Document
Table of Contents

 
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
 
 
Form 10-Q
 
 (Mark One)
ý
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2018
o
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from                      to                     
Commission File Number 1-11689 
 
 
Fair Isaac Corporation
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
 
 
Delaware
94-1499887
(State or other jurisdiction of
(I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization)
Identification No.)
 
 
181 Metro Drive, Suite 700
San Jose, California
95110-1346
(Address of principal executive offices)
(Zip Code)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: 408-535-1500
 
 
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ý    No  o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  ý    No  o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large Accelerated Filer
ý
Accelerated Filer
o
 
 
 
 
Non-Accelerated Filer
o
Smaller Reporting Company
o
 
 
 
 
 
 
Emerging Growth Company
o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    ¨  Yes    ý  No
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o
The number of shares of common stock outstanding on April 13, 2018 was 29,840,374 (excluding 59,016,409 shares held by us as treasury stock).
 

Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 1.
Item 2.
Item 3.
Item 4.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 1.
Item 1A.
Item 2.
Item 3.
Item 4.
Item 5.
Item 6.
 



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PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
FAIR ISAAC CORPORATION
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Unaudited)
 
March 31,
2018
 
September 30,
2017
 
(In thousands, except par value data)
Assets
 
 
 
Current assets:
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
$
107,868

 
$
105,618

Accounts receivable, net
188,538

 
168,586

Prepaid expenses and other current assets
36,813

 
36,727

Total current assets
333,219

 
310,931

Marketable securities
16,134

 
13,791

Other investments
11,778

 
11,724

Property and equipment, net
45,111

 
40,703

Goodwill
813,107

 
804,414

Intangible assets, net
18,151

 
21,185

Deferred income taxes
41,383

 
47,204

Other assets
12,012

 
5,668

Total assets
$
1,290,895

 
$
1,255,620

Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
 
 
 
Current liabilities:
 
 
 
Accounts payable
$
23,539

 
$
19,510

Accrued compensation and employee benefits
57,294

 
77,610

Other accrued liabilities
31,695

 
32,104

Deferred revenue
65,018

 
55,431

Current maturities on debt
191,000

 
142,000

Total current liabilities
368,546

 
326,655

Long-term debt
512,868

 
462,801

Other liabilities
38,778

 
39,627

Total liabilities
920,192

 
829,083

Commitments and contingencies

 

Stockholders’ equity:
 
 
 
Preferred stock ($0.01 par value; 1,000 shares authorized; none issued and outstanding)
—

 
—

Common stock ($0.01 par value; 200,000 shares authorized, 88,857 shares issued and 29,835 and 30,243 shares outstanding at March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017, respectively)
298

 
302

Paid-in-capital
1,176,905

 
1,195,431

Treasury stock, at cost (59,022 and 58,614 shares at March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017, respectively)
(2,410,171
)
 
(2,301,097
)
Retained earnings
1,657,969

 
1,598,395

Accumulated other comprehensive loss
(54,298
)
 
(66,494
)
Total stockholders’ equity
370,703

 
426,537

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
$
1,290,895

 
$
1,255,620


See accompanying notes.

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FAIR ISAAC CORPORATION
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(Unaudited)

 
Quarter Ended March 31,
 
Six Months Ended March 31,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
 
(In thousands, except per share data)
Revenues:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Transactional and maintenance
$
195,195

 
$
161,249

 
$
369,857

 
$
314,909

Professional services
46,078

 
41,284

 
88,704

 
84,827

License
16,585

 
25,845

 
34,618

 
48,242

Total revenues
257,858

 
228,378

 
493,179

 
447,978

Operating expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cost of revenues *
78,519

 
72,131

 
152,878

 
142,128

Research and development
32,519

 
26,663

 
61,493

 
52,805

Selling, general and administrative *
97,057

 
86,231

 
187,353

 
171,445

Amortization of intangible assets *
1,684

 
3,312

 
3,472

 
6,632

Total operating expenses
209,779

 
188,337

 
405,196

 
373,010

Operating income
48,079

 
40,041

 
87,983

 
74,968

Interest expense, net
(7,116
)
 
(6,578
)
 
(13,576
)
 
(12,750
)
Other income (expense), net
(161
)
 
(327
)
 
352

 
(427
)
Income before income taxes
40,802

 
33,136

 
74,759

 
61,791

Provision for income taxes
8,527

 
8,052

 
15,185

 
(1,194
)
Net income
32,275

 
25,084

 
59,574

 
62,985

Other comprehensive income (loss):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign currency translation adjustments
9,125

 
6,089

 
12,196

 
(8,258
)
Comprehensive income
$
41,400

 
$
31,173

 
$
71,770

 
$
54,727

Earnings per share:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
$
1.08

 
$
0.81

 
$
1.98

 
$
2.03

Diluted
$
1.03

 
$
0.78

 
$
1.90

 
$
1.94

Shares used in computing earnings per share:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
29,985

 
31,017

 
30,032

 
31,003

Diluted
31,300

 
32,260

 
31,431

 
32,398

 
 
* Cost of revenues and selling, general and administrative expenses exclude the amortization of intangible assets. See Note 4.
See accompanying notes.


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FAIR ISAAC CORPORATION
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(Unaudited)
(In thousands, except per share data)
 
 
Common Stock
 
 
 
 
 
Retained Earnings
 
Accumulated Other
Comprehensive Loss
 
Total
Stockholders’ Equity
 
Shares
 
Par Value
 
Paid-in-Capital
 
Treasury Stock
 
 
 
Balance at September 30, 2017
30,243

 
$
302

 
$
1,195,431

 
$
(2,301,097
)
 
$
1,598,395

 
$
(66,494
)
 
$
426,537

Share-based compensation
—

 
—

 
35,749

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
35,749

Issuance of treasury stock under employee stock plans
388

 
4

 
(54,275
)
 
15,529

 
—

 
—

 
(38,742
)
Repurchases of common stock
(796
)
 
(8
)
 
—

 
(124,603
)
 
—

 
—

 
(124,611
)
Net income
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
59,574

 
—

 
59,574

Foreign currency translation adjustments
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
12,196

 
12,196

Balance at March 31, 2018
29,835

 
$
298

 
$
1,176,905

 
$
(2,410,171
)
 
$
1,657,969

 
$
(54,298
)
 
$
370,703

See accompanying notes.


