Document


UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C.  20549
FORM 10-Q
[X] QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For The Quarterly Period Ended June 30, 2018
OR
[ ] TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For The Transition Period from ____ to ____
Commission
 
Registrants; States of Incorporation;
 
I.R.S. Employer
File Number
 
Address and Telephone Number
 
Identification Nos.
 
 
 
 
 
1-3525
 
AMERICAN ELECTRIC POWER COMPANY, INC. (A New York Corporation)
 
13-4922640
333-221643
 
AEP TEXAS INC. (A Delaware Corporation)
 
51-0007707
333-217143
 
AEP TRANSMISSION COMPANY, LLC (A Delaware Limited Liability Company)
 
46-1125168
1-3457
 
APPALACHIAN POWER COMPANY (A Virginia Corporation)
 
54-0124790
1-3570
 
INDIANA MICHIGAN POWER COMPANY (An Indiana Corporation)
 
35-0410455
1-6543
 
OHIO POWER COMPANY (An Ohio Corporation)
 
31-4271000
0-343
 
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF OKLAHOMA (An Oklahoma Corporation)
 
73-0410895
1-3146
 
SOUTHWESTERN ELECTRIC POWER COMPANY (A Delaware Corporation)
 
72-0323455
 
 
1 Riverside Plaza, Columbus, Ohio 43215-2373
 
 
 
 
Telephone (614) 716-1000
 
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrants (1) have filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrants were required to file such reports), and (2) have been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x     No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrants have submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrants were required to submit such files). Yes x     No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether American Electric Power Company, Inc. is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company.  See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
 
 
Large Accelerated filer x             Accelerated filer ¨             Non-accelerated filer ¨
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Smaller reporting company ¨
 
Emerging growth company ¨
 
 
 
Indicate by check mark whether AEP Texas Inc., AEP Transmission Company, LLC, Appalachian Power Company, Indiana Michigan Power Company, Ohio Power Company, Public Service Company of Oklahoma and Southwestern Electric Power Company are large accelerated filers, accelerated filers, non-accelerated filers, smaller reporting companies, or emerging growth companies.  See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
 
 
Large Accelerated filer ¨              Accelerated filer ¨             Non-accelerated filer   x
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Smaller reporting company ¨
 
Emerging growth company ¨
 
 
 
 
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrants have elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrants are shell companies (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨      No x
AEP Texas Inc., AEP Transmission Company, LLC, Appalachian Power Company, Indiana Michigan Power Company, Ohio Power Company, Public Service Company of Oklahoma and Southwestern Electric Power Company meet the conditions set forth in General Instruction H(1)(a) and (b) of Form 10-Q and are therefore filing this Form 10-Q with the reduced disclosure format specified in General Instruction H(2) to Form 10-Q.






 
Number of shares
of common stock
outstanding of the
Registrants as of
 
July 26, 2018
 
 
American Electric Power Company, Inc.
492,934,058

 
($6.50 par value)

AEP Texas Inc.
100

 
($0.01 par value)

AEP Transmission Company, LLC (a)
NA

 
 
Appalachian Power Company
13,499,500

 
(no par value)

Indiana Michigan Power Company
1,400,000

 
(no par value)

Ohio Power Company
27,952,473

 
(no par value)

Public Service Company of Oklahoma
9,013,000

 
($15 par value)

Southwestern Electric Power Company
7,536,640

 
($18 par value)


(a)
100% interest is held by AEP Transmission Holding Company, LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of American Electric Power Company, Inc.
NA
Not applicable.




AMERICAN ELECTRIC POWER COMPANY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES
INDEX OF QUARTERLY REPORTS ON FORM 10-Q
June 30, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Page
 
 
 
 
Number
Glossary of Terms
 
 
 
 
 
Forward-Looking Information
 
 
 
 
 
Part I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Items 1, 2, 3 and 4 - Financial Statements, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk, and Controls and Procedures:
 
 
 
 
 
 
American Electric Power Company, Inc. and Subsidiary Companies:
 
 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
 
Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
 
 
 
 
 
AEP Texas Inc. and Subsidiaries:
 
 
Management’s Narrative Discussion and Analysis of Results of Operations
 
Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
 
 
 
 
 
AEP Transmission Company, LLC and Subsidiaries:
 
 
Management’s Narrative Discussion and Analysis of Results of Operations
 
Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
 
 
 
 
 
Appalachian Power Company and Subsidiaries:
 
 
Management’s Narrative Discussion and Analysis of Results of Operations
 
Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
 
 
 
 
 
Indiana Michigan Power Company and Subsidiaries:
 
 
Management’s Narrative Discussion and Analysis of Results of Operations
 
Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
 
 
 
 
 
Ohio Power Company and Subsidiaries:
 
 
Management’s Narrative Discussion and Analysis of Results of Operations
 
Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
 
 
 
 
 
Public Service Company of Oklahoma:
 
 
Management’s Narrative Discussion and Analysis of Results of Operations
 
Condensed Financial Statements
 
 
 
 
 
Southwestern Electric Power Company Consolidated:
 
 
Management’s Narrative Discussion and Analysis of Results of Operations
 
Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
 
 
 
 
 
Index of Condensed Notes to Condensed Financial Statements of Registrants
 
 
 
 
 
Controls and Procedures




Part II.  OTHER INFORMATION
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 1.
  Legal Proceedings
 
Item 1A.
  Risk Factors
 
Item 2.
  Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
 
Item 3.
  Defaults Upon Senior Securities
 
Item 4.
  Mine Safety Disclosures
 
Item 5.
  Other Information
 
Item 6.
  Exhibits:
 
 
 
Exhibit 12
 
 
 
 
Exhibit 31(a)
 
 
 
 
Exhibit 31(b)
 
 
 
 
Exhibit 32(a)
 
 
 
 
Exhibit 32(b)
 
 
 
 
Exhibit 95
 
 
 
 
Exhibit 101.INS
 
 
 
 
Exhibit 101.SCH
 
 
 
 
Exhibit 101.CAL
 
 
 
 
Exhibit 101.DEF
 
 
 
 
Exhibit 101.LAB
 
 
 
 
Exhibit 101.PRE
 
 
 
 
 
 
SIGNATURE
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
This combined Form 10-Q is separately filed by American Electric Power Company, Inc., AEP Texas Inc., AEP Transmission Company, LLC, Appalachian Power Company, Indiana Michigan Power Company, Ohio Power Company, Public Service Company of Oklahoma and Southwestern Electric Power Company.  Information contained herein relating to any individual registrant is filed by such registrant on its own behalf. Each registrant makes no representation as to information relating to the other registrants.




GLOSSARY OF TERMS

When the following terms and abbreviations appear in the text of this report, they have the meanings indicated below. 
Term
 
Meaning
 
 
 
AEGCo
 
AEP Generating Company, an AEP electric utility subsidiary.
AEP
 
American Electric Power Company, Inc., an investor-owned electric public utility holding company which includes American Electric Power Company, Inc. (Parent) and majority owned consolidated subsidiaries and consolidated affiliates.
AEP Credit
 
AEP Credit, Inc., a consolidated variable interest entity of AEP which securitizes accounts receivable and accrued utility revenues for affiliated electric utility companies.
AEP System
 
American Electric Power System, an electric system, owned and operated by AEP subsidiaries.
AEP Texas
 
AEP Texas Inc., an AEP electric utility subsidiary.
AEP Transmission Holdco
 
AEP Transmission Holding Company, LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of AEP.
AEPEP
 
AEP Energy Partners, Inc., a subsidiary of AEP dedicated to wholesale marketing and trading, hedging activities, asset management and commercial and industrial sales in the deregulated Ohio and Texas markets.
AEPRO
 
AEP River Operations, LLC, a commercial barge operation sold in November 2015.
AEPSC
 
American Electric Power Service Corporation, an AEP service subsidiary providing management and professional services to AEP and its subsidiaries.
AEPTCo
 
AEP Transmission Company, LLC, a subsidiary of AEP Transmission Holdco, is an intermediate holding company that owns seven wholly-owned transmission companies.
AEPTCo Parent
 
AEP Transmission Company, LLC, the holding company of the State Transcos within the AEPTCo consolidation.
AFUDC
 
Allowance for Funds Used During Construction.
AGR
 
AEP Generation Resources Inc., a competitive AEP subsidiary in the Generation & Marketing segment.
ALJ
 
Administrative Law Judge.
AOCI
 
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income.
APCo
 
Appalachian Power Company, an AEP electric utility subsidiary.
Appalachian Consumer Rate Relief Funding
 
Appalachian Consumer Rate Relief Funding LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of APCo and a consolidated variable interest entity formed for the purpose of issuing and servicing securitization bonds related to the under-recovered ENEC deferral balance.
APSC
 
Arkansas Public Service Commission.
ARAM
 
Average Rate Assumption Method, an IRS approved method used to calculate the reversal of Excess ADIT for ratemaking purposes.
ASC
 
Accounting Standard Codification.
ASU
 
Accounting Standards Update.
CAA
 
Clean Air Act.
CAIR
 
Clean Air Interstate Rule.
CO2
 
Carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases.
Cook Plant
 
Donald C. Cook Nuclear Plant, a two-unit, 2,278 MW nuclear plant owned by I&M.
CWIP
 
Construction Work in Progress.
DCC Fuel
 
DCC Fuel VII, DCC Fuel VIII, DCC Fuel IX, DCC Fuel X, DCC Fuel XI and DCC Fuel XII consolidated variable interest entities formed for the purpose of acquiring, owning and leasing nuclear fuel to I&M.
Desert Sky
 
Desert Sky Wind Farm, a 160.5 MW wind electricity generation facility located on Indian Mesa in Pecos County, Texas.
DHLC
 
Dolet Hills Lignite Company, LLC, a wholly-owned lignite mining subsidiary of SWEPCo.

i



Term
 
Meaning
 
 
 
DIR
 
Distribution Investment Rider.
EIS
 
Energy Insurance Services, Inc., a nonaffiliated captive insurance company and consolidated variable interest entity of AEP.
ENEC
 
Expanded Net Energy Cost.
Energy Supply
 
AEP Energy Supply LLC, a nonregulated holding company for AEP’s competitive generation, wholesale and retail businesses, and a wholly-owned subsidiary of AEP.
ERCOT
 
Electric Reliability Council of Texas regional transmission organization.
ESP
 
Electric Security Plans, a PUCO requirement for electric utilities to adjust their rates by filing with the PUCO.
ETR
 
Effective tax rates.
ETT
 
Electric Transmission Texas, LLC, an equity interest joint venture between AEP Transmission Holdco and Berkshire Hathaway Energy Company formed to own and operate electric transmission facilities in ERCOT.
Excess ADIT
 
Excess accumulated deferred income taxes.
FASB
 
Financial Accounting Standards Board.
Federal EPA
 
United States Environmental Protection Agency.
FERC
 
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission.
FGD
 
Flue Gas Desulfurization or scrubbers.
FTR
 
Financial Transmission Right, a financial instrument that entitles the holder to receive compensation for certain congestion-related transmission charges that arise when the power grid is congested resulting in differences in locational prices.
GAAP
 
Accounting Principles Generally Accepted in the United States of America.
Global Settlement
 
In February 2017, the PUCO approved a settlement agreement filed by OPCo in December 2016 which resolved all remaining open issues on remand from the Supreme Court of Ohio in OPCo’s 2009 - 2011 and June 2012 - May 2015 ESP filings. It also resolved all open issues in OPCo’s 2009, 2014 and 2015 SEET filings and 2009, 2012 and 2013 Fuel Adjustment Clause Audits.
I&M
 
Indiana Michigan Power Company, an AEP electric utility subsidiary.
IRS
 
Internal Revenue Service.
IURC
 
Indiana Utility Regulatory Commission.
KGPCo
 
Kingsport Power Company, an AEP electric utility subsidiary.
KPCo
 
Kentucky Power Company, an AEP electric utility subsidiary.
KPSC
 
Kentucky Public Service Commission.
kV
 
Kilovolt.
KWh
 
Kilowatthour.
LPSC
 
Louisiana Public Service Commission.
Market Based Mechanism
 
An order from the LPSC established to evaluate proposals to construct or acquire generating capacity. The LPSC directs that the market based mechanism shall be a request for proposal competitive solicitation process.
MISO
 
Midcontinent Independent System Operator.
MMBtu
 
Million British Thermal Units.
MPSC
 
Michigan Public Service Commission.
MTM
 
Mark-to-Market.
MW
 
Megawatt.
MWh
 
Megawatthour.
Nonutility Money Pool
 
Centralized funding mechanism AEP uses to meet the short-term cash requirements of certain nonutility subsidiaries.
NO2
 
Nitrogen dioxide.
NOx
 
Nitrogen oxide.
NSR
 
New Source Review.
OATT
 
Open Access Transmission Tariff.
OCC
 
Corporation Commission of the State of Oklahoma.

ii



Term
 
Meaning
 
 
 
Ohio Phase-in-Recovery Funding
 
Ohio Phase-in-Recovery Funding LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of OPCo and a consolidated variable interest entity formed for the purpose of issuing and servicing securitization bonds related to phase-in recovery property.
OPCo
 
Ohio Power Company, an AEP electric utility subsidiary.
OPEB
 
Other Postretirement Benefit Plans.
OTC
 
Over the counter.
OVEC
 
Ohio Valley Electric Corporation, which is 43.47% owned by AEP.
Parent
 
American Electric Power Company, Inc., the equity owner of AEP subsidiaries within the AEP consolidation.
PJM
 
Pennsylvania – New Jersey – Maryland regional transmission organization.
PM
 
Particulate Matter.
PPA
 
Purchase Power and Sale Agreement.
PSO
 
Public Service Company of Oklahoma, an AEP electric utility subsidiary.
PUCO
 
Public Utilities Commission of Ohio.
PUCT
 
Public Utility Commission of Texas.
Registrant Subsidiaries
 
AEP subsidiaries which are SEC registrants: AEP Texas, AEPTCo, APCo, I&M, OPCo, PSO and SWEPCo.
Registrants
 
SEC registrants: AEP, AEP Texas, AEPTCo, APCo, I&M, OPCo, PSO and SWEPCo.
Risk Management Contracts
 
Trading and nontrading derivatives, including those derivatives designated as cash flow and fair value hedges.
Rockport Plant
 
A generation plant, consisting of two 1,310 MW coal-fired generating units near Rockport, Indiana. AEGCo and I&M jointly-own Unit 1. In 1989, AEGCo and I&M entered into a sale-and-leaseback transaction with Wilmington Trust Company, an unrelated, unconsolidated trustee for Rockport Plant, Unit 2.
ROE
 
Return on Equity.
RPM
 
Reliability Pricing Model.
RSR
 
Retail Stability Rider.
RTO
 
Regional Transmission Organization, responsible for moving electricity over large interstate areas.
Sabine
 
Sabine Mining Company, a lignite mining company that is a consolidated variable interest entity for AEP and SWEPCo.
SCR
 
Selective Catalytic Reduction, NOx reduction technology at Rockport Plant.
SEC
 
U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.
SEET
 
Significantly Excessive Earnings Test.
SNF
 
Spent Nuclear Fuel.
SO2
 
Sulfur dioxide.
SPP
 
Southwest Power Pool regional transmission organization.
SSO
 
Standard service offer.
State Transcos
 
AEPTCo’s seven wholly-owned, FERC regulated, transmission only electric utilities, each of which is geographically aligned with AEP’s existing utility operating companies.
SWEPCo
 
