Filed by Bowne Pure Compliance
Table of Contents

 
 
UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 20-F
     
o   REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
OR
     
þ   ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 or 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2007
OR
     
o   TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
OR
     
o   SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
Date of event requiring this shell company report
FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM                      TO                     
COMMISSION FILE NUMBER 1-12610
 
Grupo Televisa, S.A.B.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
N/A
(Translation of Registrant’s name into English)
United Mexican States
(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
Av. Vasco de Quiroga No. 2000
Colonia Santa Fe
01210 Mexico, D.F.
Mexico

(Address of principal executive offices)
 
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
     
Title of each class   Name of each exchange on which registered
A Shares, without par value (“AShares”)   New York Stock Exchange (for listing purposes only)
B Shares, without par value (“B Shares”)   New York Stock Exchange (for listing purposes only)
L Shares, without par value (“L Shares”)   New York Stock Exchange (for listing purposes only)
Dividend Preferred Shares, without par value (“D Shares”)   New York Stock Exchange (for listing purposes only)
Global Depositary Shares (“GDSs”), each representing   New York Stock Exchange
five Ordinary Participation Certificates (Certificados de    
Participación Ordinarios) (“CPOs”)    
CPOs, each representing twenty-five A Shares, twenty-two    
B Shares thirty-five L Shares and thirty-five D Shares   New York Stock Exchange (for listing purposes only)
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None.
Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act:
None.
The number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of
December 31, 2007 was:
112,113,216,990 A Shares
52,093,870,399 B Shares
82,876,553,776 L Shares
82,876,553,776 D Shares
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes þ No o
If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Yes o No þ
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer þ           Accelerated filer o           Non-accelerated filer o
Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:
U.S. GAAP o           International Financial Reporting Standards as issued           Other þ
           by the International Accounting Standards Board o
If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow. Item 17 o Item 18 þ
If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No þ
 
 

 

 


 

TABLE OF CONTENTS
         
PART 1
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PART II
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PART III
    130  
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    130  
 
       
 Exhibit 1.1
 Exhibit 2.11
 Exhibit 4.16
 Exhibit 4.17
 Exhibit 8.1
 Exhibit 12.1
 Exhibit 12.2
 Exhibit 13.1
 Exhibit 13.2
We publish our financial statements in accordance with Mexican Financial Reporting Standards (Normas de Información Financiera), or Mexican FRS, which differ in some significant respects from generally accepted accounting principles in the United States, or U.S. GAAP, and accounting procedures adopted in other countries.

 

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Unless otherwise indicated, (i) information included in this annual report is as of December 31, 2007 and (ii) references to “Ps.” or “Pesos” in this annual report are to Mexican Pesos and references to “Dollars,” “U.S. Dollars,” “U.S. dollars,” “$,” or “U.S.$” are to United States dollars.
Part I
Item 1. Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers
Not applicable.
Item 2. Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable
Not applicable.
Item 3. Key Information
Selected Financial Data
The following tables present our selected consolidated financial information as of and for each of the periods indicated. This data is qualified in its entirety by reference to, and should be read together with, our audited year-end financial statements. The following data for each of the years ended December 31, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 and 2007 has been derived from our audited year-end financial statements, including the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2006 and 2007, and the related consolidated statements of income, of changes in stockholders’ equity and of changes in financial position for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007 and the accompanying notes appearing elsewhere in this annual report. Unless otherwise indicated, all Peso information is stated in Pesos in purchasing power as of December 31, 2007. The data should also be read together with “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects”.
The exchange rate used in translating Pesos into U.S. Dollars in calculating the convenience translations included in the following tables is determined by reference to the interbank free market exchange rate, or the Interbank Rate, as reported by Banco Nacional de México, S.A., or Banamex, as of December 31, 2007, which was Ps.10.9222 per U.S. Dollar. This annual report contains translations of certain Peso amounts into U.S. Dollars at specified rates solely for the convenience of the reader. The exchange rate translations contained in this annual report should not be construed as representations that the Peso amounts actually represent the U.S. Dollar amounts presented or that they could be converted into U.S. Dollars at the rate indicated.
Our year-end financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Mexican FRS, which became effective on January 1, 2006 and which differ in some significant respects from U.S. GAAP. Prior to 2006, Mexican generally accepted accounting principles, or Mexican GAAP, were followed. The adoption of Mexican FRS did not have a significant effect on our consolidated financial statements. Note 23 to our year-end financial statements provides a description of the relevant differences between Mexican FRS, the accounting and reporting standards used in Mexico as of December 31, 2007, and U.S. GAAP as they relate to us, and a reconciliation to U.S. GAAP of net income and other items for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007 stockholders’ equity at December 31, 2006 and 2007. Any reconciliation to U.S. GAAP may reveal certain differences between our stockholders’ equity, net income and other items as reported under Mexican FRS and U.S. GAAP. See “— Risk Factors — Risk Factors Related to Mexico — Differences Between Mexican FRS and U.S. GAAP May Have an Impact on the Presentation of Our Financial Information”.
Effective April 1, 2004, we began consolidating Sky, in accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards Board Interpretation No. 46(R), “Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities”, or FIN 46(R), which is applicable under Mexican FRS NIF A-8, “Supplementary Financial Reporting Standards.”
At a general extraordinary meeting and at special meetings of the stockholders of Grupo Televisa, S.A.B., or Televisa held on April 16, 2004, our stockholders approved the creation of a new class of capital stock, the B Shares, and the distribution of new shares to our stockholders as part of the recapitalization of our capital stock, or the Recapitalization, as described in the Information Statement dated March 25, 2004, which was submitted to the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, on Form 6-K on March 25, 2004. Except where otherwise indicated, all information in this annual report reflects our capital structure as of December 31, 2007.

 

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    Year Ended December 31,  
    2003     2004     2005     2006     2007     2007  
    (Millions of Pesos in purchasing power as of December 31, 2007 or millions of U.S. Dollars)(1)  
(Mexican GAAP/FRS)
                                               
Income Statement Data:
                                               
Net sales
  Ps. 27,652     Ps. 32,704     Ps. 35,068     Ps. 39,358     Ps. 41,562     U.S.$ 3,805  
Operating income
    7,095       9,547       11,663       14,266       14,481       1,326  
Integral cost of financing, net(2)
    721       1,691       1,924       1,141       410       38  
Income from continuing operations
    4,153       6,214       8,330       9,519       9,018       826  
Loss from discontinued operations
    (76 )                              
Cumulative effect of accounting change, net
          (1,139 )     (546 )                  
Net income
    4,220       4,815       6,613       8,909       8,082       740  
Income from continuing operations per CPO(3)
    1.49       2.04       2.46       3.07       2.84        
Net income per CPO(3)
    1.46       1.66       2.27       3.07       2.84        
Weighted-average number of shares outstanding (in millions)(3)(4)
    352,421       345,206       341,158       339,776       333,653        
Cash dividend per CPO(3)
    0.23       1.41       1.49       0.37       1.50        
Shares outstanding (in millions, at year end)(4)
    218,840       341,638       339,941       337,782       329,960        
(U.S. GAAP)(5)
                                               
Income Statement Data:
                                               
Net sales
  Ps. 27,652     Ps. 32,704     Ps. 35,068     Ps. 39,358     Ps. 41,562     U.S.$ 3,805  
Operating income
    7,089       8,746       10,806       14,068       14,322       1,311  
Income from continuing operations
    3,498       4,696       7,368       8,308       8,233       754  
Net income
    3,498       4,696       7,368       8,308       8,233       754  
Income from continuing operations per CPO(3)
    1.21       1.61       2.44       2.76       2.86        
Net income per CPO(3)
    1.21       1.61       2.44       2.76       2.86        
Weighted-average number of Shares outstanding (in millions)(3)(4)
    352,421       345,206       341,158       339,776       333,653        
Shares outstanding (in millions, at year end)(4)
    218,840       341,638       339,941       337,782       329,960        
(Mexican GAAP/FRS)
                                               
Balance Sheet Data (end of year):
                                               
Cash and temporary investments
  Ps. 14,391     Ps. 18,566     Ps. 15,955     Ps. 16,405     Ps. 27,305     U.S.$ 2,500  
Total assets
    75,997       82,469       81,162       86,186       98,703       9,037  
Current portion of long-term debt and other notes payable(6)
    335       3,678       367       1,023       489       45  
Long-term debt, net of current portion(7)
    17,255       21,134       19,581       18,464       24,433       2,237  
Customer deposits and advances
    16,434       17,073       19,484       17,807       19,810       1,814  
Capital stock issued
    9,632       10,677       10,677       10,507       10,268       940  
Total stockholders’ equity (including minority interest)
    32,302       30,796       32,242       38,015       40,650       3,722  
(U.S. GAAP)(5)
                                               
Balance Sheet Data (end of year):
                                               
Cash and cash equivalents
  Ps. 11,667     Ps. 17,746     Ps. 15,833     Ps. 15,461     Ps. 25,480     U.S.$ 2,333  
Total assets
    79,407       91,877       88,724       91,806       103,809       9,504  
Current portion of long-term debt and other notes payable(6)
    335       3,678       367       1,023       489       45  
Long-term debt, net of current portion(7)
    17,255       21,134       19,582       18,464       24,433       2,237  
Total stockholders’ equity (excluding minority interest)
    28,379       29,170       30,589       35,799       36,580       3,349  
(Mexican GAAP/FRS)
                                               
Other Financial Information:
                                               
Capital expenditures(8)
  Ps. 1,249     Ps. 2,173     Ps. 2,849     Ps. 3,346     Ps. 3,878     U.S.$ 355  
(U.S. GAAP)(5)
                                               
Other Financial Information:
                                               
Cash provided by operating activities
    7,380       7,641       10,478       13,074       11,966       1,096  
Cash used for financing activities
    (3,110 )     (703 )     (9,412 )     (4,621 )     (1,254 )     (115 )
Cash used for investing activities
    (2,550 )     (673 )     (2,392 )     (8,216 )     (294 )     (27 )
Other Data (unaudited):
                                               
Average prime time audience share (TV broadcasting)(9)
    70.1 %     68.9 %     68.5 %     69.5 %     69.0 %      
Average prime time rating (TV broadcasting)(9)
    38.1       36.7       36.5       35.5       33.4        
Magazine circulation (millions of copies)(10)
    128       127       145       155       165        
Number of employees (at year end)
    12,300       14,100       15,100       16,200       17,800        
Number of Innova subscribers (in thousands at year end)(11)
    857       1,003       1,251       1,430       1,585        
Number of Cablevisión RGUs (in thousands at year end)(12)
    373       381       475       583       695        
Number of Esmas.com registered users (in thousands at year end)(13)
    3,085       3,665       4,212       4,447       4,500        
Notes to Selected Consolidated Financial Information:
     
(1)  
Except per Certificado de Participación Ordinario, or CPO, ratio, average audience share, average rating, magazine circulation, employee, subscriber, Revenue Generating Units, or RGUs, and registered user data. Information in these footnotes is in thousands of Pesos in purchasing power as of December 31, 2007, unless otherwise indicated.
 
(2)  
Includes interest expense, interest income, foreign exchange gain or loss, net, and gain or loss from monetary position. See Note 18 to our year-end financial statements.
 
(3)  
For further analysis of income (loss) from continuing operations per CPO and net income per CPO (as well as corresponding amounts per A Share not traded as CPOs), see Note 20 (for the calculation under Mexican FRS) and Note 23 (for the calculation under U.S. GAAP) to our year-end financial statements.

 

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(4)  
As of December 31, 2004, 2005, 2006 and 2007, we had four classes of common stock: A Shares, B Shares, D Shares and L Shares. For purposes of this table, the weighted-average number of shares for the year ended December 31, 2003, and the number of shares outstanding as of December 31, 2003, have been adjusted to conform to the 2004, 2005, 2006 and 2007 presentation. Our shares are publicly traded in Mexico, primarily in the form of CPOs, each CPO representing 117 shares comprised of 25 A Shares, 22 B Shares, 35 D Shares and 35 L Shares; and in the United States in the form of GDSs, each GDS representing 5 CPOs. Before March 22, 2006, each GDS represented 20 CPOs.
 
   
The number of CPOs and shares issued and outstanding for financial reporting purposes under Mexican GAAP/FRS and U.S. GAAP is different than the number of CPOs issued and outstanding for legal purposes, because under Mexican GAAP/FRS and U.S. GAAP shares owned by subsidiaries and/or the trusts created to implement our Stock Purchase Plan and our Long-Term Retention Plan are not considered outstanding for financial reporting purposes.
 
   
As of December 31, 2007, for legal purposes, there were approximately 2,461.2 million CPOs issued and outstanding, each of which was represented by 25 A Shares, 22 B Shares, 35 D Shares and 35 L Shares, and an additional number of approximately 58,926.6 million A Shares and 2,357.2 million B Shares (not in the form of CPO units). See Note 12 to our year-end financial statements.
 
(5)  
See Note 23 to our year-end financial statements.
 
(6)  
See Note 8 to our year-end financial statements.
 
(7)  
See “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — Results of Operations — Liquidity, Foreign Exchange and Capital Resources — Indebtedness” and Note 8 to our year-end financial statements.
 
(8)  
Capital expenditures are those investments made by us in property, plant and equipment, which amounts are first translated from Mexican Pesos into U.S. Dollars, and the resulting aggregate U.S. Dollar amount is then translated to Mexican Pesos at year-end exchange rate for convenience purposes only; the aggregate amount of capital expenditures in Mexican Pesos does not indicate the actual amounts accounted for in our consolidated financial statements.
 
(9)  
“Average prime time audience share” for a period refers to the average daily prime time audience share for all of our networks and stations during that period, and “average prime time rating” for a period refers to the average daily rating for all of our networks and stations during that period, each rating point representing one percent of all television households. As used in this annual report, “prime time” in Mexico is 4:00 p.m. to 11:00 p.m., seven days a week, and “weekday prime time” is 7:00 p.m. to 11:00 p.m., Monday through Friday. Data for all periods reflects the average prime time audience share and ratings nationwide as published by the Mexican subsidiary of the Brazilian Institute of Statistics and Public Opinion, or Instituto Brasileño de Opinión Pública y Estadística, or IBOPE Mexico. For further information regarding audience share and ratings information and IBOPE Mexico, see “Information on the Company — Business Overview— Television — Television Broadcasting”.
 
(10)  
The figures set forth in this line item represent total circulation of magazines that we publish independently and through joint ventures and other arrangements and do not represent magazines distributed on behalf of third parties.

 

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(11)  
Innova, S. de R.L. de C.V., or Innova, our direct-to-home, or DTH, satellite service in Mexico, referred to alternatively as Sky for segment reporting purposes, commenced operations on December 15, 1996. The figures set forth in this line item represent the total number of gross active residential and commercial subscribers for Innova at the end of each year presented. For a description of Innova’s business and results of operations and financial condition, see “Information on the Company — Business Overview — DTH Joint Ventures — Mexico and Central America”. Under Mexican FRS, effective January 1, 2001 and through March 31, 2004, we did not recognize equity in results in respect of our investment in Innova in our income statement, as we recognized equity in losses of Innova up to the amount of our initial investment and subsequent capital contributions in Innova. See “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — Results of Operations — Equity in Earnings of Affiliates, Net”. Since April 1, 2004, Innova has been consolidated in our financial results.
 
(12)  
RGU is defined as an individual service subscriber who generates recurring revenue under each service provided by Empresas Cablevisión, S.A.B. de C.V., or Cablevisión (pay-TV, broadband internet and digital telephony). For example, a single subscriber paying for cable television, broadband internet and digital telephony services represents three RGUs. We believe it is appropriate to use the number of RGUs as a performance measure for Cablevisión given that this business provides other services in addition to pay-TV. See “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — Results of Operations — Cable and Telecom” and “Information on the Company — Business Overview — Cable and Telecom”.
 
(13)  
The results of operations of Esmas.com are included in the results of operations of our Other Businesses segment. See “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — Results of Operations — Other Businesses”. For a description of Esmas.com, see “Information on the Company — Business Overview — Other Businesses — Televisa Digital”. The figures set forth in this line item represent the number of registered users in each year presented. The term “registered user” means a visitor that has completed a profile questionnaire that enables the visitor to use the e-mail service provided by Esmas.com.

 

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Dividends
Decisions regarding the payment and amount of dividends are subject to approval by holders of a majority of the A Shares and B Shares voting together, generally, but not necessarily, on the recommendation of the Board of Directors, as well as a majority of the A Shares voting separately. Emilio Azcárraga Jean indirectly controls the voting of the majority of the A Shares and, as a result of such control, both the amount and the payment of dividends require his affirmative vote. See “Major Stockholders and Related Party Transactions — The Major Stockholders”. The amounts in this section are presented in nominal historical figures and therefore have not been restated in constant currency units due to a change in Mexican FRS whereby beginning January 1, 2008 we are no longer required to recognize the effects of inflation on our results. In February 2003, the Board of Directors proposed, and our stockholders approved at our annual general stockholders’ meeting in April 2003, the payment of a dividend in the aggregate amount of Ps.550.0 million, which consisted of a Ps.0.18936540977 dividend per CPO and a Ps.0.05260150265 dividend per A Share not in the form of CPOs. On March 25, 2004, our Board of Directors approved a dividend policy under which we currently intend to pay an annual regular dividend of Ps.0.35 per CPO. Also, on May 21, 2004, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a Ps.3,850.0 million cash distribution to stockholders, equivalent to Ps.1.219 per CPO, which included the annual regular dividend of Ps.0.35 per CPO, that is the dividend corresponding to the Series A and L shares and the cumulative preferred dividend corresponding to the Series D shares. On February 22, 2005, our Board of Directors approved a cash distribution to stockholders, equivalent to Ps.1.35 per CPO, equivalent to approximately Ps.4,250.0 million. On April 29, 2005, at a general stockholders’ meeting, our stockholders approved the payment of an extraordinary dividend of Ps.1.00 per CPO, which is in addition to our ordinary dividend of Ps.0.35 per CPO, for a total dividend of Ps.1.35 per CPO. On April 28, 2006 at a general stockholders’ meeting, our stockholders approved a cash distribution to stockholders for up to Ps.1,104 million, equivalent to Ps.0.00299145 per share, or Ps.0.35 per CPO. On April 27, 2007, at a general stockholders’ meeting, our stockholders approved a cash distribution to stockholders for up to Ps.4,401 million, which includes the payment of an extraordinary dividend of Ps.1.10 per CPO, which is in addition to our ordinary dividend of Ps.0.35 per CPO, for a total dividend of Ps.1.45 per CPO, equivalent to Ps.0.01239316239 per share. On April 30, 2008, at a general stockholders’ meeting, our stockholders approved a cash distribution to stockholders for up to Ps.2,276.3 million, which includes the payment of an extraordinary dividend of Ps.0.40 per CPO, which is in addition to our ordinary dividend of Ps.0.35 per CPO, for a total dividend of Ps.0.75 per CPO, equivalent to Ps.0.00641025641 per share. All of the recommendations of the Board of Directors related to the payment and amount of dividends were voted and approved at the applicable general stockholders’ meetings. The agreements related to some of our outstanding indebtedness contain covenants that restrict, among other things, the payment of dividends, under certain conditions.

 

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Exchange Rate Information
Since 1991, Mexico has had a free market for foreign exchange and, since 1994, the Mexican government has allowed the Peso to float freely against the U.S. Dollar. The Peso was relatively stable from 1999 to 2001. In 2003, the Peso declined in value against the U.S. Dollar and appreciated in 2004, 2005, 2006 and 2007. There can be no assurance that the government will maintain its current policies with regard to the Peso or that the Peso will not depreciate or appreciate significantly in the future.
The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the high, low, average and period end noon buying rate in New York City for cable transfers for Pesos published by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, expressed in Pesos per U.S. Dollar. The rates have not been restated in constant currency units and therefore represent nominal historical figures.
                                 
Period   High     Low     Average(1)     Period End  
2003
    11.4063       10.1130       10.7950       11.2420  
2004
    11.6350       10.8050       11.2897       11.1540  
2005
    11.4110       10.4135       10.8938       10.6275  
2006
    11.4600       10.4315       10.9048       10.7995  
2007
    11.2692       10.6670       10.9277       10.9169  
2008:
                               
January
    10.9730       10.8190       10.9057       10.8190  
February
    10.8236       10.6730       10.7679       10.7263  
March
    10.8490       10.6300       10.7328       10.6300  
April
    10.6005       10.4605       10.5244       10.5322  
May
    10.5701       10.3055       10.4381       10.3390  
June (through June 24)
    10.4365       10.2735       10.3352       10.2925  
 
     
(1)  
Annual average rates reflect the average of the daily exchange rate during the relevant period.
The above rates may differ from the actual rates used in the preparation of the financial statements and the other financial information appearing in this Form 20-F.
The Mexican economy has had balance of payment deficits and shortages in foreign exchange reserves. While the Mexican government does not currently restrict the ability of Mexican or foreign persons or entities to convert Pesos to U.S. Dollars, we cannot assure you that the Mexican government will not institute restrictive exchange control policies in the future, as has occurred from time to time in the past. To the extent that the Mexican government institutes restrictive exchange control policies in the future, our ability to transfer or to convert Pesos into U.S. Dollars and other currencies for the purpose of making timely payments of interest and principal of indebtedness, as well as to obtain foreign programming and other goods, would be adversely affected. See “— Risk Factors — Risk Factors Related to Mexico — Currency Fluctuations or the Devaluation and Depreciation of the Peso Could Limit the Ability of Our Company and Others to Convert Pesos into U.S. Dollars or Other Currencies, Which Could Adversely Affect Our Business, Financial Condition or Results of Operations”.
On June 24, 2008, the noon buying rate was 10.2925 per U.S.$1.00.

 

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Risk Factors
The following is a discussion of risks associated with our company and an investment in our securities. Some of the risks of investing in our securities are general risks associated with doing business in Mexico. Other risks are specific to our business. The discussion below contains information, among other things, about the Mexican government and the Mexican economy obtained from official statements of the Mexican government as well as other public sources. We have not independently verified this information. Any of the following risks, if they actually occur, could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations or the price of our securities.
Risk Factors Related to Mexico
Economic and Political Developments in Mexico May Adversely Affect Our Business
Most of our operations and assets are located in Mexico. As a result, our financial condition, results of operations and business may be affected by the general condition of the Mexican economy, the devaluation of the Peso as compared to the U.S. Dollar, Mexican inflation, interest rates, regulation, taxation, social instability and other political, social and economic developments in or affecting Mexico over which we have no control.
Mexico Has Experienced Adverse Economic Conditions
Mexico has historically experienced uneven periods of economic growth. Mexican gross domestic product, or GDP, increased 3.1%, 4.9% and 3.2% in 2005, 2006 and 2007, respectively. Inflation in 2005, 2006 and 2007 was 3.3%, 4.1% and 3.8%, respectively. Although these inflation rates tend to be lower than Mexico’s historical inflation rates, Mexico’s level of inflation may be higher than the annual inflation rates of its main trading partners, including the United States. Mexican GDP growth fell short of Mexican government estimates in 2007; however, according to Mexican government estimates, Mexican GDP is expected to grow by approximately 2.6% to 2.7%, while inflation is expected to be less than 4.0%, in 2008. We cannot assure you that these estimates will prove to be accurate.
If the Mexican economy should fall into a recession or if inflation and interest rates increase significantly, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected for the following reasons:
   
demand for advertising may decrease both because consumers may reduce expenditures for our advertisers’ products and because advertisers may reduce advertising expenditures; and
 
   
demand for publications, cable television, DTH satellite services, pay-per-view programming, telecommunication services and other services and products may decrease because consumers may find it difficult to pay for these services and products.
Developments in Other Emerging Market Countries or in the U.S. May Adversely Affect the Mexican Economy, the Market Value of Our Securities and Our Results of Operations
The market value of securities of Mexican companies, the economic and political situation in Mexico and our financial condition and results of operations are, to varying degrees, affected by economic and market conditions in other emerging market countries and in the United States. Although economic conditions in other emerging market countries and in the United States may differ significantly from economic conditions in Mexico, investors’ reactions to developments in any of these other countries may have an adverse effect on the market value or trading price of securities of Mexican issuers, including our securities, or on our business. In recent years, for example, prices of Mexican debt securities dropped substantially as a result of developments in Russia, Asia and Brazil.
Our operations, including the demand for our products or services, and the price of our securities, have also historically been adversely affected by increases in interest rates in the United States and elsewhere. As a result, an economic downturn in the United States could have a significant adverse effect on the Mexican economy, which, in turn, could affect our financial condition and results of operations.
Our profitability is affected by numerous factors, including changes in viewing preferences, priorities of advertisers and reductions in advertisers’ budgets. Historically, advertising in most forms of media has correlated positively with the general condition of the economy and thus, is subject to the risks that arise from adverse changes in domestic and global economic conditions, consumer confidence and spending, which may decline as a result of numerous factors outside of our control, such as natural disasters, terrorist attacks and acts of war.

 

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Currency Fluctuations or the Devaluation and Depreciation of the Peso Could Limit the Ability of Our Company and Others to Convert Pesos into U.S. Dollars or Other Currencies, Which Could Adversely Affect Our Business, Financial Condition or Results of Operations
A significant portion of our indebtedness and a significant amount of our costs are U.S. Dollar-denominated, while our revenues are primarily Peso-denominated. As a result, decreases in the value of the Peso against the U.S. Dollar could cause us to incur foreign exchange losses, which would reduce our net income.
Severe devaluation or depreciation of the Peso may also result in governmental intervention, as has resulted in Argentina, or disruption of international foreign exchange markets. This may limit our ability to transfer or convert Pesos into U.S. Dollars and other currencies for the purpose of making timely payments of interest and principal on our indebtedness and adversely affect our ability to obtain foreign programming and other imported goods. The Mexican economy has suffered current account balance payment of deficits and shortages in foreign exchange reserves in the past. While the Mexican government does not currently restrict, and for more than 14 years has not restricted, the right or ability of Mexican or foreign persons or entities to convert Pesos into U.S. Dollars or to transfer other currencies outside of Mexico, there can be no assurance that the Mexican government will not institute restrictive exchange control policies in the future. To the extent that the Mexican government institutes restrictive exchange control policies in the future, our ability to transfer or convert Pesos into U.S. Dollars or other currencies for the purpose of making timely payments of interest and principal on indebtedness, including the notes, as well as to obtain imported goods would be adversely affected. Devaluation or depreciation of the Peso against the U.S. Dollar or other currencies may also adversely affect U.S. Dollar or other currency prices for our debt securities or the cost of imported goods.
High Inflation Rates in Mexico May Decrease Demand for Our Services While Increasing Our Costs
Mexico historically has experienced high levels of inflation, although the rates have been lower in recent years. The annual rate of inflation, as measured by changes in the Mexican National Consumer Price Index, or NCPI, was 3.3% for 2005, 4.1% for 2006 and 3.8% in 2007. An adverse change in the Mexican economy may have a negative impact on price stability and result in higher inflation than its main trading partners. High inflation rates can adversely affect our business and results of operations in the following ways:
   
inflation can adversely affect consumer purchasing power, thereby adversely affecting consumer and advertiser demand for our services and products; and
 
   
to the extent inflation exceeds our price increases, our prices and revenues will be adversely affected in “real” terms.
High Interest Rates in Mexico Could Increase Our Financing Costs
Mexico historically has had, and may continue to have, high real and nominal interest rates. The interest rates on 28-day Mexican government treasury securities averaged 9.2%, 7.2% and 7.2% for 2005, 2006 and 2007, respectively. High interest rates in Mexico could increase our financing costs and thereby impair our financial condition, results of operations and cash flow.
Political Events in Mexico Could Affect Mexican Economic Policy and Our Business, Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Although the Mexican economy has exhibited signs of improvement, general economic sluggishness continues. This continuing weakness in the Mexican economy, combined with recent political events, has slowed economic reform and progress.
The Mexican Congress is not controlled by any specific political party. Therefore, Felipe Calderón Hinojosa and his party, the Partido Acción Nacional, or the National Action Party, have faced opposition in Congress during the first year and a half of Felipe Calderón’s term.
Changes in laws, public policies and government programs may occur in the future. Such changes may have a material adverse effect on the Mexican economic and political situation which, in turn may adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

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National politicians are currently focused on crucial reforms regarding labor and energy laws which have not been and may not be approved. The effects on the social and political situation in Mexico could adversely affect the Mexican economy, including the stability of its currency, which in turn could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations, as well as market conditions and prices for our securities.
Mexican Antitrust Laws May Limit Our Ability to Expand Through Acquisitions or Joint Ventures
Mexico’s Ley Federal de Competencia Económica or Federal Antitrust Law, and related regulations may affect some of our activities, including our ability to introduce new products and services, enter into new or complementary businesses or joint ventures and complete acquisitions. See “Information on the Company — Business Overview — Investments — Alvafig”.
In addition, the Federal Antitrust Law and related regulations or conditions imposed by the Comisión Federal de Competencia, or Mexican Antitrust Commission, may adversely affect our ability to determine the rates we charge for our services and products or the manner in which we provide our products or services. Approval of the Mexican Antitrust Commission, is required for us to acquire certain businesses or enter into certain joint ventures. There can be no assurance that in the future the Mexican Antitrust Commission will authorize certain acquisitions or joint ventures related to our complementary businesses, the denial of which may adversely affect our business strategy, financial condition and results of operations.
Changes in Existing Mexican Laws and Regulations or the Imposition of New Ones May Negatively Affect Our Operations and Revenue
Existing laws and regulations, including among others, tax laws, could be amended, the manner in which laws and regulations are enforced or interpreted could change, and new laws or regulations could be adopted. Such changes could materially adversely affect our operations and our revenue.
Certain amendments to the existing Ley Federal de Radio y Televisión and the Ley Federal de Telecomunicaciones have been enacted. In May 2006, several members of the Senate of the Mexican Federal Congress filed a complaint before the Supreme Court of Justice of Mexico, seeking a declaration that such amendments were unconstitutional and therefore null and void. This complaint was resolved by the Supreme Court of Justice on June 5, 2007, declaring several provisions of the amendments to the Ley Federal de Radio y Televisión and to the Ley Federal de Telecomunicaciones unconstitutional and therefore null and void. Among the provisions declared as unconstitutional by the Supreme Court of Justice are the ones referred to in former Article 28 of the Ley Federal de Radio y Televisión, pursuant to which holders of concessions had the ability to request authorization to provide additional telecommunications services within the same spectrum covered by a current concession without having to participate in a public bid therefor and Article 16 of the Ley Federal de Radio y Televisión, pursuant to which concessions were granted for a fixed term of 20 years having the possibility to renew such concessions by obtaining from the Secretaría de Comunicaciones y Transportes, or SCT, a certification of compliance with their obligations under the concession. As a result of the Supreme Court’s ruling, once the transition to digital television and digital radio broadcasting is completed, if we want to provide additional telecommunications services within the same spectrum granted for digital television or digital radio broadcasting, respectively, we will have to follow the provisions of Article 24 of the Ley Federal de Telecomunicaciones to obtain the concession therefor. Also, there is uncertainty as to how radio and television concessions will be renewed in the future, since the Supreme Court ruling has resulted in requiring the renewal of the concessions to be subject to a public bid process, with a right of preference over other participating bidders given to the incumbent concessionnaire. Additionally, some members of the Mexican Congress have expressed their intent to propose a new Ley Federal de Radio y Televisión, which could affect, among other things, the framework for granting or renewing concessions.
In 2007, the Mexican Federal Congress published an amendment to the Political Constitution of the United Mexican States, or Mexican Constitution, pursuant to which, among other things, the Federal Electoral Institute (Instituto Federal Electoral, or IFE) has, during certain periods, the exclusive right to manage and use the Official Television Broadcast Time and the Official Radio Broadcast Time (jointly referred to in this annual report as Official Broadcast Time). For a description of Official Television Broadcast Time and Official Radio Broadcast Time, see “Information on the Company — Business Overview — Business Strategy — Maintaining our Leading Position in the Mexican Television Market — Advertising Sales Plan” and “Information on the Company — Business Overview — Other Businesses — Radio Advertising”. The IFE has the exclusive right to use the Official Broadcast Time for its own purposes and for the use of political parties in Mexico (as provided in the Mexican Constitution) for self promotion and, when applicable, to promote their electoral campaigns during election day, pre-campaign and campaign periods (referred to in this annual report as the Constitutional Amendment).

 

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The IFE and the political parties must comply with certain requirements included in the Constitutional Amendment for the use of Official Broadcast Time. During federal electoral periods, the IFE will be granted, per the Constitutional Amendment, 48 minutes per day in each radio station and television channel, to be used during pre-campaign periods in two and up to three minutes per broadcast hour in each radio station and television channel, of which all the political parties will be jointly entitled, to use one minute per broadcast hour. During campaign periods, at least 85% of the 48 minutes per day, shall be allocated among the political parties, and the remaining 15% may be used by the IFE for its own purposes. During non-electoral periods, the IFE will be assigned with up to 12% of the Official Broadcast Time, half of which shall be allocated among the political parties. In the event that local elections are held simultaneously with federal elections, the broadcast time granted to the IFE shall be used for the federal and the local elections. During any other local electoral periods, the allocation of broadcast time will be made pursuant to the criteria established by the Constitutional Amendment and as such criteria is reflected in applicable law.
In addition to the foregoing, pursuant to the Constitutional Amendment political parties are forbidden to purchase or acquire advertising time directly or through third parties, from radio or television stations; likewise, third parties shall not acquire advertising time from radio or television stations for the broadcasting of advertisements which may influence the electoral preferences of Mexican citizens, nor in favor or against political parties or candidates to offices elected by popular vote.
We believe we have been operating our business in compliance with the provisions of the Constitutional Amendment; however, we have filed legal actions contesting certain provisions of such Constitutional Amendment.
We cannot predict what impact the Constitutional Amendment will have upon our radio and television businesses at this time, nor can we predict the outcome of the legal actions brought by the Company against such Constitutional Amendment. A decrease in paid advertising of the nature described above could lead to a decrease in our television or radio revenues.
Differences Between Mexican FRS and U.S. GAAP May Have an Impact on the Presentation of Our Financial Information
A principal objective of the securities laws of the United States, Mexico and other countries is to promote full and fair disclosure of all material corporate information. However, there may be less publicly available information about foreign issuers of securities listed in the United States than is regularly published by or about domestic issuers of listed securities. In addition, our financial statements are prepared in accordance with Mexican FRS, which differ from U.S. GAAP and accounting procedures adopted in other countries in a number of respects. Thus, financial statements and reported earnings of Mexican companies may differ from those of companies in other countries with the same financial performance. We are required, however, to file an annual report on Form 20-F containing financial statements reconciled to U.S. GAAP. See Note 23 to our financial statements for a description of the principal differences between Mexican FRS and U.S. GAAP applicable to us. In addition, we do not publish U.S. GAAP information in our interim financial results.
Risk Factors Related to Our Major Stockholders
Emilio Azcárraga Jean has Substantial Influence Over Our Management and the Interests of Mr. Azcárraga Jean may Differ from Those of Other Stockholders
We have four classes of common stock: A Shares, B Shares, D Shares, and L Shares. As of May 31, 2008, approximately 45.48% of the outstanding A Shares, 2.71% of the outstanding B Shares, 2.83% of the outstanding D Shares and 2.83% of the outstanding L Shares of our company are held through a trust, or the Stockholder Trust, including shares in the form of CPOs, or the Stockholder Trust. The largest beneficiary of the Stockholder Trust is a trust for the benefit of Emilio Azcárraga Jean. As a result, Emilio Azcárraga Jean controls the voting of the shares held through the Stockholder Trust. The A Shares held through the Stockholder Trust constitute a majority of the A Shares whose holders are entitled to vote, because non-Mexican holders of CPOs and GDSs, are not permitted by law to vote the underlying A Shares. Accordingly, and so long as non-Mexicans own more than a minimal number of A Shares, Emilio Azcárraga Jean will have the ability to direct the election of 11 out of 20 members of our Board, as well as prevent certain actions by the stockholders, including the timing and payment of dividends, if he so chooses. See “Major Stockholders and Related Party Transactions — The Major Stockholders”.
As Controlling Stockholder, Emilio Azcárraga Jean Will Have the Ability to Limit Our Ability to Raise Capital, Which Would Require Us to Seek Other Financing Arrangements
Emilio Azcárraga Jean has the voting power to prevent us from raising money through equity offerings. Mr. Azcárraga Jean has informed us that if we conduct a primary sale of our equity, he would consider exercising his pre-emptive rights to purchase a sufficient number of additional A Shares in order to maintain such power. In the event that Mr. Azcárraga Jean is unwilling to subscribe for additional shares and/or prevents us from raising money through equity offerings, we would need to raise money through a combination of debt or other forms of financing, which we may not obtain, or if so, possibly not on favorable terms.