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FAIR ISAAC CORPORATION
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited)
 
Six Months Ended March 31,
 
2018
 
2017
 
(In thousands)
Cash flows from operating activities:
 
 
 
Net income
$
59,574

 
$
62,985

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
 
 
 
Depreciation and amortization
15,095

 
18,236

Share-based compensation
35,749

 
29,231

Deferred income taxes
6,041

 
—

Net gain on marketable securities

(198
)
 
—

Provision for doubtful accounts, net
482

 
925

Net loss on sales of property and equipment
27

 
10

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
 
 
 
Accounts receivable
(17,582
)
 
23,710

Prepaid expenses and other assets
(6,225
)
 
(27,415
)
Accounts payable
(515
)
 
(3,534
)
Accrued compensation and employee benefits
(20,650
)
 
(22,671
)
Other liabilities
(252
)
 
(3,487
)
Deferred revenue
6,464

 
21,407

Net cash provided by operating activities
78,010

 
99,397

Cash flows from investing activities:
 
 
 
Purchases of property and equipment
(11,111
)
 
(9,604
)
Proceeds from sales of marketable securities
2,383

 
—

Purchases of marketable securities
(4,528
)
 
—

Net cash used in investing activities
(13,256
)
 
(9,604
)
Cash flows from financing activities:
 
 
 
Proceeds from revolving line of credit
147,000

 
79,000

Payments on revolving line of credit
(48,000
)
 
(24,000
)
Payments on debt issuance costs

(240
)
 
—

Proceeds from issuance of treasury stock under employee stock plans
1,706

 
9,114

Taxes paid related to net share settlement of equity awards
(40,448
)
 
(36,914
)
Dividends paid
—

 
(1,238
)
Repurchases of common stock
(124,715
)
 
(74,647
)
Net cash used in financing activities
(64,697
)
 
(48,685
)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash
2,193

 
(1,186
)
Increase in cash and cash equivalents
2,250

 
39,922

Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period
105,618

 
75,926

Cash and cash equivalents, end of period
$
107,868

 
$
115,848

Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:
 
 
 
Cash paid for income taxes, net of refunds
$
6,669

 
$
21,557

Cash paid for interest
$
13,324

 
$
12,377

Supplemental disclosures of non-cash investing and financing activities:
 
 
 
Purchase of property and equipment included in accounts payable
$
6,006

 
$
2,757

Unsettled repurchases of common stock
$
5,557

 
$
—

See accompanying notes.

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FAIR ISAAC CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
1. Nature of Business
Fair Isaac Corporation
Incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware, Fair Isaac Corporation (“FICO”) is a provider of analytic, software and data management products and services that enable businesses to automate, improve and connect decisions. FICO provides a range of analytical solutions, credit scoring and credit account management products and services to banks, credit reporting agencies, credit card processing agencies, insurers, retailers, telecommunications providers, pharmaceutical companies, healthcare organizations, public agencies and organizations in other industries.
In these condensed consolidated financial statements, Fair Isaac Corporation is referred to as “FICO,” “we,” “us,” “our,” or “the Company.”
Principles of Consolidation and Basis of Presentation
We have prepared the accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and the applicable accounting guidance. Consequently, we have not necessarily included all information and footnotes required for audited financial statements. In our opinion, the accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, except as otherwise indicated) necessary for a fair presentation of our financial position and results of operations. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto presented in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2017. The interim financial information contained in this report is not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for any other interim period or for the entire fiscal year.
The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of FICO and its subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.
Use of Estimates
We make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and the disclosures made in the accompanying notes. For example, we use estimates in determining the collectability of accounts receivable; the appropriate levels of various accruals; labor hours in connection with fixed-fee service contracts; the amount of our tax provision and the realizability of deferred tax assets. We also use estimates in determining the remaining economic lives and carrying values of acquired intangible assets, property and equipment, and other long-lived assets. In addition, we use assumptions to estimate the fair value of reporting units and share-based compensation. Actual results may differ from our estimates.

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New Accounting Pronouncements
In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)” (“ASU 2014-09”). ASU 2014-09 requires an entity to recognize the amount of revenue to which it expects to be entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers. ASU 2014-09 will replace most existing revenue recognition guidance in U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles when it becomes effective and permits the use of either the retrospective or cumulative effect transition method. The guidance also requires additional disclosure about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from customer contracts. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU No 2015-14, “Deferral of the Effective Date” (“ASU 2015-14”), which defers the effective date for ASU 2014-09 by one year. For public entities, the guidance in ASU 2014-09 will be effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017 (including interim reporting periods within those periods), which means it will be effective for our fiscal year beginning October 1, 2018. Early adoption is permitted to the original effective date of December 15, 2016 (including interim reporting periods within those periods). In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-08, “Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue versus Net)” (“ASU 2016-08”), which clarifies the implementation guidance on principal versus agent considerations in the new revenue recognition standard. In April 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-10, “Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing” (“ASU 2016-10”), which reduces the complexity when applying the guidance for identifying performance obligations and improves the operability and understandability of the license implementation guidance. In May 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-12 “Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients” (“ASU 2016-12”), which amends the guidance on transition, collectability, noncash consideration and the presentation of sales and other similar taxes. In December 2016, the FASB further issued ASU 2016-20, “Technical Corrections and Improvements to Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (“ASU 2016-20”), which makes minor corrections or minor improvements to the Codification that are not expected to have a significant effect on current accounting practice or create a significant administrative cost to most entities. The amendments are intended to address implementation issues that were raised by stakeholders and provide additional practical expedients to reduce the cost and complexity of applying the new revenue standard. These amendments have the same effective date as the new revenue standard.
We have established a cross-functional implementation team consisting of representatives across the organization to address the scope of work required to implement the recognition and disclosure requirements under the new standard. This cross-functional implementation team has developed a project plan, which includes evaluating customer contracts across the organization, developing policies, processes and tools to report financial results, and implementing and evaluating our internal controls over financial reporting that will be necessary under the new standard. We currently plan to adopt Topic 606 in the first quarter of our fiscal 2019 using the retrospective transition method. Our ability to adopt Topic 606 using the full retrospective method is dependent on system readiness, and the completion of our analysis of information necessary to restate prior period financial statements. As we continue to assess the new standard along with industry trends and additional interpretive guidance, we may adjust our implementation plan accordingly.
We are continuing to assess the impact of adopting Topic 606 on our consolidated financial statements and believe the new standard will impact the following policies and disclosures:
•
Timing of revenue recognition of license revenue on term licenses and transactional revenue on guaranteed minimum fees related to our on-premises software products. Under the new standard, we expect to recognize revenue when control of the license is transferred to the customer, rather than at the date payments become due and payable or ratably over the term of the contract required under the current standard;
•
Presentation of contract balances. Under the new standard, when we enter into noncancellable contracts that provide unconditional rights to payment from our customers for services that we have not yet completed providing or services we will provide in the near future, we expect to present the unconditional rights as receivables, regardless of whether cash has been received from customers;
•
Required disclosures including information about remaining transaction price and when we expect to recognize revenue; and
•
Accounting for commissions under the new standard will result in the deferral of incremental commission costs for obtaining contracts.
We do not currently expect Topic 606 to have a significant effect on the timing of revenue recognition for our maintenance or professional services revenues, or SaaS contracts.

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In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-16, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory” (“ASU 2016-16”). ASU 2016-16 requires an entity to recognize the income tax consequences of an intra-entity transfer of an asset, other than inventory, when the transfer occurs. The guidance is effective for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2017, which means it will be effective for our fiscal year beginning October 1, 2018. ASU 2016-16 should be applied on a modified retrospective basis through a cumulative-effect adjustment directly to retained earnings at the beginning of the period of adoption. Early adoption is permitted as of the beginning of an annual reporting period for which financial statements (interim or annual) have not been issued. We do not believe that adoption of ASU 2016-16 will have a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements.
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842)” (“ASU 2016-02”), which requires lessees to put most leases on their balance sheets but recognize the expenses on their income statements in a manner similar to current practice. ASU 2016-02 states that a lessee would recognize a lease liability for the obligation to make lease payments and a right-to-use asset for the right to use the underlying asset for the lease term. ASU 2016-02 is effective for fiscal years and interim periods within those fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, which means it will be effective for our fiscal year beginning October 1, 2019. Early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the timing of our adoption and the impact that the updated standard will have on our consolidated financial statements.
2. Fair Value Measurements
Fair value is defined as the price that would be received from the sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. The accounting guidance establishes a three-level hierarchy for disclosure that is based on the extent and level of judgment used to estimate the fair value of assets and liabilities.
 
