock option schemes which may
generate stock-based compensation expenses and which have and in the past reduced, and may in
the future reduce our operating income and net income. |
Compliance with new and changing corporate governance and public disclosure requirements adds
uncertainty to our compliance policies and increases our costs of compliance.
Changing laws, regulations and standards relating to accounting, corporate governance and public
disclosure, including the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the SEC, regulations, the New York Stock
Exchange or NYSE, rules, NYSE EURONEXT rules, Financial Markets Supervision Act (FMSA) of The
Netherlands, the Securities and Exchange Board of India, or SEBI, rules, and Indian stock market
listing regulations are creating uncertainty for companies like ours. These new or changed laws,
regulations and standards may lack specificity and are subject to varying interpretations. Their
application in practice may evolve over time, as new guidance is provided by regulatory and
governing bodies. This could result in continuing uncertainty regarding compliance matters and
higher costs of compliance as a result of ongoing revisions to such corporate governance standards.
In particular, our efforts to continue to comply with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
and the related regulations regarding our required assessment of our internal control over
financial reporting and our independent auditors audit of the effectiveness of our internal
control over financial reporting requires the commitment of significant financial and managerial
resources. We consistently assess the adequacy of our internal controls over financial reporting,
remediate any control deficiencies that may be identified, and validate through testing that our
controls are functioning as documented. While currently we do not have any material weaknesses
there can be no assurance that future tests will not result in our independent auditors being
unable to issue unqualified reports on the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial
reporting.
Additionally, under revised corporate governance standards adopted by the Bombay Stock Exchange
Ltd, or BSE, and the National Stock Exchange of India Limited, or NSE, which we collectively refer
to as the Indian Stock Exchanges, we have been required to comply with additional standards from
December 31, 2005. These standards include a certification by our chief executive officer and chief
financial officer that they have evaluated the effectiveness of our internal control systems and
that they have disclosed to our independent auditors and our audit committee any deficiencies in
the design or operation of our internal controls of which they may become aware, as well as any
steps taken or proposed to resolve the deficiencies.
We are committed to maintaining high standards of corporate governance and public disclosure, and
our efforts to comply with evolving laws, regulations and standards in this regard have resulted
in, and are likely to continue to result in, increased general and administrative expenses and a
diversion of management time and attention from revenue-generating activities to compliance
activities. In addition, the new laws, regulations and standards regarding corporate governance may
make it more difficult for us to obtain director and officer liability insurance. Further, our
board members, chief executive officer and chief financial officer could face an increased risk of
personal liability in connection with their performance of duties. As a result, we may face
difficulties attracting and retaining qualified board members and executive officers, which could
harm our business. If we fail to comply with new or changed laws, regulations or standards of
corporate governance, our business and reputation may be harmed.
26
As a foreign private issuer, we are subject to different U.S. securities laws and rules than a
domestic issuer, which may, among other things, limit the information available to holders of our
securities.
As a foreign private issuer, we are subject to requirements under the Securities Act and the
Exchange Act, which are different from the requirements applicable to domestic U.S. issuers. For
example, our officers, directors and principal shareholders are exempt from the reporting and
short-swing profit recovery provisions of Section 16 of the Exchange Act and the rules there
under with respect to their purchases and sales of our equity shares and/or ADSs. The periodic
disclosure required of foreign private issuers is more limited than the periodic disclosure
required of domestic U.S. issuers and therefore there may be less publicly available information
about us than is regularly published by or about U.S. public companies in the United States.
Terrorist attacks or a war could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial
condition.
Terrorist attacks, such as the attacks of September 11, 2001 in the United States, the attacks of
July 7, 2005 in London, the attacks of July 11, 2006 in Mumbai, the attacks of June 30, 2007 in
Glasgow airport, and other acts of violence or war, such as the continuing conflict in Iraq, have
the potential to have a direct impact on our customers. To the extent that such attacks affect or
involve the United States, our business may be significantly impacted, as the majority of our
revenues are derived from customers located in the United States. In addition, such attacks may
make travel more difficult, may make it more difficult to obtain work visas for many of our
associates who are required to work in the United States, and may effectively curtail our ability
to deliver our services to our customers. Such obstacles to operate our business may increase our
expenses and negatively affect the results of our operations. Many of our customers visit several
IT services firms, including their offshore facilities, prior to reaching a decision on vendor
selection. Terrorist threats, attacks or war could make travel to our facilities more difficult for
our customers and may delay, postpone or cancel decisions to use our services.