Southwestern Electric Power Company, an AEP electric utility subsidiary.
Tax Reform
 
On December 22, 2017, President Trump signed into law legislation referred to as the “Tax Cuts and Jobs Act” (the TCJA). The TCJA includes significant changes to the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, including a reduction in the corporate federal income tax rate from 35% to 21% effective January 1, 2018.
TCC
 
Formerly AEP Texas Central Company, now a division of AEP Texas.
Texas Restructuring Legislation
 
Legislation enacted in 1999 to restructure the electric utility industry in Texas.
TNC
 
Formerly Texas North Company, now a division of AEP Texas.
TRA
 
Tennessee Regulatory Authority.

iii



Term
 
Meaning
 
 
 
Transition Funding
 
AEP Texas Central Transition Funding II LLC and AEP Texas Central Transition Funding III LLC, wholly-owned subsidiaries of TCC and consolidated variable interest entities formed for the purpose of issuing and servicing securitization bonds related to Texas Restructuring Legislation.
Transource Energy
 
Transource Energy, LLC, a consolidated variable interest entity formed for the purpose of investing in utilities which develop, acquire, construct, own and operate transmission facilities in accordance with FERC-approved rates.
Trent
 
Trent Wind Farm, a 150 MW wind electricity generation facility located between Abilene and Sweetwater in West Texas.
Turk Plant
 
John W. Turk, Jr. Plant, a 600 MW coal-fired plant in Arkansas that is 73% owned by SWEPCo.
UMWA
 
United Mine Workers of America.
UPA
 
Unit Power Agreement.
Utility Money Pool
 
Centralized funding mechanism AEP uses to meet the short-term cash requirements of certain utility subsidiaries.
VIE
 
Variable Interest Entity.
Virginia SCC
 
Virginia State Corporation Commission.
Wind Catcher Project
 
Wind Catcher Energy Connection Project, a joint PSO and SWEPCo project which includes the acquisition of a wind generation facility, totaling approximately 2,000 MW of wind generation, and the construction of a generation interconnection tie-line totaling approximately 350 miles.
WPCo
 
Wheeling Power Company, an AEP electric utility subsidiary.
WVPSC
 
Public Service Commission of West Virginia.

iv



FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION

This report made by the Registrants contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.  Many forward-looking statements appear in “Item 7 – Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of the 2017 Annual Report, but there are others throughout this document which may be identified by words such as “expect,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “plan,” “believe,” “will,” “should,” “could,” “would,” “project,” “continue” and similar expressions, and include statements reflecting future results or guidance and statements of outlook.  These matters are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected.  Forward-looking statements in this document are presented as of the date of this document.  Except to the extent required by applicable law, management undertakes no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statement.  Among the factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements are:
Ÿ
Economic growth or contraction within and changes in market demand and demographic patterns in AEP service territories.
Ÿ
Inflationary or deflationary interest rate trends.
Ÿ
Volatility in the financial markets, particularly developments affecting the availability or cost of capital to finance new capital projects and refinance existing debt.
Ÿ
The availability and cost of funds to finance working capital and capital needs, particularly during periods when the time lag between incurring costs and recovery is long and the costs are material.
Ÿ
Electric load and customer growth.
Ÿ
Weather conditions, including storms and drought conditions, and the ability to recover significant storm restoration costs.
Ÿ
The cost of fuel and its transportation, the creditworthiness and performance of fuel suppliers and transporters and the cost of storing and disposing of used fuel, including coal ash and spent nuclear fuel.
Ÿ
Availability of necessary generation capacity, the performance of generation plants and the availability of fuel, including processed nuclear fuel, parts and service from reliable vendors.
Ÿ
The ability to recover fuel and other energy costs through regulated or competitive electric rates.
Ÿ
The ability to build renewable generation, transmission lines and facilities (including the ability to obtain any necessary regulatory approvals and permits) when needed at acceptable prices and terms and to recover those costs.
Ÿ
New legislation, litigation and government regulation, including oversight of nuclear generation, energy commodity trading and new or heightened requirements for reduced emissions of sulfur, nitrogen, mercury, carbon, soot or particulate matter and other substances that could impact the continued operation, cost recovery and/or profitability of generation plants and related assets.
Ÿ
Evolving public perception of the risks associated with fuels used before, during and after the generation of electricity, including nuclear fuel.
Ÿ
Timing and resolution of pending and future rate cases, negotiations and other regulatory decisions, including rate or other recovery of new investments in generation, distribution and transmission service, environmental compliance and Excess ADIT.
Ÿ
Resolution of litigation.
Ÿ
The ability to constrain operation and maintenance costs.
Ÿ
Prices and demand for power generated and sold at wholesale.
Ÿ
Changes in technology, particularly with respect to energy storage and new, developing, alternative or distributed sources of generation.
Ÿ
The ability to recover through rates any remaining unrecovered investment in generation units that may be retired before the end of their previously projected useful lives.
Ÿ
Volatility and changes in markets for capacity and electricity, coal and other energy-related commodities, particularly changes in the price of natural gas.
Ÿ
Changes in utility regulation and the allocation of costs within regional transmission organizations, including ERCOT, PJM and SPP.
Ÿ
Changes in the creditworthiness of the counterparties with contractual arrangements, including participants in the energy trading market.
Ÿ
Actions of rating agencies, including changes in the ratings of debt.
Ÿ
The impact of volatility in the capital markets on the value of the investments held by the pension, other postretirement benefit plans, captive insurance entity and nuclear decommissioning trust and the impact of such volatility on future funding requirements.

v



Ÿ
Accounting pronouncements periodically issued by accounting standard-setting bodies.
Ÿ
Impact of federal tax reform on customer rates, income tax expense and cash flows.
Ÿ
Other risks and unforeseen events, including wars, the effects of terrorism (including increased security costs), embargoes, cyber security threats and other catastrophic events.

The forward-looking statements of the Registrants speak only as of the date of this report or as of the date they are made.  The Registrants expressly disclaim any obligation to update any forward-looking information.  For a more detailed discussion of these factors, see “Risk Factors” in Part I of the 2017 Annual Report and in Part II of this report.

Investors should note that the Registrants announce material financial information in SEC filings, press releases and public conference calls. Based on guidance from the SEC, the Registrants may use the Investors section of AEP’s website (www.aep.com) to communicate with investors about the Registrants. It is possible that the financial and other information posted there could be deemed to be material information. The information on AEP’s website is not part of this report.

vi





AMERICAN ELECTRIC POWER COMPANY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW

Customer Demand

AEP’s weather-normalized retail sales volumes for the second quarter of 2018 increased by 2.0% compared to the second quarter of 2017. AEP’s second quarter 2018 industrial sales increased by 3.0% compared to the second quarter of 2017. The growth in industrial sales was spread across many industries and most operating companies. Weather-normalized residential sales increased 2.1% in the second quarter of 2018 compared to the second quarter of 2017. Weather-normalized commercial sales increased by 0.7% in the second quarter of 2018 compared to the second quarter of 2017.

AEP’s weather-normalized retail sales volumes for the six months ended June 30, 2018 increased by 1.7% compared to the six months ended June 30, 2017. AEP’s industrial sales volumes for the six months ended June 30, 2018 increased 2.8% compared to the six months ended June 30, 2017. The growth in industrial sales was spread across many industries and most operating companies. Weather-normalized residential and commercial sales increased 1.7% and 0.6%, respectively, for the six months ended June 30, 2018 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2017.

Wind Catcher Project

In July 2017, PSO and SWEPCo submitted filings with the OCC, LPSC, APSC and PUCT requesting various regulatory approvals needed for the companies to proceed with the Wind Catcher Project. The Wind Catcher Project includes the acquisition of a wind generation facility, totaling approximately 2,000 MWs of wind generation, and the construction of a generation interconnection tie-line totaling approximately 350 miles. Total investment for the project is estimated to be $4.5 billion and will serve both retail and FERC wholesale load. PSO and SWEPCo will have 30% and 70% ownership shares, respectively, in these assets. The wind generation facility is located in Oklahoma and, if approved by all state commissions, is anticipated to be in-service by the end of 2020. In August 2017 and December 2017, the OCC denied the Oklahoma Attorney General’s respective August and December 2017 motions to dismiss. Also in December 2017, the companies filed a request at the FERC to transfer the wind generation facility to PSO and SWEPCo upon its construction by a third party, which was approved in April 2018.

In February 2018, an ALJ in Oklahoma recommended that PSO’s request for preapproval of future recovery of Wind Catcher Project costs be denied. In March 2018, oral arguments were held before three Oklahoma Commissioners regarding the ALJ report and parties agreed to waive the 240 day statutory deadline for an order to continue settlement discussions. A non-unanimous settlement agreement was filed in Arkansas in February 2018, a unanimous settlement was filed in April 2018 in Louisiana and a non-unanimous settlement was filed in April 2018 in Oklahoma. An amendment to the Joint Stipulation in Oklahoma was filed in May 2018 to include additional parties to the non-unanimous settlement. A separate Joint Stipulation and settlement agreement was reached between PSO and two other parties. The settlement agreements and the companies’ rebuttal testimony filed in Oklahoma, Texas, Arkansas and Louisiana, generally contain certain commitments of PSO and SWEPCo, including a most favored nation clause, a cap on the cost of the investment, guarantees of qualification for production tax credits, minimum annual production from the project and a net benefits guarantee for ten years. In addition, PSO and SWEPCo committed in each jurisdiction to the timely filing of a base rate case to shorten the duration of cost recovery through a temporary mechanism. In May 2018, the APSC approved SWEPCo’s petition to proceed with the Wind Catcher Project. In June 2018, the LPSC approved SWEPCo’s petition to proceed with the Wind Catcher Project. In July 2018, a hearing on the settlement agreements presented in the PSO case was held before the three OCC Commissioners. Also in July 2018, representatives from SWEPCo and AEPSC presented oral arguments before the three PUCT Commissioners. Rulings by the PUCT and OCC are expected in the third quarter of 2018.


1



Other Renewable Generation

The growth of AEP’s renewable generation portfolio reflects the company’s strategy to diversify generation resources to provide clean energy options to customers that meet both their energy and capacity needs.

Contracted Renewable Generation Facilities

AEP continues to develop its renewable portfolio within the Generation & Marketing segment.  Activities include working directly with wholesale and large retail customers to provide tailored solutions based upon market knowledge, technology innovations and deal structuring which may include distributed solar, wind, combined heat and power, energy storage, waste heat recovery, energy efficiency, peaking generation and other forms of cost reducing energy technologies.  Generation & Marketing also develops and/or acquires large scale renewable generation projects that are backed with long-term contracts.  As of June 30, 2018, subsidiaries within AEP’s Generation & Marketing segment have approximately 400 MWs of contracted renewable generation projects in operation.  In addition, as of June 30, 2018, these subsidiaries have approximately 7 MWs of new renewable generation projects under construction with total estimated capital costs of $16 million related to these projects.

In January 2018, AEP admitted a nonaffiliate as a member of Desert Sky Wind Farm LLC and Trent Wind Farm LLC (collectively “the LLCs”) to own and repower Desert Sky and Trent.  The nonaffiliated member contributed full turbine sets to each project in exchange for a 20.1% interest in the LLCs. AEP’s 79.9% share of the LLCs, or 248 MWs, represents $232 million of additional estimated capital, of which $185 million has been incurred and placed into service as property, plant and equipment as of June 30, 2018. AEP is subject to a put and a call option after certain conditions are met, either of which would liquidate the nonaffiliated member’s interest. See Note 13 - Variable Interest Entities for additional information.

Regulated Renewable Generation Facilities

In July 2017, APCo submitted filings with the Virginia SCC and the WVPSC requesting regulatory approval to acquire two wind generation facilities totaling approximately 225 MWs of wind generation. In April 2018, the Virginia SCC denied APCo’s application to acquire the two wind generation facilities. APCo filed a petition for reconsideration with the Virginia SCC, which was denied. In May 2018, the WVPSC also denied APCo’s application to acquire the two wind generation facilities.

Federal Tax Reform

In December 2017, legislation referred to as Tax Reform was signed into law. Tax Reform includes significant changes to the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, (the Code) and had a material impact on the Registrants’ financial statements in the reporting period of its enactment. Tax Reform lowered the corporate federal income tax rate from 35% to 21%. Tax Reform provisions related to regulated public utilities generally allow for the continued deductibility of interest expense, eliminate bonus depreciation for certain property acquired after September 27, 2017 and continue certain rate normalization requirements for accelerated depreciation benefits.

The Registrants expect the mechanism and time period to provide the benefits of Tax Reform to customers will continue to vary by jurisdiction. Tax Reform did not have a material impact on net income in the second quarter of 2018 and is not expected to have a material impact on future net income. However, the Registrants anticipate a decrease in future cash flows primarily due to the elimination of bonus depreciation, the reduction in the federal tax rate from 35% to 21% and the flow back of Excess ADIT. Further, the Registrants expect that access to capital markets will be sufficient to satisfy any liquidity needs that result from any such decrease in future cash flows.

Provisional Amounts

The Registrants applied Staff Accounting Bulletin 118 (SAB 118), issued by the SEC staff in December 2017, and made reasonable estimates for the measurement and accounting of the effects of Tax Reform which are reflected in

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the financial statements as provisional amounts based on the best information available. While the Registrants were able to make reasonable estimates of the impact of Tax Reform in 2017, the final impact may differ from the recorded provisional amounts to the extent refinements are made to the estimated cumulative differences or as a result of additional guidance or technical corrections that may be issued by the IRS that may impact management’s interpretation and assumptions utilized. The Registrants expect to complete the analysis of the provisional items during the second half of 2018.

Reduction in the Corporate Federal Income Tax Rate - Pending Rate Reductions

State utility commissions have issued orders or instructions requiring public utilities, including the Registrants, to record liabilities to reflect the impact of the reduction in the corporate federal income tax rate in excess of the enacted corporate federal income tax rate of 21% beginning in 2018. As of June 30, 2018, AEP has recorded estimated provisions for revenue refunds totaling $144 million as a result of the reduction in the corporate federal tax rate.

Excess ADIT - Pending Rate Reductions

As of June 30, 2018, the Registrants have approximately $4.4 billion of Excess ADIT, as well as an incremental liability of $1.2 billion to reflect the $4.4 billion Excess ADIT on a pretax basis, presented in Regulatory Liabilities and Deferred Investment Tax Credits on the balance sheets.  The Excess ADIT is reflected on a pretax basis to appropriately contemplate future tax consequences in the periods when the regulatory liability is settled.  As of June 30, 2018, approximately $3.4 billion of the Excess ADIT relates to temporary differences associated with certain depreciable property subject to rate normalization requirements.

As reflected in the Registrants’ respective estimated annual ETR for 2018, AEP’s regulated public utilities began amortizing the Excess ADIT associated with certain depreciable property subject to rate normalization requirements using the ARAM during the first quarter of 2018. The amortization resulted in a $33 million reduction in Income Tax Expense for the six months ended June 30, 2018. As a result of state utility commission orders or instructions, the Registrants recorded estimated provisions for revenue refund offsetting the amortization of the Excess ADIT totaling $33 million as of June 30, 2018.