 

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Risk Factors Related to Our Business
The Operation of Our Business May Be Terminated or Interrupted if the Mexican Government Does Not Renew or Revokes Our Broadcast or Other Concessions
Under Mexican law, we need concessions from the SCT to broadcast our programming over our television and radio stations and our cable and DTH satellite systems. In July 2004, in connection with the adoption of a release issued by the SCT for the transition to digital television, all of our television concessions were renewed until 2021. The expiration dates for the concessions for our radio stations range from 2008 to 2016. Our cable telecommunications concessions expire in 2029 and our DTH concessions expire in 2020 and 2026. The expiration dates for the concessions for our telephone services range from 2018 to 2026. In the past, the SCT has typically renewed the concessions of those concessionaires that comply with the requisite procedures set forth for renewal under Mexican law and on the respective concession title; however, in connection with our television and radio concessions, there is uncertainty as to how radio and television concessions will be renewed in the future, since the Supreme Court ruling has resulted in requiring the renewal of the concessions to be subject to a public bid process, with a right of preference over other participating bidders given to the incumbent concessionnaire. See “ — Risk Factors Related to Mexico — Changes in Existing Mexican Laws and Regulations or the Imposition of New Ones May Negatively Affect Our Operations and Revenue”.
We Face Competition in Each of Our Markets That We Expect Will Intensify
We face competition in all of our businesses, including television advertising and other media businesses, as well as our strategic investments and joint ventures. In particular, we face substantial competition from TV Azteca, S.A. de C.V., or TV Azteca. We expect increased competition from Univision Communications, Inc., or Univision, as a result of the recent divestiture of our equity interest in Univision and the termination of a certain participation agreement by and among Televisa, Univision, certain principals of Univision, and Venevisión, or the Participation Agreement in connection with the acquisition of Univision by private equity investors. See “Information on the Company — Business Overview — Television — Television Industry in Mexico” and “Information on the Company — Business Overview — Television — Television Broadcasting”. In addition, the entertainment and communications industries in which we operate are changing rapidly because of evolving distribution technologies, including online and digital networks. Our principal competitors in the gaming industry are Corporación Interamericana de Entretenimiento, S.A.B. de C.V., or CIE, and Grupo Caliente S.A. de C.V., or Grupo Caliente.
The telecommunications industry in Mexico is becoming highly competitive, and we face significant competition. Cable operators, who were already authorized to provide bidirectional data and internet broadband services and who have been recently authorized by the Mexican government to also provide voice services, including Voice over Internet Protocol, or VoIP services, pose a risk to us. As the cable operators’ telephony income may be seen as incremental revenue, the price reduction and the vast coverage may prevent us from growing.
On October 2, 2006, the Mexican federal government enacted a new set of regulations known as Convergence Regulations (Acuerdo de Convergencia de Servicios Fijos de Telefonía Local y Televisión y/o Audio Restringidos que se Proporcionan a Través de Redes Públicas Alámbricas e Inalámbricas). The Convergence Regulations allow certain concessionaires of telecommunication services to provide other services not included in their original concessions. Cable television providers may be allowed to provide internet and telephone services if certain requirements and conditions are met. In addition, telephone operators, such as Teléfonos de México, S.A.B. de C.V. or Telmex, may be allowed to provide cable television services if certain requirements and conditions are met. We believe that we may face significant competition from new entrants providing telephony services or cable television services, including cable television providers and telephone operators. See “Information on the Company — Business Overview — Cable and Telecom”.
In November 2006, the Mexican Federal Power Commission, or CFE (Comisión Federal de Electricidad), announced that it had obtained an authorization from the Mexican government, through the Ministry of Communications and Transportation, to use their power lines and infrastructure to provide telecommunication services to cable operators using a new technology model known as power line communications, or PLC, and broadband over power lines communications, or BPL. We believe that this action will result in a significant reduction in the lease prices for infrastructure, as the CFE owns approximately 21,000 kilometers of power lines that could be used to transmit voice, data and video. We are uncertain as to how the CFE authorization to render telecommunication services could affect us, as well as the overall telecommunications landscape in Mexico.

 

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Our future success will be affected by these changes, which we cannot predict. Consolidation in the entertainment, telecommunications and broadcast industries could further intensify competitive pressures. As the pay television, or pay-TV, market in Mexico matures, we expect to face competition from an increasing number of sources, including emerging technologies that provide new services to pay-TV customers and require us to make significant capital expenditures in new technologies and exclusive content. Developments may limit our access to new distribution channels and exclusive content, may require us to make significant capital expenditures in order to have access to new digital and other distribution channels or may create additional competitive pressures on some or all of our businesses.
The Seasonal Nature of Our Business Affects Our Revenue and a Significant Reduction in Fourth Quarter Net Sales Could Impact Our Results of Operations
Our business reflects seasonal patterns of advertising expenditures, which is common in the television broadcast industry, as well as cyclical patterns in periodic events such as the World Cup, the Olympics and political elections. We typically recognize a disproportionately large percentage of our television broadcasting advertising net sales in the fourth quarter in connection with the holiday shopping season. For example, in 2005, 2006 and 2007 we recognized 31.5%, 29.4% and 31.9% respectively, of our net sales in the fourth quarter of the year. Accordingly, a significant reduction in fourth quarter advertising revenue could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Current Litigation We Are Engaged In With Univision May Affect Our Relationship With Univision
In May 2005, Televisa, S.A. de C.V., or Televisa, a subsidiary of the Company, filed a complaint (which was subsequently amended) in the U.S. District Court for the Central District of California, or the Court, alleging that Univision breached the Program License Agreement, or PLA, as amended, among Televisa Internacional, S.A. de C.V. and Univision, as well as the December 19, 2001 letter agreement between Televisa and Univision relating to soccer broadcast rights, or the Soccer Agreement, among other claims (the “District Court Action”). Univision filed related answers denying all allegations and asserting affirmative defenses, as well as related counterclaims against Televisa and the Company. Univision also claimed that the Company had breached other agreements between the parties, including a Participation Agreement entered into as of October 2, 1996 and a Telefutura Production Services Agreement. In addition, Univision claimed that the Company breached a Guaranty dated December 19, 2001, by which, among other things, the Company guaranteed that the Company’s affiliates (including Televisa) would produce a specified minimum number of telenovelas.
During 2006, Televisa and the Company answered the counterclaims, denying them and asserting affirmative defenses based on Univision’s alleged breaches of the agreements, including the PLA, the Guaranty and the Soccer Agreement. Televisa also amended its complaint again, adding the Company as a plaintiff. In their amended complaint, Televisa and the Company asked for a declaration by the court that they had the right to suspend their performance under and to terminate the PLA, the Guaranty and the Soccer Agreement as a result of Univision’s alleged material breaches of those agreements. Univision filed amended counterclaims, seeking, among other things, a declaration by the Court that Televisa and the Company do not have the right to terminate or suspend performance of their obligations under the PLA or the Soccer Agreement. Also, in 2006, Televisa filed a separate lawsuit in the Los Angeles Superior Court, State of California seeking a judicial determination that on or after December 19, 2006, Televisa may transmit or permit others to transmit any television programming into the United States from Mexico by means of the internet. That lawsuit was stayed. In October 2006, Univision added a new counterclaim in the District Court Action for a judicial declaration that on or after December 19, 2006, Televisa may not transmit or permit others to transmit any television programming into the United States by means of the internet (“Univision Internet Counterclaim”).
During 2006 and 2007, in connection with the Company’s complaint in the District Court Action, Univision made payments to the Company under protest of the disputed royalties and of other license fees that Univision alleges have been overcharged and is seeking recovery of these amounts via its counterclaims. The Company has recognized these payments made by Univision as customer deposits and advances in its consolidated balance sheets (see Note 16 to our year-end financial statements).
After a continuance motion, in June 2007, the Court, among other things, reset the trial date of the District Court Action for January 18, 2008. After an additional continuance motion, in October 2007, the Court reset the trial date in the District Court Action for March 18, 2008.
In October 2007, Univision filed a motion for summary judgment whereby it sought a judgment from the Court that Televisa’s claimed breaches of the PLA between Univision and Televisa were not material, and, therefore the PLA was not subject to termination by Televisa. On December 21, 2007, the Court issued an order denying Univision’s motion for summary judgment.

 

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On January 11, 2008, Univision filed a motion to continue the trial date to October 2008. Televisa opposed Univision’s motion. On February 5, 2008, the Court denied Univision’s motion to continue the trial date, and rescheduled the trial in the District Court Action for April 29, 2008.
On April 7, 2008, Univision dismissed without prejudice its counterclaims against Televisa with the exception of its claim for recoupment of disputed royalty payments made to the Company under protest and its claim for a judicial declaration that, on or after December 19, 2006, Televisa may not transmit or permit others to transmit any television programming into the United States by means of the internet, and Televisa dismissed its claim that Univision engaged in unauthorized, significant edits to certain programs licensed to Univision under the PLA and thereby infringed Televisa’s copyrights and breached the PLA with respect to such programs.
On April 22, 2008, the Court in the District Court Action conducted a final pre-trial conference. During the final pre-trial conference, the Court confirmed that the trial would commence on April 29, 2008. Further, the Court ordered that the trial of the Univision Internet Counterclaim will be bifurcated and tried to the Court after the conclusion of the jury trial regarding Televisa’s claims and Univision’s recoupment counterclaim.
On April 28, 2008, at the request of Televisa and Univision, the Court reset the trial date in the District Court Action for July 1, 2008. On June 12, 2008, at the request of Televisa and Univision, the Court further postponed the trial date for October 14, 2008.
We cannot predict how this dispute will affect our overall business relationship with Univision and our overall business. The Company believes the remaining counterclaims and affirmative defenses made by Univision are without merit and will defend its position vigorously.
We Have Experienced Substantial Losses, Primarily in Respect of Our Investments in Innova, and May Continue to Experience Substantial Losses as a Result of Our Participation in Innova, Which Would Adversely Affect Our Net Income
We have invested a significant amount to develop DTH satellite services primarily in Mexico. Although Innova, our DTH joint venture in Mexico, referred to herein, for segment reporting purposes, as Sky, has generated positive cash flow in 2005, 2006 and 2007, we have, in the past, experienced substantial losses and substantial negative cash flow, and we may experience substantial losses over the next several years, as a result of our participation in Innova, which would adversely affect our net income. We cannot assure you that Innova will continue to generate net income in the upcoming years, principally due to the substantial capital expenditures and investments required to expand and improve its DTH service, the impact of any potential devaluation of the Peso versus the U.S. Dollar on Innova’s financial structure, as well as the strong competition that exists in the pay-TV industry in Mexico. See Notes 1(b) and 11 to our year-end financial statements. See “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects”.
Televisa Does Not Maintain Complete Control Over the Operations of Innova
We own a 58.7% interest in Innova, our DTH joint venture in Mexico. The balance of Innova’s equity is indirectly owned by The DIRECTV Group, Inc., or DIRECTV (48% owned by Liberty) through its subsidiaries DTH (Mexico) Investment, LTD, DIRECTV Latin America Holdings, Inc., or DIRECTV Holdings, and DIRECTV Latin America LLC, or DTVLA. Although we hold a majority of Innova’s equity, DIRECTV has significant governance rights, including the right to block any transaction between us and Innova. Accordingly, we do not have complete control over the operations of Innova. The indenture that governs the terms of the notes issued by Innova in September 2003 and the credit agreements entered into by Corporación Novavisión, S. de R.L. de C.V., a subsidiary of Innova, in December 2007, contain covenants that restrict the ability of Innova to pay dividends and make investments and other restricted payments.
In connection with a letter agreement entered into in October 2004, we and DIRECTV Holdings entered into an agreement in February 2005 under which we acquired the right to buy additional interests in Innova from DIRECTV Holdings, which was consummated on April 27, 2006, resulting in us indirectly owning 58.7% of Innova and DIRECTV indirectly owning 41.3% of Innova. We paid approximately U.S.$59 million for the additional equity stake in Innova. See “Information on the Company — Business Overview — DTH Joint Ventures”.
We Have Evaluated the Possibility of Potential Losses in Innova in Case of Business Interruption Due to the Loss of Transmission and Loss of the Use of Satellite Transponders, Which Would Adversely Affect Our Net Income
Media and telecom companies, including Innova, rely on satellite transmissions to conduct their day-to-day business. Any unforeseen and sudden loss of transmission or non-performance of the satellite for Innova (satellite operator) can cause huge losses to Innova’s business. The unforeseen loss of transmission may be caused due to the satellite’s loss of the orbital slot or the reduction in the satellite’s functional life.

 

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The size of the business interruption impact for Innova in the case of a satellite loss exceeds the capability of the insurance market to adequately cover this risk. In order to reduce the possibility of financial consequences resulting from an unforeseen loss of transmission, Innova has entered into an agreement to launch a backup satellite jointly with Sky Brasil Servicos Ltda., or Sky Brasil, and continues to analyze alternatives to reduce the risk until the new satellite is launched and fully operational. We cannot predict the extent of losses to Innova in the case of current or new satellite loss or the effectiveness of any alternative strategy.
Risk Factors Related to Our Securities
Any Actions Stockholders May Wish to Bring Concerning Our Bylaws or the CPO Trust Must Be Brought in a Mexican Court
Our bylaws provide that you must bring any legal actions concerning our bylaws in courts located in Mexico City. The trust agreement governing the CPOs provides that you must bring any legal actions concerning the trust agreement in courts located in Mexico City. All parties to the trust agreement governing the CPOs, including the holders of CPOs, have agreed to submit these disputes only to Mexican courts.
Non-Mexicans May Not Hold A Shares, B Shares or D Shares Directly and Must Have Them Held in a Trust at All Times
Non-Mexicans may not directly own A Shares, B Shares or D Shares, but may hold them indirectly through a CPO trust, which will control the voting of the A Shares and B Shares. Under the terms of the CPO Trust, beginning in December 2008, a non-Mexican holder of CPOs or GDSs may instruct the CPO Trustee to request that we issue and deliver certificates representing each of the shares underlying its CPOs so that the CPO Trustee may sell, to a third party entitled to hold the shares, all of these shares and deliver to the holder any proceeds derived from the sale.
Non-Mexican Holders of Our Securities Forfeit Their Securities if They Invoke the Protection of Their Government
Pursuant to Mexican law, our bylaws provide that non-Mexican holders of CPOs and GDSs may not ask their government to interpose a claim against the Mexican government regarding their rights as stockholders. If non-Mexican holders of CPOs and GDSs violate this provision of our bylaws, they will automatically forfeit the A Shares, B Shares, L Shares and D Shares underlying their CPOs and GDSs to the Mexican government.
Non-Mexican Holders of Our Securities Have Limited Voting Rights
Non-Mexican holders of GDSs are not entitled to vote the A Shares, B Shares and D Shares underlying their securities. The L Shares underlying GDSs, the only series of our Shares that can be voted by non-Mexican holders of GDSs, have limited voting rights. These limited voting rights include the right to elect two directors and limited rights to vote on extraordinary corporate actions, including the delisting of the L Shares and other actions which are adverse to the holders of the L Shares. For a brief description of the circumstances under which holders of L Shares are entitled to vote, see “Additional Information — Bylaws — Voting Rights and Stockholders’ Meetings.”
Our Antitakeover Protections May Deter Potential Acquirors and May Depress Our Stock Price
Certain provisions of our bylaws could make it substantially more difficult for a third party to acquire control of us. These provisions in our bylaws may discourage certain types of transactions involving the acquisition of our securities. These provisions may also limit our stockholders’ ability to approve transactions that may be in their best interests and discourage transactions in which our stockholders might otherwise receive a premium for their Shares over the then current market price, and could possibly adversely affect the trading volume in our equity securities. As a result, these provisions may adversely affect the market price of our securities. Holders of our securities who acquire Shares in violation of these provisions will not be able to vote, or receive dividends, distributions or other rights in respect of, these securities and would be obligated to pay us a penalty. For a description of these provisions, see “Additional Information — Bylaws — Antitakeover Protections.”

 

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GDS Holders May Face Disadvantages When Attempting to Exercise Voting Rights as Compared to Other Holders of Our Securities
In situations where we request that The Bank of New York, the depositary, ask holders for voting instructions, holders may instruct the depositary to exercise their voting rights, if any, pertaining to the deposited securities underlying their GDSs. The depositary will attempt, to the extent practical, to arrange to deliver voting materials to these holders. We cannot assure holders of GDSs that they will receive the voting materials in time to ensure that they can instruct the depositary how to vote the deposited securities underlying their GDSs, or that the depositary will be able to forward those instructions and the appropriate proxy request to the CPO Trustee in a timely manner. For stockholders’ meetings, if the depositary does not receive voting instructions from holders of GDSs or does not forward such instructions and appropriate proxy request in a timely manner, if requested in writing from us, it will provide a proxy to a representative designated by us to exercise these voting rights. If no such written request is made by us, the depositary will not represent or vote, attempt to represent or vote any right that attaches to, or instruct the CPO Trustee to represent or vote, the shares underlying the CPOs in the relevant meeting and, as a result, the underlying shares will be voted in the manner described under “Additional Information — Bylaws — Voting Rights and Stockholders’ Meetings — Holders of CPOs.” For CPO Holders’ meetings, if the depositary does not timely receive instructions from a Mexican or non-Mexican holder of GDSs as to the exercise of voting rights relating to the underlying CPOs in the relevant CPO holders’ meeting, the depositary and the custodian will take such actions as are necessary to cause such CPOs to be counted for purposes of satisfying applicable quorum requirements and, unless we in our sole discretion have given prior written notice to the depositary and the custodian to the contrary, vote them in the same manner as the majority of the CPOs are voted at the relevant CPOs holders’ meeting.
This means that holders of GDSs may not be able to exercise their right to vote and there may be nothing they can do if the deposited securities underlying their GDSs are not voted as they request.
The Interests of Our GDS Holders Will Be Diluted if We Issue New Shares and These Holders Are Unable to Exercise Preemptive Rights for Cash
Under Mexican law and our bylaws, our stockholders have preemptive rights. This means that in the event that we issue new Shares for cash, our stockholders will have a right to subscribe the number of Shares of the same series necessary to maintain their existing ownership percentage in that series. U.S. holders of our GDSs cannot exercise their preemptive rights unless we register any newly issued Shares under the Securities Act of 1933, or the Securities Act, or qualify for an exemption from registration. If U.S. holders of GDSs cannot exercise their preemptive rights, the interests of these holders will be diluted in the event that we issue new Shares for cash. We intend to evaluate at the time of any offering of preemptive rights the costs and potential liabilities associated with registering any additional Shares. We cannot assure you that we will register under the Securities Act any new Shares that we issue for cash. In that connection, in 2002 we did not register the 430.3 million A Shares authorized, issued and subscribed in connection with our Long Term Retention Plan. Accordingly, the voting rights of GDS holders were diluted. See “Directors, Senior Management and Employees — Long-Term Retention Plan” and “Additional Information — Bylaws — Preemptive Rights.” In addition, although the Deposit Agreement provides that the depositary may, after consultation with us, sell preemptive rights in Mexico or elsewhere outside the U.S. and distribute the proceeds to holders of GDSs, under current Mexican law these sales are not possible.
The Protections Afforded to Minority Stockholders in Mexico Are Different From Those in the U.S.
In accordance with the Ley del Mercado de Valores, or the Mexican Securities Market Law, as amended, we amended our bylaws to increase the protections afforded to our minority stockholders in an effort to try to ensure that our corporate governance procedures are substantially similar to international standards. See “Additional Information — Mexican Securities Market Law” and “Additional Information — Bylaws — Other Provisions — Appraisal Rights and Other Minority Protections.” Notwithstanding these amendments, under Mexican law, the protections afforded to minority stockholders are different from those in the U.S. In particular, the law concerning fiduciary duties of directors is not well developed, there is no procedure for class actions or stockholder derivative actions and there are different procedural requirements for bringing stockholder lawsuits. As a result, in practice, it may be more difficult for our minority stockholders to enforce their rights against us or our directors or major stockholders than it would be for stockholders of a U.S. company.
The new Mexican Securities Market Law provides additional protection to minority stockholders, such as (i) providing stockholders of a public company representing 5% or more of the capital stock of the public company, an action for liability against the members and secretary of the Board and relevant management of the public company, and (ii) establishing additional responsibilities on the audit committee in all issues that have or may have an effect on minority stockholders and their interests in an issuer or its operations.

 

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It May Be Difficult to Enforce Civil Liabilities Against Us or Our Directors, Executive Officers and Controlling Persons
We are organized under the laws of Mexico. Substantially all of our directors, executive officers and controlling persons reside outside the U.S., all or a significant portion of the assets of our directors, executive officers and controlling persons, and substantially all of our assets, are located outside of the U.S., and some of the parties named in this annual report also reside outside of the U.S. As a result, it may be difficult for you to effect service of process within the United States upon these persons or to enforce against them or us in U.S. courts judgments predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the federal securities laws of the U.S. We have been advised by our Mexican counsel, Mijares, Angoitia, Cortés y Fuentes, S.C., that there is doubt as to the enforceability, in original actions in Mexican courts, of liabilities predicated solely on U.S. federal securities laws and as to the enforceability in Mexican courts of judgments of U.S. courts obtained in actions predicated upon the civil liability provisions of U.S. federal securities laws.

 

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Forward-Looking Statements
This annual report and the documents incorporated by reference into this annual report contain forward-looking statements. We may from time to time make forward-looking statements in periodic reports to the SEC on Form 6-K, in annual report to stockholders, in prospectuses, press releases and other written materials and in oral statements made by our officers, directors or employees to analysts, institutional investors, representatives of the media and others. Examples of these forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to:
   
projections of operating revenues, net income (loss), net income (loss) per share, capital expenditures, dividends, capital structure or other financial items or ratios;
 
   
statements of our plans, objectives or goals, including those relating to anticipated trends, competition, regulation and rates;
 
   
our current and future plans regarding our online and wireless content division, Televisa Digital;
 
   
statements concerning our current and future plans regarding our investment in the Spanish television channel Gestora de Inversiones Audiovisuales La Sexta, S.A., or La Sexta;
 
   
statements concerning our current and future plans regarding our gaming business;
 
   
statements concerning our current and future plans regarding the introduction of fixed telephony service by Cablevisión;
 
   
statements concerning our transactions with and/or litigation involving Univision;
 
   
statements concerning our series of transactions with DIRECTV and News Corporation, or News Corp.;
 
   
statements concerning our transactions with NBC Universal’s Telemundo Communications Group, or Telemundo;
 
   
statements concerning our plans to build and launch a new transponder satellite;
 
   
statements about our acquisition of Editorial Atlántida, S.A., or Editorial Atlántida;
 
   
statements about our recent acquisition of shares of companies owning the majority of the assets of Bestel, S.A. de C.V., or Bestel;
 
   
statements about our future economic performance or statements concerning general economic, political or social conditions in the United Mexican States, or Mexico, or other countries in which we operate or have investments; and
 
   
statements or assumptions underlying these statements.
Words such as “believe”, “anticipate”, “plan”, “expect”, “intend”, “target”, “estimate”, “project”, “predict”, “forecast”, “guideline”, “may”, “should” and similar words and expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements, but are not the exclusive means of identifying these statements.
Forward-looking statements involve inherent risks and uncertainties. We caution you that a number of important factors could cause actual results to differ materially from the plans, objectives, expectations, estimates and intentions expressed in these forward-looking statements. These factors, some of which are discussed under “Key Information — Risk Factors”, include economic and political conditions and government policies in Mexico or elsewhere, inflation rates, exchange rates, regulatory developments, customer demand and competition. We caution you that the foregoing list of factors is not exclusive and that other risks and uncertainties may cause actual results to differ materially from those in forward-looking statements. You should evaluate any statements made by us in light of these important factors.
Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made, and we do not undertake any obligation to update them in light of new information, future developments or other factors.

 

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Item 4. Information on the Company
History and Development of the Company
Grupo Televisa, S.A.B. is a sociedad anónima bursátil, or limited liability stock corporation, which was organized under the laws of Mexico in accordance with the Ley General de Sociedades Mercantiles, or Mexican Companies Law. Grupo Televisa was incorporated under Public Deed Number 30,200, dated December 19, 1990, granted before Notary Public Number 73 of Mexico City, and registered with the Public Registry of Commerce in Mexico City on Commercial Page (folio mercantil) Number 142,164. Pursuant to the terms of our estatutos sociales, or bylaws, our corporate existence continues through 2105. Our principal executive offices are located at Avenida Vasco de Quiroga, No. 2000, Colonia Santa Fe, 01210 México, D.F., México. Our telephone number at that address is (52) (55) 5261-2000.
Grupo Televisa, S.A.B., is the largest media company in the Spanish-speaking world and a major participant in the international entertainment business. We operate broadcast channels in Mexico and complement our network coverage through affiliated stations throughout the country. In 2007 our broadcast television channels had an average sign-on to sign-off audience share of 70.9%. We produce pay television channels with national and international feeds, which reach more than 18.2 million subscribers throughout Latin America, the United States, Canada, Europe and Asia Pacific. We export our programs and formats to television networks around the world. In 2007, we exported 60,308 hours of programming to over 60 countries. We distribute our content in the United States through Univision.
We believe we are the most important Spanish-language magazine publisher in the world, as measured by circulation, with an annual circulation of approximately 165 million magazines publishing 92 titles in more than 20 countries.
We own 58.7% of Sky, a DTH satellite television provider in Mexico. We are also a shareholder in two Mexican cable companies, Cablevisión and Televisión Internacional, S.A. de C.V., or TVI, and own 99.99% of the capital stock of Alvafig, S.A. de C.V., or Alvafig, a company holding an equity stake in Cablemás, S.A. de C.V., or Cablemás, a large cable operator in Mexico.
We also own Esmas.com, one of the leading digital entertainment web portals in Latin America, a gaming business which includes bingo parlors and a nationwide lottery, a 50% stake in a radio company that reaches 70% of the Mexican population, a feature film production and distribution company, soccer teams and a stadium in Mexico.
We also own an unconsolidated equity stake in La Sexta, a free-to-air television channel in Spain, and in OCESA, one of the leading live entertainment companies in Mexico.
Capital Expenditures
The table below sets forth our actual capital expenditures, investments and acquisitions for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007 and our projected capital expenditures for the year ended December 31, 2008. For a discussion of how we intend to fund our projected capital expenditures, investments and acquisitions for 2008, as well as a more detailed description of our capital expenditures, investments and acquisitions in prior years, see “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — Results of Operations — Liquidity, Foreign Exchange and Capital Resources — Liquidity” and “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — Results of Operations — Liquidity, Foreign Exchange and Capital Resources — Capital Expenditures, Acquisitions and Investments, Distributions and Other Sources of Liquidity.”
                                 
    Year Ended December 31,(1)  
    2005     2006     2007     2008  
    (Actual)     (Actual)     (Actual)     (Forecast)  
    (Millions of U.S. Dollars)  
Capital expenditures(2)
  U.S.$ 248.3     U.S.$ 298.5     U.S.$ 355.1     U.S.$ 360.0  
La Sexta(3)
    1.4       132.4       89.9       64.8  
Other acquisitions and investments(4)(5)
    68.0       437.7       416.2       112.0  
 
                       
Total capital expenditures and investments
  U.S.$ 317.7     U.S.$ 868.6     U.S.$ 861.2     U.S.$ 536.8  
 
                       
 
     
(1)  
Amounts in respect of some of the capital expenditures, investments and acquisitions we made in 2005, 2006 and 2007 were paid for in Mexican Pesos. These Mexican Peso amounts were translated into U.S. Dollars at the Interbank Rate in effect on the dates on which a given capital expenditure, investment or acquisition was made. As a result, U.S. Dollar amounts presented in the table immediately above are not comparable to: (i) data regarding capital expenditures set forth in “Key Information — Selected Financial Data”, which is presented in constant Pesos of purchasing power as of December 31, 2007 and, in the case of data presented in U.S. Dollars, is translated at a rate of Ps.10.9222 to one U.S. Dollar, the Interbank Rate as of December 31, 2007, and (ii) certain data regarding capital expenditures set forth under “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — Results of Operations — Liquidity, Foreign Exchange and Capital Resources — Capital Expenditures, Acquisitions and Investments, Distributions and Other Sources of Liquidity”.

 

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(2)  
Reflects capital expenditures for property, plant and equipment, as well as general capital expenditures, in all periods presented. Also includes U.S.$51.1 million in 2005, U.S.$75.9 million in 2006 and U.S.$78.7 million in 2007 for the expansion and improvement of our cable business; U.S.$109.2 million in 2005, U.S.$91.2 million in 2006 and U.S.$122.3 million in 2007 for the expansion and improvement of our Sky segment and U.S.$22.5 million in 2006 and U.S.$41.4 million in 2007 for our gaming business.
 
(3)  
In 2005 and 2006 we made capital contributions related to our 40% interest in La Sexta in the amount of U.S.$1.4 and U.S.$132.4 million, respectively (1.2 million and 104.6 million). During 2007, we made additional capital contributions of U.S.$89.9 million (65.9 million). Our projected total investment in La Sexta for 2008 is U.S.$64.8 million (44.4 million).
 
(4)  
In November 2005, we acquired Comtelvi, S. de R.L. de C.V., or Comtelvi, from a third party for an aggregate amount of U.S.$39.1 million. At the time of acquisition, Comtelvi had structured note investments and other financial instrument assets and liabilities, as well as tax losses of Ps.3,575.3 million that were used by us in the fourth quarter of 2005. See Note 2 to our year-end financial statements.
 
(5)  
In the first quarter of 2006, we completed the acquisition of certain operating assets, consisting primarily of trademarks, intellectual property rights and other publishing assets owned by Editora Cinco, S.A., or Editora Cinco, a publishing company in Mexico and Latin America, for an aggregate amount of U.S.$15.0 million. In the second quarter of 2006, we acquired part of the minority interest in Innova that was formerly owned by Liberty Media International, Inc., or Liberty Media, for an amount of U.S.$58.7 million to increase the interest in our Sky business to 58.7%. In the fourth quarter of 2006, we invested U.S.$258.0 million in long-term notes convertible into 99.99% of the equity of Alvafig, the holding company of a 49% interest in Cablemás, a large cable operator in Mexico. In the second half of 2007, we acquired Editorial Atlántida, a leading publishing company in Argentina for an aggregate amount of U.S.$78.8 million. In the fourth quarter of 2007, we acquired the majority of the assets of Bestel, a privately held, facilities-based telecommunications business in Mexico for an amount of U.S.$256.0 million in cash plus an additional capital contribution of U.S.$69.0 million. In the first quarter of 2008, we invested U.S.$100.0 million in an additional issuance of long-term notes of Alvafig, which proceeds were used by Alvafig to acquire shares representing approximately 11% of Cablemás’ aggregate capital stock. In 2008, we project to make additional capital contributions in Volaris, our 25% interest in a low-cost carrier airline in Mexico, in the amount of up to U.S.$12.0 million.
In 2005, 2006 and 2007, we relied on a combination of operating revenues, borrowings and net proceeds from dispositions to fund our capital expenditures, acquisitions and investments. We expect to fund our capital expenditures in 2008, other than cash needs in connection with any potential investments and acquisitions, through a combination of cash from operations and cash on hand. We intend to finance our potential investments or acquisitions in 2008 through available cash from operations, cash on hand and/or borrowings. The amount of borrowings required to fund these cash needs in 2008 will depend upon the timing of cash payments from advertisers under our advertising sales plan.
Business Overview
Grupo Televisa, S.A.B., is the largest media company in the Spanish-speaking world and a major participant in the international entertainment business. We operate broadcast channels in Mexico and complement our network coverage through affiliated stations throughout the country. In 2007 our broadcast television channels had an average sign-on to sign-off audience share of 70.9%. We produce pay television channels with national and international feeds, which reach subscribers throughout Latin America, the United States, Canada, Europe and Asia Pacific. We export our programs and formats to television networks around the world. In 2007, we exported 60,308 hours of programming to over 60 countries. We distribute our content in the United States through Univision.

 

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We believe we are the most important Spanish-language magazine publisher in the world, as measured by circulation, with an annual circulation of approximately 165 million magazines publishing 92 titles in more than 20 countries.
We own 58.7% of Sky, a DTH satellite television provider in Mexico. We are also a shareholder in two Mexican cable companies, Cablevisión and TVI, and own 99.99% of the capital stock of Alvafig, a company holding an equity stake in Cablemás, a large cable operator in Mexico.
We also own Esmas.com, one of the leading digital entertainment web portals in Latin America, a gaming business which includes bingo parlors and a nationwide lottery, a 50% stake in a radio company that reaches 70% of the Mexican population, a feature film production and distribution company, soccer teams and a stadium in Mexico.
We also own an unconsolidated equity stake in La Sexta, a free-to-air television channel in Spain, and in OCESA, one of the leading live entertainment companies in Mexico.
Business Strategy
We intend to leverage our position as the largest media company in the Spanish-speaking world to continue expanding our business while maintaining profitability and financial discipline. We intend to do so by maintaining our leading position in the Mexican television market, by continuing to produce high quality programming and by improving our sales and marketing efforts while maintaining high operating margins.
By leveraging all our business segments and capitalizing on their synergies to extract maximum value from our content, we also intend to continue expanding our pay-TV networks business, increasing our international programming sales worldwide and strengthening our position in the growing U.S.-Hispanic market. We also intend to continue developing Sky, our DTH platform, strengthen our position in the cable and telecommunications industry, continue developing our publishing business and become an important player in the gaming industry.
We intend to continue to expand our business by developing new business initiatives and/or through business acquisitions and investments in Mexico, the United States and elsewhere.
Maintaining Our Leading Position in the Mexican Television Market
Continuing to Produce High Quality Programming. We aim to continue producing the type of high quality television programming that has propelled many of our programs to the top of the national ratings and audience share in Mexico. In 2006 and 2007, our networks aired 84% and 73%, respectively, of the 200 most-watched television programs in Mexico, according to IBOPE Mexico. We have launched a number of initiatives in creative development, program scheduling and on-air promotion. These initiatives include improved production of our highly rated telenovelas, new comedy and game show formats and the development of reality shows and new series. We have improved our scheduling to be better aligned with viewer habits by demographic segment while improving viewer retention through more dynamic on-air graphics and pacing. We have enhanced tune-in promotion both in terms of creative content and strategic placement. In addition, we plan to continue expanding and leveraging our exclusive Spanish-language video library, exclusive rights to soccer games and other events, as well as cultural, musical and show business productions.
As a result of the strategic alliance agreement entered into with NBC Universal’s Telemundo, we will distribute Telemundo content in Mexico on an exclusive basis across multiple platforms including broadcast television, pay television and our emerging digital platforms. In April 2008, we began broadcasting Telemundo’s original programming on Channel 9. In addition, later this year we will distribute, via Sky and Cablevisión, a new pay television channel in Mexico produced by Telemundo principally featuring Telemundo branded content. See “— Television — Programming — Foreign-Produced Programming”.
Improving Our Sales and Marketing Efforts. Over the past few years we have improved our television broadcasting advertising sales strategy by: (i) introducing a cost per rating point basis pricing system; (ii) implementing differentiated pricing by quarter, by channel and by time of day; (iii) reorganizing our sales force into teams focusing on each of our divisions; and (iv) emphasizing a compensation policy for salespeople that is performance-based, with variable commissions tied to year-end results for a larger portion of total compensation.

 

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Maintaining High Operating Segment Income Margins. Our television broadcasting operating segment income margin for 2006 and 2007 was 50.5% and 49.6%, respectively. We intend to continue maintaining high television broadcasting operating segment income margins by increasing revenues and controlling costs and expenses.
Advertising Sales Plan. Our sales force is organized into separate teams, each of which focuses on a particular segment of our business. We sell commercial time in two ways: upfront and scatter basis. Advertisers that elect the upfront option lock in prices for the upcoming year, regardless of future price changes. Advertisers that choose the upfront option make annual prepayments, with cash or short-term notes, and are charged the lowest rates for their commercial time, given the highest priority in schedule placement, and given a first option in advertising during special programs. Scatter advertisers, or advertisers who choose not to make upfront payments but rather advertise from time to time, risk both higher prices and lack of access to choice commercial time slots. We sell advertising to our customers on a cost per rating point basis. For a description of our advertising sales plan, see “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — Results of Operations — Total Segment Results — Advertising Rates and Sales”.
We currently sell only a portion of our available television advertising time. We use a portion of our television advertising time to satisfy our legal obligation to the Mexican government to provide up to 18 minutes per day of our broadcast time between 6:00 a.m. and midnight for public service announcements and 30 minutes per day for public programming (referred to in this annual report as Official Television Broadcast Time), and our remaining available television advertising time to promote, among other things, our television products. We sold approximately 66%, 63% and 59% of total available national advertising time on our networks during prime time broadcasts in 2005, 2006 and 2007, respectively, and approximately 56%, 52% and 50% of total available national advertising time during all time periods in 2005, 2006 and 2007, respectively. See “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — Results of Operations — Total Segment Results — Television Broadcasting”.
Continue Building Our Pay Television Platforms
DTH. We believe that Ku-band DTH satellite services offer an enhanced opportunity for expansion of pay television services into cable households seeking to upgrade reception of our broadcasting and in areas not currently serviced by operators of cable or multi-channel, multi-point distribution services. We own a 58.7% interest in Innova, or Sky, our joint venture with DIRECTV. Innova is a DTH company in Mexico, with approximately 1,585,100 subscribers, of which 103,100 were commercial subscribers as of December 31, 2007.
In December 2007, Innova and Sky Brasil reached an agreement with Intelsat Corporation and Intelsat LLC, to build and launch a new 24-transponder satellite, IS-16, for which service will be dedicated to Sky and Sky Brasil over the satellite’s estimated 15-year life. The satellite will provide back up for both platforms, and will also double Sky’s current capacity. Innova plans to use this extra capacity for High Definition, or HD, and other value-added services. The satellite will be manufactured by Orbital Sciences Corporation and is expected to launch in the fourth quarter of 2009. For a description of our satellites, see “— Property, Plant and Equipment — Satellites”.
The key components of our DTH strategy include:
   
offering high quality programming, including rights to our four over-the-air broadcast channels, exclusive broadcasts of sporting events, such as the 2006 FIFA World Cup, the Spanish Soccer League and a variety of Mexican Soccer League games, reality shows and other programs produced by us, or with respect to which we have exclusive rights;
 
   
capitalizing on our relationship with DIRECTV and local operators in terms of technology, distribution networks, infrastructure and cross-promotional opportunities;
 
   
capitalizing on the low penetration of pay-TV services in Mexico;
 
   
expanding our DTH services in Central America and the Caribbean;
 
   
providing superior digital Ku-band DTH satellite services and emphasizing customer service quality; and
 
   
continuing to leverage our strengths and capabilities to develop new business opportunities and expand through acquisitions.