•
Level 1 - uses unadjusted quoted prices that are available in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Our Level 1 assets are comprised of money market funds and certain equity securities.
•
Level 2 - uses inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are either directly or indirectly observable through correlation with market data. These include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active; and inputs to valuation models or other pricing methodologies that do not require significant judgment because the inputs used in the model, such as interest rates and volatility, can be corroborated by readily observable market data. We do not have any assets that are valued using inputs identified under a Level 2 hierarchy as of March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017.
•
Level 3 - uses one or more significant inputs that are unobservable and supported by little or no market activity, and that reflect the use of significant management judgment. Level 3 assets and liabilities include those whose fair value measurements are determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies or similar valuation techniques, and significant management judgment or estimation. We do not have any assets or liabilities that are valued using inputs identified under a Level 3 hierarchy as of March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017.
The following tables represent financial assets that we measured at fair value on a recurring basis at March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017:

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March 31, 2018
Active Markets for
Identical Instruments
(Level 1)
 
Fair Value as of March 31, 2018
 
(In thousands)
Assets:
 
 
 
Cash equivalents (1)
$
11,237

 
$
11,237

Marketable securities (2)
16,134

 
16,134

Total
$
27,371

 
$
27,371

 
 
 
 
September 30, 2017
Active Markets for
Identical Instruments
(Level 1)
 
Fair Value as of September 30, 2017
 
(In thousands)
Assets:
 
 
 
Cash equivalents (1)
$
15,295

 
$
15,295

Marketable securities (2)
13,791

 
13,791

Total
$
29,086

 
$
29,086

(1)
Included in cash and cash equivalents on our condensed consolidated balance sheet at March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017. Not included in these tables are cash deposits of $96.6 million and $90.3 million at March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017, respectively.
(2)
Represents securities held under a supplemental retirement and savings plan for senior management employees, which are distributed upon termination or retirement of the employees. Included in marketable securities on our condensed consolidated balance sheet at March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017.
Where applicable, we use quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities to determine fair value. This pricing applies to our Level 1 investments. To the extent quoted prices in active markets for assets or liabilities are not available, the valuation techniques used to measure the fair values of our financial assets incorporate market inputs, which include reported trades, broker/dealer quotes, benchmark yields, issuer spreads, benchmark securities and other inputs derived from or corroborated by observable market data. This methodology would apply to our Level 2 investments. We have not changed our valuation techniques in measuring the fair value of any financial assets and liabilities during the period.
For the fair value of our derivative instruments and senior notes, see Note 3 and Note 7, respectively.
3. Derivative Financial Instruments
We use derivative instruments to manage risks caused by fluctuations in foreign exchange rates. The primary objective of our derivative instruments is to protect the value of foreign-currency-denominated receivable and cash balances from the effects of volatility in foreign exchange rates that might occur prior to conversion to their respective functional currencies. We principally utilize foreign currency forward contracts, which enable us to buy and sell foreign currencies in the future at fixed exchange rates and economically offset changes in foreign exchange rates. We routinely enter into contracts to offset exposures denominated in the British pound, Euro, and Singapore dollar.
Foreign-currency-denominated receivable and cash balances are remeasured at foreign exchange rates in effect on the balance sheet date with the effects of changes in foreign exchange rates reported in other income (expense), net. The forward contracts are not designated as hedges and are marked to market through other income (expense), net. Fair value changes in the forward contracts help mitigate the changes in the value of the remeasured receivable and cash balances attributable to changes in foreign exchange rates. The forward contracts are short-term in nature and typically have average maturities at inception of less than three months.
The following tables summarize our outstanding foreign currency forward contracts, by currency, at March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017:

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March 31, 2018
 
Contract Amount
 
Fair Value
 
Foreign
Currency
 
US$
 
US$
 
(In thousands)
Sell foreign currency:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Euro (EUR)
EUR 
5,250

 
$
6,506

 
$
—

Buy foreign currency:
 
 
 
 
 
 
British pound (GBP)
GBP 
6,556

 
$
9,250

 
$
—

Singapore dollar (SGD)

SGD
8,363

 
$
6,400

 
$
—

 
September 30, 2017
 
Contract Amount
 
Fair Value
 
Foreign
Currency
 
US$
 
US$
 
(In thousands)
Sell foreign currency:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Euro (EUR)
EUR 
5,050

 
$
5,968

 
$
—

Buy foreign currency:
 
 
 
 
 
 
British pound (GBP)
GBP 
9,341

 
$
12,500

 
$
—

The foreign currency forward contracts were entered into on March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017, respectively; therefore, their fair value was $0 on each of these dates.
Gains (losses) on derivative financial instruments are recorded in our condensed consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income as a component of other income (expense), net, and consisted of the following: 
 
Quarter Ended March 31,
 
Six Months Ended March 31,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
 
(In thousands)
Gains (losses) on foreign currency forward contracts
$
425

 
$
55

 
$
619

 
$
(505
)
4. Goodwill and Intangible Assets
Amortization expense associated with our intangible assets, which has been reflected as a separate operating expense caption within the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income, consisted of the following: 
 
Quarter Ended March 31,
 
Six Months Ended March 31,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
 
(In thousands)
Cost of revenues
$
615

 
$
1,687

 
$
1,321

 
$
3,373

Selling, general and administrative expenses
1,069

 
1,625

 
2,151

 
3,259

 
$
1,684

 
$
3,312

 
$
3,472

 
$
6,632


Cost of revenues reflects our amortization of completed technology and selling, general and administrative expenses reflects our amortization of other intangible assets. Intangible assets, gross were $111.5 million and $114.5 million as of March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017, respectively.