In addition, with respect to the remaining $1 billion of Excess ADIT recorded in Regulatory Liabilities and Deferred Investment Tax Credits that are not subject to rate normalization requirements, the Registrants continue to work with the various state utility commissions to determine the appropriate mechanism and time period to provide these benefits of Tax Reform to customers. As a result of certain state utility commission orders or instructions received and a filed FERC settlement agreement, AEP, AEPTCo, APCo, I&M, and OPCo began amortizing Excess ADIT not subject to rate normalization requirements.

Merchant Coal Generation Assets

Management continues to evaluate potential alternatives for its remaining merchant coal generation assets. These potential alternatives may include, but are not limited to, transfer or sale of AEP’s ownership interests or a wind down of merchant coal-fired generation fleet operations. Management has not set a specific time frame for a decision on these assets. These alternatives could result in additional losses which could reduce future net income and cash flows and impact financial condition.

Hurricane Harvey

In August 2017, Hurricane Harvey hit the coast of Texas, causing power outages in the AEP Texas service territory. As rebuilding efforts continue, AEP Texas’ total costs related to this storm are not yet final. AEP Texas’ current estimated cost is approximately $325 million to $375 million, including capital expenditures. AEP Texas has a PUCT approved catastrophe reserve which allows for the deferral of incremental storm expenses as a regulatory asset, and currently recovers approximately $1 million of storm costs annually through base rates. As of June 30, 2018, the total balance of AEP Texas’ catastrophe reserve deferral is approximately $145 million, inclusive of approximately $121

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million of incremental storm expenses recorded as a regulatory asset related to Hurricane Harvey. As of June 30, 2018, AEP Texas has recorded approximately $199 million of capital expenditures related to Hurricane Harvey. Also, as of June 30, 2018, AEP Texas has received $10 million in insurance proceeds, which were applied to the regulatory asset and property, plant and equipment. Management, in conjunction with the insurance adjusters, is reviewing all damages to determine the extent of coverage for additional insurance reimbursement. Any future insurance recoveries received will be applied to, and will offset, the regulatory asset and property, plant and equipment, as applicable. Management believes the amount recorded as a regulatory asset is probable of recovery and will request securitization of the regulatory asset. The standard process for securitization of storm cost recovery in Texas requires two filings with the PUCT. Management expects that AEP Texas will make the first filing by the end of the third quarter of 2018. If the ultimate costs of the incident are not recovered by insurance or through the regulatory process, it would have an adverse effect on future net income, cash flows and financial condition.

June 2015 - May 2018 ESP Including PPA Application and Proposed ESP Extension through 2024

In April 2018, the PUCO issued an order approving the ESP extension through May 2024 which includes: (a) an extension of the OVEC PPA rider, (b) a 10% return on common equity on capital costs for certain riders, (c) the continuation of riders previously approved in the June 2015 - May 2018 ESP, (d) rate caps related to OPCo’s DIR ranging from $215 million to $290 million for the periods 2018 through 2021, (e) the addition of various new riders, including a Smart City Rider and a Renewable Generation Rider, (f) a decrease in annual depreciation rates, effective June 1, 2018, based on a depreciation study using data through December 2015 and (g) amortization of approximately $24 million annually beginning June 2018 of OPCo’s excess distribution accumulated depreciation reserve, which was $239 million as of December 31, 2015. Upon the issuance of the PUCO order, OPCo stopped recording $39 million in annual amortization in June 2018, which was previously approved to end in December 2018 in accordance with PUCO’s December 2011 OPCo distribution base rate case order. OPCo and intervenors agreed that OPCo can request in future proceedings a change in meter depreciation rates due to retired meters pursuant to the smart grid Phase 2 project. DIR rate caps will be reset in OPCo’s next distribution base rate case which must be filed by June 2020.

In May 2018, OPCo and various intervenors filed requests for rehearing with the PUCO. In June 2018, these requests for rehearing were approved to allow further consideration of the requests. See “Ohio Electric Security Plan Filings” section of Note 4 for additional information.

2016 SEET Filing

In December 2016, OPCo recorded a 2016 SEET provision of $58 million based upon projected earnings data for companies in the comparable utilities risk group. In determining OPCo’s return on equity in relation to the comparable utilities risk group, management excluded the following items resolved in OPCo’s Global Settlement: (a) gain on the deferral of RSR costs, (b) refunds to customers related to the SEET remands and (c) refunds to customers related to fuel adjustment clause proceedings.

In May 2017, OPCo submitted its 2016 SEET filing with the PUCO in which management indicated that OPCo did not have significantly excessive earnings in 2016 based upon actual earnings data for the comparable utilities risk group.

In January 2018, the PUCO staff filed testimony that OPCo did not have significantly excessive earnings. Also in January 2018, an intervenor filed testimony recommending a $53 million refund to customers. In February 2018, OPCo and PUCO staff filed a stipulation agreement in which both parties agreed that OPCo did not have significantly excessive earnings in 2016.

A 2016 SEET hearing was held in April 2018 and management expects to receive an order in the second half of 2018. While management believes that OPCo’s adjusted 2016 earnings were not excessive, management did not adjust OPCo’s 2016 SEET provision due to risks that the PUCO could rule against OPCo’s proposed SEET adjustments, including treatment of the Global Settlement issues described above, adjust the comparable risk group or adopt a different 2016 SEET threshold. If the PUCO orders a refund of 2016 OPCo earnings, it could negatively affect future SEET filings, reduce future net income and cash flows and impact financial condition. See “2016 SEET Filing” section of Note 4 for additional information.

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Rockport Plant, Unit 2 SCR

In October 2016, I&M filed an application with the IURC for approval of a Certificate of Public Convenience and Necessity (CPCN) to install SCR technology at Rockport Plant, Unit 2 by December 2019. The equipment will allow I&M to reduce emissions of NOx from Rockport Plant, Unit 2 in order for I&M to continue to operate that unit under current environmental requirements. The estimated cost of the SCR project is $274 million, excluding AFUDC, to be shared equally between I&M and AEGCo.  The filing included a request for authorization for I&M to defer its Indiana jurisdictional ownership share of costs including investment carrying costs at a weighted average cost of capital (WACC), depreciation over a 10-year period as provided by statute and other related expenses. I&M proposed recovery of these costs using the existing Clean Coal Technology Rider in a future filing subsequent to approval of the SCR project. The AEGCo ownership share of the proposed SCR project will be billable under the Rockport UPA to I&M and KPCo and will be subject to future regulatory approval for recovery.

In March 2018, the IURC issued an order approving: (a) the CPCN, (b) the $274 million estimated cost of the SCR, excluding AFUDC, (c) deferral of the Indiana jurisdictional ownership share of costs, including investment carrying costs, (d) depreciation of the SCR asset over 10 years and (e) recovery of these costs using an I&M Indiana rider.

In April 2018, a group of intervenors filed a Petition for Reconsideration and Rehearing of the March 2018 IURC order.  In June 2018, the IURC denied the Petition for Reconsideration and Rehearing.

2017 Indiana Base Rate Case

In July 2017, I&M filed a request with the IURC for a $263 million annual increase in Indiana rates based upon a proposed 10.6% return on common equity with the annual increase to be implemented after June 2018. Upon implementation, this proposed annual increase would be subject to a temporary offsetting $23 million annual reduction to customer bills through December 2018 for a credit adjustment rider related to the timing of estimated in-service dates of certain capital expenditures.  The proposed annual increase includes $78 million related to increased annual depreciation rates and an $11 million increase related to the amortization of certain Cook Plant and Rockport Plant regulatory assets. The increase in depreciation rates includes a change in the expected retirement date for Rockport Plant, Unit 1 from 2044 to 2028 combined with increased investment at the Cook Plant, including the Cook Plant Life Cycle Management Project.

In February 2018, I&M filed a Stipulation and Settlement Agreement for a $97 million annual increase in Indiana rates effective July 1, 2018 subject to a temporary offsetting reduction to customer bills through December 2018 for a credit rider related to the timing of estimated in-service dates of certain capital expenditures.  The difference between I&M’s requested $263 million annual increase and the $97 million annual increase in the Stipulation and Settlement Agreement is primarily a result of: (a) the reduction in the federal income tax rate due to Tax Reform, (b) the feedback of credits for Excess ADIT, (c) a 9.95% return on equity, (d) longer recovery periods of regulatory assets, (e) lower depreciation expense primarily for meters, (f) an increase in the sharing of off-system sales margins with customers from 50% to 95% and (g) a refund of $4 million from July through December 2018 for the impact of Tax Reform for the period January through June 2018. 
In May 2018, the IURC issued an order approving the Stipulation and Settlement Agreement in its entirety.
2017 Michigan Base Rate Case

In May 2017, I&M filed a request with the MPSC for a $52 million annual increase in Michigan base rates based upon a proposed 10.6% return on common equity with the increase to be implemented no later than April 2018. The proposed annual increase included $23 million related to increased annual depreciation rates and a $4 million increase related to the amortization of certain Cook Plant regulatory assets. The increase in depreciation rates is primarily due to the proposed change in the expected retirement date for Rockport Plant, Unit 1 from 2044 to 2028 combined with increased investment at the Cook Plant related to the Life Cycle Management Project.


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In February 2018, an MPSC ALJ issued a Proposal for Decision and recommended an annual revenue increase of $49 million, including an intervenors’ proposal for up to 10% of I&M’s Michigan retail customers to choose an alternate supplier for generation and a proposed capacity rate based on PJM’s net cost of new entry value of $289/MW-day, as well as the MPSC staff’s recommended calculation of depreciation expense for both units of Rockport Plant through 2028 and a return on common equity of 9.8%.  If the maximum 10% of customers choose an alternate supplier starting in February 2019, the estimated annual pretax loss due to the reduced capacity rate would be approximately $9 million until adjusted in the next base rate case. 

In April 2018, the MPSC issued an order that generally approved the ALJ proposal resulting in an annual revenue increase of $50 million, effective April 2018 based on a 9.9% return on common equity.  The MPSC also approved the ALJ’s recommendation related to the capacity rate.

In May 2018, I&M filed a Petition for Rehearing on the capacity rate issue. In June 2018, the MPSC denied I&M’s request.

Merchant Portion of Turk Plant

SWEPCo constructed the Turk Plant, a base load 600 MW pulverized coal ultra-supercritical generating unit in Arkansas, which was placed into service in December 2012 and is included in the Vertically Integrated Utilities segment. SWEPCo owns 73% (440 MWs) of the Turk Plant and operates the facility.

The APSC granted approval for SWEPCo to build the Turk Plant by issuing a Certificate of Environmental Compatibility and Public Need (CECPN) for the SWEPCo Arkansas jurisdictional share of the Turk Plant (approximately 20%). Following an appeal by certain intervenors, the Arkansas Supreme Court issued a decision that reversed the APSC’s grant of the CECPN. In June 2010, in response to an Arkansas Supreme Court decision, the APSC issued an order which reversed and set aside the previously granted CECPN. This share of the Turk Plant output is currently not subject to cost-based rate recovery and is being sold into the wholesale market. Approximately 80% of the Turk Plant investment is recovered under cost-based rate recovery in Texas, Louisiana and through SWEPCo’s wholesale customers under FERC-based rates. As of June 30, 2018, the net book value of Turk Plant was $1.5 billion, before cost of removal, including materials and supplies inventory and CWIP. If SWEPCo cannot ultimately recover its investment and expenses related to the Turk Plant, it could reduce future net income and cash flows and impact financial condition.

2012 Texas Base Rate Case

In July 2018, the Texas Third Court of Appeals reversed the PUCT’s judgment affirming the prudence of the Turk Plant and remanded the issue back to the PUCT. SWEPCo intends to file a request for rehearing with the court of appeals in the third quarter of 2018. If SWEPCo cannot ultimately recover its investment and expenses related to the Turk Plant, it could reduce future net income and cash flows and impact financial condition. See “2012 Texas Base Rate Case” section of Note 4.

2017 Louisiana Formula Rate Filing

In April 2017, the LPSC approved an uncontested stipulation agreement that SWEPCo filed for its formula rate plan for test year 2015.  The filing included a net annual increase not to exceed $31 million, which was effective May 2017 and includes SWEPCo’s Louisiana jurisdictional share of Welsh Plant and Flint Creek Plant environmental controls which were placed in service in 2016. The net annual increase is subject to refund. In October 2017, SWEPCo filed testimony in Louisiana supporting the prudence of its environmental control investment for Welsh Plant, Units 1 and 3 and Flint Creek power plants. These environmental costs are subject to prudence review by the LPSC. In May 2018, LPSC staff filed testimony that the environmental control investment for Welsh Plant, Units 1 and 3 and Flint Creek power plants is prudent. In July 2018, an ALJ recommended the LPSC approve a settlement agreement for the environmental control investment. An order is expected in the third quarter of 2018. If any of these costs are not recoverable, it could reduce future net income and cash flows and impact financial condition.


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2018 Louisiana Formula Rate Filing

In April 2018, SWEPCo filed its formula rate plan for test year 2017 with the LPSC.  The filing included a net $28 million annual increase, which will be effective August 2018. The increase included SWEPCo’s jurisdictional share of Welsh Plant and Flint Creek Plant environmental controls. The filing also included a reduction in the federal income tax rate due to Tax Reform.

In July 2018, SWEPCo made a supplemental filing to its formula rate plan with the LPSC to reduce the requested annual increase to $18 million. The difference between SWEPCo’s requested $28 million annual increase and the $18 million annual increase in the supplemental filing is primarily the result of the return of Excess ADIT benefits to customers.
If any of these costs are not recoverable, it could reduce future net income and cash flows and impact financial condition.
2017 Kentucky Base Rate Case

In January 2018, the KPSC issued an order approving a non-unanimous settlement agreement with certain modifications resulting in an annual revenue increase of $12 million, effective January 2018, based on a 9.7% return on equity. The KPSC’s primary revenue requirement modification to the settlement agreement was a $14 million annual revenue reduction for the decrease in the corporate federal income tax rate due to Tax Reform. The KPSC approved: (a) the deferral of a total of $50 million of Rockport Plant UPA expenses for the years 2018 through 2022, with the manner and timing of recovery of the deferral to be addressed in KPCo’s next base rate case, (b) the recovery/return of 80% of certain annual PJM OATT expenses above/below the corresponding level recovered in base rates, (c) KPCo’s commitment to not file a base rate case for three years with rates effective no earlier than 2021 and (d) increased depreciation expense based upon updated Big Sandy Plant, Unit 1 depreciation rates using a 20-year depreciable life.

In February 2018, KPCo filed with the KPSC for rehearing of the January 2018 base case order and requested an additional $2.3 million of annual revenue increases related to: (a) the calculation of federal income tax expense, (b) recovery of purchased power costs associated with forced outages and (c) capital structure adjustments.  Also in February 2018, an intervenor filed for rehearing recommending that the reduced corporate federal income tax rate be reflected in lower purchased power expense related to the Rockport UPA.

In April 2018, KPCo and the intervenor filed a settlement agreement with the KPSC in which KPCo withdrew its requested increase related to the recovery of purchased power costs associated with forced outages and the intervenor withdrew its claim regarding the impact of the reduced corporate federal income tax rates on purchased power costs related to the Rockport UPA.

In June 2018, the KPSC issued an order approving the settlement agreement including KPCo’s requested additional revenue increase of $765 thousand related to the calculation of federal income tax expense. This rate increase was effective June 28, 2018.