 

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Pay Television Networks. Through our 14 pay-TV brands and 31 national and international feeds, we reached more than 18.2 million subscribers throughout Latin America, the United States, Canada, Europe and Asia Pacific in 2007. Our pay-TV channels include three music, four movie, and seven variety and entertainment channels. Through TuTV, our joint venture with Univision, we distribute five pay-TV channels within the United States. These channels, whose content includes film, music and lifestyle programming, reached more than 1.8 million households in 2007.
Cable. With a subscriber base of over 496,500 and 551,400 basic subscribers (all of which were digital subscribers), as of December 31, 2006 and 2007, respectively, and over 1.56 million homes passed as of December 31, 2007, Cablevisión, the Mexico City cable system in which we own a 51% interest, is one of the most important cable television operators in Mexico. Cablevisión’s strategy aims to increase its subscriber base, average monthly revenues per subscriber and penetration rate by:
   
continuing to offer high quality programming;
   
upgrading its existing cable network into a broadband bidirectional network;
   
maintaining its 100% digital service in order to stimulate new subscriptions, substantially reduce piracy and offer new value-added services;
   
increasing the penetration of its high-speed and bidirectional internet access and other multimedia services as well as providing a platform to offer internet protocol, or IP, and telephony services;
   
continuing the roll out of digital set-top boxes and the roll out, which began in the third quarter of 2005, of advanced digital set-top boxes which allow the transmission of high definition programming and recording capability; and
   
continuing to leverage our strengths and capabilities to develop new business opportunities and expand through acquisitions.
Cablevisión has introduced a variety of new multimedia communications services over the past few years, such as interactive television and other enhanced program services, including high-speed internet access through cable modem as well as IP telephony. As of December 31, 2007, Cablevisión had 146,000 cable modem customers compared to 96,000 at December 31, 2006. The growth we have experienced in Cablevisión has been driven primarily by the conversion of our system from analog to digital format. Accordingly, Cablevisión has concluded its plan to switch its analog subscriber base to the digital service. In addition, Cablevisión introduced video on demand, or VOD, services and, in May 2007 received governmental approval to introduce telephony services. On July 2, 2007, Cablevisión began to offer IP telephony services in certain areas of Mexico City and as of December 31, 2007, it had 9,000 IP telephone lines in service. By the end of 2008, Cablevisión plans to offer the service in every area in which its network is bidirectional.
Expanding Our Publishing Business
With a total annual circulation of approximately 165 million magazines during 2007, we believe our subsidiary, Editorial Televisa, S.A. de C.V., or Editorial Televisa, is the most important Spanish-speaking publishing company in the world in number of magazines distributed. Editorial Televisa publishes 92 titles, some of which have different editions for each different market. Among the 92 titles, 62 are fully owned and produced in-house and the remaining 30 titles are licensed from world-renowned publishing houses, including the Spanish-language editions of some of the most prestigious brands in the world. Editorial Televisa distributes its titles to more than 20 countries, including Mexico, the United States and countries throughout Latin America. During the last three years, Editorial Televisa implemented an aggressive commercial strategy in order to increase its market share and advertising revenues. As a result of this strategy, according to IBOPE Mexico, Editorial Televisa’s market share in Mexico grew to 49% in 2007. According to Simmons (an independent research company), five of the top ten Hispanic market magazines in the United States are published and distributed by Editorial Televisa. We believe that Editorial Televisa leads at least 15 of the 20 markets in which we compete in terms of readership.
In the second half of 2007, we acquired Editorial Atlántida, a leading publishing company in Argentina, for approximately U.S.$78.8 million. Editorial Atlántida publishes a total of 11 magazines and operates a book publishing business, interactive websites, and numerous brand-extension projects.
During 2007, we launched five new titles of which two are fully-owned (namely, Cinemania, a monthly movies magazine, and Lola, Erase Una Vez, a telenovela-themed magazine) and three are licensed from third parties (namely, the Spanish version of National Geographic Traveler, pursuant to a license agreement with National Geographic Society, the Spanish language version of Woman’s Health and Runner’s World, pursuant to a license agreement with Rodale, Inc.).

 

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Increasing Our International Programming Sales Worldwide and Strengthening Our Position in the Growing U.S.-Hispanic Market
We license our programs to television broadcasters and pay-TV providers in the United States, Latin America, Asia, Europe and Africa. Excluding the United States, in 2007, we licensed 60,308 hours of programming in over 60 countries throughout the world. We intend to continue exploring ways of expanding our international programming sales.
In November 2005, the government of Spain granted a concession for a nationwide free-to-air analog television channel and two nationwide free-to-air digital television channels to La Sexta, a consortium that includes Televisa, which holds a 40% equity interest therein; Grupo Arbol and the Mediapro Group, which control a 51% equity interest, indirectly, through their interest in GAMP Audiovisual, S.A., or GAMP; and as of November 2006, Gala Capital Market, S.L. or Gala, which holds a 9% equity interest which it acquired from GAMP. La Sexta began broadcasting on March 27, 2006. With our investment in La Sexta, we expect to capitalize on the size of and growth trends in Spain’s advertising market, as well as the potential synergies between the country’s entertainment market and our current markets. For a description of our arrangements with La Sexta, see “— Investments — La Sexta”.
The U.S.-Hispanic population, estimated to be 45.5 million, or approximately 15.1% of the U.S. population according to U.S. Census estimates published May 1, 2008, is currently one of the fastest growing segments in the U.S. population, with the growth among Hispanics responsible for half of the U.S. population gains between 2000 and 2007. The U.S. Census Bureau projects that the Hispanic population will double to approximately 20% of the U.S. population by the year 2020. The Hispanic population accounted for estimated disposable income in 2006 of U.S.$822 billion, or 8.6% of the total U.S. disposable income, an increase of 64% since 2000. Hispanics are expected to account for U.S.$1.0 trillion of U.S. consumer spending, or 9.7% of the U.S. total disposable income, by 2010, outpacing the expected growth in total U.S. consumer expenditures.
We intend to leverage our unique and exclusive content, media assets and long-term associations with others to benefit from the growing demand for entertainment among the U.S.-Hispanic population.
We supply television programming for the U.S.-Hispanic market through Univision, the leading Spanish-language media company in the United States. During 2007, Televisa provided 36% of Univision Network’s non-repeat broadcast hours, including most of its 7:00 p.m. to 10:00 p.m. weekday prime time programming, 15% of TeleFutura Network’s non-repeat broadcast hours and substantially all of the programming broadcast on Galavision Network. In exchange for this programming, during 2005, 2006 and 2007, Univision paid Televisa U.S.$109.8 million, U.S.$126.9 million and U.S.$138.0 million, respectively, in royalties. For a description of our arrangements with Univision, see “— Univision”.
In March 2007, at the closing of the acquisition of Univision, all of Televisa’s shares and warrants in Univision were cancelled and converted into cash in an aggregate amount of U.S.$1,094.4 million. As a result of such conversion, we no longer hold an equity interest in Univision. We are also no longer bound by the provisions of the Participation Agreement, except in the case that we enter into certain transactions involving direct broadcast satellite or DTH satellite to the U.S. market. The Participation Agreement had formerly restricted our ability to enter into certain transactions involving Spanish-language television broadcasting and a Spanish-language television network in the U.S. without first offering Univision the opportunity to acquire a 50% economic interest. Subject to certain restrictions which may continue to bind Televisa by reason of the PLA, and other limited exceptions, we can now engage in certain business opportunities in the growing U.S. Hispanic marketplace relating to programming or otherwise without offering Univision participation in such opportunities. See “— Univision”.
We maintain a joint venture, TuTv, with Univision through which we operate and distribute a suite of Spanish-language television channels for digital cable and satellite delivery in the United States. TuTv currently distributes five cable channels, including two movie channels and three channels featuring music videos, celebrity lifestyle and interviews and entertainment news programming. In 2007, channels distributed by TuTv reached approximately 1.8 million subscribers through EchoStar Communications Corporation, DIRECTV (PR), Cox, Charter and other smaller systems. See “— Univision”.

 

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Developing New Businesses and Expanding through Acquisitions
We plan to continue leveraging our strengths and capabilities to develop new business opportunities and expand through acquisitions and investments in Mexico, the United States and elsewhere. Any such acquisition or investment, which could be funded using cash on hand, our equity securities and/or the issuance of debt securities, could be substantial in size.
In 2006, we launched our gaming business which consists of bingo and sports books halls, and a national lottery. As of April 30, 2008, we had opened 16 bingo and sports books halls, under the brand name “Play City”. We plan to open 65 bingo and sports books halls over the course of the next five years. In addition, during 2007 we launched Multijuegos, an online lottery with access to a nationwide network of more than 5,500 electronic terminals. The bingo and sports books halls and Multijuegos are operated under a permit from the Secretaría de Gobernación, or Mexican Ministry of the Interior, to establish, among other things, up to 65 bingo and sports books halls and number draws throughout Mexico, referred to as the Gaming Permit.
In March 2006, our subsidiary, Corporativo Vasco de Quiroga, S.A. de C.V. or CVQ, acquired a 50% interest in TVI in the amount of Ps.798.3 million, which was substantially paid in cash. We agreed to pay additional purchase price adjustments of Ps.19.3 million in the second quarter of 2006, Ps.19.2 million in the first quarter of 2007, and Ps.19.4 million in the first quarter of 2008. No additional purchase price adjustments are required under the agreement. In addition, as part of the agreement, we agreed to provide funding to TVI in the form of a loan in the nominal amount of Ps.240.6 million, which has been converted into capital stock. The ownership structure of TVI was not changed after the capitalization of the loan.
TVI is a telecommunications company offering pay television, data and voice services in the metropolitan area of Monterrey. As of December 31, 2007, TVI had 784,948 homes passed, served more than 164,800 cable television subscribers, 71,400 high-speed internet subscribers and 16,300 telephone lines.
CVQ notified the Mexican Antitrust Commission of its intent to acquire a 50% interest in TVI, and after appealing the decision of such authority at the first stage of the process on February 23, 2007, the Mexican Antitrust Commission authorized the intended acquisition, subject to compliance with certain conditions. We believe that as of this date, CVQ has complied on a regular basis with all of such conditions. See “Key Information — Risk Factors — Risk Factors Related to Mexico — Mexican Antitrust Laws May Limit Our Ability to Expand Through Acquisitions or Joint Ventures”.
In November 2006, we invested U.S.$258.0 million in long-term notes, convertible, at our option and subject to regulatory approval, into 99.99% of the equity of Alvafig, which holds 49% of the voting equity of Cablemás. In February 2008, we invested U.S.$100.0 million in an additional issuance of long-term notes of Alvafig, which proceeds were used by Alvafig to acquire limited voting shares of Cablemás equity, convertible into ordinary voting shares, which represent approximately 11% of Cablemás aggregate capital stock. Cablemás operates in 48 cities. As of December 31, 2007, the Cablemás cable network served more than 797,000 cable television subscribers, 220,400 high-speed internet subscribers and 41,000 IP-telephony lines, with approximately 2,200,000 homes passed. On August 8, 2007, the Mexican Antitrust Commission authorized, subject to compliance with certain conditions, the conversion of our long-term notes into 99.99% of the equity of Alvafig, and on December 11, 2007, after we appealed the first decision of the Mexican Antitrust Commission, the conversion of our long-term convertible notes into 99.99% of the equity of Alvafig was authorized subject to compliance with certain new conditions. These conditions include, among others, that we make available certain channels to pay-TV operators on non-discriminatory terms and that our pay-TV platforms carry upon request and subject to certain conditions, over the air channels operating in the same geographic zones where such pay-TV platforms provide their services. On May 13, 2008, the Mexican Antitrust Commission announced that the Company has complied with the conditions imposed by the Mexican Antitrust Commission, authorizing the conversion by the Company of the convertible long-term notes issued by Alvafig into 99.99% of its capital stock. Notwithstanding the aforementioned, the Company must comply with the Mexican Antitrust Commission’s conditions on a continued basis. On May 16, 2008, we converted all of the convertible long-term notes into 99.99% of the capital stock of Alvafig.
In December 2007, our indirect majority-owned subsidiary, Cablestar, S.A. de C.V., or Cablestar, completed the acquisition of shares of companies owning the majority of the assets of Bestel, a privately held, facilities-based telecommunications company in Mexico, for U.S.$256.0 million in cash plus an additional capital contribution of U.S.$69.0 million. In connection with the financing of the acquisition of the majority of the assets of Bestel, Cablemás, TVI and Cablevisión, which hold 15.4%, 15.4% and 69.2% of the equity stock of Cablestar, respectively, entered into five year term loan facilities for U.S.$50.0 million, U.S.$50.0 million and U.S.$225.0 million, respectively. These loans are intended to be syndicated during the life of the facility. Bestel focuses on providing data and long-distance services solutions to carriers and other telecommunications service providers in both Mexico and the United States. Bestel owns a fiber-optic network of approximately 8,000 kilometers that covers several important cities and economic regions in Mexico and has direct crossing of its network into Dallas, Texas and San Diego, California in the United States. This enables the company to provide connectivity between the United States and Mexico.

 

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We expect that in the future we may identify and evaluate opportunities for strategic acquisitions of complementary businesses, technologies or companies. We may also consider joint ventures and other collaborative projects and investments.
Television
Television Industry in Mexico
General. There are ten television stations operating in Mexico City and approximately 457 other television stations elsewhere in Mexico. Most of the stations outside of Mexico City retransmit programming originating from the Mexico City stations. We own and operate four of the ten television stations in Mexico City, Channels 2, 4, 5 and 9. These stations are affiliated with 220 repeater stations and 33 local stations outside of Mexico City. See “— Television Broadcasting”. We also own an English-language television station in Mexico on the California border. Our major competitor, TV Azteca, owns and operates Channels 7 and 13 in Mexico City, which we believe are affiliated with 84 and 92 stations, respectively, outside of Mexico City. Televisora del Valle de Mexico, S.A. de C.V., or Televisora del Valle de México, owns the concession for CNI Channel 40, a UHF channel that broadcasts throughout the Mexico City metropolitan area. The Mexican government currently operates two stations in Mexico City, Channel 11, which has 8 repeater stations, and Channel 22. There are also 20 independent stations outside of Mexico City which are unaffiliated with any other stations. See “— Television Broadcasting”.
We estimate that approximately 22.1 million Mexican households have television sets, representing approximately 91.0% of the total households in Mexico as of December 31, 2007. We believe that approximately 97.6% of all households in Mexico City and the surrounding area have television sets.
Ratings and Audience Share. All television ratings and audience share information included in this annual report relate to data supplied by IBOPE Mexico, a privately owned market research firm based in Mexico City. IBOPE Mexico is one of the 15 global branch offices of IBOPE Mexico. IBOPE Mexico conducts operations in Mexico City, Guadalajara, Monterrey and 25 other Mexican cities with a population over 500,000, and the survey data provided in this annual report covers data collected from national surveys. IBOPE Mexico reports that its television surveys have a margin of error of plus or minus 5%.
As used in this annual report, “audience share” for a period means the number of television sets tuned into a particular program as a percentage of the number of households watching over-the-air television during that period without regard to the number of viewers. “Rating” for a period refers to the number of television sets tuned into a particular program as a percentage of the total number of all television households. “Average audience share” for a period refers to the average daily audience share during that period, and “average rating” for a period refers to the average daily rating during that period with each rating point representing one percent of all television households. “Prime time” is 4:00 p.m. to 11:00 p.m., seven days a week, “weekday prime time” is 7:00 p.m. to 11:00 p.m., Monday through Friday, and “sign-on to sign-off” is 6:00 a.m. to midnight, seven days a week. The average ratings and average audience share for our television networks and local affiliates and programs relate to conventional over-the-air television stations only; cable services, multi-channel, multi-point distribution system and DTH satellite services, videocassettes and video games are excluded.
Programming
Programming We Produce. We produce the most Spanish-language television programming in the world. In 2005, 2006 and 2007, we produced approximately 57,500 hours, 64,700 hours and 68,800 hours, respectively, of programming for broadcast on our network stations and through our cable operations and DTH satellite joint ventures, including programming produced by our local stations.
We produce a variety of programs, including telenovelas, newscasts, situation comedies, game shows, reality shows, children’s programs, comedy and variety programs, musical and cultural events, movies and educational programming. Our telenovelas are broadcast either dubbed or subtitled in a variety of languages throughout the world. In 2006, we successfully co-produced a new primetime sitcom entitled “Amor Mio”, which captured 39.9% of the viewers across Mexico upon its debut and 36.0% during its broadcast in Mexico.

 

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Our programming also includes broadcasts of special events and sports events in Mexico promoted by us and others. Among the sports events that we broadcast are soccer games of our and other teams and professional wrestling matches. See “— Other Businesses — Sports and Show Business Promotions”. In 2005, we broadcast certain matches of the CONCACAF Gold Cup, the FIFA Confederations Cup and the FIFA under 17 World Championship. In 2006, we broadcast the 2006 FIFA World Cup. In 2007, we broadcast the 2007 FIFA under-20 World Cup, certain matches of the CONCACAF Gold Cup, and the Copa America.
Our programming is produced primarily at our 29 studios in Mexico City. We also operate 18 fully equipped remote control units. Some of our local television stations also produce their own programming. These local stations operate 36 studios and 32 fully equipped remote control units. See “— Television Broadcasting — Local Affiliates”.
Foreign-Produced Programming. We license and broadcast television programs produced by third parties outside Mexico. Most of this foreign programming is from the United States and includes television series, movies and sports events, including coverage of Major League Baseball games and National Football League games. Foreign-produced programming represented approximately 33%, 40% and 49% of the programming broadcast on our four television networks in 2005, 2006 and 2007, respectively. A substantial majority of the foreign-produced programming aired on our networks was dubbed into Spanish and was aired on Channels 4 and 5, with the remainder aired on Channel 9.
Talent Promotion. We operate Centro de Educación Artística, a school in Mexico City to develop and train actors and technicians. We provide instruction free of charge, and a substantial number of the actors appearing on our programs have attended the school. We also promote writers and directors through a writers’ school as well as various contests and scholarships.
Television Broadcasting
We operate four television networks that can be viewed throughout Mexico on our affiliated television stations through Channels 2, 4, 5 and 9 in Mexico City. The following table indicates the total number of operating television stations in Mexico affiliated with each of our four networks, as well as the total number of local affiliates, as of December 31, 2007.
                                                 
    Wholly                                
    Owned                                
    Mexico City     Wholly     Majority     Minority              
    Anchor     Owned     Owned     Owned     Independent     Total  
    Stations     Affiliates     Affiliates     Affiliates     Affiliates     Stations  
Channel 2
    1       124       2             1       128  
Channel 4
    1                               1  
Channel 5
    1       61                   4       66  
Channel 9
    1       14                   14       29  
Subtotal
    4       199       2             19       224  
Border Stations
          1                         1  
Local (Stations) Affiliates
          18             1       14       33  
 
                                   
Total
    4       218       2       1       33       258  
 
                                   
The programs shown on our networks are among the most watched television programs in Mexico. Based on IBOPE Mexico surveys during 2005, 2006 and 2007, our networks aired 162, 168 and 146, respectively, of the 200 most watched television programs throughout Mexico and produced 17, 22 and 16, respectively, of the 25 most watched television programs in Mexico. Most of the remaining top 25 programs in those periods were soccer games and special feature films that were aired on our networks.
The following charts compare the average audience share and average ratings during prime time hours, weekday prime time hours and from sign-on to sign-off hours, of our television networks as measured by the national audience, from January 2005 through December 2007, shown on a bimonthly basis.
Average Audience Share
January 2005 — December 2007(1)
(GRAPH)
 
     
(1)  
Source: IBOPE Mexico national surveys.

 

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Average Ratings
January 2005 — December 2007(1)
(GRAPH)
 
     
(1)  
Source: IBOPE Mexico national surveys.
Channel 2 Network. Channel 2, which is known as “El Canal de las Estrellas”, or “The Channel of the Stars”, together with its affiliated stations, is the leading television network in Mexico and the leading Spanish-language television network in the world, as measured by the size of the audience capable of receiving its signal. Channel 2’s programming is broadcast 24 hours a day, seven days a week, on 128 television stations located throughout Mexico. The affiliate stations generally retransmit the programming and advertising transmitted to them by Channel 2 without interruption. Such stations are referred to as “repeater” stations. We estimate that the Channel 2 Network reaches approximately 21.8 million households, representing 98.6% of the households with television sets in Mexico. The Channel 2 Network accounted for a majority of our national television advertising sales in each of 2005, 2006 and 2007.
According to the Política Nacional para la Introducción de los Servicios de Televisión Digital Terrestre or the National Policy for the Introduction of Terrestrial Digital Television Services in Mexico dictated by the SCT, in May 2005, Mexico City’s Channel 2 obtained a license to transmit DTV services on Channel 48 as its second channel throughout the transition period from analog to digital television, which is estimated to end by the year 2021. Also, six repeaters of the Channel 2 network located in Guadalajara, Monterrey, and four cities along the border with the United States of America have obtained similar licenses. Since December 2005, these DTV stations have been in place and fully operational.
The following table shows the average audience share of the Channel 2 Network during prime time hours, weekday prime time hours and sign-on to sign-off hours for the periods indicated:
                         
    Year Ended December 31,  
    2005(1)     2006(1)     2007(1)  
Prime time hours
    31.8 %     32.8 %     29.9 %
Weekday prime time hours
    36.2 %     37.3 %     33.6 %
Sign-on to sign-off hours
    30.3 %     31.8 %     29.7 %
 
     
(1)  
Source: IBOPE Mexico national surveys.
The Channel 2 Network targets the average Spanish-speaking family as its audience. Its programs include soap operas (telenovelas), news, entertainment, comedy and variety programs, movies, game shows, reality shows and sports. The telenovelas make up the bulk of the prime time lineup and consist of romantic dramas that unfold over the course of 120 to 200 half-hour episodes. Substantially all of Channel 2’s programming is aired on a first-run basis and virtually all of it, other than Spanish-language movies, is produced by us.
Channel 5 Network. In addition to its anchor station, Channel 5 is affiliated with 65 repeater stations located throughout Mexico. We estimate that the Channel 5 Network reaches approximately 20.3 million households, representing approximately 91.9% of households with television sets in Mexico. We believe that Channel 5 offers the best option to reach the 18-34 year old demographic, and we have extended its reach into this key group by offering new content.
According to the Política Nacional para la Introducción de los Servicios de Televisión Digital Terrestre or the National Policy for the Introduction of Terrestrial Digital Television Services in Mexico dictated by the SCT, in September 2005, Mexico City’s Channel 5 obtained a license to transmit DTV services in Channel 50 as its second channel during the transition period estimated to end by the year 2021. Also, two repeaters of the Channel 5 network had obtained a similar license. Since December 2005, these DTV stations have been in place and fully operational.
The following table shows the average audience share of the Channel 5 Network during prime time hours, weekday prime time hours and sign-on to sign-off hours during the periods indicated:
                         
    Year Ended December 31,  
    2005(1)     2006(1)     2007(1)  
Prime time hours
    17.4 %     16.9 %     18.7 %
Weekday prime time hours
    15.9 %     14.9 %     16.6 %
Sign-on to sign-off hours
    20.1 %     19.1 %     20.6 %
 
     
(1)  
Source: IBOPE Mexico national surveys.

 

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We believe that Channel 5 has positioned itself as the most innovative television channel in Mexico with a combination of reality shows, sitcoms, dramas, movies, cartoons and other children’s programming. The majority of Channel 5’s programs are produced outside of Mexico, primarily in the United States. Most of these programs are produced in English. In 2007, we aired 21 of the 50 top-rated movies.
Channel 4 Network. Channel 4 broadcasts in the Mexico City metropolitan area and, according to our estimates, reaches over 5.0 million households, representing approximately 22.7% of television households in Mexico in 2007. As described above, as part of our plan to attract medium-sized and local Mexico City advertisers, we focused the reach of this network throughout Mexico and revised the format of Channel 4 to create 4TV in an effort to target viewers in the Mexico City metropolitan area. We currently sell local advertising time on 4TV to medium-sized and local advertisers at rates comparable to those charged for advertising on local, non-television media, such as radio, newspapers and billboards. However, by purchasing local advertising time on 4TV, medium-sized and local advertisers are able to reach a wider audience than they would reach through local, non-television media.
According to the Política Nacional para la Introducción de los Servicios de Televisión Digital Terrestre or the National Policy for the Introduction of Terrestrial Digital Television Services in Mexico dictated by the SCT, in September 2005, Mexico City’s Channel 4 obtained a license to transmit DTV services in Channel 49 as its second channel during the transition period estimated to end by the year 2021. As of December 2005, this DTV station is installed and fully operational.
The following table shows the average audience share of the Channel 4 Network during prime time hours, weekday prime time hours and sign-on to sign-off hours during the periods indicated, including audience share for local stations:
                         
    Year Ended December 31,  
    2005(1)     2006(1)     2007(1)  
Prime time hours
    6.0 %     6.1 %     7.3 %
Weekday prime time hours
    6.3 %     6.5 %     8.1 %
Sign-on to sign-off hours
    7.6 %     7.5 %     8.6 %
 
     
(1)  
Source: IBOPE Mexico national surveys.
4TV targets young adults and stay-at-home parents. Its programs consist primarily of news, comedy, sports, and entertainment shows produced by us, as well as a late night home shopping program, foreign-produced series, mini-series and movies, which are dubbed or subtitled in Spanish. In an attempt to attract a larger share of the Mexico City television audience, in recent years, 4TV also began broadcasting three new local newscasts relating to the Mexico City metropolitan area.
Channel 9 Network. In addition to its anchor station, Channel 9 is affiliated with 28 repeater stations, approximately one-third of which are located in central Mexico. We estimate that Channel 9 reaches approximately 16.0 million households, representing approximately 72.4% of households with television sets in Mexico. Channel 9 broadcasts in all of the 26 cities other than Mexico City that are covered by national surveys.
According to the Política Nacional para la Introducción de los Servicios de Televisión Digital Terrestre or the National Policy for the Introduction of Terrestrial Digital Television Services in Mexico dictated by the SCT, in October 2006, Mexico City’s Channel 9 obtained a license to transmit DTV services in Channel 44 as its second channel during the transition period estimated to end by the year 2021. As of January 2007, this DTV station is in place and fully operational. Also, as disclosed above, in April 2008, we began broadcasting Telemundo’s original programming on Channel 9.
The following table shows the average audience share of the Channel 9 Network during prime time hours, weekday prime time hours and sign-on to sign-off hours during the periods indicated:
                         
    Year Ended December 31,  
    2005(1)     2006(1)     2007(1)  
Prime time hours
    13.4 %     13.7 %     13.1 %
Weekday prime time hours
    10.6 %     11.4 %     10.7 %
Sign-on to sign-off hours
    12.2 %     12.6 %     12.1 %
 
     
(1)  
Source: IBOPE Mexico national surveys.

 

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The Channel 9 Network targets families as its audience. Its programs principally consist of movies, sports, sitcoms, game shows, news and re-runs of popular programs from Channel 2.
Local Affiliates. There are currently 33 local television stations affiliated with our networks, of which 18 stations are wholly owned, one station is minority owned and 14 stations are independent affiliated stations. These stations receive part of their programming from Channels 4 and 9. See “— Channel 4 Network”. The remaining programs aired consist primarily of programs licensed from our program library and locally produced programs. The locally produced programs include news, game shows, musicals and other cultural programs and programs offering professional advice. In 2005, 2006 and 2007, the local television stations owned by us produced 38,900 hours, 43,300 hours and 48,100 hours, respectively, of programming. Each of the local affiliates maintains its own sales department and sells advertising time during broadcasts of programs that it produces and/or licenses. Generally, we pay the affiliate stations that we do not wholly own a fixed percentage of advertising sales for network affiliation.
According to the Política Nacional para la Introducción de los Servicios de Televisión Digital Terrestre or the National Policy for the Introduction of Terrestrial Digital Television Services in Mexico dictated by the SCT, six of the 18 local stations wholly owned have obtained licenses to transmit DTV services in their service area during the transition period estimated to end by year 2021. These six DTV stations are in place and fully operational.
Border Stations. We currently own a television station on the Mexico/U.S. border that broadcasts English-language programs, as an affiliate of the Fox Television network under an affiliation agreement with Fox, and under renewable permits issued by the U.S. Federal Communications Commission, or FCC, to the station and to Fox Television that authorize electronic cross-border programming transmissions. The station, XETV, is licensed to Tijuana and serves the San Diego television market. XETV is operated through a station operating agreement with Bay City Television, a U.S. corporation indirectly owned by Televisa. XETV’s FCC cross-border permit was renewed in 2003 for a five-year term expiring in June 2008. Fox’s cross-border FCC permit was renewed in December 2006 for a five-year term expiring November 1, 2011. The Fox affiliation agreement for XETV expires in 2008. We have been informed by Fox about its intention not to extend the term of the agreement. We are considering possible actions to be taken by the Company, including litigation against Fox for breach of contract.
Advertising Sales Plan. Our sales force is organized into separate teams, each of which focuses on a particular segment of our business. We sell commercial time in two ways: upfront and scatter basis. Advertisers that elect the upfront option lock in prices for the upcoming year, regardless of future price changes. Advertisers that choose the upfront option make annual prepayments, with cash or short-term notes, and are charged the lowest rates for their commercial time, given the highest priority in schedule placement, and given a first option in advertising during special programs. Scatter advertisers, or advertisers who choose not to make upfront payments but rather advertise from time to time, risk both higher prices and lack of access to choice commercial time slots. We sell advertising to our customers on a cost per rating point basis. For a description of our advertising sales plan, see “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — Results of Operations — Total Segment Results — Advertising Rates and Sales”.
We currently sell only a portion of our available television advertising time. We use a portion of our television advertising time to satisfy our legal obligation to the Mexican government to provide Official Television Broadcast Time, and our remaining available television advertising time to promote, among other things, our television products. We sold approximately 66%, 63% and 59% of total available national advertising time on our networks during prime time broadcasts in 2005, 2006 and 2007, respectively, and approximately 56%, 52% and 50% of total available national advertising time during all time periods in 2005, 2006 and 2007, respectively. See “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — Results of Operations — Total Segment Results — Television Broadcasting”.
Pay Television Networks. We produce or license a suite of Spanish and English-language television channels for pay-TV systems in Mexico, Latin America, the Caribbean, Asia, Europe, the United States, Canada and Australia. These channels include programming such as general entertainment, telenovelas, movies and music-related shows, interviews and videos. Some of the programming included in these channels is produced by us while other programming is acquired or commissioned from third parties. As of December 2007, we had over 18.2 million subscribers worldwide.

 

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In 2005, 2006 and 2007, we produced approximately 7,900 hours, 10,100 hours and 10,100 hours, respectively, of programming and videos, for broadcast on our pay-TV channels. The names and brands of our channels include: Telehit, Ritmoson Latino, Bandamax, De Película, De Película Clásico, Unicable, Cinema Golden Choice 1 & 2, Cinema Golden Choice Latinoamérica, Canal de Telenovelas, American Network, Canal de las Estrellas Latinoamérica, Canal de las Estrellas Europa, Canal 2 Delay-2hrs and Clasico TV.
TuTv, which operates and distributes a suite of Spanish-language television channels in the United States, began operations in the second quarter of 2003 and currently distributes five cable channels, including two movie channels and three channels featuring music videos, celebrity lifestyle and interviews and entertainment news programming. See “— Univision”. In May 2003, TuTv entered into a five-year distribution agreement with EchoStar Communications Corporation to distribute three of TuTv’s five channels. The term of such agreement was extended in 2007, and it will expire in May 2009. See “— Univision”.
Programming Exports. We license our programs and our rights to programs produced by other television broadcasters and pay-TV providers in the United States, Canada, Latin America, Asia, Europe and Africa. We collect licensing fees based on the size of the market for which the license is granted or on a percentage of the advertising sales generated from the programming. In addition to the programming licensed to Univision, we licensed approximately 52,900 hours, 48,927 hours and 60,308 hours of programming in 2005, 2006 and 2007, respectively. See “— Univision” and “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — Results of Operations — Total Segment Results — Programming Exports”. As of December 31, 2007, we had approximately 208,378 half-hours of television programming in our library available for licensing.
Expansion of Programming Reach. Our programs can be seen in the United States, Canada, Latin America, Asia, Europe and Africa. We intend to continue to expand our sales of Spanish-language programming internationally through pay-TV services.
Publishing
Publishing
We believe we are the most important publisher and distributor of magazines in Mexico, and of Spanish-language magazines in the world, as measured by circulation.
With a total circulation of approximately 165 million copies in 2007, we publish 92 titles that are distributed in 20 countries, including the United States, Mexico, Colombia, Chile, Venezuela, Puerto Rico, Argentina, Ecuador, Peru and Panama, among others. See “— Publishing Distribution”. Our main publications in Mexico include a weekly entertainment and telenovelas magazine, TV y Novelas, Vanidades, a popular bi-weekly magazine for women; Caras, a fortnightly leading lifestyle and socialite magazine; Eres, a bi-weekly magazine for teenagers; Conozca Más, a monthly science and culture magazine; and Furia Musical, a bi-weekly musical magazine that promotes principally Banda and Onda Grupera music performers. Our other main publications in Latin America and the United States include Vanidades, TV y Novelas U.S.A. and Caras.
We publish the Spanish-language edition of several magazines, including Cosmopolitan, Good Housekeeping, Harper’s Bazaar, Seventeen, and Popular Mechanics through a joint venture with Hearst Communications, Inc.; PC Magazine and EGM Electronic Gaming Monthly, pursuant to a license agreement with Ziff-Davis Media, Inc.; Maxim, pursuant to a license agreement with Alpha Media Group, Inc.; Marie Claire, pursuant to a license agreement with Marie Claire Album; Men’s Health and Prevention, pursuant to a license agreement with Rodale Press, Inc.; ESPN Magazine pursuant to a license agreement with ESPN Magazine, LLC; Sport Life and Automóvil Panamericano, as well as other special editions of popular automotive magazines, through a joint venture with Motorpress Iberica, S.A.; Muy Interesante and Padres e Hijos pursuant to a joint venture with GyJ España Ediciones, S.L.C. en C.; Disney Princesas, Disney Winnie Pooh, Disney Hadas, Power Rangers and W.I.T.C.H., pursuant to a license agreement with Disney Consumer Products Latin America, Inc. and Nick pursuant to a license agreement with MTV Networks Latin America, Inc. We also publish a Spanish-language edition of National Geographic and of National Geographic Kids in Latin America and in the United States through a licensing agreement with National Geographic Society.
In the second half of 2007, we acquired Editorial Atlántida, a leading publishing company in Argentina, for approximately U.S.$78.8 million. Editorial Atlántida publishes a total of 11 magazines and operates a book publishing business, interactive websites, and numerous brand-extension projects.

 

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During 2007, we launched five new titles of which two are fully-owned (namely, Cinemania, a monthly movies magazine, and Lola, Erase Una Vez, a telenovela-themed magazine) and three are licensed from third parties (namely, the Spanish version of National Geographic Traveler, pursuant to a license agreement with National Geographic Society, the Spanish language version of Woman’s Health and Runner’s World pursuant to a license agreement with Rodale, Inc.).
Publishing Distribution
We estimate that we distribute approximately 60%, in terms of volume, of the magazines circulated in Mexico through our subsidiary, Distribuidora Intermex, S.A. de C.V., or Intermex. We believe that our distribution network reaches over 300 million Spanish-speaking people in 20 countries, including Mexico, Colombia, Chile, Argentina, Ecuador, Peru and Panama. We also estimate that our distribution network reaches over 25,000 points of sale in Mexico and over 80,000 points of sale outside of Mexico. We also own publishing distribution operations in six countries. Our publications are also sold in the United States, the Caribbean and elsewhere through independent distributors. In 2006 and 2007, 75% and 70.7%, respectively, of the publications distributed by our company were published by our Publishing division. In addition, our distribution network sells a number of publications published by joint ventures and independent publishers, as well as DVD’s, calling cards and other consumer products.
Cable and Telecom
The Cable Television Industry in Mexico. Cable television offers multiple channels of entertainment, news and informational programs to subscribers who pay a monthly fee. These fees are based on the package of channels they receive. See “— Digital Cable Television Services”. According to Mexico’s cable television trade organization, Cámara Nacional de la Industria de Televisión por Cable, or CANITEC, there were approximately 1,150 cable concessions in Mexico as of December 31, 2007, serving approximately 4 million subscribers.
Mexico City Cable System. We own a 51% interest in Cablevisión, one of the most important cable television operators in Mexico, which provides cable television services to subscribers in Mexico City and surrounding areas. As of December 31, 2006 and 2007, Cablevisión had over 496,500 and 551,400 basic subscribers, respectively. As of December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007, approximately 283,200, 496,500 and 551,400 subscribers, respectively, were digital subscribers. CPOs, each representing two series A shares and one series B share of Cablevisión, are traded on the Mexican Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol “CABLE”.
Digital Cable Television Services. Cablevisión is the first multi-system operator in Mexico to offer an on-screen interactive programming guide, video on demand, high definition channels as well as Motorola and TiVo® DVR services throughout Mexico City. Along with its digital cable service, Cablevisión also offers high speed internet and a competitive digital telephone service in a 100% bundled portfolio. Through its world class network, Cablevisión is able to distribute high quality video content, unique video services, last generation interactivity with “Cablevisión On Demand”, 1080i high definition, impulse and order pay-per-view, a-la-carte programming, among other products and services, with added value features and premium solutions for consumers. Cablevisión 100% digital cable service offers five main programming packages options ranging in price from Ps.289.00 to Ps.635.00 (VAT included), which include up to 262 linear channels: 198 video channels (this comprises 10 over-the-air channels, Fox, ESPN, CNN International, HBO, Disney Channel, TNT, and others), 56 audio channels and 26 pay-per-view channels.
Pay-Per-View Channels. Cablevisión currently offers 26 pay-per-view cable television channels in each of its digital service packages. Pay-per-view channels show films and special events programs, including sports and musical events.
Cable Television Revenues. Cablevisión’s revenues are generated from subscriptions for its cable services and from sales of advertising to local and national advertisers. Subscriber revenues come from monthly service and rental fees, and to a lesser extent, one-time installation fees. Its current monthly service fees range in price from Ps.289.00 to Ps.635.00. See “— Digital Cable Television Services”. The Mexican government does not currently regulate the rates Cablevisión charges for its basic and digital premium service packages, although we cannot assure you that the Mexican government will not regulate Cablevisión’s rates in the future. If the SCT were to determine that the size and nature of Cablevisión’s market presence was significant enough so as to have an anti-competitive effect, then the SCT could regulate the rates Cablevisión charges for its various services.
Cable Television Initiatives. Cablevisión plans to continue offering the following multimedia communications services to its subscribers:
   
enhanced programming services, including video games; and
   
IP telephony services.