Estimated future intangible asset amortization expense associated with intangible assets existing at March 31, 2018 was as follows (in thousands):

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Year Ended September 30,
 
2018 (excluding the six months ended March 31, 2018)
$
3,206

2019
6,207

2020
3,744

2021
2,463

2022
2,314

Thereafter
217


$
18,151

The following table summarizes changes to goodwill during the six months ended March 31, 2018, both in total and as allocated to our segments:
 
Applications
 
Scores
 
Decision Management Software
 
Total
 
(In thousands)
Balance at September 30, 2017
$
588,288

 
$
146,648

 
$
69,478

 
$
804,414

Foreign currency translation adjustment
7,959

 
—

 
734

 
8,693

Balance at March 31, 2018
$
596,247

 
$
146,648

 
$
70,212

 
$
813,107

5. Composition of Certain Financial Statement Captions
The following table summarizes property and equipment, and the related accumulated depreciation and amortization, at March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017:
 
March 31,
2018
 
September 30,
2017
 
(In thousands)
Property and equipment
$
149,877

 
$
135,360

Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization
(104,766
)
 
(94,657
)
 
$
45,111

 
$
40,703

6. Revolving Line of Credit
We have a $600 million unsecured revolving line of credit with a syndicate of banks that expires on December 30, 2019. Proceeds from the credit facility can be used for working capital and general corporate purposes and may also be used for the refinancing of existing debt, acquisitions and the repurchase of our common stock. Interest on amounts borrowed under the credit facility is based on (i) a base rate, which is the greater of (a) the prime rate, (b) the Federal Funds rate plus 0.500% and (c) the one-month LIBOR rate plus 1.000%, plus, in each case, an applicable margin, or (ii) an adjusted LIBOR rate plus an applicable margin. The applicable margin for base rate borrowings ranges from 0% to 0.875% and for LIBOR borrowings ranges from 1.000% to 1.875%, and is determined based on our consolidated leverage ratio. In addition, we must pay credit facility fees. The credit facility contains certain restrictive covenants including maintaining a minimum fixed charge ratio of 2.5 and a maximum consolidated leverage ratio of 3.0, subject to a step up to 3.5 following certain permitted acquisitions. The credit agreement also contains other covenants typical of unsecured facilities. As of March 31, 2018, we had $460.0 million in borrowings outstanding at a weighted average interest rate of 2.973%, of which $400.0 million was classified as a long-term liability and recorded in long-term debt within the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. We were in compliance with all financial covenants under this credit facility as of March 31, 2018. Depending on market conditions, we may refinance some of our debt in 2018.

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7. Senior Notes
On May 7, 2008, we issued $275 million of senior notes in a private placement to a group of institutional investors (the “2008 Senior Notes”). The 2008 Senior Notes were issued in four series with maturities ranging from 5 to 10 years. The outstanding 2008 Senior Notes’ weighted average interest rate is 7.2% and the weighted average maturity is 10.0 years. On July 14, 2010, we issued $245 million of senior notes in a private placement to a group of institutional investors (the “2010 Senior Notes” and, with the 2008 Senior Notes, the “Senior Notes”). The 2010 Senior Notes were issued in four series with maturities ranging from 6 to 10 years. The outstanding 2010 Senior Notes’ weighted average interest rate is 5.6% and the weighted average maturity is 9.8 years. The Senior Notes require interest payments semi-annually and contain certain restrictive covenants, including the maintenance of consolidated net debt to consolidated EBITDA ratio and a fixed charge coverage ratio. The purchase agreements for the Senior Notes also contain certain covenants typical of unsecured facilities. As of March 31, 2018, we were in compliance with all financial covenants.
The following table presents the carrying amounts and fair values for the Senior Notes at March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017:
 
March 31, 2018
 
September 30, 2017
 
Carrying
Amounts
 
Fair Value
 
Carrying
Amounts
 
Fair Value
 
(In thousands)
The 2008 Senior Notes
$
131,000

 
$
131,527

 
$
131,000

 
$
134,250

The 2010 Senior Notes
113,000

 
116,601

 
113,000

 
119,106

Debt issuance costs
(132
)
 
(132
)
 
(199
)
 
(199
)
       Total
$
243,868

 
$
247,996

 
$
243,801

 
$
253,157

We measure the fair value of the Senior Notes based on Level 2 inputs, which include quoted market prices and interest rate spreads of similar securities.
8. Restructuring Expenses
The following table summarizes our restructuring accruals related to facility closures and employee separation charges. The current portion and non-current portion is recorded in other accrued current liabilities and other long-term liabilities, respectively, within the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. The balance for all the facilities charges will be paid by the end of fiscal 2020. The balance for all the employee separation costs was paid before the end of the second quarter of fiscal 2018.

 
Accrual at
 
Cash
Payments
 
Accrual at
 
September 30, 2017
 
 
March 31, 2018
 
(In thousands)
Facilities charges
$
8,120

 
$
(1,417
)
 
$
6,703

Employee separation
185

 
(185
)
 
—

 
8,305

 
$
(1,602
)
 
6,703

Less: current portion
(3,077
)
 
 
 
(3,592
)
Non-current
$
5,228

 
 
 
$
3,111

9. Income Taxes
Effective Tax Rate
The effective income tax rate was 20.9% and 24.3% during the quarters ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and 20.3% and (1.9)% during the six months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The provision for income taxes during interim quarterly reporting periods is based on our estimates of the effective tax rates for the full fiscal year. The effective tax rate in any quarter can also be affected positively or negatively by adjustments that are required to be reported in the specific quarter of resolution.

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The effective tax rate for the six months ended March 31, 2018 was significantly impacted by recording the impact of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”), enacted on December 22, 2017 by the U.S. government. The Tax Act makes broad and complex changes to the U.S. tax code that will affect our fiscal year ended September 30, 2018, including, but not limited to, (1) reducing the U.S. federal corporate tax rate and (2) requiring a one-time transition tax on certain un-repatriated earnings of foreign subsidiaries that is payable over eight years.
The Tax Act reduces the federal corporate tax rate to 21.0% effective January 1, 2018. In accordance with Section 15 of the Internal Revenue Code, we will utilize a blended rate of 24.5% for our fiscal 2018 tax year, by applying a prorated percentage of the number of days prior to and subsequent to the January 1, 2018 effective date. We recorded provisional charges for the re-measurement of the deferred tax assets of $5.6 million to our income tax expense related to long-term deferred tax assets and $3.0 million related to short-term deferred tax assets during the six months ended March 31, 2018.
The Deemed Repatriation Transition Tax (the “Transition Tax”) is a tax on previously untaxed accumulated earnings and profits (“E&P”) of certain of our foreign subsidiaries. To determine the amount of the Transition Tax, we must determine, in addition to other factors, the amount of post-1986 E&P of the relevant subsidiaries, as well as the amount of non-U.S. income taxes paid on such earnings. As of March 31, 2018, we are able to make a reasonable estimate and recorded a provisional Transition Tax obligation of $4.9 million.
On December 22, 2017, the SEC issued Staff Accounting Bulletin (“SAB 118”), which provides guidance on accounting for tax effects of the Tax Act. SAB 118 provides a measurement period that should not extend beyond one year from the Tax Act enactment date for companies to complete the accounting under ASC 740. In accordance with SAB 118, a company must reflect the income tax effects of those aspects of the Act for which the accounting under ASC 740 is complete. To the extent that a company’s accounting for certain income tax effects of the Tax Act is incomplete but it is able to determine a reasonable estimate, it must record a provisional estimate to be included in the financial statements. If a company cannot determine a provisional estimate to be included in the financial statements, it should continue to apply ASC 740 on the basis of the provision of the tax laws that were in effect immediately before the enactment of the Tax Act. While we are able to make reasonable estimates of the impact of the reduction in corporate rate and the deemed repatriation transition tax, the final impact of the Tax Act may differ from these estimates, due to, among other things, changes in our interpretations and assumptions, additional guidance that may be issued by the I.R.S., and actions we may take. We are continuing to gather additional information to determine the final impact.
The total unrecognized tax benefit for uncertain tax positions is estimated to be $6.4 million and $6.5 million at March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017, respectively. We recognize interest expense related to unrecognized tax benefits and penalties as part of the provision for income taxes in our condensed consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income. We have accrued interest of $0.5 million and $0.4 million related to unrecognized tax benefits as of March 31, 2018 and September 30, 2017, respectively.
10. Earnings per Share
The following table presents reconciliations for the numerators and denominators of basic and diluted earnings per share (“EPS”) for the quarters and six-month periods ended March 31, 2018 and 2017: 
 