Also in June 2018, the KPSC issued an order approving a settlement agreement between KPCo and an intervenor that stipulates that KPCo will refund Excess ADIT associated with certain depreciable property using ARAM and Excess ADIT that is not subject to rate normalization requirements over 18 years. The refund was effective July 1, 2018.

2016 Texas Base Rate Case

In December 2016, SWEPCo filed a request with the PUCT for a net increase in Texas annual revenues of $69 million based upon a 10% return on common equity. In January 2018, the PUCT issued a final order approving a net increase in Texas annual revenues of $50 million based upon a return on common equity of 9.6%, effective May 2017. The final order also included (a) approval to recover the Texas jurisdictional share of environmental investments placed in service, as of June 30, 2016, at various plants, including Welsh Plant, Units 1 and 3, (b) approval of recovery of, but no return on, the Texas jurisdictional share of the net book value of Welsh Plant, Unit 2, (c) approval of $2 million in

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additional vegetation management expenses and (d) the rejection of SWEPCo’s proposed transmission cost recovery mechanism.

As a result of the final order, in 2017 SWEPCo (a) recorded an impairment charge of $19 million, which included $7 million associated with the lack of return on Welsh Plant, Unit 2 and $12 million related to other disallowed plant investments, (b) recognized $32 million of additional revenues, for the period of May 2017 through December 2017, that will be surcharged to customers and (c) recognized an additional $7 million of expenses consisting primarily of depreciation expense and vegetation management expense, offset by the deferral of rate case expense. SWEPCo implemented new rates in February 2018 billings. The $32 million of additional 2017 revenues will be collected by the end of 2018. In March 2018, the PUCT clarified and corrected portions of the final order, without changing the overall decision or amounts of the rate change. The order has been appealed by various intervenors.

In April 2018, SWEPCo made an income tax rate refund tariff filing which includes an annual revenue reduction of approximately $18 million to reflect the difference between rates collected under the final order and the rates that would be collected under Tax Reform. The filing did not address the return of Excess ADIT benefits to customers. In June 2018, an order approving interim rates that provided for a reduction of residential rates of $8 million was issued.

Virginia Legislation Affecting Earnings Reviews

In 2015, amendments to Virginia law governing the regulation of investor-owned electric utilities were enacted. Under the amended Virginia law, APCo’s existing generation and distribution base rates were frozen until after the Virginia SCC ruled on APCo’s next biennial review. These amendments also precluded the Virginia SCC from performing biennial reviews of APCo’s earnings for the years 2014 through 2017.

In March 2018, new Virginia legislation impacting investor-owned utilities was enacted, effective July 1, 2018, that will: (a) on a one-time basis, require APCo to exclude $10 million of incurred fuel expenses from the July 2018 over/under recovery calculation, (b) reduce APCo’s base rates by $50 million annually commencing no later than July 30, 2018, on an interim basis and subject to true-up, to reflect the lower federal income tax rate due to Tax Reform, (c) require APCo to file its next generation and distribution base rate case by March 31, 2020 using 2017, 2018 and 2019 test years (“triennial review”), (d) require an adjustment in APCo’s base rates on April 1, 2019 to reflect actual annual reductions in corporate income taxes due to Tax Reform, (e) require APCo to seek approval from the Virginia SCC for energy efficiency programs with projected costs in the aggregate of at least $140 million over the 10-year period ending July 1, 2028 and (f) require APCo to construct and/or acquire solar generation facilities in Virginia, as approved by the Virginia SCC, of at least 200 MW of aggregate capacity by July 1, 2028. Triennial reviews are subject to an earnings test which provides that 70% of any over earnings would be refunded or may be reinvested in approved energy distribution grid transformation projects and/or new utility-owned solar and wind generation facilities. The Virginia SCC’s triennial review of 2017-2019 APCo earnings could reduce future net income and cash flows and impact financial condition.

2018 West Virginia Base Rate Case

In May 2018, APCo and WPCo filed a joint request with the WVPSC to increase their combined West Virginia base rates by $115 million ($98 million related to APCo) annually based on a 10.22% return on common equity. The proposed annual increase includes $32 million ($28 million related to APCo) due to increased annual depreciation rates and also reflects the impact of the reduction in the federal income tax rate due to Tax Reform. A hearing at the WVPSC is scheduled for November 2018. If any of these costs are not recoverable, it could reduce future net income and cash flows and impact financial condition.

FERC Transmission Complaint - AEP’s PJM Participants

In October 2016, seven parties filed a complaint at the FERC that alleged the base return on common equity used by AEP’s transmission owning subsidiaries within PJM in calculating formula transmission rates under the PJM OATT is excessive and should be reduced from 10.99% to 8.32%, effective upon the date of the complaint.  In November 2017, a FERC order set the matter for hearing and settlement procedures.  In March 2018, AEP’s transmission owning

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subsidiaries within PJM and six of the complainants filed a settlement agreement with the FERC (the seventh complainant abstained).  If approved by the FERC the settlement agreement (a) establishes a base ROE for AEP’s transmission owning subsidiaries within PJM of 9.85% (10.35% inclusive of the RTO incentive adder of 0.5%), effective January 1, 2018, (b) requires AEP’s transmission owning subsidiaries within PJM to provide a one-time refund of $50 million, attributable from the date of the complaint through December 31, 2017, which was credited to customer bills in the second quarter of 2018 and (c) increases the cap on the equity portion of the capital structure to 55% from 50%.  As part of the settlement agreement, AEP’s transmission owning subsidiaries within PJM also filed updated transmission formula rates incorporating the reduction in the corporate federal income tax rate due to Tax Reform, effective January 1, 2018 and providing for the amortization of the portion of the Excess ADIT that is not subject to the normalization method of accounting, ratably over a ten-year period through credits to the federal income tax expense component of the revenue requirement. In April 2018, an ALJ accepted the interim settlement rates, which included the $50 million one-time refund that occurred in the second quarter of 2018. These interim rates are subject to refund or surcharge, with interest.

In April 2018, certain intervenors filed comments at the FERC recommending a base ROE of 8.48% and a one-time refund of $184 million. The FERC trial staff filed comments recommending a base ROE of 8.41% and one-time refund of $175 million. Another intervenor recommended the refund be calculated in accordance with the base ROE that will ultimately be approved by the FERC. In May 2018, management filed reply comments providing further support for the 9.85% base ROE agreed to in the settlement agreement.

If the FERC orders revenue reductions in excess of the terms of the settlement agreement, it could reduce future net income and cash flows and impact financial condition.  A decision from the FERC is pending.

Modifications to AEP’s PJM Transmission Rates

In November 2016, AEP’s transmission owning subsidiaries within PJM filed an application at the FERC to modify the PJM OATT formula transmission rate calculation, including an adjustment to recover a tax-related regulatory asset and a shift from historical to projected expenses. In March 2017, the FERC accepted the proposed modifications effective January 1, 2017, subject to refund, and set this matter for hearing and settlement procedures. The modified PJM OATT formula rates are based on projected calendar year financial activity and projected plant balances. In December 2017, AEP’s transmission owning subsidiaries within PJM filed an uncontested settlement agreement with the FERC resolving all outstanding issues. In April 2018, the FERC approved the uncontested settlement agreement and rates were implemented effective January 1, 2018.

FERC Transmission Complaint - AEP’s SPP Participants

In June 2017, several parties filed a complaint at the FERC that states the base return on common equity used by AEP’s transmission owning subsidiaries within SPP in calculating formula transmission rates under the SPP OATT is excessive and should be reduced from 10.7% to 8.36%, effective upon the date of the complaint. In November 2017, a FERC order set the matter for hearing and settlement procedures. Management believes its financial statements adequately address the impact of the complaint. If the FERC orders revenue reductions as a result of the complaint, including refunds from the date of the complaint filing, it could reduce future net income and cash flows and impact financial condition.

Modifications to AEP’s SPP Transmission Rates

In October 2017, AEP’s transmission owning subsidiaries within SPP filed an application at the FERC to modify the SPP OATT formula transmission rate calculation, including an adjustment to recover a tax-related regulatory asset and a shift from historical to projected expenses.  The modified SPP OATT formula rates are based on projected calendar year financial activity and projected plant balances. In December 2017, the FERC accepted the proposed modifications effective January 1, 2018, subject to refund, and set this matter for hearing and settlement procedures. If the FERC determines that any of these costs are not recoverable, it could reduce future net income and cash flows and impact financial condition.


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Welsh Plant - Environmental Impact

Management currently estimates that the investment necessary to meet proposed environmental regulations through 2025 for Welsh Plant, Units 1 and 3 could total approximately $550 million, excluding AFUDC. As of June 30, 2018, SWEPCo had incurred costs of $399 million, including AFUDC, related to these projects.  Management continues to evaluate the impact of environmental rules and related project cost estimates. As of June 30, 2018, the total net book value of Welsh Plant, Units 1 and 3 was $624 million, before cost of removal, including materials and supplies inventory and CWIP.

In 2016, as approved by the APSC, SWEPCo began recovering $79 million related to the Arkansas jurisdictional share of these environmental costs, subject to prudence review in the next Arkansas filed base rate proceeding. In April 2017, the LPSC approved recovery of $131 million in investments related to its Louisiana jurisdictional share of environmental controls installed at Welsh Plant, effective May 2017. SWEPCo’s approved Louisiana jurisdictional share of Welsh Plant deferrals: (a) are $11 million, excluding $6 million of unrecognized equity as of June 30, 2018, (b) is subject to review by the LPSC and (c) includes a WACC return on environmental investments and the related depreciation expense and taxes. See “2017 Louisiana Formula Rate Filing” and “2018 Louisiana Formula Rate Filing” disclosures above.

If any of these costs are not recoverable, it could reduce future net income and cash flows and impact financial condition. See “Welsh Plant - Environmental Impact” section of Note 4 for additional information.

Westinghouse Electric Company Bankruptcy Filing

In March 2017, Westinghouse filed a petition to reorganize under Chapter 11 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code. Westinghouse and I&M have a number of significant ongoing contracts relating to reactor services, nuclear fuel fabrication and ongoing engineering projects.  The most significant of these relate to Cook Plant fuel fabrication.  As part of the reorganization, the bankruptcy court approved Westinghouse’s sale of its nuclear business to Brookfield WEC Holdings (Brookfield), a nonaffiliated third party. Pursuant to the sale, Brookfield will assume all of I&M’s contracts with Westinghouse. The sale is subject to regulatory approvals by the IURC and the MPSC and is expected to close in the third quarter of 2018.

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LITIGATION

In the ordinary course of business, AEP is involved in employment, commercial, environmental and regulatory litigation. Since it is difficult to predict the outcome of these proceedings, management cannot predict the eventual resolution, timing or amount of any loss, fine or penalty. Management assesses the probability of loss for each contingency and accrues a liability for cases that have a probable likelihood of loss if the loss can be estimated.  For details on the regulatory proceedings and pending litigation see Note 4 – Rate Matters and Note 5 – Commitments, Guarantees and Contingencies. Adverse results in these proceedings have the potential to reduce future net income and cash flows and impact financial condition.

Rockport Plant Litigation

In July 2013, the Wilmington Trust Company filed a complaint in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York against AEGCo and I&M alleging that it would be unlawfully burdened by the terms of the modified NSR consent decree after the Rockport Plant, Unit 2 lease expiration in December 2022.  The terms of the consent decree allow the installation of environmental emission control equipment, repowering or retirement of the unit.   The plaintiffs seek a judgment declaring that the defendants breached the lease, must satisfy obligations related to installation of emission control equipment and indemnify the plaintiffs.  The New York court granted a motion to transfer this case to the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Ohio.

AEGCo and I&M sought and were granted dismissal of certain of the plaintiffs’ claims, including claims for compensatory damages, breach of contract, breach of the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing and indemnification of costs. The court permitted plaintiffs to move forward with their claim that AEGCo and I&M failed to exercise prudent utility practices in the maintenance and operation of Rockport Plant, Unit 2. Plaintiffs voluntarily dismissed the surviving claims with prejudice, and the court issued a final judgment. The plaintiffs subsequently filed an appeal in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit on whether the trial court erred in dismissing plaintiffs’ claims for breach of contract and breach of the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing.

In April 2017, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit issued an opinion reversing the district court’s decisions in part. In June 2017, on rehearing, the court of appeals issued an amended opinion reversing the district court’s dismissal of certain of plaintiffs’ claims for breach of contract, vacating the denial of the plaintiffs’ motion for partial summary judgment and remanding the case to the district court for further proceedings.  The amended opinion and judgment affirmed the district court’s dismissal of the owners’ breach of good faith and fair dealing claim as duplicative of the breach of contract claims and removed the instruction to the district court in the original opinion to enter summary judgment in favor of the owners.

In July 2017, AEP filed a motion with the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Ohio in the original NSR litigation, seeking to modify the consent decree to eliminate the obligation to install certain future controls at Rockport Plant, Unit 2 if AEP does not acquire ownership of that Unit, and to modify the consent decree in other respects to preserve the environmental benefits of the consent decree. Responsive and supplemental filings have been made by all parties. The motion is fully briefed and remains pending before the court. In November 2017, the district court granted the owners’ unopposed motion to stay the lease litigation to afford time for resolution of AEP’s motion to modify the consent decree. See “Proposed Modification of the NSR Litigation Consent Decree” section below for additional information.

Management will continue to defend against the claims. Given that the district court dismissed plaintiffs’ claims seeking compensatory relief as premature, and that plaintiffs have yet to present a methodology for determining or any analysis supporting any alleged damages, management is unable to determine a range of potential losses that are reasonably possible of occurring.

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ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES

AEP has a substantial capital investment program and is incurring additional operational costs to comply with environmental control requirements.  Additional investments and operational changes will need to be made in response to existing and anticipated requirements such as new CAA requirements to reduce emissions from fossil fuel-fired power plants, rules governing the beneficial use and disposal of coal combustion by-products, clean water rules and renewal permits for certain water discharges.

AEP is engaged in litigation about environmental issues, was notified of potential responsibility for the clean-up of contaminated sites and incurred costs for disposal of SNF and future decommissioning of the nuclear units.  AEP, along with various industry groups, affected states and other parties challenged some of the Federal EPA requirements in court.  Management is also engaged in the development of possible future requirements including the items discussed below.  Management believes that further analysis and better coordination of these environmental requirements would facilitate planning and lower overall compliance costs while achieving the same environmental goals.

AEP will seek recovery of expenditures for pollution control technologies and associated costs from customers through rates in regulated jurisdictions.  Environmental rules could result in accelerated depreciation, impairment of assets or regulatory disallowances.  If AEP is unable to recover the costs of environmental compliance, it would reduce future net income and cash flows and impact financial condition.

Environmental Controls Impact on the Generating Fleet

The rules and proposed environmental controls discussed below will have a material impact on the generating units in the AEP System.  Management continues to evaluate the impact of these rules, project scope and technology available to achieve compliance.  As of June 30, 2018, the AEP System had a total generating capacity of approximately 25,600 MWs, of which approximately 13,500 MWs were coal-fired.  Management continues to refine the cost estimates of complying with these rules and other impacts of the environmental proposals on the fossil generating facilities. Based upon management estimates, AEP’s investment to meet these existing and proposed requirements ranges from approximately $650 million to $1.5 billion through 2025.