 

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In May 2007, Cablevisión received a concession to offer fixed telephony services through its network. On July 2, 2007, Cablevisión began to offer IP telephony services in certain areas of Mexico City and by the end of 2008 plans to offer the service in every area in which its network is bidirectional.
In order to provide these multimedia communications services, Cablevisión requires a cable network with bi-directional capability operating at a speed of at least 750 MHz and a digital set-top box. In order to provide these new services, Cablevisión is in the process of upgrading its existing cable network. Cablevisión’s cable network currently consists of more than 12,086 kilometers with over 1.56 million homes passed. In 2007, Cablevisión expanded its network by over 400 kilometers. As of December 31, 2007, 17.17% of Cablevisión’s network runs at least at 450 MHz, approximately 5.96% of Cablevisión’s network runs at least at 550 MHz, approximately 15.82% of Cablevisión’s network runs at least at 750 MHz, approximately 46.5% runs at least at 870 MHz, approximately 14.54% of Cablevisión’s network runs at least at 1 GHz, and approximately 80.13% of Cablevisión’s network has bidirectional capability.
In December 2007, our indirect majority-owned subsidiary, Cablestar, completed the acquisition of shares of companies owning the majority of the assets of Bestel, a privately held, facilities-based telecommunications company in Mexico, for U.S.$256.0 million in cash plus an additional capital contribution of U.S.$69.0 million. In connection with the financing of the acquisition of the majority of the assets of Bestel, Cablemás, TVI and Cablevisión, which hold 15.4%, 15.4% and 69.2% of the equity stock of Cablestar, respectively, entered into five year term loan facilities for U.S.$50.0 million, U.S.$50.0 million and U.S.$225.0 million, respectively. These loans are intended to be syndicated during the life of the facilities. Bestel focuses on providing data and long-distance services solutions to carriers and other telecommunications service providers in both Mexico and the United States. Bestel owns a fiber-optic network of approximately 8,000 kilometers that covers several important cities and economic regions in Mexico and has direct crossing of its network into Dallas, Texas and San Diego, California in the United States. This enables the company to provide connectivity between the United States and Mexico.
Other Businesses
Televisa Digital. Televisa Digital is our online and wireless content division. This venture includes Esmas, our Spanish-language horizontal internet portal; Esmas Móvil, our wireless value added service unit; Gyggs, our social networking site; and Esmas Player, our new media business unit that operates our music on demand, video on demand, live TV and media manager for our users. Televisa Digital leverages our unique and extensive Spanish-language content, including news, sports, business, music and entertainment, editorials, life and style, technology, culture, shopping, health, kids and an opinion survey channel, and offers a variety of services, including search engines, chat forums, recruitment services and news bulletins. With a wide range of content channels, online and mobile services, and with more than 165 million page views, and approximately 7.5 million monthly unique users in 2007, we believe that Esmas.com has positioned itself as one of the leading digital entertainment portals in Mexico and Hispanic territories. Currently, 55% of our traffic is from Mexico and the rest comes from the U.S. and Latin America. Currently, we control 100% of the venture.
In connection with the series of agreements we entered into with Univision in December 2001, as described under “— Univision”, we amended the previous PLA such that, for a five-year period ending in December 2006, we agreed to limit our rights to transmit over the internet our programming to which Univision had television rights in the United States. For a description of current litigation we filed against Univision relating to our rights with respect to internet distribution, see “Key Information — Risk Factors — Risk Factors Related to Our Business — Current Litigation We Are Engaged In With Univision May Affect Our Relationship With Univision.”
Since April 2004, Esmas.com has been offering premium content service to mobile phones while leveraging the cell phone networks in Mexico, the U.S., Latin America and Spain. Esmas.com sent approximately 220 million and 170 million messages to approximately 9.5 million and 9.0 million mobile phone users, respectively.
The offered service consists of text information of sports, news, events, sweepstakes, contests, downloading of photos and ring-tones. We believe that due to the Mexican public’s affinity for the high quality and wide range of Televisa’s programming content, Esmas.com has become one of the leading Premium Short Message Service, or PSMS, content providers in Mexico and in Latin America.

 

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Sports and Show Business Promotions. We actively promote a wide variety of sports events and cultural, musical and other entertainment productions in Mexico. Most of these events and productions are broadcast on our television stations, cable television system, radio stations and DTH satellite services. See “— Television — Programming”, “— Cable and Telecom — Digital Cable Television Services”, “— Cable and Telecom — Pay-Per-View Channels”, “— Radio Stations”, and “— DTH Joint Ventures — Mexico and Central America”.
Soccer. We have title to some of Mexico’s professional soccer teams. These teams currently play in the Mexican First Division and are among the most popular and successful teams in Mexico. In 2005, América, one of our teams, won the Mexican First Division championship played during the first season of 2005. Each team plays two 17 game regular seasons per year. The best teams of each regular season engage in post-season championship play.
We own the Azteca Stadium which has a seating capacity of approximately 105,000 people. Azteca Stadium has hosted two World Cup Soccer Championships. In addition, América and the Mexican National Soccer team generally play their home games at this stadium. We have exclusive rights to broadcast the home games of certain Mexican First Division soccer teams.
Promotions. We promote a wide variety of concerts and other shows, including beauty pageants, song festivals and nightclub shows of popular Mexican and international artists.
Feature Film Production and Distribution. We produce first-run Spanish-language feature films, some of which are among Mexico’s top films based on box office receipts. We co-produced two feature films in 2005, none in 2006 and four in 2007, and have co-produced one feature film between January and March 2008. We have previously established co-production arrangements with Mexican film production companies, as well as with major international companies such as Miravista, Warner Bros. and Plural Entertainment and Lions Gate Films. We will continue to consider entering into co-production arrangements with third parties in the future, although no assurance can be given in this regard.
We distribute our films to Mexican movie theaters and later release them on video for broadcast on cable and network television. In 2005 and 2006, we released two and two, respectively, of our feature films through movie theaters, including La Última Noche and Puños Rosas. We also distribute our feature films outside of Mexico.
We have a first option to purchase rights in Mexico to distribute feature films of CIE in movie theatres and broadcast these films on our cable and television networks. We have not purchased any feature films from CIE in 2005, 2006 or 2007.
We distribute feature films produced by non-Mexican producers in Mexico. Under an agreement with Warner Bros. which we extended in 2007 until December 31, 2009, we are the exclusive distributor in Mexico of feature films produced by Warner Bros. In 2005, 2006, 2007 and up to March 2008 we distributed 52, 40, 49 and 14 feature films, respectively, including several U.S. box office hits. We also distribute independently produced non-Mexican and Mexican films in Mexico, the United States and Latin America.
At December 31, 2007, we owned or had rights to approximately 744 Spanish-language films and 186 movies on video titles. Many of these films and titles have been shown on our television networks, cable system and DTH services.
Gaming Business. In May 2005, we obtained the Gaming Permit from the Secretaría de Gobernación and in 2006 we launched our gaming business. As of April 30, 2008, we had 16 bingo and sports books halls open and operating under the brand name “Play City”. We plan to open 65 bingo and sports books halls in total over the course of the next five years. In addition, in 2007 we launched Multijuegos, an online lottery with access to a nationwide network of electronic terminals. Our principal competitors in the gaming industry are, with respect to bingo and sports books halls, CIE and Grupo Caliente and, with respect to Multijuegos, the governmental lotteries of Pronósticos and Lotería Nacional.
Radio Stations. Our radio business, Sistema Radiópolis, S.A. de C.V., or Radiópolis, is operated under a joint venture with Grupo Prisa, S.A., a leading Spanish communications group. Under this joint venture, we hold a controlling 50% full voting stake in this subsidiary and we have the right to appoint the majority of the members of the joint venture’s board of directors. Except in the case of matters that require unanimous board and/or stockholder approval, such as extraordinary corporate transactions, the removal of directors and the amendment of the joint venture’s organizational documents, among others, we control the outcome of most matters that require board of directors and/or stockholder approval. We also have the right to appoint Radiópolis’s Chief Financial Officer. The election of Radiópolis’s Chief Executive Officer requires a unanimous vote from the joint venture’s board of directors.

 

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Radiópolis owns and operates 17 radio stations in Mexico, including three AM and three FM radio stations in Mexico City, five AM and two FM radio stations in Guadalajara, one AM station in Monterrey, one FM radio station in Mexicali and repeater radio stations of XEW-AM in San Luis Potosí and Veracruz. Some Radiópolis stations transmit powerful signals which reach beyond the market areas they serve. For example, XEW-AM and XEWA-AM transmit signals that under certain conditions may reach the southern part of the United States. XEW-AM may also reach most of southern Mexico. In June 2004, Radiópolis entered into an agreement with Radiorama, S.A. de C.V., or Radiorama, one of Mexico’s leading radio networks, which added 41 affiliate stations (22 AM and 19 FM) to Radiópolis’ existing network, expanding its total network, including owned and operated and affiliate stations, to 90 stations (including 13 combination stations). After giving effect to the transaction with Radiorama, we estimate that Radiópolis’ radio stations reach 38 cities in Mexico. Our programs aired through our radio stations network reach approximately 70% percent of Mexico’s population. We plan to continue exploring expanding the reach of our radio programming and advertising through affiliations with third parties and through acquisitions.
According to Investigadores Internacionales Asociados, S.C., or INRA, in 2005, 2006 and 2007, XEW-AM ranked, on average, ninth, eighth and tenth, respectively, among the 34 stations in the Mexico City metropolitan area AM market, XEQ-FM, ranked, on average, eleventh, sixth and seventh, respectively, among the 29 stations in the Mexico City metropolitan area FM market, and XEBA ranked, on average, second, first and second, respectively, among 26 stations in the Guadalajara City metropolitan FM market. INRA conducts daily door-to-door and automobiles interviews in the Mexico City metropolitan area to determine radio listeners’ preferences. Outside Mexico City, INRA conducts periodic surveys. We believe that no other independent surveys of this nature are routinely conducted in Mexico.
Our radio stations use various program formats, which target specific audiences and advertisers, and cross-promote the talent, content and programming of many of our other businesses, including television, sports and news. We produce some of Mexico’s top-rated radio formats, including W Radio (News-talk), Estadio W (Sports), Ke Buena (Mexican music), 40 Principales (Pop music) and Besame Radio (Spanish ballads). W Radio, Ke Buena and 40 Principales formats are also broadcast through the internet.
The successful exclusive radio broadcasting of the 2006 Soccer World Cup placed Radiópolis among the highest rating sports-broadcasting radio stations in Mexico.
During the last four years, Radiópolis has organized 16 massive live musical events with leading artists in both musical formats, gathering a record attendance of approximately 90,000 people during the last nine events, which were performed at the Estadio Azteca in Mexico City. The events organized by Radiópolis have become among the most popular music-related events among the musical radio stations in Mexico.
Radio Advertising. We sell both national and local advertising on our radio stations. Our radio advertising sales force sells advertising time primarily on a scatter basis. See” — Television — Television Broadcasting — Advertising Sales Plan”. In addition, we use some of our available radio advertising time to satisfy our legal obligation to the Mexican government to provide up to 35 minutes per day of our broadcast time, between 6:00 a.m. and midnight for public service announcements, and 30 minutes per day for official programming (referred to in this annual report as “Official Radio Broadcast Time”).
Investments
OCEN. In October 2002, we acquired a 40% stake in Ocesa Entretenimiento, S.A. de C.V., or OCEN, a subsidiary of CIE, which owns all of the assets related to CIE’s live entertainment business unit in Mexico. OCEN’s business includes the production and promotion of concerts, theatrical, family and cultural events, as well as the operation of entertainment venues, the sale of entrance tickets (under an agreement with Ticketmaster Corporation), food, beverages and souvenirs, the organization of special and corporate events and the booking and management of Latin singers. As part of the agreement, OCEN has access to our media assets to promote its events throughout Mexico, and we have the right of first refusal to broadcast on our over-the-air channels and pay-TV ventures movies and events produced and distributed by CIE.
During 2005, OCEN acquired for U.S.$1.6 million, 51% of a company named As Deporte, S.A. de C.V., the principal marathon and athletic competition producer in Mexico, and promoter of other sporting events, such as the Ironman competition. Additionally, OCEN sold, for U.S.$2.0 million, 60% of a company named Creatividad y Espectaculos, S.A. de C.V., or Audiencias Cautivas, a corporate events producer in Mexico.
During 2007, OCEN promoted more than 4,270 events and managed 14 entertainment venues in Mexico City, Guadalajara and Monterrey, providing an entertainment platform that has helped establish OCEN as a principal live entertainment company in Mexico.
Mutual Fund Venture. In October 2002, we entered into a joint venture with a group of investors, including Manuel Robleda, former president of the Mexican Stock Exchange, to establish “Más Fondos”, the first mutual fund distribution company in Mexico. Más Fondos sells mutual funds that are owned and managed by third parties to individual and institutional investors, and currently distributes 151 funds managed by twelve entities. The company operates under a license granted by the CNBV. We currently have a 40.84% interest in Más Fondos.

 

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Volaris. In October 2005, we acquired a 25% interest in Controladora Vuela Compañía de Aviación, S.A. de C.V. and in Concesionaria Vuela Compañía de Aviación, S.A. de C.V., (jointly, “Vuela”), pursuant to which we made a capital contribution in the amount of U.S.$25.0 million. During 2006, we made capital contributions of U.S.$7.5 million, and in 2008 we will make capital contributions of up to U.S.$12.0 million. We are not obligated to make any further capital contributions to Vuela. Vuela has obtained a concession to own, manage and operate a low-cost carrier airline in Mexico, which is called Volaris. Volaris began operations in March 2006. Our partners in this venture are Sinca Inbursa, S.A. de C.V., The Discovery Americas I, L.P., a private equity fund managed by Protego Asesores Financieros and Discovery Capital Corporation, and Grupo TACA, one of the leading airline operators in Latin America. We provide the in-flight entertainment for Volaris. For a description of the transaction, see “Major Stockholders and Related Party Transactions — Related Party Transactions — Transactions and Arrangements With Our Directors and Officers”.
La Sexta. In November 2005, the government of Spain granted a concession for a nationwide free-to-air analog television channel and two nationwide free-to-air digital television channels to La Sexta, a consortium that includes Televisa, which holds a 40% equity interest therein; Grupo Arbol and the Mediapro Group, which control a 51% equity interest, indirectly, through their interest in GAMP; and as of November 2006, Gala, which holds a 9% equity interest which it acquired from GAMP.
As part of the agreement with our partners to (i) complete funding the La Sexta business plan in its entirety for the first three years of operations, and (ii) to acquire part of the capital stock of Imagina (formerly, “Grupo Afinia”), an entity which resulted from the merger between the Mediapro Group and Grupo Arbol, we received, among other rights, a call option under which we had the right to subscribe, at a price of €80.0 million, a percentage of the capital stock of Imagina that was to be determined by the application of a formula related to the enterprise value of Imagina at the time of the exercise of the call option.
In exchange for the call option and certain other rights granted in connection therewith, we agreed to grant Mediapro Arbol, an indirect, wholly owned subsidiary of Imagina, a credit facility for up to 80.0 million Euros to be used exclusively for equity contributions by Imagina to La Sexta; provided, among other obligations, that if a third party acquired a portion of the capital stock of Imagina, and any borrowings had been made thereunder, the credit facility would be cancelled and any outstanding amount would have to be repaid to us with the proceeds from the acquisition by the third party.
In March 2007, Torreal Sociedad de Capital de Riesgo de Regimen Simplificado, S.A., acquired a 20% stake in Imagina. As a result of such acquisition, (i) the credit facility has been cancelled, and no repayment of the credit facility was necessary because no borrowings had been made thereunder; and (ii) our partners decided to terminate the call option granted to us in connection with the possible Imagina investment and paid a €29 million termination fee.
With the investment in La Sexta, we expect to capitalize on the size and growth trends in Spain’s advertising market, as well as the potential synergies between the country’s entertainment market and our current markets. La Sexta began broadcasting on March 27, 2006.
During 2008, we will make additional capital contributions of €44.4 million. We are not obligated and do not expect to have to make any additional contributions in the near future.
During the period from January 1, 2008 through June 13, 2008, we made additional capital contributions related to our 40% interest in La Sexta in the aggregate amount of €24.8 million.
For a description of our commitments of capital contributions in 2007 and 2008 related to this investment, See “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — Contractual Obligations and Commercial Commitments — Contractual Obligations Off the Balance Sheet.”
Walmex. In January 2006, we entered into an agreement with Wal-Mart de México, or Walmex, pursuant to which we deployed, in almost 300 of their stores, a digital signage network which is a form of in-store advertising in which content and messages are displayed on liquid-crystal displays, or LCD screens, typically with the goal of delivering targeted messages to specific locations at specific times. The network uses IP to broadcast, at every venue, tailor made content we produce specifically for this kind of point-of-purchase private television network which includes news, entertainment, and the production of the advertisement spots for Walmex’s suppliers.

 

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TVI. In March 2006, our subsidiary CVQ acquired a 50% interest in TVI, in the amount of Ps.798.3 million, which was substantially paid in cash. We agreed to pay additional purchase price adjustments based on the terms of the purchase agreement. These purchase price adjustments were for Ps.19.3 million in the second quarter of 2006, Ps.19.2 million in the first quarter of 2007 and Ps.19.4 million in the first quarter of 2008. No additional purchase price adjustments are required under the agreement. In addition, as part of the agreement, we agreed to provide funding to TVI in the form of a loan in the nominal amount of Ps. 240.6 million, which has been converted into capital stock. The ownership structure of TVI was not changed after the capitalization of the loan.
TVI is a telecommunications company offering pay television, data and voice services in the metropolitan area of Monterrey. As of December 31, 2007, it had 784,948 homes passed, served more than 164,800 cable television subscribers, 71,400 high-speed internet subscribers and 16,300 telephone lines.
CVQ notified the Mexican Antitrust Commission of its intent to acquire a 50% interest in TVI, and after appealing the decision of such authority at the first stage of the process on February 23, 2007, the Mexican Antitrust Commission authorized the intended acquisition, subject to compliance with certain conditions. We believe that as of the date of this annual report, CVQ has complied on a regular basis with all of such conditions. See “Key Information — Risk Factors — Risk Factors Related to Mexico — Mexican Antitrust Laws May Limit Our Ability to Expand Through Acquisitions or Joint Ventures”.
Alvafig. In November 2006, we invested U.S.$258.0 million in long-term notes convertible, at our option and subject to regulatory approval, into 99.99% of the equity of Alvafig, which holds 49% of the voting equity of Cablemás. In February 2008, we invested U.S.$100.0 million in an additional issuance of long-term notes of Alvafig, which proceeds were used by Alvafig to acquire limited voting shares of Cablemás equity, convertible into ordinary voting shares, which represent approximately 11% of Cablemás aggregate capital stock. Cablemás operates in 48 cities. As of December 31, 2007, the Cablemás cable network served more than 797,000 cable television subscribers, 220,400 high-speed internet subscribers and 41,000 IP-telephony lines, with approximately 2,200,000 homes passed. On August 8, 2007, the Mexican Antitrust Commission authorized, subject to compliance with certain conditions, the conversion of our long-term notes into 99.99% of the equity of Alvafig, and on December 11, 2007, after we appealed the first decision of the Mexican Antitrust Commission, the conversion of our long-term convertible notes into 99.99% of the equity of Alvafig was authorized subject to compliance with certain new conditions. These conditions include, among others, that we make available certain channels to pay-TV operators on non-discriminatory terms and that our pay-TV platforms carry upon request and subject to certain conditions, over the air channels operating in the same geographic zones where such pay-TV platforms provide their services. On May 13, 2008, the Mexican Antitrust Commission announced that the Company has complied with the conditions imposed by the Mexican Antitrust Commission, authorizing the conversion by the Company of the convertible long-term notes issued by Alvafig into 99.99% of its capital stock. Notwithstanding the aforementioned, the Company must comply with the Mexican Antitrust Commission’s conditions on a continued basis. On May 16, 2008, we converted all of the convertible long-term notes into 99.99% of the capital stock of Alvafig.
We have investments in several other businesses. See Note 5 to our year-end financial statements.
DTH Joint Ventures
Background. In November 1995, we, along with Globopar, News Corp. and, at a later date, Liberty Media, agreed to form a number of joint ventures to develop and operate DTH satellite services for Latin America and the Caribbean basin.
In October 1997, we and our partners formed MCOP, a U.S. partnership in which we, News Corp., and Globopar each indirectly held a 30% interest and in which Liberty Media indirectly held a 10% interest, to make investments in, and to supply programming and other services to, the Sky platforms in Latin America outside of Mexico and Brazil. DIRECTV purchased all of our equity interests in MCOP in November 2005. In addition, until October 2004, each of Televisa, News Corp., Globopar and Liberty Media indirectly held an interest (in the same proportion as their interests in MCOP were then held) in Sky Latin America Partners, or ServiceCo, a U.S. partnership formed to provide certain business and management services, and DTH Techco Partners, or TechCo, a U.S. partnership formed to provide certain technical services from two uplink facilities located in Florida. DIRECTV purchased all of our equity interests in TechCo in October 2005.
Digital Ku-band DTH satellite services commenced operations for the first time in Mexico and Brazil in the fourth quarter of 1996, in Colombia in the fourth quarter of 1997, in Chile in the fourth quarter of 1998 and in Argentina in the fourth quarter of 2000. We indirectly own interests in DTH satellite joint ventures in Mexico and Central America. In July 2002, we ceased operations in Argentina. We do not own any equity interest in the venture in Brazil. No assurance can be given that the DTH joint venture we currently run or that we may own in the future will be successful. See “Key Information — Risk Factors — Risk Factors Related to Our Business — We Have Experienced Substantial Losses, Primarily in Respect of Our Investments in Innova, and May Continue to Experience Substantial Losses as a Result of Our Participation in Innova, Which Would Adversely Affect Our Net Income”.

 

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For a description of capital contributions and loans we have made to date to those ventures, see “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — Results of Operations — Liquidity, Foreign Exchange and Capital Resources — Capital Expenditures, Acquisitions and Investments, Distributions and Other Sources of Liquidity” and “Major Stockholders and Related Party Transactions — Related Party Transactions — Capital Contributions and Loans”.
We have also been developing channels exclusively for pay-TV broadcast. Through our relationship with DIRECTV, we expect that our DTH satellite service will continue to negotiate favorable terms for programming rights with both third parties in Mexico and with international suppliers from the United States, Europe and Latin America and elsewhere.
In December 2003, News Corp. acquired a 34% equity interest in DIRECTV, and transferred its ownership interest in DIRECTV to Fox Entertainment Group, Inc., an 82% owned subsidiary of News Corp. Innova’s Social Part Holders Agreement provides that neither we nor News Corp. nor DIRECTV may directly or indirectly operate or acquire an interest in any business that operates a DTH satellite system in Mexico and other countries in Central America and the Caribbean (subject to limited exceptions).
In October 2004, DIRECTV Mexico announced that it was shutting down its operations and we, Innova, News Corp., DIRECTV, Liberty Media and Globopar entered into a series of agreements relating to our DTH joint ventures. With respect to the DTH joint venture in Mexico:
   
Innova and DIRECTV Mexico entered into a purchase and sale agreement, pursuant to which Innova agreed to purchase DIRECTV Mexico’s subscriber list for two promissory notes with an aggregate original principal amount of approximately Ps.665.7 million;
   
Innova and DIRECTV Mexico entered into a letter agreement which provided for cash payments to be made by Innova or DIRECTV Mexico based on the number of subscribers successfully migrating to Innova, the applicable sign-up fees for migrating subscribers, or certain migrated subscribers churning shortly after migration, among other specified payments under the agreement;
   
Innova, Innova Holdings and News Corp. entered into an option agreement, pursuant to which News Corp. was granted options to acquire up to a 15% equity interest in each of Innova and Innova Holdings, dependent upon the number of subscribers successfully migrating to Innova, in exchange for the two promissory notes referred above that were delivered to DIRECTV Mexico;
   
DIRECTV and News Corp. entered into a purchase agreement pursuant to which DIRECTV acquired (i) the right (which DIRECTV concurrently assigned to DTVLA) to purchase from News Corp. the options granted to News Corp. by Innova and Innova Holdings to purchase up to an additional 15% of the outstanding equity of each of such entities pursuant to the option agreement described above and (ii) the right to acquire News Corp.’s 30% interest in Innova and Innova Holdings;
   
DIRECTV and Liberty Media, entered into a purchase agreement pursuant to which DIRECTV agreed to purchase all of Liberty Media’s 10% interest in Innova and Innova Holdings for U.S.$88.0 million in cash. DIRECTV agreed that we may purchase two-thirds ( 2/3) of any equity interest in Innova and Innova Holdings sold by Liberty Media;
   
pursuant to the DTH agreement we entered into with News Corp., Innova, DIRECTV and DTVLA, with respect to certain DTH platforms owned or operated by News Corp. or DIRECTV or their affiliates and subject to certain restrictions, we have the right to require carriage of five of our channels on any such platform serving Latin America (including Puerto Rico but excluding Mexico, Brazil and countries in Central America), two of our channels on any such platform serving the United States or Canada, and one of our channels on any such platform serving areas other than the United States and Latin America;
   
we, News Corp., Innova, DIRECTV and DTVLA entered into a DTH agreement that, among other things, governs the rights of the parties with respect to DTVLA’s announced shutdown of its Mexican DTH business, planned shutdown of its existing DTH business in certain countries in Central America, the carriage of certain of our programming channels by Innova and other DTH platforms of DIRECTV, DTVLA, News Corp. and their respective affiliates, and the waiver and potential release of certain claims between certain of the parties; and
   
we and Innova entered into a channel licensing agreement pursuant to which Innova will pay us a royalty fee to carry our over-the-air channels on its DTH service.

 

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In connection with the October 2004 reorganization, with respect to the DTH joint ventures elsewhere in Latin America:
   
we entered into a purchase and sale agreement with DIRECTV, pursuant to which, among other things, (i) DIRECTV acquired all of our direct equity interests in ServiceCo, (ii) DIRECTV agreed to purchase all of our indirect equity interests in MCOP and (iii) DIRECTV has agreed to indemnify us for any and all losses arising out of our status as a partner in MCOP;
   
DIRECTV also agreed to purchase each of News Corp.’s, Liberty Media’s and Globopar’s equity interests in TechCo (a U.S. partnership formed to provide technical services from a main uplink facility in Miami Lakes, Florida and a redundancy site in Port St. Lucie, Florida), ServiceCo and MCOP; and
   
PanAmSat Corporation (now Intelsat Corporation) unconditionally released us from any and all obligations related to the MCOP transponder lease.
In February 2006, DIRECTV notified us that the DTH business operations of DIRECTV Mexico have ceased and the following transactions were completed:
   
DIRECTV Holdings exercised its right to acquire News Corp.’s 30% interest in Innova and DTVLA exercised the right to purchase the options granted to News Corp. by Innova and Innova Holdings to purchase up to an additional 12% of the outstanding equity of each of such entities pursuant to the previously disclosed option agreement;
   
DTVLA exercised an option to purchase 12% of Innova and Innova Holdings which was based on the number of subscribers successfully migrating to Innova, by delivering to Innova and Innova Holdings the two promissory notes issued in connection with Innova’s purchase of DIRECTV Mexico’s subscriber list for cancellation in October 2004;
   
DIRECTV Mexico made cash payments to Innova totaling approximately U.S.$2.7 million pursuant to a letter agreement entered into by both parties in October 2004 in connection with the purchase of the DIRECTV Mexico’s subscriber list. The payments were made due to certain ineligible subscribers, applicable sign-up costs, and other costs under the side letter;
   
DIRECTV Holdings purchased all of Liberty Media’s 10% interest in Innova. As described below, we exercised the right to acquire two-thirds of this 10% equity interest acquired from Liberty Media; and
   
we entered into an amended and restated guaranty with PanAmSat Corporation (now Intelsat Corporation) pursuant to which the proportionate share of Innova’s transponder lease obligation guaranteed by us was to cover a percentage of the transponder lease obligations equal to our percentage ownership of Innova. As a result of our acquisition of two-thirds of the equity interests that from Liberty Media, the guarantee has been readjusted to cover a percentage of the transponder lease obligations equal to our percentage ownership of Innova.
On April 27, 2006 we acquired two-thirds of the equity interests that DIRECTV acquired from Liberty Media, therefore we and DIRECTV own 58.7% and 41.3%, respectively, of Innova’s equity.
DIRECTV also purchased all of our equity interests in TechCo in October 2005 and in MCOP in November 2005. As a result of these transactions, both TechCo and MCOP are wholly owned by DIRECTV.
On March 27, 2008 News Corp. and Liberty Media announced the closing of a series of transactions, including a transaction in which Liberty obtained a controlling stake in DIRECTV whereby News Corp. transferred to Liberty its 41% interest in DIRECTV’s outstanding shares. See “Key Information — Risk Factors — Risk Factors Related to Our Business — We Have Experienced Substantial Losses, Primarily in Respect of Our Investments in Innova, and May Continue to Experience Substantial Losses as a Result of Our Participation in Innova, Which Would Adversely Affect Our Net Income”.

 

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Mexico and Central America. We operate “Sky”, our DTH satellite joint venture in Mexico, through Innova. We indirectly own 58.7% of this joint venture. As of December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007, Innova’s DTH satellite pay-TV service had approximately 1,250,600, 1,430,100 and 1,585,100 gross active subscribers, respectively. Innova primarily attributes its successful growth to its superior programming content, its exclusive transmission of sporting events such as soccer tournaments and special events such as reality shows, its high quality customer service and its nationwide distribution network with more than 3,300 points of sale. In addition to the above, Innova also experienced growth during 2005, due to new subscribers migrating from DIRECTV Mexico, during 2006, due to exclusive broadcasting of 34 out of the 64 matches of the 2006 Soccer World Cup and during 2007, due to new subscribers from operations in Costa Rica and The Dominican Republic. Sky continues to offer the highest quality and exclusive content in the Mexican pay-TV industry. Its programming packages combine our over-the-air channels with other DTH exclusive channels produced by News Corp.
During 2007, Sky offered exclusive content such as one out of every four soccer matches from the Mexican First Division Tournament, every game of the Spanish soccer league, the NFL Sunday ticket, the Major League Baseball and the NBA PASS. SKY also added new channels to its lineup, including five interactive channels providing information to its subscribers, such as weather, sports highlights, and others, as well as Baby First, a channel created specifically for babies and toddlers, the Channel 13 delay and two movie channels, City Vibe and City Mix. In addition to new programming contracts, Sky continues to operate under arrangements with a number of third party programming providers to provide additional channels to its subscribers, including HBO, MaxPrime, Cinemax, Movie City, Cinecanal, E! Entertainment, The Disney Channel, National Geographic, Canal Fox, Fox Sports, Fox News, MTV, VH1, Nickelodeon, TNT, CNN, The Cartoon Network and ESPN. Sky also has arrangements with the following studios to show films on an as-needed basis: 20th Century Fox, Universal Studios International, Buenavista International, Sony Pictures, Warner Bros., and Independent Studios.
In 2005, Sky purchased from Televisa certain rights to the 2006 Soccer World Cup. Sky aired all of the 64 games of the World Cup, out of which 34 were exclusively available to Sky subscribers. The cost of these rights plus production costs were U.S.$19.0 million.
Sky currently offers 222 digital channels through five programming packages: Basic (82 video channels, 50 audio channels and 22 pay-per-view); Fun (117 video channels, 50 audio channels and 29 pay-per-view); Movie City (125 video channels, 50 audio channels and 29 pay-per-view); HBO/Max (128 video channels, 50 audio channels and 29 pay-per-view); and Universe (143 video channels, 50 audio channels and 29 pay-per-view) for a monthly fee of Ps.228.00, Ps.302.00, Ps.428.00, Ps.478.00 and Ps.618.00, respectively. The subscriber receives a “prompt payment” discount if the monthly subscription payment is made within 12 days after the billing date.
Programming package monthly fees for residential subscribers, net of a prompt payment discount if the subscriber pays within 12 days of the billing date, are the following: Basic Ps.151.00, Fun Ps.267.00, Movie City Ps.381.00, HBO/Max Ps.431.00 and Universe Ps.571.00. Monthly fees for each programming package do not reflect a monthly rental fee in the amount of Ps.161.00 for the decoder necessary to receive the service (or Ps.148.00 if the subscriber pays within 12 days of the billing date) and a one-time installation fee of Ps.999.00, which is reduced to Ps.849.00 if the subscriber pays the monthly programming fees via an automatic charge to a debit card or for free if payment is charged directly to a credit card.
Sky devotes 20 pay-per-view channels to family entertainment and movies and eight channels are devoted to adult entertainment. In addition, Sky assigns five extra channels exclusively for special events, known as Sky Events, which include boxing matches, concerts, sports and movies. Sky provides some Sky Events at no additional cost while it sells others on a pay-per-view basis.
In order to more effectively compete against cable operators in the Mexican Pay-TV market, in September 2005, Sky launched the “Multiple Box” concept, which allows its current and new subscribers to have up to 4 boxes in their homes with independent programming on each TV.
The installation fee is based on the number of set up boxes and the method of payment chosen by the subscriber. The monthly cost consists of a programming fee plus a rental fee for each additional box.
Programming. We and News Corp. are major sources of programming content for our DTH joint venture and have granted our DTH joint venture exclusive DTH satellite service broadcast rights to all of our and News Corp.’s existing and future program services (including pay-per-view services on DTH), subject to some pre-existing third party agreements and other limited exceptions. In addition to sports, news and general entertainment programming, we provide our DTH joint venture in Mexico with exclusive DTH satellite service broadcast rights to our four over-the-air broadcast channels. Our DTH satellite service also has exclusive DTH broadcast rights in Mexico to Fox News and Canal Fox, one of the leading pay-TV channels in Mexico. Through its relationships with us and DIRECTV, we expect that the DTH satellite service in Mexico will be able to continue to negotiate favorable terms for programming both with third parties in Mexico and with international suppliers from the United States, Europe and Latin America. As a result of the Mexican Antitrust Commission’s rulings, when a competing DTH satellite service commences operations in Mexico, we are required, subject to certain conditions, to grant to that new DTH operator broadcast rights to some of our channels. In the short term, competing DTH satellite pay-TV services may commence operations in Mexico. We cannot predict when such services will commence operations or if they will comply with all requirements for us to provide them with our channels.

 

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Univision
We have a number of programming and financial arrangements with Univision, the leading Spanish-language media company in the United States, which owns and operates the Univision Network, the most-watched Spanish-language television network in the United States; the TeleFutura broadcast and Galavision satellite/cable television networks; several dozen full power and low power television broadcast stations; and 68 radio stations constituting the largest Spanish-language radio broadcasting company in the United States and the Univision Music Group, the leading Spanish-language music recording and publishing company in terms of music record sales in the United States. Information regarding Univision’s business which appears in this annual report has been derived primarily from public filings made by Univision with the SEC and the FCC.
We previously owned shares and warrants representing an approximate 11.3% equity interest in Univision, on a fully diluted basis. On March 29, 2007, Univision was acquired by a group of investors, and, as a result, all of Televisa’s shares and warrants in Univision have been cancelled and have been converted into cash in an aggregate amount of approximately U.S.$1,094.4 million. As a result of the closing of the acquisition of Univision, we lost our right to designate a member to the board of directors of Univision. Accordingly, our former designee to the board of directors of Univision, Ricardo Maldonado Yaez, resigned from the board.
We and Venevisión, a Venezuelan media company, have agreed to supply programming to Univision under program license agreements, including the PLA, that expire in December 2017 (unless earlier terminated), under which we and Venevisión granted Univision an exclusive license to broadcast in the United States, solely over the Univision Network, Galavision Network and TeleFutura Network, substantially all Spanish-language television programming, including programming with Spanish subtitles, for which we or Venevisión own the United States distribution rights, subject to exceptions, including certain co-productions. See “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — Results of Operations — Total Segment Results — Programming Exports”. We are entitled, in addition to our 9% programming royalty on net time sales in respect of the Univision and Galavision Networks, to a 12% programming royalty on net time sales of the TeleFutura Network, subject to certain adjustments, including minimum annual royalties of U.S.$5.0 million in respect of TeleFutura for 2003, increasing by U.S.$2.5 million each year up to U.S.$12.5 million. In exchange for programming royalties based upon combined net time sales regardless of the amount of our and Venevisión’s programming used by Univision, we have agreed that we will provide Univision with 8,531 hours of programming per year for the term of the agreement. See “Risk Factors — Risk Factors Related to Our Business — Current Litigation We Are Engaged In With Univision May Affect Our Relationship With Univision” for a description of our current disputes with Univision relating to royalties under the PLA and relating to our internet distribution rights, and our claim in such disputes that we believe we have the right to terminate the PLA due to uncured and uncurable material breaches. In 2007, Televisa programming represented approximately 36% of Univision’s and 15% of TeleFutura Networks’ non-repeat broadcast hours, respectively. The PLA, by its terms, survives the Univision merger.
We and Univision entered into definitive agreements in April 2003 to commence a joint venture to introduce our satellite and cable pay-TV programming into the United States. The joint venture company, TuTv, commenced operations in the second quarter of 2003. It currently distributes five channels, including two of our existing movie channels and three channels featuring music videos, celebrity lifestyle and interviews and entertainment news programming, and will create future channels available in the United States that feature our programming. In May 2003, TuTv entered into a five-year distribution agreement with EchoStar Communications Corporation for three of the five existing channels. The term of such agreement was extended in 2007, and it will expire in May 2009. TuTv is jointly controlled by Univision and us.
We have an international program rights agreement with Univision that requires Univision to grant us and Venevisión the right to broadcast, outside the United States, programs produced by Univision for broadcast on the Univision Network or Galavision Network under this agreement. We have the exclusive right to broadcast, among others, programs produced before October 2, 1996 (the “Grandfathered Programs”) in Mexico, and Venevisión has the exclusive right to broadcast these programs in Venezuela. We and Venevisión each have an undivided right to broadcast the Grandfathered Programs in all other territories (other than the United States, but including Puerto Rico). As for programs other than Grandfathered Programs (“New Programs”), we and Venevisión have the exclusive broadcast and related merchandising rights for Mexico and Venezuela, respectively, but Univision retains all rights for the rest of the world. The rights to the Grandfathered Programs and New Programs granted to us and Venevisión will continue until the termination of the relevant program license agreement and will revert back to Univision.
In May 31, 2005, we entered into a program license agreement with Univision whereby we have granted Univision an exclusive right to broadcast our television programming in Puerto Rico with some exceptions. We are entitled to a 12% programming royalty on the net time sales in respect to the Puerto Rico Stations. The terms and conditions of this agreement are similar to the program license agreement that we executed with Univision for the territory of the United States. We also had an option to acquire a 10% interest in these stations, but we decided not to exercise this option.