Risks Related to Investments in Indian Companies
We are incorporated in India, and a substantial portion of our assets and our employees are located
in India. Consequently, our financial performance and the market price of our ADSs will be affected
by changes in exchange rates and controls, interest rates, GoI policies, including taxation
policies, as well as political, social and economic developments affecting India.
The GoI has recently taken actions to curtail or eliminate tax benefits that we have historically
benefited from.
The statutory corporate income tax rate in India is currently 30.0%. This tax rate is presently
subject to a 10.0% surcharge. The amount of tax and surcharge payable is further subject to a 3.0%
education cess, resulting in an effective tax rate of 33.99%. We benefit from tax incentives
provided to software entities such as an exemption from payment of Indian corporate income taxes
until the earlier of fiscal 2010 or 10 consecutive years of operations for software development
facilities designated as Software Technology Parks, or STP units. The benefits of this tax
incentive have historically resulted in our effective tax rate being well below statutory rates.
The exemption for our STP units was reduced from 100.0% to 90.0% from fiscal 2003. The exemption
for two of our STP units in Hyderabad expired at the beginning of fiscal 2006, one STP unit in
Bangalore expired at the beginning of fiscal 2007, one STP unit each in Hyderabad, Chennai, Pune
and Bhubaneswar expired at the beginning of fiscal 2008. The benefit for one STP unit in Hyderabad
expired at the beginning of fiscal 2009 and the remaining thirteen STP units, including five in
Hyderabad, three in Chennai, two in Bangalore and one each in Visakhapatnam, Gurgaon and Pune were
schedule to expire after fiscal 2009. However, the Finance Minister of India recently announced
that the Government of India has extended the tax exemption for STP units by one year to March 31,
2010. Consequently, the exemption for the balance thirteen of our STP units will be extended by one
year and expire in fiscal 2010. We also earn certain other foreign income and domestic income,
which is taxable irrespective of the above tax exemption.
In addition, we are in the process of setting up many offices in various special economic zones
(SEZs) in India which are subject to the SEZ Act, 2005. SEZs have many tax incentives, including
100% exemption from income tax for the first 5 years and 50% for the next 5 years.
When our tax holidays expire or terminate, our tax expense will materially increase, reducing our
profitability. We cannot assure you as to what action the present or future governments of India
will take regarding tax incentives for the IT industry.
27
Foreign investment restrictions under Indian law may adversely impact the value of our ADSs,
including, for example, restrictions that limit your ability to reconvert equity shares into ADSs,
which may cause our equity shares to trade at a discount or premium to the market price of our
ADSs.
Our equity shares are listed and traded on the Indian Stock Exchanges, and they may trade on these
stock exchanges at a discount or premium to the ADSs traded on the NYSE and NYSE EURONEXT, in part
because of restrictions on foreign ownership of the underlying shares. Our ADSs are freely
convertible into our equity shares under the deposit agreement governing their issuance, or the
Deposit Agreement. The Reserve Bank of India, or RBI, prescribes fungibility regulations
permitting, subject to compliance with certain terms and conditions, the reconversion of equity
shares to ADSs provided that such equity shares are purchased from an Indian Stock Exchange through
stock brokers and the actual number of ADSs outstanding after such reconversion is not greater than
the original number of ADSs outstanding. If you elect to surrender your ADSs and receive equity
shares, you will only be able to trade those equity shares on an Indian Stock Exchange and, under
present law, it is unlikely you will be permitted to reconvert those equity shares to ADSs.
Additionally, investors who exchange ADSs for the underlying equity shares and are not holders of
record will be required to declare to us details of the holder of record, and the holder of record
will be required to disclose the details of the beneficial owner. Any investor who fails to comply
with this requirement may be liable for a fine of up to Rs.1,000 for each day such failure
continues. Such restrictions on fungibility of the underlying equity shares to ADSs may cause our
equity shares to trade at a discount or premium to the ADSs.