The cost estimates will change depending on the timing of implementation and whether the Federal EPA provides flexibility in finalizing proposed rules or revising certain existing requirements.  The cost estimates will also change based on: (a) the states’ implementation of these regulatory programs, including the potential for state implementation plans (SIPs) or federal implementation plans (FIPs) that impose more stringent standards, (b) additional rulemaking activities in response to court decisions, (c) the actual performance of the pollution control technologies installed on the units, (d) changes in costs for new pollution controls, (e) new generating technology developments, (f) total MWs of capacity retired and replaced, including the type and amount of such replacement capacity, (g) the outcome of the pending motion to modify the NSR consent decree and (h) other factors.  In addition, management is continuing to evaluate the economic feasibility of environmental investments on both regulated and competitive plants.


12



The table below represents the plants or units of plants previously retired that have a remaining net book value. As of June 30, 2018, the net book value before cost of removal, including related materials and supplies inventory, of the plants/units listed below was $190 million. Management is seeking or will seek recovery of the remaining net book value of $190 million in future rate proceedings.
 
 
 
 
Generating
 
Amounts Pending
Company
 
Plant Name and Unit
 
Capacity
 
Regulatory Approval
 
 
 
 
(in MWs) 
 
(in millions)
APCo
 
Kanawha River Plant
 
400

 
$
44.8

APCo
 
Clinch River Plant, Unit 3
 
235

 
32.6

APCo (a)
 
Clinch River Plant, Units 1 and 2
 
470

 
31.8

APCo
 
Sporn Plant, Units 1 and 3
 
300

 
17.2

APCo
 
Glen Lyn Plant
 
335

 
13.4

SWEPCo
 
Welsh Plant, Unit 2
 
528

 
50.6

Total
 
 
 
2,268

 
$
190.4


(a)
APCo obtained permits following the Virginia SCC’s and WVPSC’s approval to convert its 470 MW Clinch River Plant, Units 1 and 2 to natural gas. In 2015, APCo retired the coal-related assets of Clinch River Plant, Units 1 and 2. Clinch River Plant, Unit 1 and Unit 2 began operations as natural gas units in February 2016 and April 2016, respectively.

To the extent existing generation assets are not recoverable, it could materially reduce future net income and cash flows and impact financial condition.

Proposed Modification of the NSR Litigation Consent Decree

In 2007, the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Ohio approved a consent decree between AEP subsidiaries in the eastern area of the AEP System and the Department of Justice, the Federal EPA, eight northeastern states and other interested parties to settle claims that the AEP subsidiaries violated the NSR provisions of the CAA when they undertook various equipment repair and replacement projects over a period of nearly 20 years.  The consent decree’s terms include installation of environmental control equipment on certain generating units, a declining cap on SO2 and NOx emissions from the AEP System and various mitigation projects.

In July 2017, AEP filed a motion with the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Ohio seeking to modify the consent decree to eliminate an obligation to install future controls at Rockport Plant, Unit 2 if AEP does not acquire ownership of that unit, and to modify the consent decree in other respects to preserve the environmental benefits of the consent decree.  The other parties to the consent decree opposed AEP’s motion. The district court granted AEP’s request to delay the deadline to install SCR technology at Rockport Plant, Unit 2 until June 2020.

In January 2018, AEP filed a supplemental motion proposing to install the SCR at Rockport Plant, Unit 2 and achieve the final SO2 emission cap applicable to the plant under the consent decree by the end of 2020, before the expiration of the initial lease term. Since all required emission reductions would be achieved, no unit retirements or other compensating measures were offered to maintain the benefits of the current consent decree. Responsive filings were filed in February 2018 by parties opposing AEP’s proposed modifications to the consent decree. AEP was directed to file a detailed statement of the specific relief requested to address the changed circumstances at Rockport Plant, Unit 2, and the opposing parties were provided with an opportunity to respond thereto. The motion remains pending and a decision from the court is expected in 2018.

AEP is seeking to modify the consent decree as a means to resolve or substantially narrow the issues in pending litigation with the owners of Rockport Plant, Unit 2. See “Rockport Plant Litigation” in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and in Note 5 - Commitments, Guarantees and Contingencies for additional information.


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Clean Air Act Requirements

The CAA establishes a comprehensive program to protect and improve the nation’s air quality and control sources of air emissions. The states implement and administer many of these programs and could impose additional or more stringent requirements. The primary regulatory programs that continue to drive investments in AEP’s existing generating units include: (a) periodic revisions to the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) and the development of SIPs to achieve any more stringent standards, (b) implementation of the regional haze program by the states and the Federal EPA, (c) regulation of hazardous air pollutant emissions under the Mercury and Air Toxics Standards (MATS) Rule, (d) implementation and review of the Cross-State Air Pollution Rule (CSAPR), a FIP designed to eliminate significant contributions from sources in upwind states to nonattainment or maintenance areas in downwind states and (e) the Federal EPA’s regulation of greenhouse gas emissions from fossil-fueled electric generating units under Section 111 of the CAA.

In March 2017, President Trump issued a series of executive orders designed to allow the Federal EPA to review and take appropriate action to revise or rescind regulatory requirements that place undue burdens on affected entities, including specific orders directing the Federal EPA to review rules that unnecessarily burden the production and use of energy. The Federal EPA published notice and an opportunity to comment on how to identify such requirements and what steps can be taken to reduce or eliminate such burdens. Future changes that result from this effort may affect AEP’s compliance plans.

Notable developments in significant CAA regulatory requirements affecting AEP’s operations are discussed in the following sections.

NAAQS

The Federal EPA issued new, more stringent NAAQS for SO2 in 2010, PM in 2012 and ozone in 2015; the existing standards for NO2 were retained after review by the Federal EPA in 2018. Implementation of these standards is underway. In December 2017, the Federal EPA published final designations for certain areas’ compliance with the 2010 SO2 NAAQS. Additional designations will be made in 2020. States may develop additional requirements for AEP’s facilities as a result of these designations. In June 2018, the Federal EPA proposed to retain the current primary standard for SO2 of 75 parts per billion, without change.

In December 2016, the Federal EPA completed an integrated review plan for the 2012 PM standard. Work is currently underway on scientific, risk and policy assessments necessary to develop a proposed rule, which is anticipated in 2021.

Most areas of the country were designated attainment or unclassifiable for the 2015 ozone standard in November 2017. The Federal EPA finalized nonattainment designations for the remaining areas in April and July 2018. The Federal EPA has also issued information to assist the states in developing plans that address their obligations under the interstate transport provisions of the CAA for the 2008 and 2015 ozone standards. The Federal EPA has confirmed that for states included in the CSAPR program, there are no additional interstate transport obligations, as all areas of the country are expected to attain the 2008 ozone standard before 2023. State implementation plans for the 2015 ozone standard are due in October 2018. The Federal EPA had requested a stay of proceedings in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit where challenges to the 2015 ozone standard are pending, to allow reconsideration of that standard by the new administration. In June 2018, the court lifted the stay, allowing those challenges to proceed. Management cannot currently predict the nature, stringency or timing of additional requirements for AEP’s facilities based on the outcome of these activities.

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Regional Haze

The Federal EPA issued a Clean Air Visibility Rule (CAVR), detailing how the CAA’s requirement that certain facilities install best available retrofit technology (BART) would address regional haze in federal parks and other protected areas.  BART requirements apply to facilities built between 1962 and 1977 that emit more than 250 tons per year of certain pollutants in specific industrial categories, including power plants.  CAVR will be implemented through SIPs or, if SIPs are not adequate or are not developed on schedule, through FIPs.  In January 2017, the Federal EPA revised the rules governing submission of SIPs to implement the visibility programs, including a provision that postpones the due date for the next comprehensive SIP revisions until 2021. Petitions for review of the final rule revisions have been filed in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit.

In March 2012, the Federal EPA proposed disapproval of a portion of the regional haze SIP in Arkansas. In April 2015, the Federal EPA published a proposed FIP to replace the disapproved portions, including revised BART determinations for the Flint Creek Plant that were consistent with the planned environmental controls to address other CAA requirements. In September 2016, the Federal EPA published a final FIP, retaining its BART determinations, but accelerating the schedule for implementation of certain required controls. The final rule is being challenged in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit, but has been held in abeyance to allow the parties to engage in settlement negotiations. Arkansas issued a proposed SIP revision to allow sources to participate in the CSAPR ozone season program in lieu of the source-specific NOx BART requirements in the FIP, and the Federal EPA approved the revision. Arkansas issued a second proposal to revise the SO2 BART determinations, and the public comment period on that action has closed. Arkansas and other affected parties filed motions to stay the compliance deadlines pending further action from the Federal EPA and the motion was granted. Management cannot predict the outcome of these proceedings.

The Federal EPA also disapproved portions of the Texas regional haze SIP and promulgated a final FIP that did not include any BART determinations in January 2016. That rule was challenged in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit and in March 2017, the court granted partial remand of the final rule. In January 2017, the Federal EPA proposed source-specific BART requirements for SO2 from sources in Texas, including Welsh Plant, Unit 1. In October 2017, the Federal EPA finalized a FIP that allows participation in the CSAPR ozone season program to satisfy the NOx regional haze obligations for electric generating units in Texas. Additionally, the Federal EPA finalized an intrastate SO2 emissions trading program based on CSAPR allowance allocations as an alternative to source-specific SO2 requirements. The proposed source-specific approach called for a wet FGD system to be installed on Welsh Plant, Unit 1. The opportunity to use emissions trading to satisfy the regional haze requirements for NOx and SO2 at AEP’s affected generating units provides greater flexibility and lower cost compliance options than the original proposal. A challenge to the FIP has been filed in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit by various intervenors. The Federal EPA and petitioners filed a joint motion to hold the case in abeyance pending the Federal EPA’s review of challengers’ petition for reconsideration. In March 2018, that motion was granted. Management supports the intrastate trading program contained in the FIP as a compliance alternative to source-specific controls.

In June 2012, the Federal EPA published revisions to the regional haze rules to allow states participating in the CSAPR trading programs to use those programs in place of source-specific BART for SO2 and NOx emissions based on its determination that CSAPR results in greater visibility improvements than source-specific BART in the CSAPR states.  The rule was challenged in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. The Federal EPA confirmed in 2017 that changes to the CSAPR program, including the removal of Texas sources, did not alter that conclusion. In March 2018, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit affirmed the Federal EPA rule that found that CSAPR provides greater visibility improvements than BART. Challenges to the changes made to the scope of the program in 2016 are being held in abeyance while the Federal EPA reconsiders the Texas SO2 BART FIP.

CSAPR

In 2011, the Federal EPA issued CSAPR as a replacement for the CAIR, a regional trading program designed to address interstate transport of emissions that contributed significantly to downwind nonattainment with the 1997 ozone and PM NAAQS.  Certain revisions to the rule were finalized in 2012.  CSAPR relies on newly-created SO2 and NOx

15



allowances and individual state budgets to compel further emission reductions from electric utility generating units.  Interstate trading of allowances is allowed on a restricted sub-regional basis.

Numerous affected entities, states and other parties filed petitions to review the CSAPR in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. The rule was vacated, but that decision was reversed on appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court. On remand, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit allowed Phase I of CSAPR to take effect on January 1, 2015 and Phase II to take effect on January 1, 2017. In July 2015, the court found that the Federal EPA over-controlled the SO2 and/or NOx budgets of 14 states. The court remanded the rule to the Federal EPA for revision consistent with the court’s opinion while CSAPR remained in place.

In October 2016, the Federal EPA issued a final rule to address the remand and to incorporate additional changes necessary to address the 2008 ozone standard. The final rule significantly reduced ozone season budgets in many states and discounted the value of banked CSAPR ozone season allowances beginning with the 2017 ozone season. The rule has been challenged in the courts and petitions for administrative reconsideration have been filed. In March 2018, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit denied the petitions and other challenges to the rule. Management has been complying with the more stringent ozone season budgets while these petitions were pending.

Mercury and Other Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs) Regulation

In 2012, the Federal EPA issued a rule addressing a broad range of HAPs from coal and oil-fired power plants.  The rule established unit-specific emission rates for units burning coal on a 30-day rolling average basis for mercury, PM (as a surrogate for particles of nonmercury metals) and hydrogen chloride (as a surrogate for acid gases).  In addition, the rule proposed work practice standards, such as boiler tune-ups, for controlling emissions of organic HAPs and dioxin/furans.  Compliance was required within three years. Management obtained administrative extensions for up to one year at several units to facilitate the installation of controls or to avoid a serious reliability problem.

In April 2014, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit denied all of the petitions for review of the April 2012 final rule. Industry trade groups and several states filed petitions for further review in the U.S. Supreme Court.

In June 2015, the U.S. Supreme Court reversed the decision of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. The court remanded the MATS rule to the Federal EPA to consider costs in determining whether to regulate emissions of HAPs from power plants. The Federal EPA issued a supplemental finding concluding that, after considering the costs of compliance, it was appropriate and necessary to regulate HAP emissions from coal-fired and oil-fired units. Petitions for review of the Federal EPA’s determination have been filed in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. Oral argument was scheduled for May 2017, but in April 2017, the Federal EPA requested that oral argument be postponed to facilitate its review of the rule, which remains in effect.

Climate Change, CO2 Regulation and Energy Policy

In October 2015, the Federal EPA published the final CO2 emissions standards for new, modified and reconstructed fossil fuel fired steam generating units and combustion turbines, and final guidelines for the development of state plans to regulate CO2 emissions from existing sources, known as the Clean Power Plan (CPP).

The final rules are being challenged in the courts. In February 2016, the U.S. Supreme Court issued a stay on the final CPP, including all of the deadlines for submission of initial or final state plans. The stay will remain in effect until a final decision is issued by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit and the U.S. Supreme Court considers any petition for review.

In March 2017, the Federal EPA filed in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit notice of: (a) an Executive Order from the President of the United States titled “Promoting Energy Independence and Economic Growth” directing the Federal EPA to review the CPP and related rules, (b) the Federal EPA’s initiation of a review of

16



the CPP and (c) a forthcoming rulemaking related to the CPP consistent with the Executive Order, if the Federal EPA determines appropriate. In this same filing, the Federal EPA also presented a motion to hold the litigation in abeyance until 30 days after the conclusion of review of any resulting rulemaking. The U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit granted the Federal EPA’s motion in part and has requested periodic status reports. In October 2017, the Federal EPA issued a proposed rule repealing the CPP. In December 2017, the Federal EPA issued an advanced notice of proposed rulemaking seeking information that should be considered by the Federal EPA in developing revised guidelines for state programs. Management is actively monitoring these rulemakings and participating in the development of any new guidelines.

AEP has taken action to reduce and offset CO2 emissions from its generating fleet and expects CO2 emissions from its operations to continue to decline due to the retirement of some of its coal-fired generation units, and actions taken to diversify the generation fleet and increase energy efficiency where there is regulatory support for such activities. The majority of the states where AEP has generating facilities passed legislation establishing renewable energy, alternative energy and/or energy efficiency requirements that can assist in reducing carbon emissions.  Management is taking steps to comply with these requirements, including increasing wind and solar installations, power purchases and broadening AEP System’s portfolio of energy efficiency programs.

In February 2018, AEP announced new intermediate and long-term CO2 emission reduction goals, based on the output of the company’s integrated resource plans, which take into account economics, customer demand, grid reliability and resiliency, regulations and the company’s current business strategy. The intermediate goal is a 60% reduction from 2000 CO2 emission levels from AEP generating facilities by 2030; the long-term goal is an 80% reduction of CO2 emissions from AEP generating facilities from 2000 levels by 2050. AEP’s total projected CO2 emissions in 2018 are approximately 90 million metric tons, a 46% reduction from AEP’s 2000 CO2 emissions of approximately 167 million metric tons.