 

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As a result of the closing of the acquisition of Univision, we are no longer bound by the provisions of the Participation Agreement, except in the case that we enter into certain transactions involving direct broadcast satellite or DTH satellite to the U.S. market. The Participation Agreement had formerly restricted our ability to enter into certain transactions involving Spanish-language television broadcasting and a Spanish-language television network in the U.S. without first offering Univision the opportunity to acquire a 50% economic interest. Subject to compliance with the limited restrictions of the surviving terms of the Participation Agreement and the terms of the PLA, we can now engage in business opportunities in the growing U.S. Hispanic marketplace relating to programming and other businesses without offering Univision participation in such opportunities. We cannot predict how our overall business relationship with Univision will be affected by the recent acquisition of Univision by an investor acquiring group. We are engaged in litigation with Univision, as described in “Risk Factors — Risk Factors Related to Our Business — Current Litigation We Are Engaged In With Univision May Affect Our Relationship With Univision”, and “Additional Information — Legal Proceedings”. The Company expects to explore with Univision the possibility of a resolution of issues between them in the litigation potentially including possible joint endeavors or interests. There is no assurance that any such agreement will be reached. See “Information on the Company — Business Overview— Business Strategy — Developing New Businesses and Expanding Through Acquisitions.”
Competition
We compete with various forms of media and entertainment companies in Mexico, both Mexican and non-Mexican.
Television Broadcasting
Our television stations compete for advertising revenues and for the services of recognized talent and qualified personnel with other television stations (including the stations owned by TV Azteca) in their markets, as well as with other advertising media, such as radio, newspapers, outdoor advertising, cable television and a multi-channel, multi-point distribution system, or MMDS, and DTH satellite services. We generally compete with 199 channels throughout Mexico, including the channels of our major competitor, TV Azteca, which owns and operates Channels 7 and 13 in Mexico City, which we believe are affiliated with 176 stations outside of Mexico City. Televisora del Valle de México owns the concession for Channel 40, a UHF channel that broadcasts in the Mexico City metropolitan area. Based upon IBOPE Mexico surveys, during 2005, 2006 and 2007 the combined average audience share throughout Mexico of both the Channel 7 and 13 networks was 31.5%, 30.5% and 31.0%, respectively, during prime time, and 29.8%, 29.0% and 29.1%, respectively, during sign-on to sign-off hours. See “— Television — Television Industry in Mexico”.
In addition to the foregoing channels, there are additional operating channels in Mexico with which we also compete, including Channel 11, which has 8 repeater stations, and Channel 22 in Mexico City, which are operated by the Mexican government. Our television stations are the leading television stations in their respective markets. See “— Television — Television Broadcasting”.
Our English and Spanish-language border stations compete with English and Spanish-language television stations in the United States, and our Spanish-language productions compete with other English and Spanish-language programs broadcast in the United States.
We are a major supplier of Spanish-language programming in the United States and throughout the world. We face competition from other international producers of Spanish-language programming and other types of programming.
Publishing
Each of our magazine publications competes for readership and advertising revenues with other magazines of a general character and with other forms of print and non-print media. Competition for advertising is based on circulation levels, reader demographics and advertising rates.

 

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Cable and Telecom
According to the most recent information from CANITEC, there were approximately 1,150 cable concessions in Mexico as of December 31, 2007 serving approximately 4 million subscribers. Cablevisión is one of the largest cable system operators in Mexico City and one of seven cable system operators in the areas surrounding Mexico City. Cablevisión also competes with Innova, our DTH joint venture. See “— Cable and Telecom — Mexico City Cable System” and “— DTH Satellite Services”. Cablevisión also faces competition from MVS Multivisión, S.A. de C.V., or Multivisión, a MMDS operator, in Mexico City and the surrounding areas. MMDS, commonly called wireless cable, is a microwave transmission system which operates from a head end similar to that of a cable system. Multivisión has been in operation for more than 15 years and offers 15 channels to its subscribers. Some of the channels that Multivisión broadcasts compete directly with the Cablevisión channels, as well as Cablevisión’s 26 pay-per-view channels. Furthermore, since Cablevisión operates under non-exclusive franchises, other companies may obtain permission to build cable television systems and MMDS systems in areas where Cablevisión presently operates. In addition, pursuant to the Ley Federal de Telecomunicaciones, or the Telecommunications Law, Cablevisión is required to provide access to its cable network to the extent it has available capacity on its network.
In addition, in connection with internet access services and other new products and multimedia communications services, cable operators, such as Cablevisión, who were already authorized to provide bidirectional data and internet broadband services, have been authorized by the Mexican government to also provide voice services, including VoIP services.
On October 2, 2006, the Mexican federal government enacted a new set of regulations known as the Convergence Regulations. The Convergence Regulations allow certain concessionaires of telecommunication services to provide other services not included in their original concessions. Cable television providers may be allowed to provide internet and telephone services. In addition, telephone operators, such as Telmex, may be allowed to provide cable television services if certain requirements and conditions are met. We believe that we may face significant competition from new entrants providing telephony services, including cable television providers. See “Key Information — Risk Factors — Risk Factors Related to our Business — We Face Competition in Each of Our Markets That We Expect Will Intensify”.
In addition, in November 2006, the CFE announced that it had obtained an authorization from the Mexican government, through the Ministry of Communications and Transportation, to use their power lines and infrastructure to provide telecommunication services to cable operators using a new technology model known as PLC and BPL. We believe that this action will result in a significant reduction in the lease prices for infrastructure, as the CFE owns approximately 21,000 kilometers of power lines that could be used to transmit voice, data and video.
As a result of the aforementioned, Cablevisión will face competition from several media and telecommunications companies throughout Mexico, including internet service providers, DTH services and other personal communications and telephone companies, including us and our affiliates.
Radio
The radio broadcast business is highly competitive in Mexico. Our radio stations compete with other radio stations in their respective markets, as well as with other advertising media, such as television, newspapers, magazines and outdoor advertising. Among our principal competitors in the radio broadcast business are Grupo Radio Centro, S.A. de C.V., which owns or operates approximately 100 radio stations throughout Mexico, 14 of which are located in Mexico City, and Grupo Acir, which owns or operates approximately 160 radio stations in Mexico, seven of which are located in Mexico City.
Competition for audience share in the radio broadcasting industry in Mexico occurs primarily in individual geographic markets. Our radio stations are located in highly competitive areas. However, the strength of the signals broadcast by a number of our stations enables them to reach a larger percentage of the radio audience outside the market areas served by their competitors.
Feature Film Production and Distribution
Production and distribution of feature films is a highly competitive business in Mexico. The various producers compete for the services of recognized talent and for film rights to scripts and other literary property. We compete with other feature film producers, Mexican and non-Mexican, and distributors in the distribution of films in Mexico. See “— Other Businesses — Feature Film Production and Distribution”. Our films also compete with other forms of entertainment and leisure time activities.
DTH Satellite Services
Innova presently competes with, or expects to compete with, among others, cable systems (including Cablevisión), MMDS systems, national broadcast networks (including our four networks), regional and local broadcast stations, unauthorized C-band and Ku-band television signals obtained by Mexican viewers on the gray market, radio, movie theaters, video rental stores, internet and other entertainment and leisure activities generally.

 

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Innova’s main DTH competitor in Mexico used to be DTVLA, which operated DIRECTV Mexico. In October 2004, DTVLA announced that it was shutting down DIRECTV Mexico’s operations and agreed to sell its subscriber list to Innova.
Consolidation in the entertainment and broadcast industries could further intensify competitive pressures. As the pay-TV market in Mexico matures, and as the offering of bundled services that include internet, data and telephony increases, Innova expects to face competition from an increasing number of sources. Emerging technologies that provide new services to pay-TV customers as well as new competitors in the DTH field or telecommunication players entering into video services would require us to make significant capital expenditures in new technologies.
We are aware that other entities have obtained concessions to provide DTH satellite services in Mexico and may commence operations in the short term. Potential joint ventures with foreign DTH platforms could also accelerate competition in Mexico’s DTH and pay-TV market.
Gaming Business
Our principal competitors in the gaming industry are, with respect to bingo and sports halls, CIE and Grupo Caliente, and, with respect to Multijuegos, the governmental lotteries of Pronósticos and Lotería Nacional.
Regulation
Our business, activities and investments are subject to various Mexican federal, state and local statutes, rules, regulations, policies and procedures, which are constantly subject to change, and are affected by the actions of various Mexican federal, state and local governmental authorities. The material Mexican federal, state and local statutes, rules, regulations, policies and procedures to which our business, activities and investments are subject are summarized below. Station XETV, Tijuana, which broadcasts Fox television network programming in the San Diego television market, is also subject to certain regulatory requirements of the FCC, including the obligation to obtain permits for cross-border transmission of programming broadcast to the United States and to obtain licenses to operate microwave and/or satellite earth station transmitting equipment within the U.S. These summaries do not purport to be complete and should be read together with the full texts of the relevant statutes, rules, regulations, policies and procedures described therein.
Television
Mexican Television Regulations
Concessions. Mexico’s federal antitrust law has been amended by Congress. The amendments to the Mexican Federal Antitrust Law approved by the Mexican Federal Congress have been in full force and effect as of June 29, 2006. The amendments include, among other things, the following newly regulated activities: predatory pricing, exclusivity discounts, cross subsidization and any acts by an agent that result in cost increases or in the creation of obstacles in the production process of its competitors or the demand of the goods or services offered by such competitor. As of the date of this annual report, such amendments have not had a material adverse impact upon our business; however, we cannot predict how these amendments will impact our business in the future.
Certain amendments to the existing Ley Federal de Radio y Televisión and the Ley Federal de Telecomunicaciones have been enacted. In May 2006, several members of the Senate of the Mexican Federal Congress filed a complaint before the Supreme Court of Justice of Mexico, seeking a declaration that such amendments were unconstitutional and therefore null and void. This complaint was resolved by the Supreme Court of Justice on June 5, 2007, declaring several provisions of the amendments to the Ley Federal de Radio y Televisión and to the Ley Federal de Telecomunicaciones unconstitutional and therefore null and void. Among the provisions declared as unconstitutional by the Supreme Court of Justice are the ones referred to in former Article 28 of the Ley Federal de Radio y Televisión, pursuant to which holders of concessions had the ability to request authorization to provide additional telecommunications services within the same spectrum covered by a current concession without having to participate in a public bid therefor and Article 16 of the Ley Federal de Radio y Televisión, pursuant to which concessions were granted for a fixed term of 20 years having the possibility to renew such concessions by obtaining from the SCT a certification of compliance with their obligations under the concession. As a result of the Supreme Court’s ruling, once the transition to digital television and digital radio broadcasting is completed, if we want to provide additional telecommunications services within the same spectrum granted for digital television or digital radio broadcasting,

 

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respectively, we will have to follow the provisions of Article 24 of the Ley Federal de Telecomunicaciones to obtain the concession therefor. Also, there is uncertainty as to how radio and television concessions will be renewed in the future, since the Supreme Court ruling has resulted in requiring the renewal of the concessions to be subject to a public bid process, with a right of preference over other participating bidders given to the incumbent concessionnaire. Additionally, some members of the Mexican Congress have expressed their intent to propose a new Ley Federal de Radio y Televisión, which could affect, among other things, the framework for granting or renewing concessions. See “Key Information — Risk Factors — Risk Factors Related to Our Business — The Operation of Our Business May Be Terminated or Interrupted if the Mexican Government Does Not Renew or Revokes Our Broadcast or Other Concessions”. Also, either the SCT or the Federal Telecommunications Commission shall provide notice in the Diario Oficial de la Federación, or the Official Gazette of the Federation, of the call for bids and the available television frequencies, and make available the prerequisites for bids from interested parties for a maximum of 30 days.
The bidders shall comply with the following requirements:
   
proof of Mexican nationality;
   
submission of a business plan;
   
submission of technical specifications and descriptions;
   
submission of a plan for coverage;
   
submission of an investment program;
   
submission of a financial program;
   
submission of plans for technical development and actualization;
   
submission of plans for production and programming;
   
receipt of a guaranty to ensure the continuation of the process until the concession is granted or denied; and
   
a request for a favorable opinion from the Mexican Antitrust Commission.
Before granting the concession, the Federal Telecommunications Commission shall review the plans and programs submitted and the goals expressed by the bidder for consistency, as well as the results of the call for bids through the public auction. Within 30 days of the determination of a winning bid, such bidder has to provide proof of the required payment.
Concessions may be granted for a term of up to 20 years.
If the SCT determines that (i) the bidders’ applications do not guarantee the best conditions for the rendering of radio and television services, or (ii) that the offered payment proposals are not sufficient, or, that (iii) the submitted applications do not fulfill the requirements established under the bidding call or the bidding bases, it may terminate the bidding process and not grant the concession to any of the applicants.
The SCT may void the grant of any concession or terminate or revoke the concession at any time, upon the occurrence of, among others, the following events:
   
failure to construct broadcasting facilities within a specified time period;
   
changes in the location of the broadcasting facilities or changes in the frequency assigned without prior governmental authorization;
   
direct or indirect transfer of the concession, the rights arising therefrom or ownership of the broadcasting facilities without prior governmental authorization;

 

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transfer or encumbrance, in whole or in part, of the concession, the rights arising therefrom, the broadcasting equipment or any assets dedicated to the concessionaire’s activities, to a foreign government, company or individual, or the admission of any such person as a partner in the concessionaire’s business;
   
failure to broadcast for more than 60 days without reasonable justification;
   
any amendment to the bylaws of the concessionaire that is in violation of applicable Mexican law; and
   
any breach to the terms of the concession title.
None of our concessions has ever been revoked or otherwise terminated.
We believe that we have operated our television concessions substantially in compliance with their terms and applicable Mexican law. If a concession is revoked or terminated, the concessionaire could be required to forfeit to the Mexican government all of its assets or the Mexican government could have the right to purchase all the concessionaire’s assets. In our case, the assets of our licensee subsidiaries generally consist of transmitting facilities and antennas. See “Key Information — Risk Factors — Risk Factors Related to Our Business — The Operation of Our Business May Be Terminated or Interrupted if the Mexican Government Does Not Renew or Revokes Our Broadcast or Other Concessions”.
In July 2004, in connection with the adoption of a release issued by the SCT for the transition to digital television, all of our television concessions were renewed until 2021. The expiration dates for the concessions for our radio stations range from 2008 to 2016. Our cable telecommunications concessions expire in 2029 and our DTH concessions expire in 2020 and 2026. The expiration dates for the concessions for our telephone services range from 2018 to 2026. See “Key Information — Risk Factors — Risk Factors Related to Our Business — The Operation of Our Business May Be Terminated or Interrupted if the Mexican Government Does Not Renew or Revokes Our Broadcast or Other Concessions”.
Supervision of Operations. The SCT regularly inspects the television stations and the companies to which concessions have been granted must file annual reports with the SCT.
Television programming is subject to various regulations, including prohibitions on foul language and programming which is offensive or is against the national security or against public order. Under Mexican regulations, the Secretaría de Gobernación, or the Mexican Ministry of the Interior, reviews most television programming and classifies the age group for which the programming is acceptable for viewing. Programs classified for adults may be broadcast only after 10:00 p.m.; programs classified for adults and teenagers over 15 years old may be broadcast only after 9:00 p.m.; programs classified for adults and teenagers under 15 years old may be broadcast only after 8:00 p.m.; and programs classified for all age groups may be shown at any time.
Television programming is required to promote Mexico’s cultural, social and ideological identity. Each concessionaire is also required to transmit each day, free of charge, up to 30 minutes of programming regarding cultural, educational, family counseling and other social matters using programming provided by the Mexican government. Historically, the Mexican government has not used a significant portion of this time.
Networks. There are no Mexican regulations regarding the ownership and operation of a television network, such as the Channel 2, 4, 5 and 9 networks, apart from the regulations applicable to operating a television station as described above.
Restrictions on Advertising. Mexican law regulates the type and content of advertising broadcast on television. Concessionaires may not broadcast misleading advertisements. Under current law, advertisements of alcoholic beverages (other than beer and wine) may be broadcast only after 10:00 p.m. As of January 20, 2004, advertisements for tobacco products are prohibited by amendment to the Ley General de Salud, or the Public Health Law. Advertising for alcoholic beverages must not be excessive and must be combined with general promotions of nutrition and general hygiene. The advertisements of some products and services, such as medicine and alcohol, require approval of the Mexican government prior to their broadcast. Moreover, the Mexican government must approve any advertisement of lotteries and other games.
No more than 18% of broadcast time may be used for advertisements on any day. The SCT approves the minimum advertising rates. There are no restrictions on maximum rates. See “Key Information — Risk Factors — Risk Factors Related to Mexico — Changes in Existing Mexican Laws and Regulations or the Imposition of New Ones May Negatively Affect Our Operations and Revenue”.

 

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Broadcast Tax. Since 1969, radio and television stations have been subject to a tax which may be paid by granting the Mexican government the right to use 12.5% of all daily broadcast time. In October 2002, the 12.5% tax was replaced by the obligation to the Mexican government to provide up to 18 minutes per day of our television broadcast time and 35 minutes per day of our radio broadcast time between 6:00 a.m. and midnight, in each case distributed in an equitable and proportionate manner. Any time not used by the Mexican government on any day is forfeited. Generally, the Mexican government uses all or substantially all of the broadcast time available under this tax.
Foreign Ownership. Non-Mexican ownership of shares of Mexican enterprises is restricted in some economic sectors, including broadcast television, cable television, radio and DTH satellite services and certain telecommunications services. Under Mexico’s Ley de Inversión Extranjera, or Foreign Investment Law, the Radio and Television Law, and the Reglamento de la Ley de Inversión Extranjera, or the Foreign Investment Law Regulations, foreign investors may not vote the capital stock of Mexican broadcasting companies (other than through “neutral investment” mechanisms, such as through the CPOs held by certain of our stockholders). See “— Satellite Communications — Mexican Regulation of DTH Satellite Services”.
Radio
The regulations applicable to the operation of radio stations in Mexico are identical in all material respects to those applicable to television stations. As of December 31, 2007, the expiration dates of our radio concessions ranged from 2008 to 2016. See “— Television”, “— Other Businesses — Radio Stations” and “Key Information — Risk Factors — Risk Factors Related to Our Business — The Operation of Our Business May Be Terminated or Interrupted if the Mexican Government Does Not Renew or Revokes Our Broadcast or Other Concessions”.
Cable Television
Concessions. Cable television operators now apply for a public telecommunications network concession from the SCT in order to operate their networks and provide cable television services and other multimedia communications services. Applications are submitted to the SCT and, after a formal review process, a public telecommunications network concession is granted for an initial term of up to 30 years. Cablevisión obtained a telecommunications concession, which expires in 2029, and its concession to transmit the over-the-air UHF restricted television channel 46 expires in 2010. Pursuant to its public telecommunications concession, Cablevisión can provide cable television, limited audio transmission services, specifically music programming, bidirectional internet access and unlimited data transmission services in Mexico City and surrounding areas in the State of Mexico. In addition, in May 2007 the SCT granted Cablevisión a concession allowing Cablevisión to provide local telephony services using the telephony public network. The scope of Cablevisión’s public telecommunications concession is much broader than the scope of its former cable television concession, which covered only cable television services and audio programming. A public telecommunications concession may be renewed upon its expiration, or revoked or terminated prior to its expiration in a variety of circumstances including:
   
unauthorized interruption or termination of service;
   
interference by the concessionaire with services provided by other operators;
   
noncompliance with the terms and conditions of the public telecommunications concession;
   
the concessionaire’s refusal to interconnect with other operators;
   
loss of the concessionaire’s Mexican nationality;
   
unauthorized assignment, transfer or encumbrance, in whole or in part, of the concession or any rights or assets;
   
the liquidation or bankruptcy of the concessionaire; and
   
ownership or control of the capital stock of the concessionaire by a foreign government.
In addition, the SCT may establish under any public telecommunications concession further events which could result in revocation of the concession. Under current Mexican laws and regulations, upon the expiration or termination of a public telecommunications concession, the Mexican government has the right to purchase those assets of the concessionaire that are directly related to the concession, at market value.

 

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Cable television operators, including Cablevisión, are subject to the Telecommunications Law and, since February 2000, have been subject to the Reglamento del Servicio de Televisión y Audio Restringidos, or the Restricted Television and Audio Services Regulations. Under current Mexican law, cable television operators are classified as public telecommunications networks, and must conduct their business in accordance with Mexican laws and regulations applicable to public telecommunications networks which, in addition to the Telecommunications Law and the Restricted Television and Audio Services Regulations, includes the Ley Federal de Radio y Televisión and the Reglamento de la Ley Federal de Radio y Televisión.
Under the applicable Mexican law, the Mexican government, through the SCT, may also temporarily seize or even expropriate all of a public telecommunications concessionaire’s assets in the event of a natural disaster, war, significant public disturbance or threats to internal peace and for other reasons related to preserving public order or for economic reasons. The Mexican government is obligated by Mexican law to compensate the concessionaire, both for the value of the assets seized and related profits.
Supervision of Operations. The SCT regularly inspects the operations of cable systems and cable television operators must file annual reports with the SCT.
Under Mexican law, programming broadcast on Cablevisión networks is not subject to judicial or administrative censorship. However, this programming is subject to various regulations, including prohibitions on foul language, programming which is against good manners and customs or programming which is against the national safety or against public order.
Mexican law also requires cable television operators, including Cablevisión, to broadcast programming that promotes Mexican culture, although cable television operators are not required to broadcast a specified amount of this type of programming.
In addition to broadcasting programming that promotes Mexican culture, cable television operators must also set aside a specified number of their channels, which number is based on the total number of channels they transmit, to transmit programming provided by the Mexican government. Cablevisión currently broadcasts programming provided by the Mexican government on three of its channels, Channel 11, Channel 22 and Channel 5, a channel used by the Mexican Congress.
Restrictions on Advertising. Mexican law restricts the type of advertising which may be broadcast on cable television. These restrictions are similar to those applicable to advertising broadcast on over-the-air Channels 2, 4, 5 and 9. See “— Regulation — Television — Mexican Television Regulations — Restrictions on Advertising”.
Government Participation. Pursuant to the terms of cable concessions, cable television operators, including Cablevisión through September 23, 1999, were required to pay, on a monthly basis, absent a waiver from the Mexican government, up to 15% of revenues derived from subscriber revenues and substantially all other revenues, including advertising revenues, to the Mexican government in exchange for use of the cable concession. Most cable concessionaires, including Cablevisión, obtained a waiver on an annual basis to pay 9% of their revenues as participation to the Mexican government, as opposed to 15%. Under the Federal Telecommunications Law and accompanying regulations, cable television operators with public telecommunications network concessions, including Cablevisión, no longer have to pay the Mexican government any percentage of their revenues.
Forfeiture of Assets. Under Mexican regulations, at the end of the term of a public telecommunications concession, assets of concessionaires may be purchased by the Mexican government at market value.
Non-Mexican Ownership of Public Telecommunications Networks
Under current Mexican law, non-Mexicans may currently own up to 49% of the outstanding voting stock of Mexican companies with a public telecommunications concession. However, non-Mexicans may currently own up to all of the outstanding voting stock of Mexican companies with a public telecommunications concession to provide cellular telephone services, provided, that the requisite approvals are obtained from the Comisión Nacional de Inversiones Extranjeras, or the Foreign Investment Commission.
Application of Existing Regulatory Framework to Internet Access and IP Telephony Services
Cablevisión may be required, under Mexican law, to permit other concessionaires to connect their network to its network in a manner that enables its customers to choose the network by which the services are carried.

 

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To the extent that a cable television operator has any available capacity on its network, as a public telecommunications network, Mexican law requires the operator to offer third party providers access to its network. Cablevisión currently does not have any capacity available on its network to offer to third party providers and does not expect that it will have capacity available in the future given the broad range of services it plans to provide over its network.
Satellite Communications
Mexican Regulation of DTH Satellite Services. Concessions to broadcast DTH satellite services are for an initial term of up to 30 years, and are renewable for up to 30 years. We received a 30-year concession to operate DTH satellite services in Mexico utilizing SatMex satellites on May 24, 1996. On November 27, 2000, we received an additional 20-year concession to operate our DTH satellite service in Mexico using the PAS-9 satellite system, a foreign-owned satellite system.
Like a public telecommunications network concession, a DTH concession may be revoked or terminated by the SCT prior to the end of its term in certain circumstances, which for a DTH concession include:
   
the failure to use the concession within 180 days after it was granted;
   
a declaration of bankruptcy of the concessionaire;
   
failure to comply with the obligations or conditions specified in the concession;
   
unlawful assignments of, or encumbrances on, the concession; or
   
failure to pay to the government the required fees.
At the termination of a concession, the Mexican government has the preemptive right to acquire the assets of a DTH satellite service concessionaire. In the event of a natural disaster, war, significant public disturbance or for reasons of public need or interest, the Mexican government may temporarily seize and expropriate all assets related to a concession, but must compensate the concessionaire for such seizure. The Mexican government may collect fees based on DTH satellite service revenues of a satellite concessionaire.
Under the Telecommunications Law, DTH satellite service concessionaires may freely set customer fees but must notify the SCT of the amount, except that if a concessionaire has substantial market power, the SCT may determine fees that may be charged by such concessionaire. The Telecommunications Law specifically prohibits cross-subsidies.
Non-Mexican investors may currently own up to 49% of full voting equity of DTH satellite system concessionaires; provided that Mexican investors maintain control of the operation. Foreign investors may increase their economic participation in the equity of a concessionaire through neutral investment mechanisms such as the CPO trust.
Regulation of DTH Satellite Services in Other Countries. Our current and proposed DTH joint ventures in other countries are and will be governed by laws, regulations and other restrictions of such countries, as well as treaties that such countries have entered into, regulating the delivery of communications signals to, or the uplink of signals from, such countries. In addition, the laws of some other countries establish restrictions on our ownership interest in some of these DTH joint ventures as well as restrictions on programming that may be broadcast by these DTH joint ventures.
Mexican Gaming Regulations
Pursuant to Mexico’s Federal Law of Games and Draws, or Ley Federal de Juegos y Sorteos, or Gaming Law, and its accompanying regulations, the Reglamento de la Ley Federal de Juegos y Sorteos, or Gaming Regulations, the Secretaría de Gobernación, or Mexican Ministry of the Interior, has the authority to permit the operation of all manner of games and lotteries that involve betting. This administrative authorization is defined as a permit under the Gaming Regulations. Under the Gaming Regulations, each permit establishes the terms for the operation of the respective activities authorized under the permit and the specific periods for operation of those activities. Permits for games and lotteries that involve betting have a maximum term of 25 years. The holder of the relevant permit must comply with all the terms provided in the permit, the Gaming Law and the Gaming Regulations.

 

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In 2004, the Chamber of Deputies of the Mexican Congress filed a complaint before the Supreme Court of Justice of Mexico, seeking a declaration that the enactment of the Gaming Regulations was unconstitutional and, therefore, null and void. In January 2007, the Supreme Court of Justice declared the Gaming Regulations constitutional.
Mexican Antitrust Law
Mexico’s federal antitrust law and the accompanying regulations, the Reglamento de la Ley Federal de Competencia Económica, may affect some of our activities, including our ability to introduce new products and services, enter into new or complementary businesses and complete acquisitions or joint ventures. In addition, the federal antitrust law and the accompanying regulations may adversely affect our ability to determine the rates we charge for our services and products. In addition, approval of the Mexican Antitrust Commission is required for us to acquire certain businesses or enter into certain joint ventures. See “Key Information — Risk Factors — Risk Factors Related to Mexico — Mexican Antitrust Laws May Limit Our Ability to Expand Through Acquisitions or Joint Ventures” and “ — Changes in Existing Mexican Laws and Regulations or the Imposition of New Ones May Negatively Affect Our Operations and Revenue”.
The most recent amendments to the Mexican Antitrust Law, in full force as of June 29, 2006, include among other things the following newly regulated activities: predatory pricing, exclusivity discounts, cross subsidization, and any acts by an agent that result in cost increases or in the creation of obstacles in the production process of its competitors or the demand of the goods or services offered by such competitor.
Under the amendment, the review process of mergers and acquisitions by the Mexican Antitrust Commission, is modified by:
   
Raising the thresholds to make a concentration a reportable transaction.
   
Empowering the Mexican Antitrust Commission to issue a waiting order before a reported transaction may be closed, if such order is issued within ten business days from the date the transaction is reported to the Antitrust Commission.
   
Requiring the Mexican Antitrust Commission to rule upon a reported transaction that the filing party deems that it does not notoriously restrain competition (attaching the necessary evidence), within 15 business days from the filing date.
Additionally, the amendments provide for a significant enhancement of the Mexican Antitrust Commission authority:
   
An overreaching authority to determine whether competition, effective competition, market power and competition conditions in a specific market exist or not, either such determination is required under the antitrust law or if required under any other statute that requires a determination of market conditions.
   
To issue binding opinions in competition matters whether required by specific statutes, or required by other federal authorities. Such opinions shall also be issued in connection with decrees, regulations, governmental determinations and other governmental acts (such as public bid rules) which may have an anticompetitive effect.
   
To issue an opinion related to effective competition conditions in a specific market or to the market power of a given agent in a market.
   
To issue an opinion related to the granting of concessions, licenses or permits or the transfer of equity interests in concessionaries or licensees, are to be obtained if so required by the relevant statues or the bid rules.
   
To perform visits to economic agents with the purpose of obtaining evidence of violations to the law, including the ability to obtain evidence of the incurrence of a vertical or horizontal restraint. In all cases, the Mexican Antitrust Commission must obtain a judicial subpoena in order to proceed with the visits. Any agent that is subject to such order is bound to allow such visits and to cooperate fully with the Mexican Antitrust Commission.
The amendments also provide for changes in the investigation process of possible illegal conducts.

 

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Mexican Electoral Amendment
In 2007, the Mexican Federal Congress published an amendment to the Mexican Constitution, pursuant to which, among other things, the IFE has the exclusive right to manage and use the Official Broadcast Time during pre-campaign and campaign periods and also during election day. For a description of Official Television Broadcast Time and Official Radio Broadcast Time, see “— Business Overview — Maintaining Our Leading Position in the Mexican Television Market — Advertising Sales Plan” and “— Business Overview — Other Businesses — Radio Advertising”. The IFE has the exclusive right to use the Official Broadcast Time for its own purposes and for the use of political parties in Mexico (as provided in the Mexican Constitution) for self promotion and, when applicable, to promote their electoral campaigns.
The IFE and the political parties must comply with certain requirements included in the Constitutional Amendment for the use of Official Broadcast Time. During federal electoral periods, the IFE will be granted, per the Constitutional Amendment, 48 minutes per day in each radio station and television channel, to be used during pre-campaign periods in two and up to three minutes per broadcast hour in each radio station and television channel, of which all the political parties will be jointly entitled, to use one minute per broadcast hour. During campaign periods, at least 85% of the 48 minutes per day, shall be allocated among the political parties, and the remaining 15% may be used by the IFE for its own purposes. During non-electoral periods, the IFE will be assigned with up to 12% of the Official Broadcast Time, half of which shall be allocated among the political parties. In the event that local elections are held simultaneously with federal elections, the broadcast time granted to the IFE shall be used for the federal and the local elections. During any other local electoral periods, the allocation of broadcast time will be made pursuant to the criteria established by the Constitutional Amendment and as such criteria are reflected in applicable law.
In addition to the foregoing, pursuant to the Constitutional Amendment political parties are forbidden to purchase or acquire advertising time directly or through third parties, from radio or television stations; likewise, third parties shall not acquire advertising time from radio or television stations for the broadcasting of advertisements which may influence the electoral preferences of Mexican citizens, nor in favor or against political parties or candidates to offices elected by popular vote.
We believe we have been operating our business in compliance with the provisions of the Constitutional Amendment; however, we have filed legal actions contesting certain provisions of such Constitutional Amendment.
We cannot predict what impact the Constitutional Amendment will have upon our radio and television businesses at this time, nor can we predict the outcome of the legal actions brought by the Company against such Constitutional Amendment. A decrease in paid advertising of the nature described above could lead to a decrease in our television or radio revenues.
Significant Subsidiaries
The table below sets forth our significant subsidiaries and Innova, a consolidated variable interest entity, as of December 31, 2007.
                 
    Jurisdiction of        
    Organization or     Percentage  
Name of Significant Subsidiary   Incorporation     Ownership(1)  
Corporativo Vasco de Quiroga, S.A. de C.V.(2)
  Mexico     100.0 %
CVQ Espectáculos, S.A. de C.V.(2)(3)
  Mexico     100.0 %
Editora Factum, S.A. de C.V.(3)(4)
  Mexico     100.0 %
Empresas Cablevisión, S.A.B de C.V.(3)(5)
  Mexico     51.0 %
Editorial Televisa, S.A. de C.V.(3)(6)
  Mexico     100.0 %
Factum Mas, S.A. de C.V.(3)(7) )(8)
  Mexico     100.0 %
Sky DTH, S. de R.L. de C.V.(7)
  Mexico     100.0 %
Innova, S. de R.L. de C.V. (Innova)(9)
  Mexico     58.7 %
Grupo Distribuidoras Intermex, S.A. de C.V.(3)(10)
  Mexico     100.0 %
Paxia, S.A. de C.V.(3)(11)
  Mexico     100.0 %
Sistema Radiópolis, S.A. de C.V.(2)(3)(12)
  Mexico     50.0 %
Telesistema Mexicano, S.A. de C.V.(13)
  Mexico     100.0 %
G-Televisa-D, S.A. de C.V.(14)
  Mexico     100.0 %
Televisa, S.A. de C.V.(15)
  Mexico     100.0 %
Televisa Juegos, S.A. de C.V.(2)(3)(16)
  Mexico     100.0 %
Televisión Independiente de México, S.A. de C.V.(3)(13)
  Mexico     100.0 %
 
     
(1)  
Percentage of equity owned by us directly or indirectly through subsidiaries or affiliates.
 
(2)  
One of four direct subsidiaries through which we conduct the operations of our Other Businesses segment, excluding Internet operations.
 
(3)  
While this subsidiary is not a significant subsidiary within the meaning of Rule 1-02(w) of Regulation S-X under the Securities Act, we have included this subsidiary in the table above to provide a more complete description of our operations.

 

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(4)  
Subsidiary through which we own equity interests in and conduct the operations of our Cable and Telecom segment.
 
(5)  
Indirect subsidiary through which we conduct the operations of our Cable and Telecom segment.
 
(6)  
Direct subsidiary through which we conduct the operations of our Publishing segment.
 
(7)  
One of two subsidiaries through which we own our equity interest in Innova.
 
(8)  
Direct subsidiary through which we own equity interests in and conduct our Internet business.
 
(9)  
Consolidated variable interest entity through which we conduct the operations of our Sky segment. We currently own a 58.7% interest in Innova.
 
(10)  
Direct subsidiary through which we conduct the operations of our Publishing Distribution segment.
 
(11)  
Direct subsidiary through which we maintain 99.99% of the capital stock of Alvafig, a holding company with an interest of 49% in Cablemás, a large cable operator in Mexico.
 
(12)  
Direct subsidiary through which we conduct the operations of our Radio business.
 
(13)  
One of two direct subsidiaries through which we conduct the operations of our Television Broadcasting, Pay Television Networks and Programming Exports segments.
 
(14)  
Indirect subsidiary through which we conduct certain operations of our Television Broadcasting segment.
 
(15)  
Indirect subsidiary through which we conduct the operations of our Television Broadcasting, Pay Television Networks and Programming Exports segments.
 
(16)  
Direct subsidiary through which we conduct the operations of our Gaming business.
On June 29, 2007, shareholders voted on the merger of Campus América, S.A. de C.V., and Linking Media, S.A. de C.V. with and into Grupo Televisa, S.A.B. The main purpose of the merger was to simplify the corporate structure of Grupo Televisa, reducing unnecessary administrative costs. The merger did not have an effect on the securities of Grupo Televisa, including its CPOs.
Property, Plant and Equipment
Broadcasting, Office and Production Facilities. Our properties consist primarily of broadcasting, production facilities, television and reporter stations, technical operations facilities, workshops, studios and office facilities, most of which are located in Mexico. We own most of our properties or lease offices and facilities through indirect wholly owned and majority owned subsidiaries. There are no major encumbrances on any of our properties, and we currently do not have any significant plans to construct any new properties or expand or improve our existing properties. Our principal offices, which we own, are located in Santa Fe, a suburb of Mexico City. Each of our television stations has individual transmission facilities located in Mexico, substantially all of which we own. Our television production operations are concentrated in two locations in Mexico City, 16 studios in San Angel and 13 studios located in Chapultepec. We own substantially all of these studios. The local television stations wholly or majority owned by us have in the aggregate 39 production studios. We own other properties used in connection with our operations, including a training center, technical operations facilities, studios, workshops, television and repeater stations, and office facilities. We beneficially own Azteca Stadium, which seats approximately 105,000 people, through a trust arrangement that was renewed in 1993 for a term of 30 years and that may be extended for additional periods. In the aggregate, these properties, excluding Azteca Stadium, currently represent approximately 4.6 million square feet of space, of which over 3.2 million square feet are located in Mexico City and the surrounding areas, and approximately 1.4 million square feet are located outside of Mexico City and the surrounding areas.
Our cable television, radio, publishing and Mexican DTH satellite service businesses are located in Mexico City. We also own the transmission and production equipment and facilities of our radio stations located outside Mexico City.

 

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We also own or lease over a total of 557,866 square feet in properties in the United States, Latin America, Spain and Switzerland in connection with our operations there. We own or lease all of these properties through indirect wholly owned and majority owned subsidiaries. The following table summarizes our real estate and lease agreements in the United States, Latin America, Spain and Switzerland.
             