The sale of equity shares underlying the ADSs by a person not resident in India to a resident of
India does not require the prior approval of the RBI, provided such sales are effected through the
Indian Stock Exchanges. Any sale of such underlying equity shares by a person not resident in India
to a resident of India outside of the Indian Stock Exchanges can, however, be completed without
prior RBI approval, provided such equity shares are transferred based on a pricing formula
established by the Indian foreign exchange laws which set a maximum price requirement for sale of
such equity shares.
Regional conflicts or natural disasters in South Asia and elsewhere could adversely affect the
Indian economy, disrupt our operations and cause our business to suffer.
South Asia has from time to time experienced instances of civil unrest and hostilities among
neighboring countries, including between India and Pakistan. In recent years there have been
military confrontations between India and Pakistan that have occurred in the region of Kashmir and
along the India-Pakistan border. There has also been a recent increase in the incidence of
terrorist attacks in India, including bombings at Delhi, Mumbai and Hyderabad. Military activity or
terrorist attacks in the future could influence the Indian economy by disrupting communications and
making travel more difficult and such political tensions could create a perception that investments
in Indian companies involve higher degrees of risk. This, in turn, could have a material adverse
effect on the market for securities of Indian companies, including our equity shares and our ADSs,
and on the market for our services. In addition, as an international company, our offshore and
onsite operations may be impacted by natural disasters such as earthquakes, tsunamis, floods,
disease and health epidemics. In December 2004, certain parts of India were severely affected by a
tsunami triggered by an earthquake in the Indian Ocean, and in October 2005, certain parts of
northern India, Pakistan and Afghanistan were severely devastated by a major earthquake. Though our
operations were not affected by these disasters, we cannot guarantee that in the future our
operations will not be affected by the effect such natural disasters may have on the economies of
India and other countries in the region.
Political instability could seriously harm business and economic conditions in India generally and
our business in particular.
During the past decade, the GoI has pursued policies of economic liberalization, including
significantly relaxing restrictions on the private sector. Nevertheless, the role of the Indian
central and state governments in the Indian economy as producers, consumers and regulators has
remained significant. The general elections in 2004 for the lower house of the Indian Parliament
resulted in no party winning an absolute majority and a coalition government was formed. We cannot
assure you that these liberalization policies will continue in the future. Government corruption
scandals and protests against privatization could slow down the pace of liberalization and
deregulation. The rate of economic liberalization could change, and specific laws and policies
affecting technology companies, foreign investment, currency exchange rates and other matters
affecting investment in our securities could change as well. A significant change in Indias
economic liberalization and deregulation policies could disrupt business and economic conditions in
India generally and our business in particular.
28
Currency exchange rate fluctuations may affect the value of our ADSs and our financial condition.
Our functional currency is the Indian rupee, although we transact a major portion of our business
in U.S. dollars and several other currencies and accordingly face foreign currency exposure through
our sales in the United States and elsewhere and purchases from overseas suppliers in U.S. dollars
and other currencies. Historically, we have held a substantial majority of our cash funds in
rupees. Accordingly, changes in exchange rates may have a material adverse effect on our revenues,
other income, cost of services sold, gross margin and net income, which may in turn have a negative
impact on our business, operating results and financial condition.
The exchange rate between the rupee and the U.S. dollar has changed substantially in recent years
and may fluctuate substantially in the future. In the three months ended June 30, 2008 and in
fiscal 2008 and fiscal 2007, our U.S. dollar-denominated revenues represented 71.1%, 71.7% and
74.7% respectively, of our total revenues. We expect that a majority of our revenues will continue
to be generated in U.S. dollars for the foreseeable future and that a significant portion of our
expenses, including personnel costs as well as capital and operating expenditures, will continue to
be denominated in rupees. Consequently, our results of operations will be adversely affected to the
extent that the rupee appreciates against the U.S. dollar. Depreciation of the rupee will result in
foreign currency translation losses in respect of foreign currency borrowings, if any.