Quarter Ended March 31,
 
Six Months Ended March 31,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
 
(In thousands, except per share data)
Numerator for diluted and basic earnings per share:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net Income
$
32,275

 
$
25,084

 
$
59,574

 
$
62,985

Denominator - share:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic weighted-average shares
29,985

 
31,017

 
30,032

 
31,003

Effect of dilutive securities
1,315

 
1,243

 
1,399

 
1,395

Diluted weighted-average shares
31,300

 
32,260

 
31,431

 
32,398

Earnings per share:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
$
1.08

 
$
0.81

 
$
1.98

 
$
2.03

Diluted
$
1.03

 
$
0.78

 
$
1.90

 
$
1.94

We exclude the options to purchase shares of common stock in the computation of the diluted EPS where the exercise price of the options exceeds the average market price of our common stock as their inclusion would be antidilutive. There were approximately 19,000 and 34,000 options excluded for the quarters ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. There were approximately 11,000 and 17,000 options excluded for the six months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

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11. Segment Information
We are organized into the following three operating segments, each of which is a reportable segment, to align with internal management of our worldwide business operations based on product offerings.
 
•
Applications. This segment includes pre-configured decision management applications designed for a specific type of business problem or process — such as marketing, account origination, customer management, fraud, collections and insurance claims management — as well as associated professional services. These applications are available to our customers as on-premises software, and many are available as hosted, software-as-a-service (“SaaS”) applications through the FICO® Analytic Cloud.
•
Scores. This segment includes our business-to-business scoring solutions, our myFICO® solutions for consumers and associated professional services. Our scoring solutions give our clients access to analytics that can be easily integrated into their transaction streams and decision-making processes. Our scoring solutions are distributed through major credit reporting agencies, as well as services through which we provide our scores to clients directly.
•
Decision Management Software. This segment is composed of analytic and decision management software tools that clients can use to create their own custom decision management applications, our new FICO® Decision Management Suite, as well as associated professional services. These tools are available to our customers as on-premises software or through the FICO® Analytic Cloud.
Our Chief Executive Officer evaluates segment financial performance based on segment revenues and segment operating income. Segment operating expenses consist of direct and indirect costs principally related to personnel, facilities, consulting, travel and depreciation. Indirect costs are allocated to the segments generally based on relative segment revenues, fixed rates established by management based upon estimated expense contribution levels and other assumptions that management considers reasonable. We do not allocate broad-based incentive expense, share-based compensation expense, restructuring expense, amortization expense, various corporate charges and certain other income and expense measures to our segments. These income and expense items are not allocated because they are not considered in evaluating the segment’s operating performance. Our Chief Executive Officer does not evaluate the financial performance of each segment based on its respective assets, nor capital expenditures where depreciation amounts are allocated to the segments from their internal cost centers as described above.
The following tables summarize segment information for the quarters and six-month periods ended March 31, 2018 and 2017:
 
Quarter Ended March 31, 2018
 
Applications
 
Scores
 
Decision Management Software
 
Unallocated
Corporate
Expenses
 
Total
 
(In thousands)
Segment revenues:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Transactional and maintenance
$
97,630

 
$
85,644

 
$
11,921

 
$
—

 
$
195,195

Professional services
38,516

 
682

 
6,880

 
—

 
46,078

License
10,553

 
1,584

 
4,448

 
—

 
16,585

Total segment revenues
146,699

 
87,910

 
23,249

 
—

 
257,858

Segment operating expense
(107,039
)
 
(16,411
)
 
(31,913
)
 
(33,493
)
 
(188,856
)
Segment operating income (loss)
$
39,660

 
$
71,499

 
$
(8,664
)
 
$
(33,493
)
 
69,002

Unallocated share-based compensation expense
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(19,239
)
Unallocated amortization expense
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(1,684
)
Operating income
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
48,079

Unallocated interest expense, net
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(7,116
)
Unallocated other expense, net
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(161
)
Income before income taxes
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
40,802

Depreciation expense
$
3,834

 
$
147

 
$
1,291

 
$
238

 
$
5,510


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Table of Contents

 
Quarter Ended March 31, 2017
 
Applications
 
Scores
 
Decision Management Software
 
Unallocated
Corporate
Expenses
 
Total
 
(In thousands)
Segment revenues:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Transactional and maintenance
$
86,013

 
$
63,628

 
$
11,608

 
$
—

 
$
161,249

Professional services
32,640

 
994

 
7,650

 
—

 
41,284

License
15,684

 
811

 
9,350

 
—

 
25,845

Total segment revenues
134,337

 
65,433

 
28,608

 
—

 
228,378

Segment operating expense
(99,454
)
 
(14,484
)
 
(31,152
)
 
(25,223
)
 
(170,313
)
Segment operating income (loss)
$
34,883

 
$
50,949

 
$
(2,544
)
 
$
(25,223
)
 
58,065

Unallocated share-based compensation expense
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(14,712
)
Unallocated amortization expense
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(3,312
)
Operating income
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
40,041

Unallocated interest expense, net
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(6,578
)
Unallocated other expense, net
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(327
)
Income before income taxes
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
33,136

Depreciation expense
$
3,959

 
$
236

 
$
1,202

 
$
341

 
$
5,738

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Six Months Ended March 31, 2018
 
Applications
 
Scores
 
Decision Management Software
 
Unallocated
Corporate
Expenses
 
Total
 
(In thousands)
Segment revenues:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Transactional and maintenance
$
190,843

 
$
155,218

 
$
23,796

 
$
—

 
$
369,857

Professional services
73,369

 
960

 
14,375

 
—

 
88,704

License
23,896

 
1,647

 
9,075

 
—

 
34,618

Total segment revenues
288,108

 
157,825

 
47,246

 
—

 
493,179

Segment operating expense
(209,658
)
 
(32,298
)
 
(63,766
)
 
(60,253
)
 
(365,975
)
Segment operating income (loss)
$
78,450

 
$
125,527

 
$
(16,520
)
 
$
(60,253
)
 
127,204

Unallocated share-based compensation expense
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(35,749
)
Unallocated amortization expense
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(3,472
)
Operating income
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
87,983

Unallocated interest expense, net
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(13,576
)
Unallocated other income, net
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
352

Income before income taxes
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
74,759

Depreciation expense
$
7,777

 
$
302

 
$
2,703

 
$
522

 
$
11,304


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Six Months Ended March 31, 2017
 
Applications
 
Scores
 
Decision Management Software
 
Unallocated
Corporate
Expenses
 
Total
 
(In thousands)
Segment revenues:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Transactional and maintenance
$
170,894