    Number of      
Operations   Properties     Location
Television and news activities
           
Owned properties
    2     San Diego, California(1)
Leased properties
          Buenos Aires, Argentina(1)
 
    4     Madrid, Spain(2)
 
          San Diego, California(1)
Zug, Switzerland(1)
Publishing activities
         
Owned properties
    8     Miami, Florida(1)
 
          Santiago, Chile(1)
 
          Quito, Ecuador(1)
 
          Guayaguil, Ecuador(1)
 
          Cali, Colombia(1)
 
          Alicate, Colombia(1)
 
          Buenos Aires, Argentina(2)
Leased properties
    10     Beverly Hills, California(1)
 
          Miami, Florida(1)
 
          New York, New York(1)
 
          Medellín, Colombia(1)
 
          Bogota, Colombia(3)
 
          Quito, Ecuador(1)
 
          Caracas, Venezuela(1)
 
          San Juan, Puerto Rico(1)
Publishing distribution and other activities
           
Owned properties
    2     Lima, Peru(1)
 
          Guayaquil, Ecuador(1)
Leased properties
    80     Quito, Ecuador(2)
 
          Guayaquil, Ecuador(1)
 
          Buenos Aires, Argentina(1)
 
          Panamá, Panamá(2)
 
          Santiago, Chile (45)
 
          Armenia, Colombia(1)
 
          Barranquilla, Colombia(3)
 
          Bogota, Colombia(3)
 
          Bucaramanga, Colombia(1)
 
          Cali, Colombia(5)
 
          Cartagena, Colombia(1)
 
          Colombia, Colombia(2)
 
          Ibage, Colombia(1)
 
          Manizales, Colombia(1)
 
          Medellín, Colombia(4)
 
          Pasto, Colombia(1)
 
          Pompayan, Colombia(1)
 
          Pereira, Colombia(1)
 
          Santa Martha, Colombia(1)
 
          Sincelejo, Colombia,(1)
 
          Villavicencio, Colombia(1)
 
          Lima, Peru(1)
DTH
           
Leased properties
    1     San José, Costa Rica(1)
Telephony
           
Leased properties
    6     San Antonio, Texas(3)
 
          Dallas, Texas(1)
 
          Laredo, Texas(1)
 
          McAllen, Texas(1)

 

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Satellites. We currently use transponder capacity on four satellites: Satmex V, which reaches Mexico, the United States, Latin America, except Brazil, and the Caribbean; Intelsat 3-R (formerly PAS 3-R), which reaches North America, Western Europe, Latin America and the Caribbean; and Galaxy 16 (formerly Galaxy IVR), which reaches Mexico, the U.S. and Canada. The Intelsat 9 (formerly PAS-9) satellite is currently functioning and its period of operation is expected to last 15 years (life expectancy through 2019). With Intelsat, we are evaluating alternatives to replace Intelsat 9. Intelsat 9 provides coverage of Central America, Mexico, the Southern United States and the Caribbean. Intelsat will launch a back-up satellite for our DTH joint venture operations in the fourth quarter of 2009, and we estimate that it will start operations in the first quarter of 2010. For a description of guarantees related to our DTH joint venture transponder obligations, see Note 11 to our year-end financial statements.
On September 20, 1996, PanAmSat, our primary satellite service provider, agreed to provide U.S. transponder service on three to five PAS-3R Ku-band transponders, at least three of which were intended to be for the delivery of DTH satellite services to Spain. Under the PAS-3R transponder contract, as amended, we were required to pay for five transponders at an annual fee for each transponder of U.S.$3.1 million. We currently have available transponder capacity on two 36 MHz C-band transponders on Galaxy 16 (formerly, Galaxy IVR), which reaches Mexico, the United States and Canada, due to an exchange with three of the five 54 MHz Ku-band transponders on PAS-3R described above. For each of the 36 MHz C-band transponders we pay an annual fee of approximately U.S.$3.7 million.
On December 2005, we signed an extension with PanAmSat, for the use of three transponders on PAS-3R satellite until 2009 and 2012 and two transponders in Galaxy IVR (replaced by Galaxy 16) satellite until 2016.
PanAmSat and DIRECTV announced the completion of the sale of PanAmSat on August 20, 2004, to affiliates of Kohlberg, Kravis, Roberts & Co. L.P., The Carlyle Group and Providence Equity Partners, Inc.
On June 19, 2006, the FCC announced that it has approved the merger of Intelsat, Ltd., or Intelsat, with PanAmSat Holding Corporation, or PanAmSat. Intelsat and PanAmSat announced the conclusion of their merger transaction on July 3, 2006. Previously, on August 29, 2005, Intelsat and PanAmSat announced the merger of both companies by means of an acquisition of PanAmSat by Intelsat, creating a world-class communications solution provider. As of today, the merger has not had a material effect on our relationship with PanAmSat, although we cannot predict our future relationship with the new company.
On August 14, 2006, Televisa’s main network broadcast operation was successfully relocated from satellite Galaxy IVR to Galaxy 16. Televisa’s broadcast was formerly conducted through Galaxy IVR, which experienced an irreparable damage that shortened its expected operational life.
On February 1, 2007, Intelsat renamed some of their satellite fleet recently acquired with the merger with PanAmSat: current names for PAS-9 and PAS-3R are IS-9 and IS-3R, respectively. Intelsat kept the name of Galaxy 16. In December 2007, Innova and Sky Brasil reached an agreement with Intelsat Corporation and Intelsat LLC to build and launch a new 24-transponder satellite, IS-16, for which service will be dedicated to Sky and Sky Brasil over the satellite’s estimated 15-year life. The satellite will be manufactured by Orbital Sciences Corporation and is expected to launch in the fourth quarter of 2009.
With several new domestic and international satellites having been launched recently, and with several others scheduled for launch in the next few years, including those scheduled for launch by the new Intelsat company, we believe that we will be able to secure satellite capacity to meet our needs in the future, although no assurance can be given in this regard.
Insurance. We maintain comprehensive insurance coverage for our offices, equipment and other property, subject to some limitations, that result from a business interruption due to natural disasters or other similar events, however, we do not maintain business interruption insurance for our DTH business in case of loss of satellite transmission.

 

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Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects
You should read the following discussion together with our year-end financial statements and the accompanying notes, which appear elsewhere in this annual report. This annual report contains forward-looking statements that reflect our plans, estimates and beliefs. Our actual results could differ materially from those discussed in these forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to these differences include, but are not limited to, those discussed below and elsewhere in this annual report, particularly in “Key Information — Risk Factors.” In addition to the other information in this annual report, investors should consider carefully the following discussion and the information set forth under “Key Information — Risk Factors” before evaluating us and our business.
Preparation of Financial Statements
Our year-end financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Mexican FRS, which differ in some significant respects from U.S. GAAP. Note 23 to our year-end financial statements describes certain differences between Mexican FRS and U.S. GAAP as they relate to us through December 31, 2007. Note 23 to our year-end financial statements provides a reconciliation to U.S. GAAP of net income and total stockholders’ equity. Note 23 to our year-end financial statements also presents all other disclosures required by U.S. GAAP, as well as condensed financial statement data.
As required by Mexican FRS, our financial statements were adjusted through December 31, 2007, to reflect changes in purchasing power of the Peso due to inflation. These changes were based on the NCPI. Beginning on January 1, 2008, and under certain circumstances, we are no longer required by Mexican FRS to recognize the effects of inflation in our books and records, except those recognized through December 31, 2007.
Results of Operations
The following tables set forth our results of operations data for the indicated periods as a percentage of net sales:
                         
    Year Ended December 31,(1)  
    2005     2006     2007  
Operating Segment Net Sales
                       
Television Broadcasting
    55.4 %     53.8 %     49.7 %
Pay Television Networks
    3.3       3.4       4.3  
Programming Exports
    5.6       5.4       5.3  
Publishing
    7.5       7.4       7.8  
Publishing Distribution
    1.2       1.1       1.1  
Sky
    17.9       19.1       19.7  
Cable and Telecom
    4.2       5.1       6.1  
Other Businesses
    4.9       4.7       6.0  
 
                 
Total Segment Net Sales
    100.0 %     100.0 %     100.0 %
Intersegment Operations
    (3.1 )     (2.8 )     (2.6 )
 
                 
Total Consolidated Net Sales
    96.9 %     97.2 %     97.4 %
 
                 
Total Net Sales
                       
Cost of Sales(2)
    45.4 %     42.7 %     43.6 %
Selling Expenses(2)
    8.2       7.9       7.9  
Administrative Expenses(2)
    5.7       6.1       5.9  
Depreciation and Amortization
    7.4       7.1       7.8  
 
                 
Consolidated Operating Income
    33.3       36.2       34.8  
 
                 
Total
    100.0 %     100.0 %     100.0 %
 
                 
 
     
(1)  
Certain segment data set forth in these tables may vary from certain data set forth in our year-end consolidated financial statements due to differences in rounding. The segment net sales and total segment net sales data set forth in this annual report reflect sales from intersegment operations in all periods presented. See Note 22 to our year-end financial statements.
 
(2)  
Excluding depreciation and amortization.

 

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Summary of Business Segment Results
The following table sets forth the net sales and operating segment income (loss) of each of our business segments and intersegment sales and corporate expenses for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007. In 2003, we adopted the provisions of Bulletin B-5, “Financial Information by Segments” issued by the Mexican Institute of Public Accountants, or MIPA, which contains provisions that are similar to the standards previously applied by us under International Accounting Standard No. 14, “Segment Reporting”. These standards require us to look to our internal organizational structure and reporting system to identify our business segments. In accordance with these standards, we currently classify our operations into eight business segments: Television Broadcasting, Pay Television Networks, Programming Exports, Publishing, Publishing Distribution, Sky, Cable and Telecom, and Other Businesses. In 2007 we changed the names of two of our segments — “Sky Mexico” to “Sky”, because we began operations in Central America, and “Cable Television” to “Cable and Telecom” due to the consolidation of Bestel, a telecommunication company, into this segment. The Company’s Radio business was presented as a separate reportable segment in 2005 and 2006. Beginning in 2007 “Radio” was classified into the “Other Businesses” segment since its operations are no longer significant to the Company’s consolidated financial statements taken as a whole. In 2004, we changed the names of two of our segments — “Programming for Pay Television” to “Pay Television Networks” and “Programming Licensing” to “Programming Exports” — in order to make the descriptions more accurate. See “— Recently Issued Mexican Financial Reporting Standards” and Note 1(t) to our year-end financial statements. Our results for 2005, 2006 and 2007, include Sky as a segment. Effective April 1, 2004, we adopted the guidelines of FIN 46(R) in accordance with Mexican FRS NIF A-8, “Supplementary Financial Reporting Standards”. Before adopting FIN 46(R), we accounted for our investment in Sky by applying the equity method and recognized equity in results in excess of our investment up to the amount of the guarantees made by us in connection with certain capital lease obligations of Sky. See Note 1(g) to our year-end financial statements.
                         
    Year Ended December 31,(1)  
    2005     2006     2007  
    (Millions of Pesos in purchasing power as of December 31, 2007)  
Operating Segment Net Sales
                       
Television Broadcasting
  Ps. 20,049.8     Ps. 21,760.4     Ps. 21,213.2  
Pay Television Networks
    1,199.7       1,379.0       1,852.0  
Programming Exports
    2,025.3       2,190.3       2,262.1  
Publishing
    2,705.1       2,993.9       3,311.9  
Publishing Distribution
    434.2       449.8       479.2  
Sky
    6,463.3       7,732.9       8,402.2  
Cable and Telecom
    1,517.1       2,059.4       2,611.6  
Other Businesses
    1,801.9       1,922.3       2,560.4  
 
                 
Total Segment Net Sales
    36,196.4       40,488.0       42,692.6  
Intersegment Operations
    (1,128.4 )     (1,130.3 )     (1,131.1 )
 
                 
Total Consolidated Net Sales
  Ps. 35,068.0     Ps. 39,357.7     Ps. 41,561.5  
 
                 
Operating Segment Income (Loss)
                       
Television Broadcasting
  Ps. 9,557.6     Ps. 10,996.3     Ps. 10,518.1  
Pay Television Networks
    559.4       707.9       1,150.2  
Programming Exports
    721.9       902.0       1,032.0  
Publishing
    518.4       576.7       624.4  
Publishing Distribution
    7.1       18.7       28.5  
Sky
    2,717.2       3,689.1       4,037.9  
Cable and Telecom
    528.6       847.5       947.2  
Other Businesses
    (138.4 )     (224.9 )     (266.0 )
 
                 
Total Operating Segment Income(2)
    14,471.8       17,513.3       18,072.3  
Corporate Expenses(2)
    (197.0 )     (467.8 )     (368.3 )
Depreciation and Amortization
    (2,611.6 )     (2,779.8 )     (3,223.1 )
 
                 
Total Consolidated Operating Income(3)
  Ps. 11,663.2     Ps. 14,265.7     Ps. 14,480.9  
 
                 
 
     
(1)  
Certain segment data set forth in these tables may vary from certain data set forth in our year-end financial statements due to differences in rounding. The segment net sales and total segment net sales data set forth in this annual report reflect sales from intersegment operations in all periods presented. See Note 22 to our year-end financial statements.
 
(2)  
The operating segment income (loss), and total operating segment income data set forth in this annual report do not reflect corporate expenses or depreciation and amortization in any period presented, but are presented herein to facilitate the discussion of segment results.
 
(3)  
Total consolidated operating income reflects corporate expenses and depreciation and amortization in all periods presented. See Note 22 to our year-end financial statements.

 

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Seasonality
Our results of operations are seasonal. We typically recognize a disproportionately large percentage of our overall advertising net sales in the fourth quarter in connection with the holiday shopping season. For example, in 2005, 2006 and 2007, we recognized 29.7%, 28.3% and 29.9%, respectively, of our net sales in the fourth quarter of the year. Our costs, in contrast to our revenues, are more evenly incurred throughout the year and generally do not correlate to the amount of advertising sales.
Results of Operations for the Year Ended December 31, 2007
Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2006
Total Segment Results
Net Sales
Our net sales increased by Ps.2,203.8 million, or 5.6%, to Ps.41,561.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2007 from Ps.39,357.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2006. This increase reflects a revenue growth in our Sky, Cable and Telecom, Pay Television Networks, Publishing, Programming Exports, Publishing Distribution and Other Businesses segments, partially offset by a decrease in our Television Broadcasting segment in our 2007 results due to the inclusion of the political campaigns and Soccer World Cup advertising in our 2006 results.
Cost of Sales
Cost of sales increased by Ps.1,336.8 million, or 8.0%, to Ps.18,128.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2007 from Ps.16,791.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2006. This increase was due to higher costs in our Cable and Telecom, Sky, Publishing, Publishing Distribution, Pay Television Networks and Other Businesses segments. These increases were partially offset by lower cost of sales in our Television Broadcasting and Programming Exports segments.
Selling Expenses
Selling expenses increased by Ps.147.3 million, or 4.7%, to Ps.3,277.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2007 from Ps.3,130.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2006. This increase was attributable to higher selling expenses in our Publishing, Cable and Telecom, Pay Television Networks and Other Businesses segments, as a result of increases in promotional and advertising expenses and commissions paid. These increases were partially offset by lower selling expenses in our Programming Exports, Sky, Publishing Distribution and Television Broadcasting segments.
Administrative Expenses
Administrative expenses increased by Ps.61.2 million, or 2.6%, to Ps.2,452.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2007, from Ps.2,390.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2006. This increase reflects the administrative expense growth in our Cable and Telecom, Publishing, Sky, Television Broadcasting, Pay Television Networks, Publishing Distribution and Other Businesses segments. These increases were partially offset by lower administrative expenses in our Programming Exports segment as well as a decrease in corporate expenses due to a reduction in share-based compensation expense, which amounted to Ps.140.5 million in 2007, compared with Ps.243.9 million in 2006.

 

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Television Broadcasting
Television Broadcasting net sales are derived primarily from the sale of advertising time on our national television networks, Channels 2, 4, 5 and 9, and local stations, including our English language station on the Mexico/U.S. border. The contribution of local stations net sales to Television Broadcasting net sales was 13.5% in 2006 and 13.3% in 2007. No Television Broadcasting advertiser accounted for more than 10% of Television Broadcasting advertising sales in any of these years.
Television Broadcasting net sales, representing 53.8% and 49.7% of our total segment net sales for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2007, respectively, decreased by Ps.547.2 million, or 2.5%, to Ps.21,213.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2007 from Ps.21,760.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2006. This decrease was attributable to the broadcast in 2006 of the FIFA World Cup, political advertising related to the presidential election in Mexico and an unexpected slowdown in consumer spending in Mexico, which led to a decline in advertising revenues during 2007.
Television Broadcasting operating segment income decreased by Ps.478.2 million, or 4.3%, to Ps.10,518.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2007 from Ps.10,996.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2006. This decrease was due to a decrease in net sales, partially offset by a decrease in cost of sales due to the transmission rights of the FIFA World Cup in 2006 and a decrease in operating expenses driven by lower provision for doubtful trade accounts.
Advertising Rates and Sales
We sell commercial time in two ways: upfront and scatter basis. Advertisers that elect the upfront option lock in prices for the upcoming year, regardless of future price changes. Advertisers that choose the upfront option make annual prepayments, with cash or short-term notes, are charged the lowest rates for their commercial time, are given the highest priority in schedule placement, and are given a first option in advertising during special programs. Scatter advertisers, or advertisers who choose not to make upfront payments but rather advertise from time to time, risk both higher prices and lack of access to choice commercial time slots. We sell advertising to our customers on a cost per rating point basis.
The Mexican government does not restrict our ability to set our advertising rates. In setting advertising rates and terms, we consider, among other factors, the likely effect of rate increases on the volume of advertising sales. We have historically been flexible in setting rates and terms for our television advertising. Nominal rate increases have traditionally varied across daytime hours, and the same price increases have not been implemented for all programs, with higher increases in certain programs as a result of high demand for advertising during certain hours.
During 2006 and 2007, we increased our nominal advertising rates. During prime time broadcasts, we sold an aggregate of 1,493 hours of advertising time in 2006 and 1,416 hours in 2007. During sign-on to sign-off hours, we sold 3,216 hours of advertising time in 2006 and 3,050 hours in 2007. Television Broadcasting advertising time that is not sold to the public is primarily used to satisfy our legal obligation to the Mexican government to provide Official Television Broadcast Time and to promote, among other things, our television products.
As of December 31, 2006 and December 31, 2007, we had received Ps.15,946.0 million (nominal) and Ps.16,085.0 million (nominal), respectively, of advertising deposits for television advertising time during 2007 and 2008, representing approximately U.S.$1,476.1 million and U.S.$1,472.7 million at the applicable year-end exchange rates. Approximately 61.9% and 67.9% of these deposits as of December 31, 2006 and 2007, respectively, were in the form of short-term, non-interest bearing notes, with the remainder in each of these years consisting of cash deposits. The weighted average maturity of these notes at December 31, 2006 and 2007 was 3.6 months.
Pay Television Networks
Pay Television Networks net sales are derived primarily from revenues received in exchange for providing television channels to pay television providers servicing the United States, Europe, the Caribbean, Australia, Latin America and Canada, including other cable systems in Mexico and the DTH satellite joint venture in which we have an interest. Pay television networks net sales also include the revenues from TuTv, our pay-TV joint venture in the United States with Univision, in this segment. Revenues from advertising time sold with respect to programs provided to cable systems in Mexico and internationally are also reflected in this segment. Pay Television Networks sell advertising independently from our other media-related segments on a scatter basis.
Pay Television Networks net sales, representing 3.4% and 4.3% of our total segment net sales for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2007, respectively, increased by Ps.473.0 million, or 34.3%, to Ps.1,852.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2007 from Ps.1,379.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2006. This increase reflects higher revenues from signals sold in Mexico and Latin America, higher sales of TuTv, and an increase in advertising sales in Mexico.

 

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Pay Television Networks operating segment income increased by Ps.442.3 million, or 62.5%, to Ps.1,150.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2007, from Ps.707.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2006, primarily due to higher sales. This increase was partially offset by an increase in cost of sales, mainly in costs of programs produced by us and an increase in operating expenses due to higher promotional and advertising expenses.
Programming Exports
Programming Exports net sales consist primarily of revenues from program license agreements and principally relate to our telenovelas and our variety programs. In 2006 and 2007, 67.0% and 68.1%, respectively, of net sales for this segment were attributable to programming licensed under our program license agreement with Univision. In 2006 and 2007, we received U.S.$126.9 million and U.S.$138.0 million, respectively, in program royalties from Univision, related to the Univision Network and Galavision Network. In 2003, Univision became bound to pay an additional 12% in royalties from the net time sales of the TeleFutura Network, subject to certain adjustments and credits, establishing a minimum annual royalty of U.S.$5.0 million in respect of TeleFutura for 2003, increasing by U.S.$2.5 million for each subsequent year up to U.S.$12.5 million. See “Information on the Company — Business Overview — Univision”. We also license programming to broadcasters in Latin America, the Middle East, Russia and other countries.
Programming Exports net sales, representing 5.4% and 5.3% of our total segment net sales for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2007, respectively, increased by Ps.71.8 million, or 3.3%, to Ps.2,262.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2007, from Ps.2,190.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2006. This increase was primarily due to higher royalties paid to us under the PLA entered into with Univision in the amount of U.S.$138.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2007 as compared to U.S.$126.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2006, as well as an increase in export sales to Europe, Asia and Africa. These increases were partially offset by lower export sales to Latin America and a negative translation effect on foreign-currency denominated sales.
Programming Exports operating segment income increased by Ps.130.0 million, or 14.4%, to Ps.1,032.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2007 from Ps.902.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2006. This increase was primarily due to the increase in net sales, as well as a decrease in cost of sales due to lower programming costs and operating expenses, primarily due to a decrease in the provision for doubtful trade accounts and market research.
Publishing
Publishing net sales are primarily derived from the sale of advertising pages in our various magazines, as well as magazine sales to distributors. Our Publishing segment sells advertising independently from our other media-related segments. Advertising rates are based on the publication and the assigned space of the advertisement.
Publishing net sales, representing 7.4% and 7.8% of our total segment net sales for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2007, respectively, increased by Ps.318.0 million, or 10.6%, to Ps.3,311.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2007 from Ps.2,993.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2006. This increase was driven by a greater number of advertising pages sold as well as higher revenues from magazine circulation in Mexico and abroad, including incremental revenues generated by the acquisition in the second half of 2007 of Editorial Atlántida, a publishing company in Argentina. This increase was partially offset by a negative translation effect on foreign-currency denominated sales.
Publishing operating segment income increased by Ps.47.7 million, or 8.3%, to Ps.624.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2007, from Ps.576.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2006. This increase reflects higher sales that were partially offset by higher cost of sales and operating expenses, due to the acquisition of Editorial Atlántida, as well as an increase in costs of supplies and personnel, promotional and advertising expenses.
Publishing Distribution
Publishing Distribution net sales are primarily derived from the distribution of magazines published by us, our joint ventures or independent publishers and pursuant to licenses and other arrangements with third parties.

 

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Of the total volume of magazines we distributed, approximately, 75.0% in 2006 and 70.7% in 2007 were published by our Publishing segment.
Publishing Distribution net sales, representing 1.1% of our total segment net sales for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2007, increased by Ps.29.4 million, or 6.5%, to Ps.479.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2007, from Ps.449.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2006. The increase was attributable to higher distribution in Mexico and abroad of magazines published by the Company, as well as an increase of distribution sales of magazines published by third parties and sold abroad. These increases were partially offset by the negative translation effect on foreign-currency denominated sales.
Publishing Distribution operating segment income increased by Ps.9.8 million, or 52.4%, to Ps.28.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2007 from Ps.18.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2006. These results reflect higher sales and lower operating expenses, driven by lower provision for doubtful trade accounts that were partially offset by an increase in cost of sales, primarily due to higher charges related to the distribution of magazines.
Sky
Sky net sales are primarily derived from program services, installation fees and equipment rental to subscribers, and national advertising sales.
Sky net sales representing 19.1% and 19.7% of our total segment net sales for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2007, respectively, increased by Ps.669.3 million or 8.7% to Ps.8,402.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2007, from Ps.7,732.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2006. This increase was primarily due to a 10.8% increase in its subscriber base, which as of December 31, 2007 reached 1,585,100 gross active subscribers (including 103,100 commercial subscribers) compared to 1,430,100 gross active subscribers as of December 31, 2006 of which 91,100 were commercial subscribers, as well as the launch of operations in Central America in 2007. This increase was partially offset by lower advertising revenues primarily due to the absence of Soccer World Cup advertising in 2006.
Sky operating segment income increased by Ps.348.8 million or 9.5% to Ps.4,037.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2007, from Ps.3,689.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2006. This increase was due to the increase in net sales and lower promotional expenses, partially offset by higher programming costs associated with the increase of our subscriber base.
Cable and Telecom
Cable and Telecom net sales are derived from Cable Television services and advertising sales. Net sales for Cable Television services generally consist of monthly subscription fees for basic and premium service packages, fees charged for pay-per-view programming and, to a significantly lesser extent, monthly rental and one-time installation fees, broadband internet and telephone services subscription (beginning in the third quarter of 2007). The telecommunications business derives revenues from providing data and long-distance services solutions to carriers and other telecommunications service providers through its fiber-optic network. Net sales for Cable Television advertising consist of revenues from the sale of advertising on Cablevisión. From July 2005 to October 2007, Maximedios Alternativos, S.A. de C.V. was Cablevisión’s sales agent for advertising time. See “Major Stockholders and Related Party Transactions — Related Party Transactions — Transactions and Arrangements With Affiliates and Related Parties of Our Directors, Officers and Major Stockholders”. Rates are based on the day and time the advertising is aired, as well as the type of programming in which the advertising is aired. Cable subscription and advertising rates are adjusted periodically in response to inflation and in accordance with market conditions.
Cable and Telecom net sales, representing 5.1% and 6.1% of our total segment net sales for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2007, respectively, increased by Ps.552.2 million, or 26.8%, to Ps.2,611.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2007 from Ps.2,059.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2006. This increase was primarily due to (i) a 10.8% increase in the number of video subscribers, which, as of December 31, 2007, reached 539,662 subscribers, compared with 486,825 subscribers reported as of December 31, 2006; (ii) the acquisition of the majority of the assets of Bestel, a telecommunication company, in December 2007; (iii) a 52% increase in broadband subscribers to 145,973 as of December 31, 2007 compared with 96,035 reported as of December 31, 2006; (iv) the addition of 9,015 telephony subscribers during the year; (v) a 3% average rate increase effective March 1, 2007; and (vi) higher advertising sales.
Cable and Telecom operating segment income increased by Ps.99.7 million, or 11.8%, to Ps.947.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2007, from Ps.847.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2006. These results reflect higher sales that were partially offset by an increase in cost of sales, primarily due to higher signal and personnel costs, and costs associated with the acquisition of the majority of the assets of Bestel as well as promotional and advertising expenses.

 

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Other Businesses
Other Businesses net sales are primarily derived from the promotion of sports and special events in Mexico, the distribution of feature films, revenues from our internet businesses, which includes revenues from advertisers for advertising space on Esmas.com, and revenues related to our PSMS messaging service, gaming (beginning in the second quarter of 2006), and radio.
Other Businesses net sales, representing 4.7% and 6.0% of our total segment net sales for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2007, respectively, increased by Ps.638.1 million, or 33.2%, to Ps.2,560.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2007, from Ps.1,922.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2006. This increase was primarily due to higher sales related to our gaming, feature-film distribution, and internet businesses. This increase was partially offset by lower sales in our radio and sport events production businesses in 2007, primarily due to political campaigns and the Soccer World Cup in 2006.
Other Businesses operating segment loss increased by Ps.41.1 million, or 18.3%, to Ps.266.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2007, from Ps.224.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2006. This increase reflects higher cost of sales and operating expenses related to our gaming and internet businesses, partially offset by higher total segment sales and lower costs in our radio and sport events production.
Depreciation and Amortization
Depreciation and amortization expense increased by Ps.443.3 million, or 15.9%, to Ps.3,223.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2007, from Ps.2,779.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2006. This change was due to higher depreciation expense for decoders in connection with the increase in the subscriber bases in our Sky and Cable and Telecom segments, installation of new digital decoder equipment, the depreciation expense derived of our telecommunication company, as well as an increase in depreciation expenses in our Other Businesses segment related to our gaming business.
Non-operating Results
Other Expense, Net
Other expense, net, increased by Ps.65.3 million, or 7.4%, to Ps.953.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2007, compared with Ps.888.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2006. This increase reflected primarily a loss on disposition of shares in connection with the sale of our interest in Univision during the first quarter of 2007, as well as an impairment adjustment to reduce the carrying value of goodwill in our Television Broadcasting segment, donations, and professional services in connection with certain litigation and other matters. See “Additional Information — Legal Proceedings”. These unfavorable variances were partially offset by income derived from the cancellation of an option to acquire an equity stake in the parent company of the controlling partners of La Sexta, and the absence of non-recurring expenses incurred in connection with the tender offer made by Sky in 2006 for most of its Senior Notes due 2013.
The impairment adjustment to goodwill in our Television Broadcasting segment relates to the operations of a U.S. television station, which was adversely affected in 2007 by a decrease in operational margins.
Integral Cost of Financing
Integral cost of financing significantly impacts our financial statements in periods of high inflation or currency fluctuations. Under Mexican FRS, integral cost of financing reflects:
   
interest expense, including the restatement of our UDI denominated notes in 2006;
   
interest income;
   
foreign exchange gain or loss attributable to monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies (including gains or losses from derivative instruments); and
   
gain or loss attributable to holding monetary assets and liabilities exposed to inflation.

 

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Our foreign exchange position is affected by our assets or liabilities denominated in foreign currencies. We record a foreign exchange gain or loss if the exchange rate of the Peso to the other currencies in which our monetary assets or liabilities are denominated varies.
The expenses attributable to the integral cost of financing decreased by Ps.730.8 million, or 64%, to Ps.410.2 million for the year ended December 31,2007 from Ps.1,141 million for the year ended December 31, 2006. This decrease reflected primarily a Ps.709.3 million increase in interest income primarily in connection with a higher average amount of temporary, held to-maturity and available-for-sale investments; and a favorable impact of Ps.413.6 million in net foreign exchange results, driven primarily by a higher average amount of our net foreign-currency asset position. These favorable variances were partially offset by a Ps.166.6 million increase in interest expense, due mainly to a higher average amount of our outstanding debt; and a Ps.225.5 million increase in loss from monetary position, resulting from a higher net monetary asset position.
Equity in Losses of Affiliates, Net
This line item reflects our equity participation in the operating results and net assets of unconsolidated businesses in which we maintain an interest, but over which we have no control. We recognized equity in losses of affiliates up to the amount of our initial investment and subsequent capital contributions, or beyond that amount when guaranteed commitments have been made by us in respect of obligations incurred by affiliates.
Equity in losses of affiliates, net, increased by Ps.124.5 million, or 19.9%, to Ps.749.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2007, compared with Ps.624.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2006. This increase reflected primarily the absence of equity in earnings of Univision, which we recognized through June 2006, a reduction of equity in earnings of OCEN, a live-entertainment venture in Mexico, and EMI Televisa Music, a music joint venture in the United States. These unfavorable variances were partially offset by a reduction in equity in loss of La Sexta, our 40% interest in a free-to-air television channel in Spain, which began operations in March 2006.
Income Taxes
Income taxes increased by Ps.1,257.1 million, or 60.1%, to Ps.3,349.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2007, from Ps.2,092.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2006. This increase reflected primarily a higher effective income tax rate.
We are authorized by the Mexican tax authorities to compute our income tax and asset tax on a consolidated basis. Mexican controlling companies are allowed to consolidate, for income tax purposes, income or losses of their Mexican subsidiaries up to 100% of their share ownership in such subsidiaries.
We and our Mexican subsidiaries were also subject to an asset tax, at a tax rate of 1.25% through December 31, 2007, on the adjusted gross value of some of our assets. The asset tax was computed on a fully consolidated basis. The Mexican corporate income tax rate in 2005, 2006 and 2007 was 30%, 29% and 28%, respectively. In accordance with the current Mexican Income Tax Law, the corporate income tax rate in the subsequent years will be 28%. On October 1, 2007, the Mexican government enacted the new Flat Rate Business Tax (“Impuesto Empresarial a Tasa Única” or “IETU”). This law became effective as of January 1, 2008. The law introduces a flat tax, which replaces Mexican asset tax and is applied along with Mexican regular income tax. In general, Mexican companies are subject to paying the greater of the flat tax or the income tax. The flat tax is calculated by applying a tax rate of 16.5% in 2008, 17% in 2009, and 17.5% in 2010 and the following years. Although the flat tax is defined as a minimum tax, it has a wider taxable base as some of the tax deductions allowed for income tax purposes are not allowed for the flat tax. The flat tax is calculated on a cash flow basis. As of December 31, 2007, this tax law change did not have an effect on the Company’s deferred tax position, and the Company does not expect to have a significant financial impact as a consequence of this new flat tax in the near future.
Minority Interest Net Income
Minority interest reflects that portion of operating results attributable to the interests held by third parties in the businesses which are not wholly-owned by us, including our Sky (since April 2004), Cable and Telecom, and Radio businesses.
Minority interest net income increased by Ps.325.5 million, or 53.3%, to Ps.935.9 million in 2007, from Ps.610.4 million in 2006. This increase reflected primarily a higher portion of consolidated net income attributable to interests held by minority equity owners in our Sky segment, which was partially offset by a lower portion of consolidated net income attributable to interests held by minority stockholders in our Cable and Telecom segment.

 

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Majority Interest Net Income
We generated majority interest net income in the amount of Ps.8,082.5 million in 2007, a decrease of 9.3% as compared to net income of Ps.8,908.9 million in 2006. The net decrease of Ps.826.4 million reflected:
   
a Ps.65.3 million increase in other expense, net;
   
a Ps.124.5 million increase in equity in earnings of affiliates, net;
   
a Ps.1,257.1 million increase in income taxes; and
   
a Ps.325.5 million increase in minority interest net income.
These changes were partially offset by:
   
a Ps.215.2 million increase in operating income; and
   
a Ps.730.8 million decrease in integral cost of financing, net.
Results of Operations for the Year Ended December 31, 2006
Compared to the Year Ended December 31, 2005
Total Segment Results
Net Sales
Our net sales increased by Ps.4,289.7 million, or 12.2%, to Ps.39,357.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2006 from Ps.35,068.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2005. This increase reflects a revenue growth in all of our business segments, partially offset by a decrease in our feature films distribution and internet businesses.
Cost of Sales
Cost of sales increased by Ps.863.8 million, or 5.4%, to Ps.16,791.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2006 from Ps.15,927.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2005. This increase was due to higher costs in the Television Broadcasting, Sky, Cable and Telecom, Publishing, Pay Television Networks, Publishing Distribution and Other Businesses segments. These increases were partially offset by lower cost of sales in our Programming Exports segment.
Selling Expenses
Selling expenses increased by Ps.252.5 million, or 8.8%, to Ps.3,130.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2006 from Ps.2,877.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2005. This increase was attributable to higher selling expenses in our Publishing, Television Broadcasting, Sky, Programming Exports, Cable and Telecom, Pay Television Networks and Other Businesses segments, as a result of increases in promotional and advertising expenses and commissions paid. These increases were partially offset by lower selling expenses in our Publishing Distribution segment.
Administrative Expenses
Administrative expenses increased by Ps.402.7 million, or 20.3%, to Ps.2,390.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2006, from Ps.1,988.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2005. This increase reflects the administrative expense growth in our Sky, Cable and Telecom, Television Broadcasting, Publishing, Publishing Distribution and Other Businesses segments, as well as the increase in corporate expenses due to the adoption of the guidelines of the International Financial Reporting Standard 2, “Share-based Payment”, at the end of 2005, for which we recognized in 2006 a share-based compensation expense of Ps.243.9 million. These increases were partially offset by lower administrative expenses in our Pay Television Networks and Programming Exports segments.

 

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Television Broadcasting
Television Broadcasting net sales increased by Ps.1,710.6 million, or 8.5%, to Ps.21,760.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2006 from Ps.20,049.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2005. This increase was attributable to the broadcast of the 2006 FIFA World Cup, political advertising related to the presidential election in Mexico and higher ratings in our telenovelas.
Television Broadcasting operating segment income increased by Ps.1,438.7 million, or 15.1%, to Ps.10,996.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2006 from Ps.9,557.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2005. This increase was due to the increase in net sales, partially offset by an increase in cost of sales due to the transmission rights of the 2006 FIFA World Cup and an increase in operating expenses driven by higher commissions paid and provision for doubtful trade accounts.
Pay Television Networks
Pay Television Networks net sales increased by Ps.179.3 million, or 14.9%, to Ps.1,379.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2006 from Ps.1,199.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2005. This increase reflects higher revenues from signals sold in Mexico and Latin America, higher sales of TuTv, and an increase in advertising sales in Mexico.
Pay Television Networks operating segment income increased by Ps.148.5 million, or 26.6%, to Ps.707.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2006, from Ps.559.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2005, primarily due to higher sales and a decrease in operating expenses, partially offset by an increase in cost of sales mainly by costs of programs produced by us and higher costs from transmission rights of programs produced by third parties.
Programming Exports
Programming Exports net sales increased by Ps.165.0 million, or 8.1%, to Ps.2,190.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2006, from Ps.2,025.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2005. This increase was primarily due to higher royalties paid to us under the PLA entered into with Univision in the amount of U.S.$126.9 million, for the year ended December 31, 2006, as compared to U.S.$109.8 million, for the year ended December 31, 2005, as well as an increase in export sales to Latin America and Europe. These increases were partially offset by lower export sales to Asia and Africa and a negative translation effect on foreign-currency denominated sales.
Programming Exports operating segment income increased by Ps.180.1 million, or 24.9%, to Ps.902.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2006 from Ps.721.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2005. This increase was primarily due to the increase in net sales, as well as a decrease in cost of sales primarily due to lower programming costs. This increase was partially offset by an increase in operating expenses primarily due to higher market research and advertising expenses.
Publishing
Publishing net sales increased by Ps.288.8 million, or 10.7%, to Ps.2,993.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2006 from Ps.2,705.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2005. This increase reflects sales of Editora Cinco (which we began to consolidate beginning January 2006) in the amount of Ps.134.2 million, and higher revenues from magazine circulation and advertising pages sold both in Mexico and abroad, partially offset by a negative translation effect on foreign-currency denominated sales.
Publishing operating segment income increased by Ps.58.3 million, or 11.3%, to Ps.576.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2006, from Ps.518.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2005. This increase primarily reflects the increase in net sales and was partially offset by increases in cost of sales and operating expenses due to the consolidation of Editora Cinco, as well as increases in costs of supplies, promotional and advertising expenses as well as higher personnel and distribution services costs resulting from an increase in subscriptions to our magazines.
Publishing Distribution
Publishing Distribution net sales increased by Ps.15.6 million, or 3.6%, to Ps.449.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2006, from Ps.434.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2005. This increase was primarily attributable to higher distribution sales abroad of magazines published by us and by third parties, and was partially offset by lower circulation in Mexico of magazines published by third parties and the negative translation effect of foreign-currency denominated sales.