We have sought to reduce the effect of exchange rate fluctuations on our operating results by
entering into foreign exchange forward and options contracts to cover a portion of outstanding
accounts receivable. As of June 30, 2008 and 2007, we had outstanding forward and options contracts
in the amount of $675.0 million and $743.6 million respectively. We may not be able to purchase
contracts adequate to insulate ourselves from foreign exchange currency risks. Additionally, the
policies of the RBI may change from time to time which may limit our ability to hedge our foreign
currency exposures adequately.
Fluctuations in the exchange rate between the rupee and the U.S. dollar will also affect the U.S.
dollar conversion by our Depositary of any cash dividends paid in rupees on the equity shares
represented by the ADSs. In addition, fluctuations in the exchange rate between the Indian rupee
and the U.S. dollar will affect the U.S. dollar equivalent of the Indian rupee price of our equity
shares on the Indian Stock Exchanges. As a result, these fluctuations are likely to affect the
prices of our ADSs. These fluctuations will also affect the dollar value of the proceeds a holder
would receive upon the sale in India of any equity shares withdrawn from our Depositary under the
deposit agreement. We cannot assure you that holders of ADSs will be able to convert rupee proceeds
into U.S. dollars or any other currency or with respect to the rate at which any such conversion
could occur. In addition, our market valuation could be seriously harmed by the devaluation of the
rupee if U.S. investors analyze our value based on the U.S. dollar equivalent of our financial
condition and results of operations.
Our ability to acquire companies organized outside India as part of our growth strategy depends on
the approval of the GoI and/or the RBI and failure to obtain this approval could negatively impact
our business.
We have developed a growth strategy based on, among other things, expanding our presence in
existing and new markets and selectively pursuing joint venture and acquisition opportunities.
Foreign exchange laws in India presently permit Indian companies to acquire or invest in foreign
companies without any prior governmental approval if the transaction amount does not exceed 400% of
the net worth of the foreign company as of the date of its most recent audited balance sheet. If
consideration for the transaction is paid out of the proceeds of an American Depositary Receipt, or
ADR, or Global Depositary Receipt, or GDR, sale, Indian exchange control laws do not impose any
investment limits. Acquisitions in excess of the 400% net worth threshold require prior RBI
approval. It is possible that any required approval from the RBI may not be obtained. Our failure
to obtain approvals for acquisitions of companies organized outside India may restrict our
international growth, which could negatively affect our business and prospects.
If we are unable to protect our intellectual property rights, or if we infringe on the intellectual
property rights of others, our business may be harmed.
The laws of India do not protect intellectual property rights to the same extent as the laws in the
United States. Further, the global nature of our business makes it difficult for us to control the
ultimate destination of our products and services. The misappropriation or duplication of our
intellectual property could curtail our operations or reduce our profitability.
We rely upon a combination of non-disclosure and other contractual arrangements and copyright,
trade secret and trademark laws to protect our intellectual property rights. Ownership of software
and associated deliverables created for customers is generally retained by or assigned to our
customers, and we do not retain an interest in such software and deliverables.
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We have registered Satyam and other related marks in India and the United States under certain
classes and have applied for the registration of such marks in other jurisdictions where we carry
on business. We currently require our technical associates to enter into non-disclosure and
assignment of rights agreements to limit use of, access to and distribution of confidential and
proprietary information. We cannot assure you that the steps taken by us in this regard will be
adequate to prevent misappropriation of confidential and proprietary information or that we will be
able to detect unauthorized use and take appropriate steps to enforce our intellectual property
rights.
Although we believe that our services and products do not infringe upon the intellectual property
rights of others, we cannot assure you that such a claim will not be asserted against us in the
future. Assertion of such claims against us could result in litigation, and we cannot assure you
that we would prevail in such litigation or be able to obtain a license for the use of any
infringed intellectual property from a third party on reasonable commercial terms.
We expect that the risk of infringement claims against us will increase if more of our competitors
are able to obtain patents for software products and processes. Any such claims, regardless of
their outcome, could result in substantial cost to us and divert the managements attention from
our operations. In the future, litigation may be necessary to enforce our intellectual property
rights or to determine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others. Any infringement
claim or litigation against us could therefore result in substantial costs and diversion of
resources.