 
$
121,880

 
$
22,135

 
$
—

 
$
314,909

Professional services
66,981

 
1,515

 
16,331

 
—

 
84,827

License
31,227

 
1,420

 
15,595

 
—

 
48,242

Total segment revenues
269,102

 
124,815

 
54,061

 
—

 
447,978

Segment operating expense
(199,251
)
 
(27,803
)
 
(60,237
)
 
(49,856
)
 
(337,147
)
Segment operating income (loss)
$
69,851

 
$
97,012

 
$
(6,176
)
 
$
(49,856
)
 
110,831

Unallocated share-based compensation expense
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(29,231
)
Unallocated amortization expense
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(6,632
)
Operating income
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
74,968

Unallocated interest expense, net
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(12,750
)
Unallocated other expense, net
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(427
)
Income before income taxes
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
61,791

Depreciation expense
$
7,827

 
$
502

 
$
2,328

 
$
690

 
$
11,347

12. Contingencies
We are in disputes with certain customers regarding amounts owed in connection with the sale of certain of our products and services. We also have had claims asserted by former employees relating to compensation and other employment matters. We are also involved in various other claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business. We record litigation accruals for legal matters which are both probable and estimable. For legal proceedings for which there is a reasonable possibility of loss (meaning those losses for which the likelihood is more than remote but less than probable), we have determined we do not have material exposure on an aggregate basis.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS
Statements contained in this report that are not statements of historical fact should be considered forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. In addition, certain statements in our future filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), in press releases, and in oral and written statements made by us or with our approval that are not statements of historical fact constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Act. Examples of forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to: (i) projections of revenue, income or loss, expenses, earnings or loss per share, the payment or nonpayment of dividends, capital structure and other statements concerning future financial performance; (ii) statements of our plans and objectives by our management or Board of Directors, including those relating to products or services, research and development, and the sufficiency of capital resources; (iii) statements of assumptions underlying such statements, including those related to economic conditions; (iv) statements regarding business relationships with vendors, customers or collaborators, including the proportion of revenues generated from international as opposed to domestic customers; and (v) statements regarding products, their characteristics, performance, sales potential or effect in the hands of customers. Words such as “believes,” “anticipates,” “expects,” “intends,” “targeted,” “should,” “potential,” “goals,” “strategy,” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements, but are not the exclusive means of identifying such statements. Forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to differ materially from those in such statements. Factors that could cause actual results to differ from those discussed in the forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, those described in Part II, Item 1A, Risk Factors. The performance of our business and our securities may be adversely affected by these factors and by other factors common to other businesses and investments, or to the general economy. Forward-looking statements are qualified by some or all of these risk factors. Therefore, you should consider these risk factors with caution and form your own critical and independent conclusions about the likely effect of these risk factors on our future performance. Such forward-looking statements speak only as of the date on which statements are made, and we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which such statement is made to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events or circumstances. Readers should carefully review the disclosures and the risk factors described in this and other documents we file from time to time with the SEC, including our reports on Form 8-K to be filed by us in fiscal 2018.
OVERVIEW
We use analytics to help businesses automate, improve and connect decisions across their enterprise, an approach we commonly refer to as decision management. Our predictive analytics, which includes the industry-standard FICO® Score, and our decision management systems leverage the use of big data and mathematical algorithms to predict consumer behavior and power hundreds of billions of customer decisions each year. We help thousands of companies in over 100 countries use our decision management technology to target and acquire customers more efficiently, increase customer value, reduce fraud and credit losses, lower operating expenses, and enter new markets more profitably. Most leading banks and credit card issuers rely on our solutions, as do insurers, retailers, telecommunications providers, pharmaceutical companies, healthcare organizations, public agencies and organizations in other industries. We also serve consumers through online services that enable people to purchase and understand their FICO® Scores, the standard measure of consumer credit risk in the U.S., and empower them to manage their financial health. Most of our solutions address customer engagement, including customer acquisition, customer onboarding, customer servicing and management, and customer protection. We also help businesses improve noncustomer decisions such as transaction and claims processing. Our solutions enable users to make decisions that are more precise, consistent and agile, and that systematically advance business goals. This helps our clients to reduce the cost of doing business, increase revenues and profitability, reduce losses from risks and fraud, and increase customer loyalty.
We derive a significant portion of our revenues from clients outside the U.S. International revenues accounted for 33% and 37% of total consolidated revenues for the quarters ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and 33% and 36% of total consolidated revenues for the six months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. A significant portion of our revenues are derived from the sale of products and services within the banking (including consumer credit) industry, and 84% and 72% of our revenues were derived from within this industry during the quarters ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and 84% and 74% of our revenues were derived from within this industry during the six months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. In addition, we derive a significant share of revenues from transactional or unit-based software license fees, transactional fees derived under credit scoring, data processing, data management and SaaS subscription services arrangements, and annual software maintenance fees. Arrangements with transactional or unit-based pricing accounted for 76% and 71% of our revenues during the quarters ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Arrangements with transactional or unit-based pricing accounted for 75% and 70% of our revenues during the six months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.


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We continue to drive growth in our Scores segment. Scores revenue increased 34% to $87.9 million during the quarter ended March 31, 2018 from $65.4 million during the quarter ended March 31, 2017, and 26% to 157.8 million during the six months ended March 31, 2018 from 124.8 million during the six months ended March 31, 2017. Scores operating income increased 40% to $71.5 million during the quarter ended March 31, 2018 from $50.9 million during the quarter ended March 31, 2017, and 29% to $125.5 million during the six months ended March 31, 2018 from $97.0 million during the six months ended March 31, 2017. For our Applications and Decision Management Software segments, our cloud business continues to grow both in the absolute dollar value and as a percentage of revenues as we pursue our cloud-first strategy. During the quarter ended March 31, 2018, cloud revenues accounted for $63.0 million, or 24% of revenues, compared to $49.8 million, or 22% of revenues during the quarter ended March 31, 2017. During the six months ended March 31, 2018, cloud revenues accounted for $119.5 million, or 24% of revenues, compared to $99.9 million, or 22% of revenues during the six months ended March 31, 2017.
Operating income increased 20% to $48.1 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2018 from $40.0 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2017 and as a result, net earnings increased 29% to $32.3 million from $25.1 million. Operating income increased 17% to $88.0 million for the six months ended March 31, 2018 from $75.0 million for the six months ended March 31, 2017, while net earnings decreased 5% to $59.6 million from $63.0 million, primarily due to the income tax expense related to enactment of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, partially offset by the increase in operating income.
We continue to enhance stockholder value by returning cash to stockholders through our stock repurchase program. During the quarter and six months ended March 31, 2018, we repurchased approximately 0.5 million shares at a total repurchase price of $75.0 million and 0.8 million shares at a total repurchase price of $124.6 million, respectively. As of March 31, 2018, we had $162.0 million remaining under our current stock repurchase program.
Bookings
Management uses bookings as an indicator of our business performance. Bookings represent contracts signed in the current reporting period that generate current and future revenue streams. We consider contract terms, knowledge of the marketplace and experience with our customers, among other factors, when determining the estimated value of contract bookings.
Bookings calculations have varying degrees of certainty depending on the revenue type and individual contract terms. Our revenue types are transactional and maintenance, professional services and license. Our estimate of bookings is as of the end of the period in which a contract is signed, and we do not update initial booking estimates in future periods for changes between estimated and actual results. Actual revenue and the timing thereof could differ materially from our initial estimates. The following paragraphs discuss the key assumptions used to calculate bookings and the susceptibility of these assumptions to variability.
Transactional and Maintenance Bookings
We calculate transactional bookings as the total estimated volume of transactions or number of accounts under contract, multiplied by the contractual rate. Transactional contracts generally span multiple years and require us to make estimates about future transaction volumes or number of active accounts. We develop estimates from discussions with our customers and examinations of historical data from similar products and customer arrangements. Differences between estimated bookings and actual results occur due to variability in the volume of transactions or number of active accounts estimated. This variability is primarily caused by the following:
 