 

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Publishing Distribution operating segment income increased by Ps.11.6 million, or 163.4%, to Ps.18.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2006 from Ps.7.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2005. This increase was attributable to the increase in net sales as well as a decrease in operating expenses, driven by lower provision for doubtful trade accounts; partially offset by higher cost of sales primarily due to higher charges related to the distribution of magazines.
Sky
Sky net sales, increased by Ps.1,269.6 million or 19.6% to Ps.7,732.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2006, from Ps.6,463.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2005. This increase was primarily due to a 14.4% increase in its subscriber base, which as of December 31, 2006 reached 1,430,100 gross active subscribers (including 91,100 commercial subscribers) compared to 1,250,600 gross active subscribers as of December 31, 2005 (of which 70,100 were commercial subscribers) and higher advertising revenues.
Sky operating segment income increased by Ps.971.9 million or 35.8% to Ps.3,689.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2006, from Ps.2,717.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2005. This increase was due to the increase in net sales, partially offset by higher programming and activation costs, associated with our larger subscriber base as well as an increase in operating expenses due to higher promotion and personnel expenses.
Cable and Telecom
Cable and Telecom net sales increased by Ps.542.3 million, or 35.7%, to Ps.2,059.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2006 from Ps.1,517.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2005. This increase was primarily due to a 17.5% increase in the number of video subscribers, which, as of December 31, 2006, reached 486,825 subscribers compared with 414,450 subscribers reported as of December 31, 2005. We also had a 57.5% increase in our broadband subscriber base to 96,035 at December 31, 2006, compared with 60,986 at December 31, 2005, and a 6% rate increase in Cablevisión video service packages effective March 1, 2006.
Cable and Telecom operating segment income increased by Ps.318.9 million, or 60.3%, to Ps.847.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2006, from Ps.528.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2005. This increase primarily reflects the increase in net sales, partially offset by an increase in cost of sales due to higher signal costs associated with the subscriber base growth, and an increase in operating expenses primarily in personnel costs as well as maintenance and advertising expenses.
Other Businesses
Other Businesses net sales increased by Ps.120.4 million, or 6.7%, to Ps.1,922.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2006, from Ps.1,801.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2005. This increase was primarily due to higher sales related to our radio, due to the broadcast of the 2006 FIFA World Cup and political advertising, sport events productions and our gaming business. This increase was partially offset by lower sales in our feature films distribution business as well as in our internet business due to lower sales related to our SMS messaging service.
Other Businesses operating segment loss increased by Ps.86.5 million, or 62.5%, to Ps.224.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2006, from Ps.138.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2005. This increase reflects an increase in cost of sales and operating expenses related to our gaming business, partially offset by the increase in net sales in our radio business and lower cost of sales in our feature films distribution and internet businesses.
Depreciation and Amortization
Depreciation and amortization expense increased by Ps.168.2 million, or 6.4%, to Ps.2,779.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2006, from Ps.2,611.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2005. This change was due to higher depreciation expense for decoders in connection with the increase in the subscriber bases in our Sky and Cable and Telecom segments, installation of new digital decoder equipment, as well as an increase in depreciation expenses in our Other Businesses segment related to our new gaming business.

 

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Non-Operating Results
Other Expense, Net
Other expense, net, increased by Ps.117.2 million, or 15.2%, to Ps.888.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2006, compared with Ps.770.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2005. This increase reflected primarily the recognition of certain non-recurring expenses incurred in connection with the tender offer made by Sky in the second quarter of 2006 for most of its Senior Notes due 2013 and an increase in advisory and professional services. This increase was partially offset by the absence of loss on disposition of both investments and fixed assets in 2006. In 2006, other expense, net, primarily included expenses of debt placement, donations and advisory and professional services.
Integral Cost of Financing
The expense attributable to the integral cost of financing decreased by Ps.782.9 million, or 40.7%, to Ps.1,141.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2006 from Ps.1,923.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2005. This decrease reflected primarily a Ps.587.8 million decrease in net foreign-exchange loss resulting primarily from the difference between the spot rate and the foreign-exchange rate of the cross-currency interest rate swap agreements, or coupon swaps, we entered into; 1.66% depreciation of the Mexican Peso against the U.S. Dollar in 2006 compared with a 4.69% appreciation of the Mexican Peso against the U.S. Dollar in 2005; a Ps.294.1 million decrease in interest expense, primarily due to both a lower average amount of outstanding debt and a reduction in the weighted-average interest rate; and a Ps.129.0 million increase in interest income primarily in connection with a higher average amount of temporary investments.
These favorable variances were partially offset by a Ps.228.0 million increase in loss from monetary position resulting primarily from a higher net monetary asset position, and a higher annual inflation rate in 2006 (4.05%) compared with 2005 (3.3%).
Equity in Results of Affiliates, Net
Equity in results of affiliates, net, decreased by Ps.797.7 million to an equity in losses of affiliates of Ps.624.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2006, compared with an equity in earnings of affiliates of Ps.172.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2005. This decrease reflected primarily an equity in loss of La Sexta, our 40% interest in a free-to-air television channel in Spain, which began operations in March 2006. In addition, beginning July 1, 2006, we reclassified our investment in Univision as a current available-for-sale financial asset. Therefore, this line item does not reflect any results from our investment in Univision since that date.
Income Taxes
Income taxes increased by Ps.1,281.4 million, to Ps.2,092.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2006, from Ps.811.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2005. This increase reflected both a higher income tax base and a higher effective income tax rate. We are authorized by the Mexican tax authorities to compute our income tax and asset tax on a consolidated basis. Mexican controlling companies are allowed to consolidate, for income tax purposes, income or losses of their Mexican subsidiaries up to 100% of their share ownership in such subsidiaries (through December 31, 2004, such percentage was 60%).
We and our Mexican subsidiaries were also subject to an asset tax, at a tax rate of 1.8% through December 31, 2006, on the adjusted book value of some of our assets. The asset tax is computed on a fully consolidated basis. As of January 1, 2007, the rate was lowered to 1.25% and the asset base to which the rate is applied increased. The rate has now been applied to gross assets versus an adjusted book value of assets.
Cumulative Loss of Accounting Change, Net
In 2005, the cumulative loss of accounting change of Ps.546.4 million, reflected (i) the cumulative loss effect of Ps.349.4 million, in connection with the initial accrual of share-based compensation expense for benefits granted to executives and employees under the terms of our Stock Purchase Plan and Long-term Retention Plan, in accordance with the guidelines of IFRS 2, “Share-based Payment”, issued by the International Accounting Standards Board; and (ii) the cumulative loss effect of Ps.197.0 million, net of income taxes, in connection with the initial accrual of certain severance payments, in accordance with the guidelines of revised Bulletin D-3, “Labor Obligations”, issued by the MIPA.

 

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Minority Interest Net Income
Minority interest in consolidated net income decreased by Ps.560.0 million, or 47.9%, to Ps.610.4 million for the year ended December 31, in 2006, from Ps.1,170.4 million from the year ended December 31, 2005. This decrease reflected primarily a lower portion of net income attributable to the interest held by minority equity owners in the Sky business.
Majority Interest Net Income
We generated majority interest net income in the amount of Ps.8,908.9 million in 2006, an increase of 34.7% as compared to net income of Ps.6,613.4 million in 2005. The net increase of Ps.2,295.5 million reflected:
   
a Ps.2,602.5 million increase in operating income;
   
a Ps.782.9 million decrease in integral cost of financing, net;
   
a Ps.546.4 million decrease in cumulative loss of accounting change; and
   
a Ps.560.0 million decrease in minority interest.
These changes were partially offset by:
   
a Ps.117.2 million increase in other expense, net;
   
a Ps.1,281.4 million increase in income taxes; and
   
a Ps.797.7 million decrease in equity in results of affiliates, net.
Effects of Devaluation and Inflation
The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated:
   
the percentage that the Peso devalued or appreciated against the U.S. Dollar;
   
the Mexican inflation rate;
   
the U.S. inflation rate; and
   
the percentage change in Mexican GDP compared to the prior period.
                         
    Year Ended  
    December 31,  
    2005     2006     2007  
Devaluation (appreciation) of the Peso as compared to the U.S. Dollar(1)
    (4.7 )%     1.7 %     1.1 %
Mexican inflation rate(2)
    3.3       4.1       3.8  
U.S. inflation rate
    3.4       2.5       4.1  
Increase in Mexican GDP(3)
    3.1       4.9       3.2  
 
     
(1)  
Based on changes in the Interbank Rates, as reported by Banamex, at the end of each period, which were as follows: Ps.10.6265 per U.S. Dollar as of December 31, 2005; Ps.10.8025 per U.S. Dollar as of December 31, 2006; and Ps.10.9222 per U.S. Dollar as of December 31, 2007.
 
(2)  
Based on changes in the NCPI from the previous period, as reported by the Mexican Central Bank, which were as follows: 116.3 in 2005; 121.0 in 2006; and 125.6 in 2007.
 
(3)  
As reported by the Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática, or INEGI, and, in the case of GDP information for 2007, as estimated by INEGI.

 

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The general condition of the Mexican economy, the devaluation of the Peso as compared to the U.S. Dollar, inflation and high interest rates have in the past adversely affected, and may in the future adversely affect, our:
   
Advertising and Other Revenues. Inflation in Mexico adversely affects consumers. As a result, our advertising customers may purchase less advertising, which would reduce our advertising revenues, and consumers may reduce expenditures for our other products and services, including pay television services.
   
U.S. Dollar-denominated Revenues and Operating Costs and Expenses. We have substantial operating costs and expenses denominated in U.S. Dollars. These costs are principally due to our activities in the United States, the costs of foreign-produced programming and publishing supplies and the leasing of satellite transponders. The following table sets forth our U.S. Dollar-denominated revenues and operating costs and expenses for 2005, 2006 and 2007:
                         
    Year Ended December 31,  
    2005     2006     2007  
    (Millions of U.S. Dollars)  
Revenues
    U.S.$385       U.S.$470       U.S.$570  
Operating costs and expenses
    393       529       615  
On a consolidated basis, in 2005, 2006 and 2007, our U.S. Dollar-denominated costs and expenses exceeded, and they could continue to exceed in the future, our U.S. Dollar-denominated revenues. As a result we will continue to remain vulnerable to future devaluation of the Peso, which would increase the Peso equivalent of our U.S. Dollar-denominated costs and expenses.
   
Depreciation and Amortization Expense. Prior to January 1, 2008, we restated our non-monetary Mexican and foreign assets to give effect to inflation. The restatement of these assets in periods of high inflation, as well as the devaluation of the Peso as compared to the U.S. Dollar, increased the carrying value of these assets, which in turn increased the related depreciation expense.
   
Integral Cost of Financing. The devaluation of the Peso as compared to the U.S. Dollar generated foreign exchange losses relating to our net U.S. Dollar-denominated liabilities and increases the Peso equivalent of our interest expense on our U.S. Dollar-denominated indebtedness. Foreign exchanges losses, derivatives used to hedge foreign exchange risk and increased interest expense increased our integral cost of financing.
We have also entered into and will continue to consider entering into additional financial instruments to hedge against Peso devaluations and reduce our overall exposure to the devaluation of the Peso as compared to the U.S. Dollar, inflation and high interest rates. We cannot assure you that we will be able to enter into financial instruments to protect ourselves from the effects of the devaluation of the Peso as compared to the U.S. Dollar, inflation and increases in interest rates, or if so, on favorable terms. In the past we have designated, and from time to time in the future we may designate, certain of our investments or other assets as effective hedges against Peso devaluations. In connection with our net investment in shares of Univision, we designated as an effective hedge of foreign exchange exposure a portion of the U.S. Dollar principal amount with respect to our outstanding Senior Notes due 2011, 2025 and 2032, which amounted to U.S.$971.9 million as of December 31, 2006 (see Notes 1(c), 2 and 9 to our year-end financial statements). As long as we maintained our net investment in shares of Univision, a hedge of the designated principal amounts of our debt was effective, and any foreign exchange gain or loss attributable to this hedging long-term debt was credited or charged directly to equity (accumulated other comprehensive result) for Mexican FRS purposes. On March 29, 2007, we sold our investment in shares of Univision, and the hedge of the designated principal amount of our Senior Notes was discontinued on that date. See “Key Information — Risk Factors — Risk Factors Related to Mexico”, “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk — Market Risk Disclosures” and Note 9 to our year-end financial statements.
Inflation Under Mexican FRS. Mexican FRS requires that our financial statements recognize the effects of inflation. In particular, our financial statements reflect the:
   
restatement of Mexican non-monetary assets (other than transmission rights, inventories and equipment of non-Mexican origin), non-monetary liabilities and stockholders’ equity using the NCPI; and
   
restatement of all inventories at net replacement cost.

 

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U.S. GAAP Reconciliation
For a discussion of the principal quantitative and disclosure differences between Mexican FRS and U.S. GAAP as they relate to us through December 31, 2007, see Note 23 to our year-end financial statements.
Recently Issued U.S. Accounting Standards
SFAS No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements,” was issued in September 2006. This Statement defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in U.S. GAAP, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. This Statement applies under other accounting pronouncements that require or permit fair value measurements, the Board having previously concluded in those accounting pronouncements that fair value is the relevant measurement attribute. Accordingly, this Statement does not require any new fair value measurements. However, for some entities, the application of this Statement will change current practice. The definition of fair value retains the exchange price notion in earlier definitions of fair value. This Statement clarifies that the exchange price is the price in an orderly transaction between market participants to sell the asset or transfer the liability in the market in which the reporting entity would transact for the asset or liability, that is, the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability. The transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability is a hypothetical transaction at the measurement date, considered from the perspective of a market participant that holds the asset or owes the liability. Therefore, the definition focuses on the price that would be received to sell the asset or paid to transfer the liability (an exit price), not the price that would be paid to acquire the asset or received to assume the liability (an entry price). This Statement also emphasizes that fair value is a market-based measurement, not an entity-specific measurement. This Statement shall be effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007. Earlier application is encouraged. FASB Staff Position 157-2 delays the effective date of SFAS No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements,” for non-financial assets and non-financial liabilities, except for items that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis (at least annually). This FSP defers the effective date of SFAS No. 157 for the above types of items to fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2008, and interim periods within those fiscal years. We are currently evaluating the impact, if any, the adoption of SFAS No. 157 will have on our financial position, results of operations and disclosures.
In February 2007, the FASB published SFAS No. 159, “The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities.” This statement permits entities to choose to measure many financial instruments and certain other items at fair value that are not currently required to be measured at fair value. The objective is to improve financial reporting by providing entities with the opportunity to mitigate volatility in reported earnings caused by measuring related assets and liabilities differently without having to apply complex hedge accounting provisions. This statement also establishes presentation and disclosure requirements designed to facilitate comparisons between entities that choose different measurement attributes for similar types of assets and liabilities. This statement does not affect any existing accounting literature that requires certain assets and liabilities to be carried at fair value. This statement does not establish requirements for recognizing and measuring dividend income, interest income, or interest expense. This statement does not eliminate disclosure requirements included in other accounting standards, including requirements for disclosures about fair value measurements included in SFAS No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements,” and SFAS No. 107, “Disclosures about Fair Value of Financial Instruments.” SFAS No. 159 will be effective for all fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007. We are currently evaluating the impact this statement will have on our financial position, results of operations and disclosures, should we elect to measure certain financial instruments at fair value.
In December 2007, the FASB published SFAS No. 141(R), which replaces SFAS No. 141, “Business Combinations.” This statement improves the reporting of information about a business combination and its effects. This statement establishes principles and requirements for how the acquirer will recognize and measure the identifiable assets acquired, the liabilities assumed, and any non-controlling interest in the acquisition. Also, the statement determines the recognition and measurement of goodwill acquired in the business combination or a gain from a bargain purchase, and finally, sets forth the disclosure requirements to enable users of the financial statements to evaluate the nature and financial effects of the business combination. SFAS No 141(R) will be effective for all business combinations with an acquisition date on or after the beginning of the first annual reporting period after December 15, 2008, and earlier adoption is prohibited. We will adopt this pronouncement on January 1, 2009.
In December 2007, the FASB published SFAS No. 160 on “Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements — an amendment of ARB No. 51.” This statement addresses the reporting of minority interests in the results of the parent and provides guidance for the recording of such interests in the financial statements. It also provides guidance for the recording of various transactions related to the minority interests, as well as certain disclosure requirements. SFAS No. 160 will be effective for fiscal years and interim periods after December 15, 2008, and earlier adoption is prohibited. The presentation and disclosure requirements of SFAS No. 160 must be applied retrospectively for all periods presented. We will adopt this pronouncement on January 1, 2009. We are currently evaluating the impact this statement will have on our financial position, results of operations and disclosures.

 

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On March 19, 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 161, “Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities, an amendment of FASB Statement No. 133.” This new standard requires enhanced disclosures for derivative instruments, including those used in hedging activities. It is effective for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after November 15, 2008, with early adoption encouraged. The adoption of SFAS No. 161 is not expected to have a material impact on our results of operations and financial condition.
In May 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 162, “The Hierarchy of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles,” which identifies the sources of accounting principles and the framework for selecting principles to be used in the preparation of financial statements of nongovernmental entities that are presented in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) in the United States. This Statement shall be effective 60 days following the SEC’s approval of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (“PCAOB”) amendments to AU Section 411, “The Meaning of Present Fairly in Conformity with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles.” Any effect of applying the provisions of this Statement shall be reported as a change in accounting principles in accordance with SFAS No. 154, “Accounting Changes and Error Corrections.” An entity shall follow the disclosure requirements of that Statement, and additionally, disclose the accounting principles that were used before and after the application of the provisions of this Statement and the reason why applying this Statement resulted in a change in accounting principles. The adoption of SFAS No. 162 is not expected to have a material impact on the results of operations and financial condition.
Recently Issued Mexican Financial Reporting Standards
Beginning in June 2004, the Mexican Board for Research and Development of Financial Reporting Standards, or Consejo Mexicano para la Investigación y Desarrollo de Normas de Información Financiera, or CINIF, assumed the responsibility for setting Financial Reporting Standards in Mexico, or Mexican FRS. Before that date, the MIPA was responsible for issuing accounting principles generally accepted in Mexico. Mexican FRS are comprised of: (i) Financial Reporting Standards, or Normas de Información Financiera, or NIF, and NIF Interpretations, or Interpretaciones a las NIF, or INIF, issued by the CINIF; (ii) Bulletins of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in Mexico, or Mexican GAAP, issued through May 2004 by the MIPA that have not been modified, replaced or superseded by new NIF; and (iii) International Financial Reporting Standards, or IFRS, issued by the International Accounting Standards Board, or IASB, that are supplementary in Mexico when no general or specific guidance is provided by either NIF or applicable Bulletins of Mexican GAAP.
In August 2007, the CINIF issued three new standards that became effective as of January 1, 2008, as follows:
NIF B-10, Effects of Inflation, establishes standards for recognizing the effects of inflation in an entity’s financial statements as measured by changes in a general price index only and does not provide standards for valuation of any assets or liabilities. NIF B-10 provides criteria for identifying both inflationary and non-inflationary environments, and provides guidelines to cease or start recognizing the effects of inflation in financial statements when the general price index applicable to a specific entity is up to or above 26% in a cumulative three-year period. NIF B-10 includes an option for the accounting treatment of the result from holding non-monetary assets recognized by an entity as accumulated other comprehensive income or loss under previous guidelines by either recycling this result from stockholders’ equity to income as it is realized, or reclassifying the outstanding balance of such result to retained earnings in the period in which this standard becomes effective. Additionally, restatement of financial statements for earlier periods presented is not required by NIF B-10. Since the cumulative inflation in Mexico measured by the NCPI in the three-year period ended December 31, 2007 was below 26%, the Mexican companies in Televisa ceased recognizing the effects of inflation in financial statements beginning January 1, 2008. In addition, effective January 1, 2008, Televisa classified in retained earnings the outstanding balances of cumulative loss from holding non-monetary assets and accumulated monetary loss in the aggregate amount of approximately Ps.2,672.5 million, in accordance with the guidelines provided by NIF B-10.
NIF D-3, Benefits to Employees, replaces the previous Mexican GAAP Bulletin D-3, Labor Obligations, and provides standards for recognizing those benefits granted by an entity to its employees, including direct, termination and retirement benefits, as well as other related provisions. NIF D-3 requires shorter amortization periods for items subject to be amortized, including an option to recognize any actual gain or loss in income, and does not require the recognition of a transition asset or liability other than benefits granted in a plan amendment (prior service cost). NIF D-3 eliminates the recognition of an additional liability determined on the actual computation of retirement benefits without consideration of salary increases; consequently, a related intangible asset and an eventual stockholders’ equity adjustment derived from the recognition of this additional liability, are no longer required by this new standard. NIF D-3 also requires the recognition of any termination benefit costs directly in income as a provision, with no deferral of any unrecognized prior service cost or related actual gain or loss. Additionally, NIF D-3 recognizes the employees’ profit sharing required to be paid under certain circumstances in Mexico, as a direct benefit to employees. The provisions of NIF D-3 are not expected to have a significant effect on our consolidated financial statements.

 

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NIF D-4, Income Taxes, replaces the previous Mexican GAAP Bulletin D-4, Accounting for Income Tax, Asset Tax and Employees’ Profit Sharing, and provides additional guidance for valuation, presentation and disclosure of both current and deferred income taxes accrued for a period. NIF D-4 eliminates from its scope the accounting for employees’ profit sharing, since this line item is deemed an ordinary expense associated with benefits to employees, and therefore under the scope of NIF D-3. NIF D-4 also recognizes the Mexican asset tax paid as a tax credit to the extent of its expected recovery. In addition, NIF D-4 requires the reclassification to retained earnings of any outstanding cumulative effect of deferred income taxes recognized in stockholders’ equity, in the period in which this standard becomes effective. The provisions of NIF D-4 are not expected to have a significant effect on Televisa’s consolidated financial statements. In accordance with the guidelines provided by NIF D-4, effective January 1, 2008, Televisa classified in retained earnings the outstanding balance of cumulative loss effect of deferred income taxes in the amount of approximately Ps.3,224.4 million.
In November 2007, the CINIF issued two standards that became effective as of January 1, 2008, as follows:
NIF B-2, Statement of Cash Flows, requires a statement of cash flows as part of a full set of financial statements in place of a statement of changes in financial position. The statement of cash flows classifies cash receipts and payments according to whether they stem from operating, investing, or financing activities and provides a definition of each category. Cash flows from operating activities can be reported by directly showing major classes of operating cash receipts and payments (the direct method), or by reporting the same amount of net cash flow from operating activities indirectly by adjusting net income to reconcile it to net cash flow from operating activities (the indirect method) by removing the effects of (a) all deferrals of past operating cash receipts and accruals of expected future operating cash receipts and payments and (b) all items that are included in net income that do not affect operating cash receipts and payments. NIF B-2 also requires that a statement of cash flows report the reporting currency equivalent of foreign currency cash flows, using the current exchange rate at the time of the cash flows. The effect of exchange rate changes on cash held in foreign currencies is reported as a separate item in the reconciliation of beginning and ending balances of cash and cash equivalents. Restatement of financial statements for years provided before 2008 is not required by NIF B-2.
NIF B-15, Translation of Foreign Currencies, replaces the previous Mexican GAAP Bulletin B-15, Foreign Currency Transactions and Translation of Financial Statements of Foreign Operations, and introduces the concepts of accounting currency, functional currency and reporting currency. NIF B-15 sets forth procedures for translating financial statements from the accounting currency of a foreign operation into the applicable functional currency, and from the functional currency of a foreign operation into the required reporting currency. NIF B-15 also permits that an entity may present its financial statements in a reporting currency other than its functional currency. Restatement of financial statements for years provided before 2008 is not required by NIF B-15. The provisions of NIF B-15 are not expected to have a significant effect on our consolidated financial statements.
In December 2007, the CINIF issued the INIF 8, Effects of the Flat Rate Business Tax. This interpretation became effective in October 2007, and requires a company to evaluate the effects of the new Flat Rate Business Tax that became effective in Mexico beginning in January 2008, on its deferred income tax asset or liability position for the fourth quarter of 2007, based on projected results of operations for periods beginning in 2008. The provisions of INIF 8 did not have a significant effect on our consolidated financial statements.
Critical Accounting Policies
We have identified certain key accounting policies upon which our consolidated financial condition and results of operations are dependent. The application of these key accounting policies often involve complex considerations and assumptions and the making of subjective judgments or decisions on the part of our management. In the opinion of our management, our most critical accounting policies under both Mexican FRS and U.S. GAAP are those related to the accounting for programming, equity investments, the evaluation of definite lived and indefinite lived long-lived assets, and deferred income taxes. For a full description of these and other accounting policies, see Note 1 and Note 23 to our year-end financial statements.`
Accounting for Programming. We produce a significant portion of programming for initial broadcast over our television networks in Mexico, our primary market. Following the initial broadcast of this programming, we then license some of this programming for broadcast in secondary markets, such as the United States, Latin America (including Mexico), Asia and Europe. Under Mexican FRS, in order to properly capitalize and subsequently amortize production costs related to this programming, we must estimate the expected future benefit period over which a given program will generate revenues (generally, over a five-year period). We then capitalize the production costs related to a given program over the expected future benefit period. Under this policy, we generally expense approximately 70% of the production costs related to a given program in the year of its initial broadcast and defer and expense the remaining production costs over the remainder of the expected future benefit period. See Note 1(e) to our year-end financial statements.

 

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We estimate expected future benefit periods based on past historical revenue patterns for similar types of programming and any potential future events, such as new outlets through which we can exploit or distribute our programming, including our consolidated subsidiaries and equity investees, among other outlets. To the extent that a given future expected benefit period is shorter than we estimate, we may have to write-off capitalized production costs sooner than anticipated. Conversely, to the extent that a given future expected benefit period is longer than we estimate, we may have to extend the amortization schedule for the remaining capitalized production costs.
We also purchase programming from, and enter into license arrangements with, various third party programming producers and providers, pursuant to which we receive the rights to broadcast programming produced by third parties over our television networks in Mexico and/or our pay television and other media outlets. In the case of programming acquired from third parties, we estimate the expected future benefit period based on the anticipated number of showings in Mexico over our television networks and/or our pay television and other media outlets. In the case of programming licensed from third parties, we estimate the expected future benefit period based upon the term of the license. To the extent that a given future expected benefit period is shorter than we estimate, we may have to write off the purchase price or the license fee sooner than anticipated. Conversely, to the extent that a given future expected benefit period is longer than we estimate, we may have to extend the amortization schedule for the remaining portion of the purchase price or the license fee.
Equity Investments.  Some of our investments are structured as equity investments. See Notes 1(g) and 2 to our year-end financial statements. As a result, under both Mexican FRS and U.S. GAAP, the results of operations attributable to these investments are not consolidated with the results of our various segments for financial reporting purposes, but are reported as equity in income (losses) of affiliates in our consolidated income statement. See Note 5 to our year-end financial statements.
In the past we have made significant capital contributions and loans to our joint ventures, and we, in the future, may make additional capital contributions and loans to at least some of our joint ventures. In the past, these ventures have generated, and they may continue to generate operating losses and negative cash flows as they continue to build and expand their respective businesses.
We periodically evaluate our investments in these joint ventures for impairment, taking into consideration the performance of these ventures as compared to projections related to net sales, expenditures and subscriber growth, strategic plans and future required cash contributions, among other factors. In doing so, we evaluate whether any declines in value are other than temporary. We have taken impairment charges in the past for some of these investments. Given the dynamic environments in which these businesses operate, as well as changing macroeconomic conditions, we cannot assure you that our future evaluations would not result in our recognizing additional impairment charges for these investments.
Once the carrying balance of a given investment is reduced to zero, we evaluate whether we should suspend the equity method of accounting, taking into consideration both quantitative and qualitative factors, such as guarantees we have provided to these ventures, future funding commitments and expectations as to the viability of the business. These conditions may change from year to year, and accordingly, we periodically evaluate whether to continue to account for our various investments under the equity method.
Goodwill and Other Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets.  Under Mexican FRS, we ceased amortizing our goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets, beginning January 1, 2004 and 2003, respectively. We assess our goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment using fair value measurement techniques under Mexican FRS, which is similar to U.S. GAAP in this regard. However, Mexican FRS does not require a two-step impairment evaluation process for goodwill but rather, a direct comparison of fair value to carrying value.
The identification and measurement of impairment to goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite lives involves the estimation of fair values. These estimates and assumptions could have a significant impact on whether or not an impairment charge is recognized and also the magnitude of any such charge. We perform valuation analyses with the assistance of third parties and consider relevant internal data, as well as other market information, which is publicly available. Estimates of fair value are primarily determined using discounted cash flows and market comparisons. These approaches use significant estimates and assumptions including projected future cash flows (including timing), discount rate reflecting the risk inherent in future cash flows, perpetual growth rate, determination of appropriate market comparables and the determination of whether a premium or discount should be applied to comparables. Inherent in these estimates and assumptions is a certain level of risk, which we believe we have considered in our valuations. Nevertheless, if future actual results differ from estimates, a possible impairment charge may be recognized in future periods related to the write-down of the carrying value of goodwill and other intangibles in addition to the amounts recognized previously.

 

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Long-lived Assets.  Under both Mexican FRS and U.S. GAAP, we present certain long-lived assets and capitalized costs other than goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets in our consolidated balance sheet. Long-lived assets are tested for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset is no longer recoverable from future discounted projected cash flows. Estimates of future cash flows involve considerable management judgment. These estimates are based on historical data, future revenue growth, anticipated market conditions, management plans, assumptions regarding projected rates of inflation and currency fluctuations, among other factors. If these assumptions are not correct, we would have to recognize a write-off or write-down or accelerate the amortization schedule related to the carrying value of these assets. See Notes 1(j), 7 and 17 to our year-end financial statements. Unlike U.S. GAAP, Mexican FRS allows the reversal in subsequent periods of previously taken impairment charges.
Deferred Income Taxes.  Under both Mexican FRS and U.S. GAAP, we record a valuation allowance to reduce our deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized. While we have considered future taxable income and ongoing prudent and feasible tax planning strategies in assessing the need for the valuation allowance, in the event we were to determine that we would be able to realize our deferred tax assets in the future in excess of the net recorded amount, an adjustment to the deferred tax asset would increase income in the period such determination was made. Should we determine that we would not be able to realize all or part of our net deferred tax asset in the future, an adjustment to the deferred tax asset would be charged to income in the period such determination was made.
We adopted Interpretation No. 48 “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes” (“FIN 48”) under the U.S. GAAP Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued in July 2006, which interprets FASB Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 109, effective as of January 1, 2007. FIN 48 prescribes a comprehensive model for the recognition, measurement, financial statement presentation and disclosure of uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. FIN 48 provides guidance on derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure and transition. We classify income tax-related interest and penalties as income taxes in the financial statements. The adoption of this pronouncement had no effect on our overall financial position or results of operations.
Liquidity, Foreign Exchange and Capital Resources
Liquidity.  We generally rely on a combination of operating revenues, borrowings and net proceeds from dispositions to fund our working capital needs, capital expenditures, acquisitions and investments. Historically, we have received, and continue to receive, most of our advertising revenues in the form of upfront advertising deposits in the fourth quarter of a given year, which we in turn used, and continue to use, to fund our cash requirements during the rest of the quarter in which the deposits were received and for the first nine months of the following year. As of December 31, 2007, December 31, 2006, and December 31, 2005, we had received Ps.16,085.0 million (nominal), Ps.15,946.0 million (nominal) and Ps.14,232.7 million (nominal), respectively, of advertising deposits for television advertising during 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively, representing U.S.$1.5 billion, U.S.$1.5 billion, and U.S.$1.3 billion, respectively, at the applicable year-end exchange rates. The deposits as of December 31, 2007, represented a 0.9% (nominal) increase, or 3.2% decrease in real terms, as compared to year-end 2006, and deposits as of December 31, 2006 represented a 12% (nominal) increase, or 8.3% in real terms, as compared to year-end 2005. Approximately 67.9%, 61.9% and 57.5% of the advanced payment deposits as of each of December 31, 2007, December 31, 2006, and December 31, 2005, respectively, were in the form of short-term, non-interest bearing notes, with the remainder in each of those years consisting of cash deposits. The weighted average maturity of these notes at December 31, 2007 and December 31, 2006, was 3.6 months and at December 31, 2005, was 3.1 months.
We expect to fund our operating cash needs during 2008, other than cash needs in connection with any potential investments and acquisitions, through a combination of financing, cash from operations and cash on hand. We intend to finance our potential investments or acquisitions in 2008 through available cash from operations, cash on hand and/or borrowings. The amount of borrowings required to fund these cash needs in 2008 will depend upon the timing of cash payments from advertisers under our advertising sales plan.
Net income adjusted for non-cash items.  Non-cash items represent primarily depreciation and amortization, deferred income taxes, stock-based compensation and equity in results of affiliates, exclusive of changes in working capital. The Peso amounts in this section are expressed in millions of Pesos in purchasing power as of December 31, 2007.
In 2007, we generated positive net income adjusted for non-cash items of Ps.13,839.5 million, as compared to a positive net income adjusted for non-cash items of Ps.14,617.8 million during 2006. This change was due primarily to a Ps.2,907.8 million increase in income and asset taxes. This decrease in our net income adjusted for non-cash items was partially offset by:
   
a Ps.555.1 million increase in operating income;
   
a Ps.729.2 million decrease in integral cost of financing, which was due primarily to an increase in interest income and in foreign exchange gain; and
   
a Ps.845.2 million decrease in other expense, net.

 

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In 2006, we generated positive net income adjusted for non-cash items of Ps.14,617.8 million, as compared to a positive net income adjusted for non-cash items of Ps.10,208.6 million during 2005. This change was due primarily to the following:
   
a Ps.3,014.5 million increase in operating income;
   
a Ps.861.7 million decrease in income and asset taxes; and
   
a Ps.780.9 million decrease in integral cost of financing, which was due primarily to a decrease in foreign exchange loss and interest expense.
The increases in our net income adjusted for non-cash items were partially offset by a Ps.247.9 million increase in other expense, net.
In 2005, we generated positive net income adjusted for non-cash items of Ps.10,208.6 million, as compared to a positive net income adjusted for non-cash items of Ps.8,966.3 million during 2004. This change was due primarily to the following:
   
a Ps.2,412.6 million increase in operating income; and
   
a Ps.96.6 million decrease in other expense, net.
The increases in our net income adjusted for non-cash items were partially offset by:
   
a Ps.1,050.9 million increase in income and asset taxes; and
   
a Ps.216.0 million increase in integral cost of financing, which was due primarily to an increase in foreign exchange loss.
Capital Expenditures, Acquisitions and Investments, Distributions and Other Sources of Liquidity.
During 2008, we expect to:
   
make aggregate expenditures for property, plant and equipment of approximately U.S.$360.0 million, which amount includes capital expenditures in the amount of approximately U.S.$85.0 million, U.S.$120.0 million and U.S.$50.0 million for the expansion and improvements of our Cable and Telecom, Sky and gaming segments, respectively;
   
make investments related to our 40% interest in La Sexta for an aggregate amount of €44.4 million (U.S.$64.8 million);
   
make an additional investment of U.S.$100.0 million in Alvafig to increase its interest in the capital stock of Cablemás; and
   
make additional capital contributions in Volaris, our 25% interest in a low-cost carrier airline in Mexico for up to U.S.$12.0 million.
During 2007, we:
   
made aggregate capital expenditures totaling U.S.$355.1 million, including U.S.$78.7 million for our Cable and Telecom segment, U.S.$122.3 million for Sky, U.S.$41.4 million for gaming, and U.S.$112.7 million in our Television Broadcasting and Other Business segments;
   
made investments related to our 40% interest in La Sexta for an aggregate amount of €65.9 million (U.S.$89.9 million);
   
acquired Editorial Atlántida, a leading publishing company in Argentina, for approximately U.S.$78.8 million; and
   
acquired in December 2007 shares of companies that hold the majority of the assets of Bestel, a privately held, facilities-based telecommunications company in Mexico by our indirect majority-owned subsidiary, Cablestar for U.S.$256.0 million in cash plus an additional capital contribution of U.S.$69.0 million.

 

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During 2006, we:
   
made aggregate capital expenditures totaling U.S.$298.5 million, including U.S.$75.9 million for our cable television segment, U.S.$91.2 million for Sky, U.S.$22.5 million for gaming, and U.S.$108.9 million in our Television Broadcasting and Other Business segments;
   
made investments related to our 40% interest in La Sexta for an aggregate amount of U.S.$132.4 million (€104.6 million), and capital contributions of U.S.$7.5 million in Volaris related to our 25% interest in this venture;
   
acquired a 50% interest in TVI, a cable television company in Mexico, in the amount of Ps.798.3 million, which was substantially paid in cash, and provided funding to TVI in the form of a loan in the nominal amount of Ps. 240.6 million; and
   
invested U.S.$258.0 million in long-term notes convertible, at our option, into 99.99% of the equity of Alvafig, which held, at such time, 49% of the equity of Cablemás, a large cable operator in Mexico, with a coupon rate of 8% in the first year and 10% in the four remaining years.
Refinancings.  In May 2004, we entered into a five-year credit agreement with a Mexican bank for an aggregate principal amount of Ps.1,162.5 million, which net proceeds were used by us to repay any outstanding amounts under the U.S.$100.0 million syndicated term loan. For a description of the terms of the Ps.1,162.5 million long-term credit agreement, see “— Indebtedness” below.
In October 2004, we entered into a seven and one-half-year credit agreement with a Mexican bank for an aggregate principal amount of Ps.2,000.0 million. Net proceeds of this loan were used principally to prefund a portion of our U.S.$200.0 million aggregate principal amount of 8 5/8% Senior Notes due in August 2005.
In March 2005, we issued U.S.$400.0 million aggregate principal amount of 6 5/8% Senior Notes due 2025. We applied the net proceeds from this issuance, as well as cash on hand, to fund our tender offers for any or all or our U.S.$300.0 million aggregate principal amount outstanding of our 8.00% Senior Notes due 2011 and our Ps.3,839 million (equivalent to approximately U.S.$336.9 million) aggregate principal amount of 8.15% UDI-denominated Notes due 2007. For a description of our 6 5/8% Senior Notes due 2025, see “— Indebtedness” below.
In May 2005, we reopened our 6 5/8% Senior Notes due 2025 for an additional U.S.$200.0 million for an aggregate principal amount of U.S.$600.0 million of 6 5/8% Senior Notes due 2025 outstanding.
In April 2006, Innova successfully completed a cash tender offer to purchase its U.S.$300.0 million 9.375% Senior Notes due 2013 tendering 96.25% of the notes. This tender offer was funded by entering into two bank loans due in 2016 denominated in Pesos for a notional amount of Ps.3,500.0 million at an average fixed interest rate for the first three years of 8.84%.
In May 2007, we issued Ps.4,500 million aggregate principal amount of 8.49% Senior Notes due 2037. We used the net proceeds from the issuance to replenish our cash position following the payment, with cash on hand, of Ps.992.9 million of our 8.15% UDI-denominated notes that matured in April 2007 and for the repurchase of our shares. We used the remaining net proceeds from this issuance for general corporate purposes, including the repayment of other outstanding indebtedness and the continued repurchase of our shares, subject to market conditions and other factors. See Note 8 to our year-end financial statements.
In May 2008, we issued U.S.$500.0 million Senior Notes due 2018. We intend to use the net proceeds for general corporate purposes, including to repay outstanding indebtedness and repurchase our shares, among other uses, in each case, subject to market conditions and other factors.