Indian laws limit our ability to raise capital outside India and may limit the ability of others to
acquire us, which could prevent us from operating our business or entering into a transaction that
is in the best interests of our shareholders.
Presently, Indian technology companies such as ours are able to raise capital outside of India
without the prior approval of any Indian governmental authority through an ADR or GDR issuance or
an issuance of convertible debt securities so long as the proceeds are kept outside India and used
only for specified permitted purposes, and subject with respect to convertible debt issuances to a
limit of $500 million in any fiscal year. Changes to Indian foreign exchange laws may create
restrictions on our capital raising abilities. For example, a limit on the foreign equity ownership
of Indian technology companies may constrain our ability to seek and obtain additional equity
investment by foreign investors. In addition, these restrictions, if applied to us, may prevent us
from entering into certain transactions, such as an acquisition by a non-Indian company, which
might otherwise be beneficial for us and the holders of our equity shares and ADSs.
Conditions in the Indian securities market may affect the price or liquidity of our equity shares
and our ADSs.
The Indian securities markets are more volatile than securities markets in more developed
economies. The Indian stock exchanges have in the past experienced substantial fluctuations in the
prices of listed securities and the price of our equity shares has been especially volatile.
The Indian Stock Exchanges have also experienced problems that have affected the market price
and liquidity of the securities of Indian companies. These problems have included temporary
exchange closures, the suspension of stock exchange administration, broker defaults, settlement
delays and strikes by brokers. In addition, the governing bodies of the Indian Stock Exchanges
have, from time to time, restricted securities from trading, limited price movements and restricted
margin requirements. Moreover, from time to time, disputes have occurred between listed companies
and stock exchanges and other regulatory bodies, which in some cases may have had a negative effect
on market sentiment. Similar problems could occur in the future and, if they do, they could harm
the market price and liquidity of our equity shares and our ADSs.
It may be difficult for you to enforce any judgment obtained in the United States against us or our
affiliates.
We are incorporated under the laws of the Republic of India. Many of our directors and key
managerial personnel and some of the experts named in this document reside outside the United
States. In addition, virtually all of our assets and the assets of many of these persons are
located outside the United States. As a result, you may be unable to:
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effect service of process upon us outside India or these persons outside the
jurisdiction of their residence; or |
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enforce against us in courts outside of India or these persons outside the jurisdiction
of their residence, judgments obtained in United States courts, including judgments
predicated solely upon the federal securities laws of the United States. |
We have been advised by our Indian counsel, that the United States and India do not currently have
a treaty providing for reciprocal recognition and enforcement of judgments (other than arbitration
awards) in civil and commercial matters. Therefore, a final
30
judgment for the payment of money rendered by any federal or state court in the United States on civil liability, whether or not
predicated solely upon the federal securities laws of the United States, may not be enforceable in
India. However, the party in whose favor such final judgment is rendered may bring a new suit in a competent court in India based on a
final judgment which has been obtained in the United States. If and to the extent Indian courts
were of the opinion that fairness and good faith so required, it would, under current practice,
give binding effect to the final judgment which had been rendered in the United States unless such
a judgment was founded on a claim which breached the laws of India.
You may be subject to Indian taxes arising out of capital gains on the sale of the underlying
equity shares.
Generally, capital gains, whether short-term or long-term, arising from the sale of the underlying
equity shares in India are subject to Indian capital gains tax. For the purpose of computing the
amount of capital gains subject to tax, Indian law specifies that the cost of acquisition of the
equity shares will be deemed to be the share price prevailing on the BSE or the NSE on the date the
Depositary advises the custodian to exchange receipts for underlying equity shares. The period of
holding of such equity shares, for determining whether the gain is long-term or short-term,
commences on the date of the giving of such notice by our Depositary to the custodian. With effect
from October 1, 2004, any gains realized on the sale of listed equity shares held for more than 12
months to an Indian resident, or a non-resident investor in India, will not be subject to Indian
capital gains tax if the securities transaction tax has been paid on the transaction. Investors are
advised to consult their own tax advisors and to consider carefully the potential tax consequences
of an investment in our ADSs.
There may be less company information available in Indian securities markets than securities
markets in other countries.