•
The health of the economy and economic trends in our customers’ industries;
•
Individual performance of our customers relative to their competitors; and
•
Regulatory and other factors that affect the business environment in which our customers operate.
We calculate maintenance bookings directly from the terms stated in the contract.
Professional Services Bookings
We calculate professional services bookings as the estimated number of hours to complete a project multiplied by the rate per hour. We estimate the number of hours based on our understanding of the project scope, conversations with customer personnel and our experience in estimating professional services projects. Estimated bookings may differ from actual results primarily due to differences in the actual number of hours incurred. These differences typically result from customer decisions to alter the mix of FICO and customer services resources used to complete a project.

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Table of Contents

License Bookings
Licenses are sold on a perpetual or term basis and bookings generally equal the fixed amount stated in the contract.
Bookings Trend Analysis
 
Bookings
 
Bookings
Yield (1)
 
Number of
Bookings
over $1
Million
 
Weighted-
Average
Term (2)
 
(In millions)
 
 
 
 
 
(Months)
Quarter Ended March 31, 2018
$
101.7

 
13
%
 
13

 
30

Quarter Ended March 31, 2017
$
91.2

 
23
%
 
13

 
26

Six Months Ended March 31, 2018
$
183.9

 
22
%
 
22

 
NM(a)

Six Months Ended March 31, 2017
$
187.6

 
29
%
 
26

 
NM(a)

 
(1)
Bookings yield represents the percentage of revenue recognized from bookings for the periods indicated.
(2)
Weighted-average term of bookings measures the average term over which bookings are expected to be recognized as revenue.
(a)
NM - Measure is not meaningful as our estimate of bookings is as of the end of the period in which a contract is signed, and we do not update our initial booking estimates in future periods for changes between estimated and actual results.
Transactional and maintenance bookings were 46% and 43% of total bookings for the quarters ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Professional services bookings were 41% and 37% of total bookings for the quarters ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. License bookings were 13% and 20% of total bookings for the quarters ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
Transactional and maintenance bookings were 40% and 37% of total bookings for the six months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Professional services bookings were 47% and 46% of total bookings for the six months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. License bookings were 13% and 17% of total bookings for the six months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Revenues
The following tables set forth certain summary information on a segment basis related to our revenues for the quarters and six-month periods ended March 31, 2018 and 2017:
 
Quarter Ended March 31,
 
Percentage of Revenues
 
Period-to-Period Change
 
Period-to-Period
Percentage Change
Segment
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
 
 
 
(In thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
(In thousands)
 
 
Applications
$
146,699

 
$
134,337

 
57
%
 
59
%
 
$
12,362

 
9
 %
Scores
87,910

 
65,433

 
34
%
 
29
%
 
22,477

 
34
 %
Decision Management Software
23,249

 
28,608

 
9
%
 
12
%
 
(5,359
)
 
(19
)%
Total
$
257,858

 
$
228,378

 
100
%
 
100
%
 
29,480

 
13
 %
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Six Months Ended March 31,
 
Percentage of Revenues
 
Period-to-Period Change
 
Period-to-Period
Percentage Change
Segment
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
 
 
 
(In thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
(In thousands)
 
 
Applications
$
288,108

 
$
269,102

 
58
%
 
60
%
 
$
19,006

 
7
 %
Scores
157,825

 
124,815

 
32
%
 
28
%
 
33,010

 
26
 %
Decision Management Software
47,246

 
54,061

 
10
%
 
12
%
 
(6,815
)
 
(13
)%
Total
$
493,179

 
$
447,978

 
100
%
 
100
%
 
45,201

 
10
 %


18
Table of Contents

Quarter Ended March 31, 2018 Compared to Quarter Ended March 31, 2017

Applications
 
Quarter Ended March 31,
 
Period-to-Period Change
 
Period-to-Period
Percentage Change
 
2018
 
2017
 
 
 
(In thousands)
 
(In thousands)
 
 
Transactional and maintenance
$
97,630

 
$
86,013

 
$
11,617

 
14
 %
Professional services
38,516

 
32,640

 
5,876

 
18
 %
License
10,553

 
15,684

 
(5,131
)
 
(33
)%
Total
$
146,699

 
$
134,337

 
12,362

 
9
 %
Applications segment revenues increased $12.4 million primarily due to an $8.6 million increase in our originations solutions, a $3.8 million increase in our customer communications services, and a $2.0 million increase in our collections & recovery solutions, partially offset by a $3.3 million decrease in our fraud solutions. The increase in originations solutions was primarily attributable to an increase in transactional and services revenues from our SaaS products. The increase in customer communication services was primarily attributable to an increase in transactional revenue as a result of our continued growth in the mobile communication market. The increase in collections & recovery solutions was primarily attributable to an increase in services revenue. The decrease in fraud solutions was primarily attributable to a decrease in license revenue.

Scores
 
Quarter Ended March 31,
 
Period-to-Period Change
 
Period-to-Period
Percentage Change
 
2018
 
2017
 
 
 
(In thousands)
 
(In thousands)
 
 
Transactional and maintenance
$
85,644

 
$
63,628

 
$
22,016

 
35
 %
Professional services
682

 
994

 
(312
)
 
(31
)%
License
1,584

 
811

 
773

 
95
 %
Total
$
87,910

 
$
65,433

 
22,477

 
34
 %
Scores segment revenues increased $22.5 million due to an increase of $19.3 million in our business-to-business scores revenue and $3.2 million in our business-to-consumer services revenue. The increase in business-to-business scores was primarily attributable to an increase in transactional scores in originations, primarily driven by higher unit price in mortgage activities. The increase in business-to-consumer services was primarily attributable to an increase in royalties derived from scores sold indirectly to consumers through credit reporting agencies.
During the quarters ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, revenues generated from our agreements with Experian accounted for 11% and 9%, respectively, of our total revenues, and revenues generated from our agreements with Equifax and TransUnion together accounted for 14% and 11%, respectively, of our total revenues. Revenues from these customers included amounts recorded in our other segments.