Federal and state legislation or regulations that mandate limits on the emission of CO2 could result in significant increases in capital expenditures and operating costs, which in turn, could lead to increased liquidity needs and higher financing costs.  Excessive costs to comply with future legislation or regulations might force AEP to close some coal-fired facilities, which could possibly lead to impairment of assets.

Coal Combustion Residual Rule

In April 2015, the Federal EPA published a final rule to regulate the disposal and beneficial re-use of coal combustion residuals (CCR), including fly ash and bottom ash generated at coal-fired electric generating units and also FGD gypsum generated at some coal-fired plants.   The rule applies to new and existing active CCR landfills and CCR surface impoundments at operating electric utility or independent power production facilities. The rule imposes construction and operating obligations, including location restrictions, liner criteria, structural integrity requirements for impoundments, operating criteria and additional groundwater monitoring requirements to be implemented on a schedule spanning an approximate four year implementation period. Certain records must be posted to a publicly available internet site. Initial groundwater monitoring reports were posted in the first quarter of 2018, and some of AEP’s existing facilities were required to begin assessment monitoring programs to determine if unacceptable groundwater impacts will trigger future remedial actions.

In December 2016, the U.S. Congress passed legislation authorizing states to submit programs to regulate CCR facilities, and the Federal EPA to approve such programs if they are no less stringent than the minimum federal standards. The Federal EPA may also enforce compliance with the minimum standards until a state program is approved or if states fail to adopt their own programs. Oklahoma has received approval to operate its state program in lieu of the federal rules.

The final 2015 rule has been challenged in the courts. In September 2017, the Federal EPA granted industry petitions to reconsider the CCR rule and asked that litigation regarding the rule be held in abeyance. The U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit heard oral argument in November 2017. In March 2018, the Federal EPA issued a proposed rule to modify certain provisions of the solid waste management standards and provide additional flexibility

17



to facilities regulated under approved state programs. A final rule was signed in July 2018 that modifies certain compliance deadlines and other requirements in the rule, including postponing the closure obligation for unlined surface impoundments that exceed a groundwater protection standard or fail to meet the minimum separation distance from the upper-most aquifer until October 2020, establishing numeric groundwater protection standards for four compounds that do not have primary drinking water standards, authorizing state and federal regulators to suspend groundwater monitoring requirements under limited circumstances and issue technical certifications.  Additional changes to the minimum performance standards that were contained in the March proposed rule will be addressed in future rulemakings.  Management supports the adoption of more flexible compliance alternatives subject to the Federal EPA or state oversight.

Other utilities and industrial sources have been engaged in litigation with environmental advocacy groups who claim that releases of contaminants from wells, CCR units, pipelines and other facilities to ground waters that have a hydrologic connection to a surface water body represents an “unpermitted discharge” under the Clean Water Act. The Federal EPA has opened a rulemaking docket to solicit information to determine whether it should provide additional clarification of the scope of Clean Water Act permitting requirements for discharges to ground water. Management is unable to predict the outcome of these cases or the Federal EPA’s rulemaking, which could impose significant additional costs on AEP’s facilities.

Because AEP currently uses surface impoundments and landfills to manage CCR materials at generating facilities, significant costs will be incurred to upgrade or close and replace these existing facilities and conduct any required remedial actions. Management recorded a $95 million increase in asset retirement obligations in 2015 based on the closure and post-closure care requirements in the final rule. This estimate does not include costs of groundwater remediation, if required. Management will continue to evaluate the rule’s impact on operations.

Clean Water Act (CWA) Regulations

In 2014, the Federal EPA issued a final rule setting forth standards for existing power plants that is intended to reduce mortality of aquatic organisms pinned against a plant’s cooling water intake screen (impingement) or entrained in the cooling water.   Compliance timeframes are established by the permit agency through each facility’s National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permit as those permits are renewed, and have been incorporated into permits at several AEP facilities. Petitions for review were filed by industry and environmental groups in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit.  The court denied the petitions and upheld the final rule. AEP’s facilities are reviewing these requirements as their waste water discharge permits are renewed, and making appropriate adjustments to their intake structures.

In November 2015, the Federal EPA issued a final rule revising effluent limitation guidelines for electricity generating facilities. The rule establishes limits on FGD wastewater, fly ash and bottom ash transport water and flue gas mercury control wastewater to be imposed as soon as possible after November 2018 and no later than December 2023. These requirements will be implemented through each facility’s wastewater discharge permit. The rule has been challenged in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit. In March 2017, industry associations filed a petition for reconsideration of the rule with the Federal EPA. A final rule revising the compliance deadlines for FGD wastewater and bottom ash transport water to be no earlier than 2020 was issued in September 2017. Management continues to assess technology additions and retrofits to comply with the rule and the impacts of the Federal EPA’s recent actions on facilities’ wastewater discharge permitting. Management is actively participating in the reconsideration proceedings.

In June 2015, the Federal EPA and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers jointly issued a final rule to clarify the scope of the regulatory definition of “waters of the United States” in light of recent U.S. Supreme Court cases. The final rule was challenged in both courts of appeal and district courts. In January 2018, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that challenges to the definition of “waters of the United States” must be filed in federal district courts. Challenges to the rule will proceed.

In March 2017, the Federal EPA published a notice of intent to review the rule and provide an advanced notice of a proposed rulemaking consistent with the Executive Order of the President of the United States directing the Federal

18



EPA and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to review and rescind or revise the rule. In June 2017, the agencies signed a notice of proposed rule to rescind the definition of “waters of the United States” that was adopted in June 2015, and to re-codify the definition of that phrase as it existed immediately prior to that action. This action would effectively retain the status quo until a new rule is adopted by the agencies. A supplemental proposal was signed by the Administrator in June 2018 to provide further clarification of the impact of and support for repeal of the 2015 rule. The Federal EPA and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers also finalized a new rule to extend the applicability date of the 2015 rule to 2020. Challenges to the applicability date rule have been filed by third parties in several federal district courts. Management will participate in further rulemaking activities.

19



RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

SEGMENTS

AEP’s primary business is the generation, transmission and distribution of electricity.  Within its Vertically Integrated Utilities segment, AEP centrally dispatches generation assets and manages its overall utility operations on an integrated basis because of the substantial impact of cost-based rates and regulatory oversight.  Intersegment sales and transfers are generally based on underlying contractual arrangements and agreements.

AEP’s reportable segments and their related business activities are outlined below:

Vertically Integrated Utilities

Generation, transmission and distribution of electricity for sale to retail and wholesale customers through assets owned and operated by AEGCo, APCo, I&M, KGPCo, KPCo, PSO, SWEPCo and WPCo.

Transmission and Distribution Utilities

Transmission and distribution of electricity for sale to retail and wholesale customers through assets owned and operated by AEP Texas and OPCo.
OPCo purchases energy and capacity at auction to serve SSO customers and provides transmission and distribution services for all connected load.

AEP Transmission Holdco

Development, construction and operation of transmission facilities through investments in AEPTCo. These investments have FERC-approved returns on equity.
Development, construction and operation of transmission facilities through investments in AEP’s transmission-only joint ventures. These investments have PUCT-approved or FERC-approved returns on equity.

Generation & Marketing

Competitive generation in ERCOT and PJM.
Marketing, risk management and retail activities in ERCOT, PJM, SPP and MISO.
Contracted renewable energy investments and management services.

The remainder of AEP’s activities are presented as Corporate and Other. While not considered a reportable segment, Corporate and Other primarily includes the purchasing of receivables from certain AEP utility subsidiaries, Parent’s guarantee revenue received from affiliates, investment income, interest income and interest expense and other nonallocated costs.

The following discussion of AEP’s results of operations by operating segment includes an analysis of Gross Margin, which is a non-GAAP financial measure. Gross Margin includes Total Revenues less the costs of Fuel and Other Consumables Used for Electric Generation as well as Purchased Electricity for Resale and Amortization of Generation Deferrals as presented in the Registrants statements of income as applicable. Under the various state utility rate making processes, these expenses are generally reimbursable directly from and billed to customers. As a result, they do not typically impact Operating Income or Earnings Attributable to AEP Common Shareholders. Management believes that Gross Margin provides a useful measure for investors and other financial statement users to analyze AEP’s financial performance in that it excludes the effect on Total Revenues caused by volatility in these expenses. Operating Income, which is presented in accordance with GAAP in AEP’s statements of income, is the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure to the presentation of Gross Margin. AEP’s definition of Gross Margin may not be directly comparable to similarly titled financial measures used by other companies.


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The following table presents Earnings (Loss) Attributable to AEP Common Shareholders by segment:
 
Three Months Ended 
 June 30,
 
Six Months Ended 
 June 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
 
(in millions)
Vertically Integrated Utilities
$
276.8

 
$
120.8

 
$
508.0

 
$
340.3

Transmission and Distribution Utilities
114.0

 
111.2

 
239.4

 
230.3

AEP Transmission Holdco
101.1

 
128.4

 
205.1

 
200.2

Generation & Marketing
38.8

 
26.4

 
57.0

 
212.6

Corporate and Other
(2.3
)
 
(11.8
)
 
(26.7
)
 
(16.2
)
Earnings Attributable to AEP Common Shareholders
$
528.4

 
$
375.0

 
$
982.8

 
$
967.2


AEP CONSOLIDATED

Second Quarter of 2018 Compared to Second Quarter of 2017

Earnings Attributable to AEP Common Shareholders increased from $375 million in 2017 to $528 million in 2018 primarily due to:

An increase in weather-related usage.
Favorable rate proceedings in AEP’s various jurisdictions.

Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 Compared to Six Months Ended June 30, 2017

Earnings Attributable to AEP Common Shareholders increased from $967 million in 2017 to $983 million in 2018 primarily due to:

An increase in weather-related usage.
Favorable rate proceedings in AEP’s various jurisdictions.

These increases were partially offset by:

A decrease in earnings in the Generation & Marketing segment primarily due to the 2017 gain resulting from the sale of certain merchant generation assets.

AEP’s results of operations by operating segment are discussed below.


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VERTICALLY INTEGRATED UTILITIES
 
 
Three Months Ended 
 June 30,
 
Six Months Ended 
 June 30,
 Vertically Integrated Utilities
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
 
 
(in millions)
Revenues
 
$
2,349.0

 
$
2,120.5

 
$
4,757.0

 
$
4,410.9

Fuel and Purchased Electricity
 
808.0

 
711.9

 
1,665.8

 
1,500.3

Gross Margin
 
1,541.0

 
1,408.6

 
3,091.2

 
2,910.6

Other Operation and Maintenance
 
703.8

 
717.1

 
1,443.8

 
1,377.2

Depreciation and Amortization
 
312.7

 
278.0

 
626.0

 
556.3

Taxes Other Than Income Taxes
 
107.7

 
99.4

 
217.6

 
200.5

Operating Income
 
416.8

 
314.1

 
803.8

 
776.6

Interest and Investment Income
 
2.4

 
1.0

 
5.0

 
4.1

Carrying Costs Income
 
2.3

 
5.1

 
5.1

 
9.2

Allowance for Equity Funds Used During Construction
 
7.3

 
6.3

 
14.7

 
12.5

Non-Service Cost Components of Net Periodic Benefit Cost
 
17.6

 
5.9

 
35.7

 
11.8

Interest Expense
 
(140.9
)
 
(136.7
)
 
(278.8
)
 
(271.6
)
Income Before Income Tax Expense and Equity Earnings (Loss)
 
305.5

 
195.7

 
585.5

 
542.6

Income Tax Expense
 
28.3

 
68.1

 
76.0

 
195.8

Equity Earnings (Loss) of Unconsolidated Subsidiaries
 
0.7

 
(6.2
)
 
1.2

 
(4.9
)
Net Income
 
277.9

 
121.4

 
510.7

 
341.9

Net Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests
 
1.1

 
0.6

 
2.7

 
1.6

Earnings Attributable to AEP Common Shareholders
 
$
276.8

 
$
120.8

 
$
508.0

 
$
340.3


Summary of KWh Energy Sales for Vertically Integrated Utilities
 
Three Months Ended 
 June 30,
 
Six Months Ended 
 June 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
 
(in millions of KWhs)
Retail:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Residential
7,545

 
6,499

 
17,117

 
14,738

Commercial
6,321

 
5,996

 
12,189

 
11,685

Industrial
8,942

 
8,689

 
17,439

 
16,953

Miscellaneous
586

 
562

 
1,139

 
1,098

Total Retail
23,394

 
21,746

 
47,884

 
44,474

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Wholesale (a)
4,986

 
5,918

 
10,724

 
12,425

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total KWhs
28,380

 
27,664

 
58,608

 
56,899

(a)
Includes off-system sales, municipalities and cooperatives, unit power and other wholesale customers.


22



Heating degree days and cooling degree days are metrics commonly used in the utility industry as a measure of the impact of weather on revenues.  In general, degree day changes in the eastern region have a larger effect on revenues than changes in the western region due to the relative size of the two regions and the number of customers within each region.

Summary of Heating and Cooling Degree Days for Vertically Integrated Utilities
 
Three Months Ended 
 June 30,
 
Six Months Ended 
 June 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
 
(in degree days)
Eastern Region
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Actual  Heating (a)
207

 
85

 
1,844

 
1,266

Normal  Heating (b)
138

 
138

 
1,740

 
1,753

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Actual  Cooling (c)
480

 
335

 
486

 
336

Normal  Cooling (b)
328

 
324

 
333

 
329

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Western Region
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Actual  Heating (a)
93

 
9

 
974

 
539

Normal  Heating (b)
32

 
33

 
907

 
925

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Actual  Cooling (c)
901

 
637

 
937

 
719

Normal  Cooling (b)
692

 
696

 
719

 
720


(a)
Heating degree days are calculated on a 55 degree temperature base.
(b)
Normal Heating/Cooling represents the thirty-year average of degree days.
(c)
Cooling degree days are calculated on a 65 degree temperature base.