There is a difference between the level of regulation and monitoring of the Indian securities
markets and the activities of investors, brokers and other participants and that of markets in the
United States and other developed economies. SEBI is responsible for improving disclosure and other
regulatory standards for the Indian securities markets. SEBI has issued regulations and guidelines
on disclosure requirements, insider trading and other matters. There may, however, be less publicly
available information about Indian companies than is regularly made available by public companies
in developed economies.
Risk Related to our ADSs and our Trading Market
Historically, our ADSs have traded at a significant premium to the trading prices of our underlying
equity shares, a situation which may not continue.
Historically, our ADSs have traded on the NYSE at a substantial premium to the trading prices of
our underlying equity shares on the Indian Stock Exchanges. We believe that this price premium has
resulted from the relatively small portion of our market capitalization represented by ADSs,
restrictions imposed by Indian law on the conversion of equity shares into ADSs, and an apparent
preference for some investors to trade U.S. dollar-denominated securities. Over time, some of the
restrictions on the issuance of the ADSs imposed by Indian law have been relaxed and we expect that
other restrictions may be relaxed in the future. As a result, the historical premium enjoyed by
ADSs as compared to equity shares may be reduced or eliminated due to sponsored ADS offering or
similar transactions in the future, a change in Indian law permitting further conversion of equity
shares into ADSs or changes in investor preferences.
You may be restricted in your ability to exercise preemptive rights under Indian law and thereby
may suffer future dilution of your ownership position.
Under the Companies Act, 1956 of India, or the Companies Act, a company incorporated in India must
offer its holders of equity shares preemptive rights to subscribe and pay for a proportionate
number of shares to maintain their existing ownership percentages before the issuance of any new
equity shares, unless the preemptive rights have been waived by adopting a special resolution by
holders of three-fourths of the shares which are voted on the resolution. You may be unable to
exercise preemptive rights for equity shares underlying ADSs unless a registration statement under
the Securities Act is effective with respect to the rights or an exemption from the registration
requirements of the Securities Act is available. Our decision to file a registration statement will
depend on the costs and potential liabilities associated with any given registration statement as
well as the perceived benefits of enabling the holders of our ADSs to exercise their preemptive
rights and any other factors that we deem appropriate to consider at the time the decision must be
made. We may elect not to file a registration statement relating to preemptive rights otherwise
available by law to you. In the case of future issuances, the new securities may be issued to our
Depositary, which may sell the securities for your benefit. The value, if any, our Depositary would
receive upon the sale of such securities cannot be predicted. To
31
the extent that you are unable to exercise preemptive rights granted in respect of the equity shares represented by your ADSs, your
proportional interests in our company would be reduced.
Holders of ADSs may be restricted in their ability to exercise voting rights.
At our request, our Depositary will mail to you any notice of shareholders meeting received from
us together with information explaining how to instruct our Depositary to exercise the voting
rights of the securities represented by ADSs. If our Depositary timely receives voting instructions
from you, it will endeavor to vote the securities represented by your ADSs in accordance with such
voting instructions. However, the ability of our Depositary to carry out voting instructions may be
limited by practical and legal limitations and the terms of the securities on deposit. We cannot
assure you that you will receive voting materials in time to enable you to return voting
instructions to our Depositary in a timely manner. Securities for which no voting instructions have
been received will not be voted.
Under Indian law, subject to the presence in person at a shareholder meeting of persons holding
equity shares representing a quorum, all resolutions proposed to be approved at that meeting are
voted on by a show of hands unless a poll is demanded by a shareholder or shareholders present in
person or by proxy holding at least 10.0% of the total shares entitled to vote on the resolution or
by those holding shares with an aggregate paid up value of at least Rs. 50,000. Equity shares not
represented in person at the meeting, including equity shares underlying ADSs for which a holder
has provided voting instructions to our Depositary, are not counted in a vote by show of hands.
As a result, only in the event that a shareholder present at the meeting demands that a poll be
taken will the votes of ADS holders be counted. Securities for which no voting instructions have
been received will not be voted on a poll. As a foreign private issuer, we are not subject to the
SECs proxy rules, which regulate the form and content of solicitations by U.S.-based issuers of
proxies from their shareholders. To-date, our practice has been to provide advance notice to our
ADS holders of all shareholder meetings and to solicit their vote on such matters through our
Depositary, and we expect to continue this practice. The form of notice and proxy statement that we
have been using does not include all of the information that would be provided under the SECs
proxy rules.