Decision Management Software
 
Quarter Ended March 31,
 
Period-to-Period Change
 
Period-to-Period
Percentage Change
 
2018
 
2017
 
 
 
(In thousands)
 
(In thousands)
 
 
Transactional and maintenance
$
11,921

 
$
11,608

 
$
313

 
3
 %
Professional services
6,880

 
7,650

 
(770
)
 
(10
)%
License
4,448

 
9,350

 
(4,902
)
 
(52
)%
Total
$
23,249

 
$
28,608

 
(5,359
)
 
(19
)%
Decision Management Software segment revenues decreased $5.4 million primarily attributable to a decrease in license revenue related to our FICO® Blaze Advisor® product.

19
Table of Contents

Six Months Ended March 31, 2018 Compared to Six Months Ended March 31, 2017

Applications
 
Six Months Ended March 31,
 
Period-to-Period Change
 
Period-to-Period
Percentage Change
 
2018
 
2017
 
 
 
(In thousands)
 
(In thousands)
 
 
Transactional and maintenance
$
190,843

 
$
170,894

 
$
19,949

 
12
 %
Professional services
73,369

 
66,981

 
6,388

 
10
 %
License
23,896

 
31,227

 
(7,331
)
 
(23
)%
Total
$
288,108

 
$
269,102

 
19,006

 
7
 %
Applications segment revenues increased $19.0 million primarily due to a $10.9 million increase in our originations solutions, a $7.8 million increase in our customer communications services, and a $4.6 million increase in our collections & recovery solutions, partially offset by a $5.6 million decrease in our fraud solutions. The increase in originations solutions was primarily attributable to an increase in transactional and services revenues from our SaaS products. The increase in customer communication services was primarily attributable to an increase in transactional revenue as a result of our continued growth in the mobile communication market. The increase in collections & recovery solutions was primarily attributable to an increase in services and software revenues. The decrease in fraud solutions was primarily attributable to a decrease in license revenue, partially offset by an increase in transactional revenue.

Scores
 
Six Months Ended March 31,
 
Period-to-Period Change
 
Period-to-Period
Percentage Change
 
2018
 
2017
 
 
 
(In thousands)
 
(In thousands)
 
 
Transactional and maintenance
$
155,218

 
$
121,880

 
$
33,338

 
27
 %
Professional services
960

 
1,515

 
(555
)
 
(37
)%
License
1,647

 
1,420

 
227

 
16
 %
Total
$
157,825

 
$
124,815

 
33,010

 
26
 %
Scores segment revenues increased $33.0 million due to an increase of $24.3 million in our business-to-business scores revenue and $8.7 million in our business-to-consumer services revenue. The increase in business-to-business scores was primarily attributable to a $16.8 million increase in transactional scores in originations, primarily driven by higher unit price in mortgage activities; as well as a $6.8 million increase in transactional scores in account management and prescreen, driven by higher transactional volume. The increase in business-to-consumer services was primarily attributable to an increase in royalties derived from scores sold indirectly to consumers through credit reporting agencies.
During the six months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, revenues generated from our agreements with Experian accounted for 10% and 8%, respectively, of our total revenues, and revenues generated from our agreements with Equifax and TransUnion together accounted for 13% and 11%, respectively, of our total revenues. Revenues from these customers included amounts recorded in our other segments.
Decision Management Software
 
Six Months Ended March 31,
 
Period-to-Period Change
 
Period-to-Period
Percentage Change
 
2018
 
2017
 
 
 
(In thousands)
 
(In thousands)
 
 
Transactional and maintenance
$
23,796

 
$
22,135

 
$
1,661

 
8
 %
Professional services
14,375

 
16,331

 
(1,956
)
 
(12
)%
License
9,075

 
15,595

 
(6,520
)
 
(42
)%
Total
$
47,246

 
$
54,061

 
(6,815
)
 
(13
)%
Decision Management Software segment revenues decreased $6.8 million primarily attributable to a decrease in license revenue related to our FICO® Blaze Advisor®.

20
Table of Contents

Operating Expenses and Other Income / Expenses
The following tables set forth certain summary information related to our condensed consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income for the quarters and six-month periods ended March 31, 2018 and 2017:
 
Quarter Ended March 31,
 
Percentage of Revenues
 
Period-to-Period Change
 
Period-to-
Period
Percentage Change
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
 
 
 
(In thousands, except
employees)
 
 
 
 
 
(In thousands,
except employees)
 
 
Revenues
$
257,858

 
$
228,378

 
100
 %
 
100
 %
 
$
29,480

 
13
 %
Operating expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cost of revenues
78,519

 
72,131

 
30
 %
 
31
 %
 
6,388

 
9
 %
Research and development
32,519

 
26,663

 
13
 %
 
12
 %
 
5,856

 
22
 %
Selling, general and administrative
97,057

 
86,231

 
37
 %
 
38
 %
 
10,826

 
13
 %
Amortization of intangible assets
1,684

 
3,312

 
1
 %
 
1
 %
 
(1,628
)
 
(49
)%
Total operating expenses
209,779

 
188,337

 
81
 %
 
82
 %
 
21,442

 
11
 %
Operating income
48,079

 
40,041

 
19
 %
 
18
 %
 
8,038

 
20
 %
Interest expense, net
(7,116
)
 
(6,578
)
 
(3
)%
 
(3
)%
 
(538
)
 
8
 %
Other expense, net
(161
)
 
(327
)
 
—
 %
 
—
 %
 
166

 
(51
)%
Income before income taxes
40,802

 
33,136

 
16
 %
 
15
 %
 
7,666

 
23
 %
Provision for income taxes
8,527

 
8,052

 
3
 %
 
4
 %
 
475

 
6
 %
Net income
$
32,275

 
$
25,084

 
13
 %
 
11
 %
 
7,191

 
29
 %
Number of employees at quarter end
3,470

 
3,306

 
 
 
 
 
164

 
5
 %
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Six Months Ended March 31,
 
Percentage of Revenues
 
Period-to-Period Change
 
Period-to-
Period
Percentage Change
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
 
 
 
(In thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
(In thousands)
 
 
Revenues
$
493,179

 
$
447,978

 
100
 %
 
100
 %
 
$
45,201

 
10
 %
Operating expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cost of revenues
152,878

 
142,128

 
31
 %
 
32
 %
 
10,750

 
8
 %
Research and development
61,493

 
52,805

 
12
 %
 
12
 %
 
8,688

 
16
 %
Selling, general and administrative
187,353

 
171,445

 
38
 %
 
38
 %
 
15,908

 
9
 %
Amortization of intangible assets
3,472

 
6,632

 
1
 %
 
1
 %
 
(3,160
)
 
(48
)%
Total operating expenses
405,196

 
373,010

 
82
 %
 
83
 %
 
32,186

 
9
 %
Operating income
87,983

 
74,968

 
18
 %
 
17
 %
 
13,015

 
17
 %
Interest expense, net
(13,576
)
 
(12,750
)
 
(3
)%
 
(3
)%
 
(826
)
 
6
 %
Other income (expense), net
352

 
(427
)
 
—
 %
 
—
 %
 
779

 
(182
)%
Income before income taxes
74,759

 
61,791

 
15
 %
 
14
 %
 
12,968

 
21
 %
Provision for income taxes
15,185

 
(1,194
)
 
3
 %
 
—
 %
 
16,379

 
(1,372
)%
Net income
$
59,574

 
$
62,985

 
12
 %
 
14
 %
 
(3,411