23



Second Quarter of 2018 Compared to Second Quarter of 2017
Reconciliation of Second Quarter of 2017 to Second Quarter of 2018
Earnings Attributable to AEP Common Shareholders from Vertically Integrated Utilities
(in millions)
 
 
 
Second Quarter of 2017
 
$
120.8

 
 
 

Changes in Gross Margin:
 
 

Retail Margins
 
112.8

Off-system Sales
 
(4.0
)
Transmission Revenues
 
28.6

Other Revenues
 
(5.0
)
Total Change in Gross Margin
 
132.4

 
 
 

Changes in Expenses and Other:
 
 

Other Operation and Maintenance
 
13.3

Depreciation and Amortization
 
(34.7
)
Taxes Other Than Income Taxes
 
(8.3
)
Interest and Investment Income
 
1.4

Carrying Costs Income
 
(2.8
)
Allowance for Equity Funds Used During Construction
 
1.0

Non-Service Cost Components of Net Periodic Pension Cost
 
11.7

Interest Expense
 
(4.2
)
Total Change in Expenses and Other
 
(22.6
)
 
 
 

Income Tax Expense
 
39.8

Equity Earnings (Loss) of Unconsolidated Subsidiaries
 
6.9

Net Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest
 
(0.5
)
 
 
 
Second Quarter of 2018
 
$
276.8


The major components of the increase in Gross Margin, defined as revenues less the related direct cost of fuel, including consumption of chemicals and emissions allowances, and purchased electricity were as follows:

Retail Margins increased $113 million primarily due to the following:
A $90 million increase in weather-related usage across all regions.
The effect of rate proceedings in AEP’s service territories which included:
A $23 million increase from rate proceedings for I&M.
An $18 million increase for SWEPCo primarily due to rider and base rate revenue increases in Texas, Louisiana and Arkansas.
A $13 million increase for PSO due to new rates implemented in March 2018, inclusive of an $8 million decrease due to the change in the corporate federal tax rate.
For the rate increases described above, $4 million relate to riders/trackers, which have corresponding increases in expense items below.
A $35 million increase for I&M in FERC generation wholesale municipal and cooperative revenues primarily due to changes to the annual formula rate.
An $11 million increase in weather-normalized retail margins primarily in the residential and industrial classes.
These increases were partially offset by:
A $47 million decrease due to the 2018 provisions for customer refunds related to Tax Reform. This decrease was offset in Income Tax Expense below.
A $10 million decrease due to lower weather-normalized wholesale margins, primarily due to SWEPCo and I&M wholesale customer load loss from contracts that expired at the end of 2017.

24



A $9 million decrease primarily due to increased fuel and other variable production costs not recovered through fuel clauses or other trackers.
Margins from Off-system Sales decreased $4 million primarily due to lower sales volumes.
Transmission Revenues increased $29 million primarily due to the following:
A $19 million increase primarily due to the annual formula rate true-up and decreased RTO provisions at I&M.
A $10 million increase primarily due to an increase in transmission investments in SPP.
Other Revenues decreased $5 million primarily due to reduced rates for KPCo Demand Side Management programs beginning in 2018. This decrease was partially offset in Other Operation and Maintenance expense below.

Expenses and Other, Income Tax Expense and Equity Earnings (Loss) of Unconsolidated Subsidiaries changed between years as follows:

Other Operation and Maintenance expenses decreased $13 million primarily due to the following:
A $63 million decrease in PJM transmission services.
This decrease was partially offset by:
A $28 million increase in SPP transmission services.
An $18 million increase due to the Wind Catcher Project for SWEPCo and PSO.
Depreciation and Amortization expenses increased $35 million primarily due to a higher depreciable base.
Taxes Other Than Income Taxes increased $8 million primarily due to:
A $5 million increase in property taxes driven by an increase in utility plant.
A $2 million increase in state and local taxes due to higher reported taxable KWh and taxable revenues.
Non-Service Cost Components of Net Periodic Benefit Cost decreased $12 million primarily due to favorable asset returns for the funded Pension and OPEB plans and by moving to a Medicare Advantage arrangement for post-65 retirees in the Non-UMWA OPEB plan.  Additionally, the decrease was partially due to the implementation of ASU 2017-07 in 2018, which eliminated AEP’s ability to capitalize a portion of its non-service cost components.
Interest Expense increased $4 million primarily due to higher long-term debt balances at I&M.
Income Tax Expense decreased $40 million primarily due to the change in the corporate federal income tax rate from 35% in 2017 to 21% in 2018 as a result of Tax Reform, amortization of Excess ADIT associated with certain depreciable property and by other book/tax differences which are accounted for on a flow-through basis, partially offset by an increase in pretax book income.
Equity Earnings (Loss) of Unconsolidated Subsidiaries increased $7 million primarily due to a prior period income tax adjustment recognized in 2017 for DHLC.



25



Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 Compared to Six Months Ended June 30, 2017
Reconciliation of Six Months Ended June 30, 2017 to Six Months Ended June 30, 2018
Earnings Attributable to AEP Common Shareholders from Vertically Integrated Utilities
(in millions)
 
 
 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2017
 
$
340.3

 
 
 

Changes in Gross Margin:
 
 

Retail Margins
 
162.4

Off-system Sales
 
(3.1
)
Transmission Revenues
 
31.3

Other Revenues
 
(10.0
)
Total Change in Gross Margin
 
180.6

 
 
 

Changes in Expenses and Other:
 
 

Other Operation and Maintenance
 
(66.6
)
Depreciation and Amortization
 
(69.7
)
Taxes Other Than Income Taxes
 
(17.1
)
Interest and Investment Income
 
0.9

Carrying Costs Income
 
(4.1
)
Allowance for Equity Funds Used During Construction
 
2.2

Non-Service Cost Components of Net Periodic Pension Cost
 
23.9

Interest Expense
 
(7.2
)
Total Change in Expenses and Other
 
(137.7
)
 
 
 

Income Tax Expense
 
119.8

Equity Earnings (Loss) of Unconsolidated Subsidiaries
 
6.1

Net Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest
 
(1.1
)
 
 
 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2018
 
$
508.0


The major components of the increase in Gross Margin, defined as revenues less the related direct cost of fuel, including consumption of chemicals and emissions allowances, and purchased electricity were as follows:

Retail Margins increased $162 million primarily due to the following:
A $179 million increase in weather-related usage across all regions.
The effect of rate proceedings in AEP’s service territories which included:
A $46 million increase from rate proceedings for I&M.
A $39 million increase for SWEPCo due to rider and base rate revenue increases in Texas, Louisiana and Arkansas.
A $17 million increase for PSO due to new rates implemented in March 2018, inclusive of a $10 million decrease due to the change in the corporate federal tax rate.
For the rate increases described above, $13 million relate to riders/trackers, which have corresponding increases in expense items below.
A $31 million increase for I&M in FERC generation wholesale municipal and cooperative revenues primarily due to changes to the annual formula rate.
A $28 million increase in weather-normalized retail margins primarily in the residential and industrial classes.
These increases were partially offset by:
A $118 million decrease due to the 2018 provisions for customer refunds related to Tax Reform. This decrease was offset in Income Tax Expense below.
A $26 million decrease due to lower weather-normalized wholesale margins, primarily due to SWEPCo and I&M wholesale customer load loss from contracts that expired at the end of 2017.
A $13 million decrease primarily due to increased fuel and other variable production costs not recovered through fuel clauses or other trackers.

26




Margins from Off-system Sales decreased $3 million primarily due to lower sales volumes.
Transmission Revenues increased $31 million primarily due to the following:
An $18 million increase primarily due to the annual formula rate true-up and decreased RTO provisions at I&M.
A $13 million increase primarily due to an increase in transmission investments in SPP.
Other Revenues decreased $10 million primarily due to reduced rates for KPCo Demand Side Management programs beginning in 2018. This decrease was partially offset in Other Operation and Maintenance expense below.

Expenses and Other, Income Tax Expense and Equity Earnings (Loss) of Unconsolidated Subsidiaries changed between years as follows:

Other Operation and Maintenance expenses increased $67 million primarily due to the following:
A $42 million increase in SPP transmission services.
A $32 million increase due to the Wind Catcher Project for SWEPCo and PSO.
A $16 million increase in plant maintenance primarily for KPCo and I&M.
A $9 million increase due to an increase in estimated expense for claims related to asbestos exposure.
These increases were partially offset by:
A $39 million decrease in PJM transmission services.
A $7 million decrease due to an increased Nuclear Electric Insurance Limited distribution in 2018.
Depreciation and Amortization expenses increased $70 million primarily due to a higher depreciable base.
Taxes Other Than Income Taxes increased $17 million primarily due to:
An $8 million increase in property taxes driven by an increase in utility plant.
A $6 million increase in state and local taxes due to higher reported taxable KWh and taxable revenues and a prior period refund.
Non-Service Cost Components of Net Periodic Benefit Cost decreased $24 million primarily due to favorable asset returns for the funded Pension and OPEB plans and by moving to a Medicare Advantage arrangement for post-65 retirees in the Non-UMWA OPEB plan.  Additionally, the decrease was partially due to the implementation of ASU 2017-07 in 2018, which eliminated AEP’s ability to capitalize a portion of its non-service cost components.
Interest Expense increased $7 million primarily due to increased long-term debt balances at I&M.
Income Tax Expense decreased $120 million primarily due to the change in the corporate federal income tax rate from 35% in 2017 to 21% in 2018 as a result of Tax Reform, amortization of Excess ADIT associated with certain depreciable property and by other book/tax differences which are accounted for on a flow-through basis, partially offset by an increase in pretax book income.
Equity Earnings (Loss) of Unconsolidated Subsidiaries increased $6 million primarily due to a prior period income tax adjustment recognized in 2017 for DHLC.

27



TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION UTILITIES
 
 
Three Months Ended 
 June 30,
 
Six Months Ended 
 June 30,
Transmission and Distribution Utilities
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
 
 
(in millions)
Revenues
 
$
1,137.0

 
$
1,053.5

 
$
2,299.4

 
$
2,139.9

Purchased Electricity
 
196.7

 
186.9

 
441.3

 
410.3

Amortization of Generation Deferrals
 
56.4

 
53.3

 
115.0

 
114.2

Gross Margin
 
883.9

 
813.3

 
1,743.1

 
1,615.4

Other Operation and Maintenance
 
379.0

 
295.9

 
731.7

 
583.8

Depreciation and Amortization
 
184.4

 
163.9

 
357.0

 
320.1

Taxes Other Than Income Taxes
 
132.6

 
126.6

 
270.0

 
253.5

Operating Income
 
187.9

 
226.9

 
384.4

 
458.0

Interest and Investment Income (Loss)
 
(0.1
)
 
0.9

 
1.3

 
4.4

Carrying Costs Income
 
0.6

 
0.6

 
1.3

 
2.5

Allowance for Equity Funds Used During Construction
 
7.2

 
1.2

 
15.2

 
5.4

Non-Service Cost Components of Net Periodic Benefit Cost
 
8.1

 
2.3

 
16.3

 
4.5

Interest Expense
 
(62.0
)
 
(61.5
)
 
(122.1
)
 
(121.5
)
Income Before Income Tax Expense
 
141.7

 
170.4

 
296.4

 
353.3

Income Tax Expense
 
27.7

 
59.2

 
57.0

 
123.0

Net Income
 
114.0

 
111.2

 
239.4

 
230.3

Net Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests
 

 

 

 

Earnings Attributable to AEP Common Shareholders
 
$
114.0

 
$
111.2

 
$
239.4

 
$
230.3


Summary of KWh Energy Sales for Transmission and Distribution Utilities
 
Three Months Ended 
 June 30,
 
Six Months Ended 
 June 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
 
(in millions of KWhs)
Retail:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Residential
6,409

 
5,956

 
13,206

 
11,850

Commercial
6,605

 
6,490

 
12,469

 
12,243

Industrial
6,025

 
5,941

 
11,539

 
11,417

Miscellaneous
175

 
171

 
328

 
331

Total Retail (a)
19,214

 
18,558

 
37,542

 
35,841

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Wholesale (b)
534

 
761

 
1,201

 
1,559

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total KWhs
19,748

 
19,319

 
38,743

 
37,400


(a)
Represents energy delivered to distribution customers.
(b)
Primarily OPCo’s contractually obligated purchases of OVEC power sold into PJM.


28



Heating degree days and cooling degree days are metrics commonly used in the utility industry as a measure of the impact of weather on revenues.  In general, degree day changes in the eastern region have a larger effect on revenues than changes in the western region due to the relative size of the two regions and the number of customers within each region.

Summary of Heating and Cooling Degree Days for Transmission and Distribution Utilities
 
Three Months Ended 
 June 30,
 
Six Months Ended 
 June 30,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
 
(in degree days)
Eastern Region
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Actual  Heating (a)
274

 
97

 
2,158

 
1,500

Normal  Heating (b)
186

 
186

 
2,070

 
2,085

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Actual  Cooling (c)
454

 
312

 
458

 
315

Normal  Cooling (b)
291

 
287

 
294

 
290

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Western Region
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Actual  Heating (a)
4

 
1

 
234

 
103

Normal  Heating (b)
3

 
4

 
194

 
199

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Actual  Cooling (d)
992

 
989

 
1,188

 
1,247

Normal  Cooling (b)
927

 
919

 
1,046

 
1,032


(a)
Heating degree days are calculated on a 55 degree temperature base.
(b)
Normal Heating/Cooling represents the thirty-year average of degree days.
(c)
Eastern Region cooling degree days are calculated on a 65 degree temperature base.
(d)
Western Region cooling degree days are calculated on a 70 degree temperature base.


29



Second Quarter of 2018 Compared to Second Quarter of 2017
Reconciliation of Second Quarter of 2017 to Second Quarter of 2018
Earnings Attributable to AEP Common Shareholders from Transmission and Distribution Utilities
(in millions)
 
 
 
Second Quarter of 2017
 
$
111.2

 
 
 

Changes in Gross Margin:
 
 

Retail Margins
 
65.4

Off-system Sales
 
11.1

Transmission Revenues
 
(2.8
)
Other Revenues
 
(3.1
)
Total Change in Gross Margin
 
70.6

 
 
 

Changes in Expenses and Other:
 
 

Other Operation and Maintenance
 
(83.1
)
Depreciation and Amortization
 
(20.5
)
Taxes Other Than Income Taxes
 
(6.0
)
Interest and Investment Income (Loss)
 
(1.0
)
Allowance for Equity Funds Used During Construction
 
6.0

Non-Service Cost Components of Net Periodic Benefit Cost
 
5.8

Interest Expense
 
(0.5
)
Total Change in Expenses and Other
 
(99.3
)
 
 
 

Income Tax Expense
 
31.5

 
 
 

Second Quarter of 2018
 
$
114.0


The major components of the increase in Gross Margin, defined as revenues less the related direct cost of purchased electricity and amortization of generation deferrals were as follows:

Retail Margins increased $65 million primarily due to the following:
A $70 million net increase in Ohio Basic Transmission Cost Rider revenues and recoverable PJM expenses. This increase was partially offset by an increase in Other Operation and Maintenance below.
A $19 million increase in Ohio revenues associated with the Universal Service Fund (USF). This increase was offset by a corresponding increase in Other Operation and Maintenance expenses below.
An $8 million increase in Ohio rider revenues associated with the DIR. This increase was partially offset in various expenses below.
A $6 million increase in Texas revenues associated with the Distribution Cost Recovery Factor revenue rider.
A $4 million increase in Texas revenues associated with the Transmission Cost Recovery Factor revenue rider. This increase was partially offset by an increase in Other Operation and Maintenance expenses below.
These increases were partially offset by:
A $21 million decrease due to the 2018 provisions for customer refunds related to Tax Reform. This decrease was offset in Income Tax Expense below.
An $11 million decrease in Ohio due to the recovery of lower current year losses from a power contract with OVEC. This decrease was offset by a corresponding increase in Margins from Off-system Sales below.
A $6 million decrease in weather-normalized margins, primarily in the commercial and residential classes.
Margins from Off-system Sales increased $11 million primarily due to lower current year losses from a power contract with OVEC in Ohio which was offset in Retail Margins above as a result of the OVEC PPA rider beginning in January 2017.
Transmission Revenues decreased $3 million primarily due to the following:
A $9 million decrease due to the 2018 provisions for customer refunds due to Tax Reform. This decrease was offset in Income Tax Expense below.

30



This decrease was partially offset by:
A $6 million increase due to recovery of increased transmission investment in ERCOT.
Other Revenues decreased $3 million primarily due to securitization revenue in Texas related to Transition Funding. This decrease was offset in Depreciation and Amortization and Interest Expense below.