An active or liquid trading market for our ADSs is not assured.
We cannot predict the extent to which an active, liquid public trading market for our ADSs will
exist. Active, liquid trading markets generally result in lower price volatility and more efficient
execution of buy and sell orders for investors. The lack of an active, liquid trading market could
result in the loss of market makers, media attention and analyst coverage. If there is no longer a
market for our equity shares, or if we fail to continue to meet eligibility requirements, we may be
required to delist from the NYSE or NYSE EURONEXT and this may cause our share prices to decrease
significantly. In addition, if there is a prolonged decline in the price of our equity shares, we
may not be able to issue equity securities to fund our growth, which would cause us to limit our
growth or to incur higher cost funding, such as short-term or long-term debt. Liquidity of a
securities market is often a function of the volume of the underlying shares that are publicly held
by unrelated parties. Although you are entitled to withdraw the equity shares underlying the ADSs
from our Depositary at any time, there is no public market for our equity shares in the United
States.
The future sales of securities by our company or existing shareholders may harm the price of our
ADSs or our equity shares.
The market price of our ADSs or our equity shares could decline as a result of sales of a large
number of ADSs or equity shares or the perception that such sales could occur. Such sales also
might make it more difficult for us to sell ADSs or equity securities in the future at a time and
at a price that we deem appropriate. As of June 30, 2008, we had an aggregate of equity shares
outstanding of 670,399,800 (excluding 2,108,720 equity shares held by the Satyam Associate Trust),
which includes underlying equity shares of 130,604,948 represented by 65,302,474 ADSs. In addition,
as of June 30, 2008 we had outstanding options to purchase approximately 19,759,241 of our equity
shares. All ADSs are freely tradable, other than ADSs purchased by our affiliates. The remaining
equity shares outstanding may be sold in the United States only pursuant to a registration
statement under the Securities Act or an exemption from the registration requirements of the
Securities Act.
Item 3: Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure about Market Risk
Our currency, maturity and interest rate information relative to our short-term and long-term debt
are disclosed in Note. 12 Borrowings to our consolidated financial statements.
32
The table below provides information about our financial instruments that are sensitive to changes
in interest rates and foreign currencies as of the dates shown. Weighted average variable rates
were based on average interest rates applicable to the loans. The information is presented in U.S.
dollars, which is our reporting currency, based on the applicable exchange rates as of the relevant
period end. Actual cash flows are denominated in various currencies, including U.S. dollars and
Indian rupees.
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|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As at June 30, |
|
|
|
2008 |
|
|
2007 |
|
|
|
(unaudited) |
|
|
(unaudited) |
|
|
|
Total Recorded |
|
|
Total Recorded |
|
|
|
Amount |
|
|
Fair Value |
|
|
Amount |
|
|
Fair Value |
|
|
|
( dollars in millions) |
|
Debt: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Variable rate short-term debt |
|
$ |
27.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
18.4 |
|
|
$ |
18.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
18.4 |
|
Average interest rate |
|
|
|
|
|
|
9.21 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7.24 |
% |
|
|
|
|
Variable rate long term debt |
|
|
16.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
16.0 |
|
|
|
21.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
21.1 |
|
Average interest rate |
|
|
|
|
|
|
8.46 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7.45 |
% |
|
|
|
|
Fixed rate long-term debt |
|
|
6.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7.1 |
|
|
|
4.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4.5 |
|
Average interest rate |
|
|
|
|
|
|
10.97 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6.37 |
% |
|
|
|
|
Limitations
Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time and are based on relevant market
information about the financial instrument. These estimates are subjective in nature and involve
uncertainties and matters of significant judgment and therefore cannot be determined with
precision. Changes in assumptions could significantly affect the estimates.