Expenses and Other and Income Tax Expense changed between years as follows:

Other Operation and Maintenance expenses increased $83 million primarily due to the following:
A $105 million increase in recoverable transmission expenses that were fully recovered in rate recovery riders/trackers within Gross Margins above.
A $19 million increase in remitted USF surcharge payments to the Ohio Department of Development to fund an energy assistance program for qualified Ohio customers. This increase was offset by a corresponding increase in Retail Margins above.
These increases were partially offset by:
A $48 million decrease in Ohio PJM expenses related to the annual formula rate true-up that will be refunded in future periods.
Depreciation and Amortization expenses increased $21 million primarily due to the following:
An $11 million increase in depreciation expense due to an increase in the depreciable base of transmission and distribution assets.
A $6 million increase in recoverable DIR depreciation expense in Ohio. This increase was offset in Retail Margins above.
Taxes Other Than Income Taxes increased $6 million primarily due to the following:
A $3 million increase in property taxes due to additional investments in transmission and distribution assets and higher tax rates.
A $3 million increase in state excise taxes due to an increase in metered KWhs. This increase was offset in Retail Margins above.
Allowance for Equity Funds Used During Construction increased $6 million primarily due to the following:
A $3 million increase due to increased transmission projects in Texas.
A $1 million increase due to increased projects in Ohio.
Non-Service Cost Components of Net Periodic Benefit Cost decreased $6 million primarily due to favorable asset returns for the funded Pension and OPEB plans and by moving to a Medicare Advantage arrangement for post-65 retirees in the Non-UMWA OPEB plan.  Additionally, the decrease was partially due to the implementation of ASU 2017-07 in 2018, which eliminated AEP’s ability to capitalize a portion of its non-service cost components.
Income Tax Expense decreased $32 million primarily due to the change in the corporate federal income tax rate from 35% in 2017 to 21% in 2018 as a result of 2017 Tax Reform legislation and a decrease in pretax book income.

31



Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 Compared to Six Months Ended June 30, 2017
Reconciliation of Six Months Ended June 30, 2017 to Six Months Ended June 30, 2018
Earnings Attributable to AEP Common Shareholders from Transmission and Distribution Utilities
(in millions)
 
 
 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2017
 
$
230.3

 
 
 

Changes in Gross Margin:
 
 

Retail Margins
 
119.2

Off-system Sales
 
16.6

Transmission Revenues
 
(6.8
)
Other Revenues
 
(1.3
)
Total Change in Gross Margin
 
127.7

 
 
 

Changes in Expenses and Other:
 
 

Other Operation and Maintenance
 
(147.9
)
Depreciation and Amortization
 
(36.9
)
Taxes Other Than Income Taxes
 
(16.5
)
Interest and Investment Income (Loss)
 
(3.1
)
Carrying Costs Income
 
(1.2
)
Allowance for Equity Funds Used During Construction
 
9.8

Non-Service Cost Components of Net Periodic Benefit Cost
 
11.8

Interest Expense
 
(0.6
)
Total Change in Expenses and Other
 
(184.6
)
 
 
 

Income Tax Expense
 
66.0

 
 
 

Six Months Ended June 30, 2018
 
$
239.4


The major components of the increase in Gross Margin, defined as revenues less the related direct cost of purchased electricity and amortization of generation deferrals were as follows:

Retail Margins increased $119 million primarily due to the following:
A $109 million net increase in Ohio Basic Transmission Cost Rider revenues and recoverable PJM expenses. This increase was partially offset by an increase in Other Operation and Maintenance below.
A $40 million increase in Ohio revenues associated with the Universal Service Fund (USF). This increase was offset by a corresponding increase in Other Operation and Maintenance expenses below.
A $14 million increase in Ohio rider revenues associated with the DIR. This increase was partially offset in various expenses below.
A $12 million increase in Texas revenues associated with the Distribution Cost Recovery Factor revenue rider.
An $11 million increase in Texas revenues associated with the Transmission Cost Recovery Factor revenue rider. This increase was partially offset by an increase in Other Operation and Maintenance expenses below.
An $11 million increase in Texas weather-related usage primarily driven by a 127% increase in heating degree days partially offset by a 5% decrease in cooling degree days.
These increases were partially offset by:
A $42 million decrease due to the 2018 provisions for customer refunds related to Tax Reform. This decrease was offset in Income Tax Expense below.
An $18 million decrease in Ohio due to the recovery of lower current year losses from a power contract with OVEC. This decrease was offset by a corresponding increase in Margins from Off-system Sales below.
An $11 million decrease in Energy Efficiency/Peak Demand Reduction rider revenues in Ohio. This decrease was partially offset by a decrease in Other Operation and Maintenance expenses below.
A $9 million decrease in margin for the Ohio Phase-In-Recovery Rider including associated amortizations.

32



A $9 million decrease in Ohio revenues associated with smart grid riders. This decrease was partially offset by a decrease in various expenses below.
Margins from Off-system Sales increased $17 million primarily due to lower current year losses from a power contract with OVEC in Ohio which was offset in Retail Margins above as a result of the OVEC PPA rider beginning in January 2017.
Transmission Revenues decreased $7 million primarily due to the following:
A $20 million decrease due to the 2018 provisions for customer refunds due to Tax Reform. This decrease was offset in Income Tax Expense below.
This decrease was partially offset by:
A $13 million increase due to recovery of increased transmission investment in ERCOT.

Expenses and Other and Income Tax Expense changed between years as follows:

Other Operation and Maintenance expenses increased $148 million primarily due to the following:
A $149 million increase in recoverable transmission expenses that were fully recovered in rate recovery riders/trackers within Gross Margins above.
A $40 million increase in remitted USF surcharge payments to the Ohio Department of Development to fund an energy assistance program for qualified Ohio customers. This increase was offset by a corresponding increase in Retail Margins above.
These increases were partially offset by:
A $50 million decrease in Ohio PJM expenses related to the annual formula rate true-up that will be refunded in future periods.
A $9 million decrease in Ohio Energy Efficiency/Peak Demand Reduction expenses that were fully recovered in rate recovery riders/trackers within Retail Margins above.
Depreciation and Amortization expenses increased $37 million primarily due to the following:
An $18 million increase in depreciation expense due to an increase in the depreciable base of transmission and distribution assets.
A $12 million increase in recoverable DIR depreciation expense in Ohio. This increase was offset in Retail Margins above.
A $4 million increase due to securitization amortizations related to Texas securitized transition funding. This increase was offset in Other Revenues and in Interest Expense.
Taxes Other Than Income Taxes increased $17 million primarily due to the following:
A $9 million increase in property taxes due to additional investments in transmission and distribution assets and higher tax rates.
A $7 million increase in state excise taxes due to an increase in metered KWhs. This increase was offset in Retail Margins above.
Allowance for Equity Funds Used During Construction increased $10 million primarily due to the following:
A $7 million increase due to increased transmission projects in Texas.
A $1 million increase due to increased projects in Ohio.
Non-Service Cost Components of Net Periodic Benefit Cost decreased $12 million primarily due to favorable asset returns for the funded Pension and OPEB plans and by moving to a Medicare Advantage arrangement for post-65 retirees in the Non-UMWA OPEB plan.  Additionally, the decrease was partially due to the implementation of ASU 2017-07 in 2018, which eliminated AEP’s ability to capitalize a portion of its non-service cost components.
Income Tax Expense decreased $66 million primarily due to the change in the corporate federal income tax rate from 35% in 2017 to 21% in 2018 as a result of 2017 Tax Reform legislation and a decrease in pretax book income.

33



AEP TRANSMISSION HOLDCO
 
 
Three Months Ended 
 June 30,
 
Six Months Ended 
 June 30,
AEP Transmission Holdco
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
 
 
(in millions)
Transmission Revenues
 
$
212.5

 
$
247.3

 
$
418.0

 
$
403.4

Other Operation and Maintenance
 
23.4

 
17.4

 
45.3

 
31.5

Depreciation and Amortization
 
33.8

 
24.0

 
65.6

 
48.6

Taxes Other Than Income Taxes
 
37.5

 
28.4

 
70.2

 
56.4

Operating Income
 
117.8

 
177.5

 
236.9

 
266.9

Interest and Investment Income
 
0.4

 
0.1

 
0.7

 
0.3

Allowance for Equity Funds Used During Construction
 
16.3

 
13.5

 
31.6

 
24.3

Non-Service Cost Components of Net Periodic Benefit Cost
 
0.7

 

 
1.4

 
0.1

Interest Expense
 
(21.5
)
 
(17.1
)
 
(42.6
)
 
(34.4
)
Income Before Income Tax Expense and Equity Earnings
 
113.7

 
174.0

 
228.0

 
257.2

Income Tax Expense
 
28.3

 
67.1

 
55.8

 
103.5

Equity Earnings of Unconsolidated Subsidiaries
 
16.5

 
22.1

 
34.5

 
48.1

Net Income
 
101.9

 
129.0

 
206.7

 
201.8

Net Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests
 
0.8

 
0.6

 
1.6

 
1.6

Earnings Attributable to AEP Common Shareholders
 
$
101.1

 
$
128.4

 
$
205.1

 
$
200.2


Summary of Investment in Transmission Assets for AEP Transmission Holdco
 
 
June 30,
 
 
2018
 
2017
 
 
(in millions)
Plant in Service
 
$
6,158.5

 
$
4,809.2

Construction Work in Progress
 
1,626.0

 
1,202.9

Accumulated Depreciation and Amortization
 
219.0

 
137.0

Total Transmission Property, Net
 
$
7,565.5

 
$
5,875.1


34



Second Quarter of 2018 Compared to Second Quarter of 2017
 
Reconciliation of Second Quarter of 2017 to Second Quarter of 2018
Earnings Attributable to AEP Common Shareholders from AEP Transmission Holdco
(in millions)
Second Quarter of 2017
 
$
128.4

 
 
 
Changes in Transmission Revenues:
 
 
Transmission Revenues
 
(34.8
)
Total Change in Transmission Revenues
 
(34.8
)
 
 
 
Changes in Expenses and Other:
 
 
Other Operation and Maintenance
 
(6.0
)
Depreciation and Amortization
 
(9.8
)
Taxes Other Than Income Taxes
 
(9.1
)
Interest and Investment Income
 
0.3

Allowance for Equity Funds Used During Construction
 
2.8

Non-Service Cost Components of Net Periodic Pension Cost
 
0.7

Interest Expense
 
(4.4
)
Total Change in Expenses and Other
 
(25.5
)
 
 
 
Income Tax Expense
 
38.8

Equity Earnings of Unconsolidated Subsidiaries
 
(5.6
)
Net Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests
 
(0.2
)
 
 
 
Second Quarter of 2018
 
$
101.1


The major components of the decrease in transmission revenues, which consists of wholesale sales to affiliates and nonaffiliates, were as follows:

Transmission Revenues decreased $35 million primarily due to the following:
A $64 million decrease in revenues due to a lower annual formula rate true-up in 2018 driven by implementing forward looking formula rates.
This decrease was partially offset by:
A $29 million increase in revenues due to an increase in the formula rate revenue requirement primarily driven by continued investment in transmission assets. This increase includes the impact of the reduction in revenue related to Tax Reform. The decrease in Transmission Revenues related to Tax Reform is offset by a decrease in Income Tax Expense below.

Expenses and Other, Income Tax Expense and Equity Earnings of Unconsolidated Subsidiaries changed between years as follows:

Other Operation and Maintenance expenses increased $6 million primarily due to increased transmission investment.
Depreciation and Amortization expenses increased $10 million primarily due to a higher depreciable base.
Taxes Other Than Income Taxes increased $9 million primarily due to higher property taxes as a result of increased transmission investment.
Interest Expense increased $4 million primarily due to higher outstanding long-term debt balances.
Income Tax Expense decreased $39 million primarily due to the change in the corporate federal income tax rate from 35% in 2017 to 21% in 2018 as a result of Tax Reform and a decrease in pretax book income.
Equity Earnings of Unconsolidated Subsidiaries decreased $6 million due to lower pretax equity earnings at ETT primarily due to decreased revenues driven by Tax Reform.

35



Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 Compared to Six Months Ended June 30, 2017
 
Reconciliation of Six Months Ended June 30, 2017 to Six Months Ended June 30, 2018
Earnings Attributable to AEP Common Shareholders from AEP Transmission Holdco
(in millions)
Six Months Ended June 30, 2017
 
$
200.2

 
 
 
Changes in Transmission Revenues:
 
 
Transmission Revenues
 
14.6

Total Change in Transmission Revenues
 
14.6

 
 
 
Changes in Expenses and Other:
 
 
Other Operation and Maintenance
 
(13.8
)
Depreciation and Amortization
 
(17.0
)
Taxes Other Than Income Taxes
 
(13.8
)
Interest and Investment Income
 
0.4

Allowance for Equity Funds Used During Construction
 
7.3

Non-Service Cost Components of Net Periodic Pension Cost
 
1.3

Interest Expense
 
(8.2
)
Total Change in Expenses and Other
 
(43.8
)
 
 
 
Income Tax Expense
 
47.7

Equity Earnings of Unconsolidated Subsidiaries
 
(13.6
)
 
 
 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2018
 
$
205.1

 
The major components of the increase in transmission revenues, which consists of wholesale sales to affiliates and nonaffiliates, were as follows:
 
Transmission Revenues increased $15 million primarily due to the following:
A $79 million increase in revenues due to an increase in the formula rate revenue requirement primarily driven by continued investment in transmission assets. This increase includes the impact of the reduction in revenue related to Tax Reform. The decrease in Transmission Revenues related to Tax Reform is offset by a decrease in Income Tax Expense below.
This increase was partially offset by:
A $64 million decrease in revenues due to a lower annual formula rate true-up in 2018 driven by implementing forward looking formula rates.
 
Expenses and Other, Income Tax Expense and Equity Earnings of Unconsolidated Subsidiaries changed between years as follows:
 
Other Operation and Maintenance expenses increased $14 million primarily due to increased transmission investment.
Depreciation and Amortization expenses increased $17 million primarily due to a higher depreciable base.
Taxes Other Than Income Taxes increased $14 million primarily due to higher property taxes as a result of increased transmission investment.
Allowance for Equity Funds Used During Construction increased $7 million primarily due to increased transmission investment resulting in a higher CWIP balance.
Interest Expense increased $8 million primarily due to higher outstanding long-term debt balances.
Income Tax Expense decreased $48 million primarily due to the change in the corporate federal income tax rate from 35% in 2017 to 21% in 2018 as a result of Tax Reform and a decrease in pretax book income.
Equity Earnings of Unconsolidated Subsidiaries decreased $14 million primarily due to lower pretax equity earnings at ETT due to decreased revenues driven by Tax Reform and an ETT rate reduction implemented in March 2017.

36



GENERATION & MARKETING
 
 
Three Months Ended 
 June 30,
 
Six Months Ended 
 June 30,
Generation & Marketing
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
 
 
(in millions)
Revenues
 
$
460.7

 
$
410.6

 
$
965.8

 
$
1,002.0

Fuel, Purchased Electricity and Other
 
354.0

 
302.9

 
762.8

 
708.1

Gross Margin
 
106.7

 
107.7

 
203.0

 
293.9

Other Operation and Maintenance
 
56.8

 
72.7