We also face market risk relating to foreign exchange rate fluctuations, principally relating to
the fluctuation of U.S. dollar to Indian rupee exchange rate. Our foreign exchange risk principally
arises from accounts payable to overseas vendors. This risk is partially mitigated as we have
receipts in foreign currency from overseas customers and hold balances in foreign currency with
overseas banks.
During the three months ended June 30, 2008 and fiscal 2008, 97.0 % and 96.8 %, respectively, of
our total revenues were generated outside of India. Using sensitivity analysis, a hypothetical 10%
increase in the value of the Indian rupee against all other currencies would decrease revenue by
2.9%, or $18.5 million, in the three months ended June 30, 2008, 2.8%, or $60.6 million, in fiscal
2008 while a hypothetical 10% decrease in the value of the Indian rupee against all other currency
would increase revenue by 2.9% or $18.5 million, in the three months ended June 30, 2008, 2.8%, or
$60.6 million in fiscal 2008.
We had outstanding forward and options contract amounting to $675.0 million and $1,133.1 million as
at June 30, 2008 and fiscal 2008 respectively. Gains/ (losses) on outstanding forward and options
contracts amounted to $(53.5) million and $(2.3) million during the three months ended June 30,
2008 and in fiscal 2008, respectively. Using sensitivity analysis, a hypothetical 1% increase in
the value of the Indian rupee against all other currencies would decrease these gains by $3.5
million in the three months ended June 30, 2008 and by $0.6 million in fiscal 2008 while a
hypothetical 1% decrease in the value of the Indian rupee against all other currency would increase
these gains by $3.5 million in the three months ended June 30, 2008 and by $0.6 million in fiscal
2008.
In the opinion of management, a substantial portion of this fluctuation would be offset by expenses
incurred in local currencies. As a result, the aggregate of the hypothetical movement described
above of the value of the Indian rupee against all other currencies in either direction would have
impacted our earnings before interest and taxes by $22.0 million during the three months ended June
30, 2008 and $61.2 million in fiscal 2008. This amount would be offset, in part, from the impacts
of local income taxes and local currency interest expense. As of June 30, 2008, we had
approximately $341.9 million of non-Indian rupee denominated cash and cash equivalents.
Item 4: Controls and Procedures
Not applicable.
33
PART II OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
Satyam and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis are not currently a party to any material legal
proceedings.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
In May 2001, we completed an offering of 16,675,000 ADSs (representing 33,350,000 equity shares) at
a price of $9.71 per ADS. We received approximately $150.6 million in cash, net of underwriting
discounts, commissions and other offering costs. Our Securities Act registration statement on Form
F-1 with respect to the offering was declared effective by the SEC on May 14, 2001 (Registration
No. 333-13464). As of December 31, 2007, the entire $150.6 million of these proceeds had been used
for prepayment of loans ($26.9 million); strategic investments in our subsidiaries ($39.3 million);
development of facilities and infrastructure ($58.5 million) and working capital and general
corporate purposes ($25.9 million). None of the net proceeds from our ADS offering were paid,
directly or indirectly, to any of our directors, officers or general partners or any of their
associates, or to any persons owning ten percent or more of any class of our equity securities, or
any affiliates.
Item 3. Default Upon Senior Securities
None
Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders
None
Item 5. Other Information
None
Item 6. Exhibits and Reports
EX-99.1 Press Release of the Company, dated July 18, 2008, concerning financial results
EX-99.2 Summary of Financial Results of the Company, dated July 18, 2008.
EX-99.3 Investor Link News Update of the Company dated July 18, 2008.
EX-99.4 Unconsolidated/standalone financial statements for the quarter ended June 30, 2008 as per Indian GAAP (audited).
EX-99.5 Consolidated financial statements for the quarter ended June 30, 2008 as per Indian GAAP (unaudited).
EX-99.6 Consolidated financial statements for the quarter ended June 30, 2008 as per IFRS (unaudited).
EX-99.7 Consolidated financial statements for the quarter ended June 30, 2008 as per US GAAP (unaudited).
34
SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly
caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, there under duly authorized.
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Satyam Computer Services Ltd.
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/s/ G. Jayaraman
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Name: |
G. Jayaraman |
|
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Title: |
Global Head Corp. Governance
& Company Secretary |
Date: July 24, 2008
35