 

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Indebtedness.  As of December 31, 2007, our consolidated long-term portion of debt amounted to Ps.24,922.0 million, and our consolidated current portion of debt was Ps.488.6 million. As of December 31, 2006, our consolidated long-term portion of debt amounted to Ps.19,487.7 million, and our consolidated current portion of debt was Ps.1,023.5 million. As of December 31, 2005, our consolidated long-term portion of debt amounted to Ps.19,949.4 million, and our consolidated current portion of debt was Ps.367.6 million. The following table sets forth a description of our outstanding indebtedness as of December 31, 2007, on a historical, actual basis. Information in the following table is presented in millions of constant Pesos in purchasing power as of December 31, 2007:
                             
    Debt Outstanding(1)  
    December 31,                  
    2007     Interest         Maturity  
Description of Debt   Actual     Rate(2)     Denomination   of Debt  
Long-term debt
                           
8% Senior Notes(2)(3)
    785.8       8.0 %   U.S. Dollars     2011  
8.5% Senior Notes(2)
    3,276.7       8.5 %   U.S. Dollars     2032  
6.625% Senior Notes(2)(3)
    6,553.3       6.625 %   U.S. Dollars     2025  
8.49% Senior Notes(7)
    4,500.0       8.490 %   Pesos     2037  
Innova’s 9.375% Senior Notes(4)(8)
    122.9       9.375 %   U.S. Dollars     2013  
Banamex loan due 2009(8)
    1,162.5       9.70 %   Pesos     2009  
Banamex loan due 2010 and 2012(8)
    2,000.0       10.35 %   Pesos   2010 and 2012  
JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. loan(5)
    2,457.4       5.330 %   U.S. Dollars     2012  
Santander Serfin loan(4)(8)
    1,400.0       8.98 %   Pesos     2016  
Banamex loan due 2008(8)
    480.0       8.925 %   Pesos     2008  
Banamex loan due 2016(4)(8)
    2,100.0       8.74 %   Pesos     2016  
Other debt(6)
    83.4       4.95 %   Various     2008-2022  
 
                         
Total debt (including current maturities)
    24,922.0             15.2 years (9)
Less: current maturities
    488.6           Various   December 2008  
 
                         
Total long-term debt
    24,433.4                      
 
                         
 
     
(1)  
U.S. Dollar-denominated debt is translated into Pesos at an exchange rate of Ps.10.9222 per U.S. Dollar, the Interbank Rate, as reported by Banamex, as of December 31, 2007.
 
(2)  
These Senior Notes are unsecured obligations of the Company, rank equally in right of payment with all existing and future unsecured and unsubordinated indebtedness of the Company, and are junior in right of payment to all of the existing and future liabilities of the Company’s subsidiaries. Interest on the Senior Notes due 2011, 2025, 2032 and 2037, including additional amounts payable in respect of certain Mexican withholding taxes, is 8.41%, 6.97%, 8.94% and 8.93% per annum, respectively, and is payable semi-annually. These Senior Notes may not be redeemed prior to maturity, except in the event of certain changes in law affecting the Mexican withholding tax treatment of certain payments on the securities, in which case the securities will be redeemable, as a whole but not in part, at the option of the Company. The Senior Notes due 2011 and 2032 were priced at 98.793% and 99.431%, respectively, for a yield to maturity of 8.179% and 8.553%, respectively. The indenture governing these Senior Notes contains covenants that limit the ability of the Company and certain restricted subsidiaries engaged in Television Broadcasting, Pay Television Networks and Programming Exports, to incur or assume liens, perform sale and leaseback transactions, and consummate certain mergers, consolidations and similar transactions. Substantially all of these Senior Notes are registered with the SEC.
 
(3)  
In March and May 2005, the Company issued these Senior Notes in the aggregate amount of U.S.$400.0 million and U.S.$200.0 million, respectively, which were priced at 98.081% and 98.632%, respectively, for a yield to maturity of 6.802% and 6.787%, respectively. The net proceeds of the U.S.$400.0 million issuance, together with cash on hand, were used to fund the Company’s tender offers made for any or all of the Senior Notes due 2011 and the UDI-denominated Notes due 2007, and prepay a portion of the outstanding principal amount of these securities in the amount of U.S.$222.0 million and Ps.3,045,427 (nominal Ps.2,935,097), respectively. The net proceeds of the U.S.$200.0 million issuance were used for corporate purposes, including the prepayment of some of the Company’s outstanding indebtedness.
 
(4)  
These Senior Notes are unsecured and unsubordinated obligations of Sky. Interest on these Senior Notes, including additional amounts payable in respect of certain Mexican withholding taxes, is 9.8580%, and is payable semi-annually. Sky may, at its own option, redeem these Senior Notes, in whole or in part, at any time on or after September 19, 2008 at redemption prices from 104.6875% to 101.5625% between September 19, 2008 through September 18, 2011, or 100% commencing on September 19, 2011, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any. In March and April 2006, Sky entered into two 10-year loans with Mexican banks in the aggregate principal amount of Ps.3,500,000 to fund, together with cash on hand, a tender offer and consent solicitation made for any or all of the Senior Notes due 2013, and prepaid a principal amount of U.S.$288.7 million or 96.2% of these securities. The total aggregate amount paid by Sky in connection with this tender offer was U.S.$324.3 million, which included related consents and accrued and unpaid interest. The 10-year Sky indebtedness is guaranteed by the Company and includes a nominal Ps.2,100,000 loan with an annual interest rate of 8.74% and a Ps.1,400,000 loan with an annual interest rate of 8.98% for the first three years, and the Mexican interbank interest rate of “TIIE” plus 24 basis points for the remaining seven years. Interest on these two 10-year loans is payable on a monthly basis.

 

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(5)  
In December 2007, Cablevisión entered into a 5-year term loan facility in the aggregate principal amount of U.S.$225.0 million in connection with the financing for the acquisition of Letseb and Bestel USA, Inc. This loan is intended to be syndicated during the life of the facility. Annual interest on this loan facility is payable on a quarterly basis at LIBOR plus an applicable margin that may range from 0.375% to 0.625% depending on a leverage ratio. Under the terms of the loan facility, Cablevisión and subsidiaries are required to (a) maintain certain financial coverage ratios related to indebtedness and interest expense, and (b) comply with certain restrictive covenants, primarily on debt, liens, investments and acquisitions, capital expenditures, asset sales, consolidations, mergers and similar transactions.
 
(6)  
Includes notes payable to banks, bearing annual interest rates in a range of 0.11 to 1.25 points above LIBOR. The maturities of these notes are between 2008 and 2022.
 
(7)  
In May 2007, the Company issued these Senior Notes in the aggregate principal amount of Ps.4,500,000. The net proceeds from this issuance were used to replenish the Company’s cash position following the payment, with cash on hand, of Ps.992,900 of our outstanding 8.15% UDI-denominated Notes that matured in April 2007 and for the repurchase of the Company’s shares. The Company used the remaining net proceeds from this issuance for general corporate purposes, including the repayment of other outstanding indebtedness and the continued repurchase of the Company’s shares, subject to market conditions and other factors. The Company may, at its own option, redeem these Senior Notes, in whole or in part, at any time at a redemption price equal to the greater of the principal amount of the Senior Notes or the present value of future cash flows, at the redemption date, of principal and interest amounts of the Senior Notes discounted at a fixed rate of comparable Mexican Government Bonds.
 
(8)  
Includes in 2006 and 2007, outstanding balances of long-term loans in the principal amount of Ps.480,000, Ps.1,162,460 and Ps.2,000,000, in connection with certain credit agreements entered into by the Company with a Mexican bank, with various maturities through 2012. Interest on these loans ranges from 8.925% to 10.350% per annum and is payable on a monthly basis. Under the terms of these credit agreements, the Company and certain restricted subsidiaries engaged in Television Broadcasting, Pay Television Networks and Programming Exports are required to maintain (a) certain financial coverage ratios related to indebtedness and interest expense; and (b) certain restrictive covenants on indebtedness, dividend payments, issuance and sale of capital stock, and liens. The balance in 2006 and 2007 also includes the Sky long-term loans discussed in paragraph (3) above in the aggregate principal amount of Ps.3,500,000.
 
(9)  
Actual weighted average maturity of long-term debt as of December 31, 2007.
Interest Expense.  Interest expense for 2007 was Ps.2,177.0 million, Ps.13.0 million of which was attributable to the restatement of our UDI-denominated notes due 2007.
The following table sets forth our interest expense for the years indicated (in millions of U.S. Dollars and millions of Mexican Pesos):
                         
    Year Ended December 31,(1)(2)  
    2005     2006     2007  
Interest payable in U.S. Dollars
  U.S.$ 118.0     U.S.$ 95.6     U.S.$ 87.2  
Amounts currently payable under Mexican withholding taxes(3)
    6.3       4.2       3.7  
 
                 
Total interest payable in U.S. Dollars
  U.S.$ 124.3     U.S.$ 99.8     U.S.$ 90.9  
 
                 
Peso equivalent of interest payable in U.S. Dollars
  Ps.    1,487.5     Ps.    1,156.4     Ps.    1,014.4  
Interest payable in Pesos
    782.7       812.7       1,149.6  
Restatement of UDI-denominated Notes Due 2007
    34.3       41.3       13.0  
 
                 
Total interest expense(4)
  Ps.    2,304.5     Ps.    2,010.4     Ps.    2,177.0  
 
                 
 
     
(1)  
U.S. Dollars are translated into Pesos at the rate prevailing when interest was recognized as an expense for each period and restated to Pesos in purchasing power as of December 31, 2007.
 
(2)  
Interest expense in these periods includes amounts effectively payable in U.S. Dollars as a result of U.S. Dollar-Peso swaps.
 
(3)  
See “Additional Information — Taxation — Federal Mexican Taxation”.
 
(4)  
Total interest expense amounts in these periods exclude capitalized and hedged interest expense.

 

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Guarantees.  We guarantee our proportionate share of our DTH joint ventures’ minimum commitments for use on PanAmSat (now Intelsat Corporation) IS-9 satellite’s transponders for periods of up to 15 years. The amount of these guaranteed commitments is estimated to be an aggregate of U.S.$92.8 million as of December 31, 2007, related to Innova. In October 2005, in a series of related transactions, we disposed of our 30% interest in Techco and were released of any obligation in connection with a guarantee granted by us in respect of certain of Techco’s indebtedness.
In February 2006, in connection with the transactions with DIRECTV, we entered into an amended and restated guarantee with PanAmSat, pursuant to which the proportionate share of Innova’s transponder lease obligation on satellite 1S-9 (formerly PAS-9) guaranteed by us was adjusted from 51.0% to 52.8%. In April 2006, we acquired additional equity interests in Innova from DIRECTV (as described below), and the guarantee was readjusted from 52.8% to 58.7% to cover a percentage of the transponder lease obligations equal to our percentage ownership of Innova at that time. See “Major Stockholders and Related Party Transactions — Related Party Transactions”, “Information on the Company – Business Overview— DTH Joint Ventures” and Note 11 to our year-end financial statements.
Contractual Obligations and Commercial Commitments
Our contractual obligations and commercial commitments consist primarily of long-term debt, as described above, satellite transponder obligations and transmission rights obligations.
Contractual Obligations on the Balance Sheet
The following table summarizes our contractual obligations on the balance sheet as of December 31, 2007 (these amounts do not include interest):
                                         
    Payments Due by Period  
            Less Than                    
            12 Months     12-36 Months     36-60 Months     After  
            January 1,     January 1,     January 1,     60 Months  
            2008 to     2009 to     2011 to     Subsequent to  
            December 31,     December 31,     December 31,     December 31,  
    Total     2008     2010     2012     2012  
    (Thousands of U.S. Dollars)  
8% Senior Notes due 2011
  U.S.$ 71,951     U.S.$     U.S.$     U.S.$ 71,951     U.S.$  
8.5% Senior Notes due 2032
    300,000                               300,000  
6.625% Senior Notes due 2025
    600,000                               600,000  
8.49% Senior Notes due 2037
    412,005                               412,005  
Innova’s 9.375% Senior Notes due 2013
    11,251                               11,251  
Banamex loan due 2008
    43,947       43,947                          
Banamex loan due 2009
    106,431               106,431                  
Banamex loan due 2010 and 2012
    183,114               91,557       91,557          
JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. loan due 2012
    225,000                       225,000          
Banamex loan due 2016
    192,269                               192,269  
Santander Serfin loan due 2016
    128,179                               128,179  
Other debt
    7,631       792       3,622       296       2,921  
 
                             
Long-term debt
    2,281,778       44,739       201,610       388,804       1,646,625  
Satellite transponder obligation
    103,718       8,944       21,275       26,747       46,752  
Transmission rights(1)
    259,146       81,222       67,443       75,902       34,579  
 
                             
Total contractual obligations
  U.S.$ 2,644,642     U.S.$ 134,905     U.S.$ 290,328     U.S.$ 491,453     U.S.$ 1,727,956  
 
                             
 
     
(1)  
This liability reflects our transmission rights obligations related to programming acquired or licensed from third party producers and suppliers, and special events, which are reflected for in our consolidated balance sheet within trade accounts payable (current liabilities) and other long-term liabilities.

 

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Contractual Obligations off the Balance Sheet
The following table summarizes our contractual obligations off the balance sheet as of December 31, 2007:
                                         
    Payments Due by Period  
            Less Than                    
            12 Months     12-36 Months     36-60 Months     After 60  
            January 1,     January 1,     January 1,     Months  
            2008 to     2009 to     2011 to     Subsequent to  
            December 31,     December 31,     December 31,     December 31,  
    Total     2008     2010     2012     2012  
    (Thousands of U.S. Dollars)  
Satellite transponder commitments(1)
  U.S.$ 50,075     U.S.$ 14,665     U.S.$ 16,944     U.S.$ 9,480     U.S.$ 8,986  
Agreement with Intelsat Corporation(2)
    138,600             138,600              
Capital expenditures commitments(3)
    15,900       15,900                    
Lease commitments(4)
    61,609       15,954       25,516       9,087       11,052  
Other(5)
    64,773       64,773                    
 
                             
Total contractual obligations
  U.S.$ 330,957     U.S.$ 111,292     U.S.$ 181,060     U.S.$ 18,567     U.S.$ 20,038  
 
                             
 
     
(1)  
Our minimum commitments for the use of satellite transponders under operating lease contracts.
 
(2)  
Agreement of Sky and Sky Brasil with Intelsat Corporation to build and launch a new 24-transponder satellite in the fourth quarter of 2009. See Note 11 to our year-end financial statements.
 
(3)  
Our commitments for capital expenditures include U.S.$7,640, which are related to improvements to leasehold facilities of our gaming operations.
 
(4)  
Our minimum non-cancellable lease commitments for facilities under operating lease contracts, which are primarily related to our gaming business, under operating leases expiring through 2046. See Note 11 to our year-end financial statements.
 
(5)  
We have commitments of capital contributions in 2008 related to our 40% equity interest in La Sexta in the aggregate amount of €44.4 million (U.S.$64,773).

 

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Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees
Board of Directors
The following table sets forth the names of our current directors and their alternates, their dates of birth, their principal occupation, their business experience, including other directorships, and their years of service as directors or alternate directors. Each of the following directors and alternate directors were elected or ratified for a one-year term by our stockholders at our April 27, 2007 annual stockholders’ meeting.
             
Name and Date of Birth   Principal Occupation   Business Experience   First Elected
Emilio Fernando Azcárraga Jean
(02/21/68)
  Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer and President of the Executive Committee of Grupo Televisa   Member of the Board of Banco Nacional de México, S.A., former Member of the Board of Teléfonos de México, S.A.B. de C.V. and former Vice Chairman of the Board of Univision   December 1990
 
           
In alphabetical order:
           
Alfonso de Angoitia Noriega
(01/17/62)
  Executive Vice President and Member of the Executive Office of the Chairman and Member of the Executive Committee of Grupo Televisa   Former Chief Financial Officer of Grupo Televisa and former Alternate Member of the Board of Univision and Partner, Mijares, Angoitia, Cortés y Fuentes, S.C. (1994-1999)   April 1998
 
           
María Asunción Aramburuzabala
Larregui (05/02/63)
  Chief Executive Officer of Tresalia Capital, S.A. de C.V.   Partner and Vice Chairwoman of the Board and Member of the Executive Committee of Grupo Modelo, S.A.B. de C.V. and Grupo Televisa, S.A.B. and Member of the Boards of Grupo Financiero Banamex, S.A. de C.V., Banco Nacional de México, S.A. and América Móvil, S.A.B. de C.V.   July 2000
 
           
Pedro Aspe Armella (07/07/50)
  Co-Chairman of the Board of Evercore Partners   Member of the Boards of The McGraw-Hill Companies and Xignux, Chairman of the Board of Volaris and former Member of the Board of Vector Casa de Bolsa, S.A. de C.V.   April 2003
 
           
Julio Barba Hurtado (05/20/33)
  Legal Advisor to the Board, Member of the Executive Committee and Secretary to the Audit and Corporate Practices Committee of Grupo Televisa   Former Assistant Secretary of the Board and Legal Advisor to Televisa, S.A. de C.V.   December 1990
 
           
José Antonio Bastón Patiño
(04/13/68)
  Corporate Vice President of Television and Member of the Executive Committee of Grupo Televisa   Former Vice President of Operations of Grupo Televisa, former General Director of Programming of Grupo Televisa and former Member of the Board of Univision   April 1998

 

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Name and Date of Birth   Principal Occupation   Business Experience   First Elected
Alberto Bailleres González
(08/22/31)
  President of Grupo Bal, S.A. de C.V.   Member of the Boards of Valores Mexicanos, Casa de Bolsa, S.A. de C.V., Desc., S.A.B. de C.V., Fomento Económico Mexicano, S.A.B. de C.V. (FEMSA), Grupo Financiero BBVA Bancomer, S.A. de C.V., Industrias Peoles, S.A.B. de C.V., Grupo Nacional Provincial, S.A.B., Grupo Palacio de Hierro, S.A.B. de C.V., Profuturo GNP, S.A. de C.V., Aseguradora Porvenir GNP, S.A. de C.V. and President of the Board of Governors of the Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México, A.C. (ITAM)   April 2004
 
           
Manuel Jorge Cutillas Covani
(03/01/32)
  Former President and Chief Executive Officer of Grupo Bacardi Limited   Member of the Board of Bacardi Limited and former Chairman of the Board of Grupo Bacardi Limited   April 1994
 
           
José Antonio Fernández
Carbajal (2/15/54)
  Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer of Fomento Económico Mexicano, S.A.B. de C.V. and Chairman of the Board of Coca-Cola Femsa, S.A.B. de C.V.   Member of the Boards of BBVA Bancomer, S.A., Grupo Industrial Saltillo, S.A.B. de C.V., Industrias Peoles, S.A.B. de C.V., and Grupo Industrial Bimbo, S.A.B. de C.V.   April 2007
 
           
Carlos Fernández González
(09/29/66)
  Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of Grupo Modelo, S.A.B. de C.V.   Member of the Boards of Anheuser-Busch Companies, Inc., Grupo Financiero Santander, S.A.B. de C.V. and Emerson Electric, Co. Member of the Board and Partner of Finaccess Mexico, S.A.B. de C.V. and Partner and CEO of Tenedora San Carlos, S.A. de C.V.   July 2000
 
           
Bernardo Gómez Martínez
(07/24/67)
  Executive Vice President, Member of the Executive Office of the Chairman and Member of the Executive Committee of Grupo Televisa   Former President of the Mexican Chamber of Television and Radio Broadcasters and Deputy to the President of Grupo Televisa   April 1999
 
           
Claudio X. González Laporte (05/22/34)
  Chairman of the Board of Kimberly-Clark de México, S.A.B. de C.V.   Member of the Boards of Kimberly-Clark Corporation, General Electric Co., Kellogg Company, Home Depot, Inc., Alfa, S.A.B. de C.V., Grupo Carso, S.A.B. de C.V., América Móvil, S.A.B. de C.V. and Investment Company of America, former President of the Mexican Business Council and former Chief Executive Officer of Kimberly-Clark de Mexico, S.A.B. de C.V.   April 1997
 
           
Roberto Hernández Ramírez
(03/24/42)
  Chairman of the Board of Banco Nacional de México, S.A.   Former Chief Executive Officer of Banco Nacional de México, S.A. and Member of the Boards of Citigroup, Inc., Gruma, S.A.B. de C.V., Grupo Financiero Banamex Accival, S.A. de C.V., and the Nature Conservancy and World Monuments Fund   April 1992

 

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Name and Date of Birth   Principal Occupation   Business Experience   First Elected
Enrique Krauze Kleinbort
(09/17/47)
  Director and Partner of Editorial Clío Libros y Videos, S.A. de C.V.   Director and Partner of Editorial Vuelta, S.A. de C.V.   April 1996
 
           
Germán Larrea Mota Velasco
(10/26/53)
  Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer of Grupo México, S.A.B. de C.V.   Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer of Southern Copper Corporation and Grupo Ferroviario Mexicano, S.A. de C.V., former Chairman of the Board and former Chief Executive Officer of Asarco Incorporated, former Member of the Boards of Banco Nacional de México, S.A. and Bolsa Mexicana de Valores, S.A. de C.V., and former President of Grupo México, S.A.B. de C.V.   April 1999
 
           
Gilberto Pérezalonso Cifuentes
(03/06/43)
  Member of the Audit and Corporate Practices Committee of Grupo Televisa   Former Chief Executive Officer of Aerovias de Mexico, S.A. de C.V., and former Chief Executive Officer of Corporación GEO, S.A.B. de C.V. Former Member of the Boards of Grupo Gigante, S.A.B. de C.V. Southern Peru Copper Corporation and Afore Banamex, S.A. Member of the Boards of Consorcio Aeroméxico S.A.B de C.V. and Telefónica Móviles México, S.A. de C.V.   April 1998
 
           
Alejandro Quintero Iñiguez
(02/11/50)
  Corporate Vice President of Sales and Marketing and Member of the Executive Committee of Grupo Televisa   Stockholder of Grupo TV Promo, S.A. de C.V. and former Advisor to former Mexican President Ernesto Zedillo   April 1998
 
           
Fernando Senderos Mestre
(03/03/50)
  Chairman of the Board and President of the Executive Committee of DESC, S.A. de C.V., Dine, S.A.B. de C.V. and Grupo Kuo, S.A.B. de C.V. (formerly DESC, S.A. de C.V.)   Member of the Boards of Teléfonos de México, S.A.B. de C.V., Alfa, S.A.B. de C.V., Kimberly-Clark de México, S.A.B. de C.V. and Industrias Peoles, S.A.B. de C.V. and former Chief Executive Officer of DESC, S.A. de C.V.   April 1992
 
           
Enrique Francisco José Senior
Hernández (08/03/43)
  Managing Director of Allen & Company, LLC   Member of the Boards of Pics Retail Networks, Coca-Cola Femsa, S.A.B. de C.V., Cinemark USA Inc. and Non Traditional Media and former Executive Vice President of Allen & Company, LLC   April 2001
 
           
Lorenzo H. Zambrano Trevio (03/27/44)
  Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer of Cemex, S.A.B. de C.V.   Member of the Boards of Alfa, S.A.B. de C.V., IBM, Citigroup, Allianz, Grupo Financiero Bancomer, S.A. de C.V. Empresas ICA, Sociedad Controladora, S.A.B. de C.V., Fomento Económico Mexicano, S.A.B. de C.V. and Vitro, S.A.B. de C.V.   April 1999

 

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Name and Date of Birth   Principal Occupation   Business Experience   First Elected
Alternate Directors:
           
In alphabetical order:
           
Herbert A. Allen III (06/08/67)
  President of Allen & Company LLC   Former Executive Vice President and Managing Director of Allen & Company Incorporated, Member of the Board of Convera Corporation   April 2002
 
           
Juan Pablo Andrade Frich
(06/05/64)
  Asset Manager of Tresalia Capital, S.A. de C.V.   Former Member of the Boards of Televicentro, S.A. de C.V. and Empresas Cablevisión, S.A.B. de C.V.   July 2000
 
           
Lucrecia Aramburuzabala
Larregui de Fernandez
(03/29/67)
  Private Investor   Former employee of Tresalia Capital, S.A. de C.V. and Member of the Board of Grupo Modelo, S.A.B. de C.V. and former Member of the Board of Televicentro, S.A. de C.V.   July 2000
 
           
Félix José Araujo Ramírez
(03/20/51)
  Vice President of Televisa Regional   Former Private Investor in Promoción y Programación de la Provincia, S.A. de C.V., Promoción y Programación del Valle de Lerma, S.A. de C.V., Promoción y Programación del Sureste, S.A. de C.V., Teleimagen Profesional del Centro, S.A. de C.V. and Estrategia Satélite, S.C.   April 2002
 
           
Joaquín Balcárcel Santa Cruz
(01/04/69)
  Vice President — Legal and General Counsel of Grupo Televisa   Former Vice President and General Counsel of Television, Former Legal Director of Grupo Televisa and former associate at Martínez, Algaba, Estrella, De Haro y Galván-Duque, S.C.   April 2000
 
           
Rafael Carabias Príncipe
(11/13/44)
  Chief Financial Officer of Gestora de Inversiones Audiovisuales La Sexta, S.A.   Former Member of the Boards of Promecap, S.C. and Grupo Financiero del Sureste, S.A., former Director of Corporate Finance of Scotiabank Inverlat, S.A. and former Vice President of Administration of Grupo Televisa   April 1999
 
           
Francisco José Chévez Robelo
(07/03/29)
  Retired Partner of Chévez, Ruiz, Zamarripa y Cía., S.C. and Chairman of the Audit and Corporate Practices Committee of Grupo Televisa and Empresas Cablevisión, S.A.B. de C.V.   Member of the Board of Empresas Cablevisión, S.A.B. de C.V. and former Partner of Chévez, Ruíz, Zamarripa y Cía., S.C.   April 2003
 
           
José Luis Fernández Fernández
(05/18/59)
  Partner of Chévez, Ruíz, Zamarripa y Cia., S.C.   Former Member of the Boards of Alexander Forbes, S.A. de C.V. and Afore Bital, S.A.   April 2002

 

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Name and Date of Birth   Principal Occupation   Business Experience   First Elected
Salvi Rafael Folch Viadero
(08/16/67)
  Chief Financial Officer of Grupo Televisa   Former Vice President of Financial Planning of Grupo Televisa, Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of Comercio Más, S.A. de C.V. and former Vice Chairman of Banking Supervision of the National Banking and Securities Commission   April 2002
 
           
Leopoldo Gómez González Blanco
(04/06/59)
  Vice President of Newscasts of Grupo Televisa   Former Director of Information to the President of Grupo Televisa   April 2003
 
           
Jorge Agustín Lutteroth
Echegoyen (01/24/53)
  Vice President and Corporate Controller of Grupo Televisa   Former Senior Partner of Coopers & Lybrand Despacho Roberto Casas Alatriste, S.C.   April 2000
 
           
Alberto Javier Montiel
Castellanos (11/22/45)
  Director of Montiel Font y Asociados, S.C. and Member of the Audit and Corporate Practices Committees of Grupo Televisa and Empresas Cablevisión, S.A.B. de C.V.   Former Tax Vice President of Grupo Televisa and Former Tax Director of Wal-Mart de México, S.A.B. de C.V.   April 2002
 
           
Raúl Morales Medrano (05/12/70)
  Partner of Chévez, Ruiz, Zamarripa y Cia., S.C.   Former Senior Manager of Chévez, Ruiz, Zamarripa y Cia., S.C.   April 2002
María Asunción Aramburuzabala Larregui and Lucrecia Aramburuzabala Larregui are sisters. Carlos Fernández González is the husband of Lucrecia Aramburuzabala Larregui and the brother-in-law of María Asunción Aramburuzabala Larregui.
María Asunción Aramburuzabala Larregui and Carlos Fernández González were beneficiaries of the Investor Trust (as defined in “Major Stockholders and Related Party Transactions — The Major Stockholders”), which, before August 17, 2005, was one of our major stockholders through the ownership of 5.15% of the total issued and outstanding Shares. These Shares were then held in the Stockholder Trust. See “Major Stockholders and Related Party Transactions — The Major Stockholders”. Pursuant to the Stockholder Trust agreement, the Investor Trust was entitled to nominate one individual to our Board of Directors so long as the Shares it held through the Stockholder Trust constituted more than 2% of the total issued and outstanding Shares. See “Major Stockholders and Related Party Transactions — The Major Stockholders” for a further discussion of the rights of the Investor Trust.
Our Board of Directors
General.  The management of our business is vested in our Board of Directors. Our bylaws currently provide for a Board of Directors of 20 members, at least 25% of which must be “independent directors” under Mexican law (as described below), with the same number of alternate directors. The Mexican Securities Market Law provides that the following persons, among others, do not qualify as independent:
   
our principals, employees or managers, as well as the statutory auditors, or comisarios, of our subsidiaries, including those individuals who have occupied any of the described positions within a period of 12 months preceding the appointment;
   
individuals who have significant influence over our decision making processes;
   
controlling stockholders, in our case, the beneficiaries of the Stockholder Trust;
   
partners or employees of any company which provides advisory services to us or any company that is part of the same economic group as we are and that receives 10% or more of its income from us;
   
significant clients, suppliers, debtors or creditors, or members of the Board or executive officers of any such entities; or
   
spouses, family relatives up to the fourth degree, or cohabitants of any of the aforementioned individuals.

 

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Election of Directors.  A majority of the members of our Board of Directors must be Mexican nationals and must be elected by Mexican stockholders. At our annual stockholders’ meeting on April 27, 2007 and at our annual meetings thereafter, a majority of the holders of the A Shares voting together elected, or will have the right to elect, eleven of our directors and corresponding alternates and a majority of the holders of the B Shares voting together elected, or will have the right to elect, five of our directors and corresponding alternates. At our special stockholders’ meetings, a majority of the holders of the L Shares and D Shares will each continue to have the right to elect two of our directors and alternate directors, each of which must be an independent director. Ten percent holders of A Shares, B Shares, L Shares or D Shares will be entitled to nominate, a director and corresponding alternates. Each alternate director may vote in the absence of a corresponding director. Directors and alternate directors are elected for one-year terms by our stockholders at each annual stockholders’ meeting, and each serves for up to a 30 day term once the one-year appointment has expired or upon resignation; in this case, the Board of Directors is entitled to appoint provisional directors without the approval of the stockholders meeting. All of the current and alternate members of the Board of Directors were elected by our stockholders at our 2007 annual stockholders’ special and general meetings, which were held on April 27, 2007.
Quorum; Voting.  In order to have a quorum for a meeting of the Board of Directors, generally at least 50% of the directors or their corresponding alternates must be present. However, in the case of a meeting of the Board of Directors to consider certain proposed acquisitions of our capital stock, at least 75% of the directors or their corresponding alternates must be present. In the event of a deadlock of our Board, our Chairman will have the deciding vote.
Meetings; Actions Requiring Board Approval.  Our bylaws provide that our Board must meet at least once a quarter, and that our Chairman, 25% of the Board, our Secretary or alternate Secretary or the Chairman of the Audit and Corporate Practices Committee may call for a Board meeting.
Pursuant to the Mexican Securities Market Law and our bylaws, our Board of Directors must approve, among other matters:
   
our general strategy;
   
with input from the Audit and Corporate Practices Committee, on an individual basis: (i) any transactions with related parties, subject to certain limited exceptions; (ii) the appointment of our Chief Executive Officer, his compensation and removal for justified causes; (iii) our financial statements; (iv) unusual or non-recurrent transactions and any transactions or series of related transactions during any calendar year that involve (a) the acquisition or sale of assets with a value equal to or exceeding 5% of our consolidated assets, or (b) the giving of collateral or guarantees or the assumption of liabilities, equal to or exceeding 5% of our consolidated assets; (v) agreements with our external auditors; and (vi) accounting policies within GAAP;
   
creation of special committees and granting them the power and authority, provided that the committees will not have the authority, which by law or under our bylaws is expressly reserved for the stockholders or the Board;
   
matters related to antitakeover provisions provided for in our bylaws; and
   
the exercise of our general powers in order to comply with our corporate purpose.
Duty of Care and Duty of Loyalty.  The Mexican Securities Market Law imposes a duty of care and a duty of loyalty on directors. The duty of care requires our directors to act in good faith and in the best interests of the company. In carrying out this duty, our directors are required to obtain the necessary information from the Chief Executive Officer, the executive officers, the external auditors or any other person to act in the best interests of the company. Our directors are liable for damages and losses caused to us and our subsidiaries as a result of violating their duty of care.
The duty of loyalty requires our directors to preserve the confidentiality of information received in connection with the performance of their duties and to abstain from discussing or voting on matters in which they have a conflict of interest. In addition, the duty of loyalty is breached if a stockholder or group of stockholders is knowingly favored or if, without the express approval of the Board of Directors, a director takes advantage of a corporate opportunity. The duty of loyalty is also breached, among other things, by (i) failing to disclose to the Audit and Corporate Practices Committee or the external auditors any irregularities that the director encounters in the performance of his or her duties; or (ii) disclosing information that is false or misleading or omitting to record any transaction in our records that could affect our financial statements. Directors are liable for damages and losses caused to us and our subsidiaries for violations of this duty of loyalty. This liability also extends to damages and losses caused as a result of benefits obtained by the director or directors or third parties, as a result of actions of such directors.
Our directors may be subject to criminal penalties of up to 12 years’ imprisonment for certain illegal acts involving willful misconduct that result in losses to us. Such acts include the alteration of financial statements and records.

 

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Liability actions for damages and losses resulting from the violation of the duty of care or the duty of loyalty may be exercised solely for our benefit and may be brought by us, or by stockholders representing 5% or more of our capital stock, and criminal actions only may be brought by the Mexican Ministry of Finance, after consulting with the Mexican National Banking and Securities Commission. As a safe harbor for directors, the liabilities specified above (including criminal liability) will not be applicable if the director acting in good faith (i) complied with applicable law, (ii) made the decision based upon information provided by our executive officers or third-party experts, the capacity and credibility of which could not be subject to reasonable doubt, (iii) selected the most adequate alternative in good faith or if the negative effects of such decision could not have been foreseeable, and (iv) complied with stockholders’ resolutions provided the resolutions do not violate applicable law.
The members of the board are liable to our stockholders only for the loss of net worth suffered as a consequence of disloyal acts carried out in excess of their authority or in violation of our bylaws.
In accordance with the Mexican Securities Market Law, supervision of our management is entrusted to our Board of Directors, which shall act through an Audit and Corporate Practices Committee for such purposes, and to our external auditor. The Audit and Corporate Practices Committee (together with the Board of Directors) replaces the statutory auditor (comisario) that previously had been required by the Mexican Companies Law.
Audit and Corporate Practices Committee.  The Audit and Corporate Practices Committee is currently composed of three members: Francisco José Chévez Robelo, the Chairman, Alberto Montiel Castellanos and Gilberto Pérezalonso Cifuentes. These members were elected at our ordinary stockholders’ meeting held on April 27, 2007 and Board of Directors Meeting held on October 27, 2006. The Chairman of the Audit and Corporate Practices Committee is appointed at our stockholders’ meeting, and the board of directors appoints the remaining members.
The Audit and Corporate Practices Committee is responsible for, among other things: (i) supervising our external auditors and analyzing their reports, (ii) analyzing and supervising the preparation of our financial statements, (iii) informing the Board of Directors of our internal controls and their adequacy, (iv) requesting reports of our Board of Directors and executive officers whenever it deems appropriate, (v) informing the Board of any irregularities that it may encounter, (vi) receiving and analyzing recommendations and observations made by the stockholders, directors, executive officers, our external auditors or any third party and taking the necessary actions, (vii) calling stockholders’ meetings, (viii) supervising the activities of our Chief Executive Officer, (ix) providing an annual report to the Board of Directors, (x) providing opinions to our Board of Directors, (xi) requesting and obtaining opinions from independent third parties and (xii) assisting the Board in the preparation of annual reports and other reporting obligations.
The Chairman of the Audit and Corporate Practices Committee, shall prepare an annual report to our Board of Directors with respect to the findings of the Audit and Corporate Practices Committee, which shall include, among other things (i) the status of the internal controls and internal audits and any deviations and deficiencies thereof, taking into consideration the reports of external auditors and independent experts, (ii) the results of any preventive and corrective measures taken based on results of investigations in respect of non-compliance of operating and accounting policies, (iii) the evaluation of external auditors, (iv) the main results from the review of our financial statements and those of our subsidiaries, (v) the description and effects of changes to accounting policies, (vi) the measures adopted as result of observations of stockholders, directors, executive officers and third parties relating to accounting, internal controls, and internal or external audits; (vii) compliance with stockholders’ and directors’ resolutions; (viii) observations with respect to relevant directors and officers; (ix) the transactions entered into with related parties; and (x) the remunerations paid to directors and officers.
Committees of Our Board of Directors.  Our Board of Directors has an Executive Committee. Each member is appointed for a one-year term at each annual general stockholders’ meeting. Our bylaws provide that the Executive Committee may generally exercise the powers of the Board of Directors, except those expressly reserved for the Board in our bylaws or by applicable law. The Executive Committee currently consists of Emilio Azcárraga Jean, Alfonso de Angoitia Noriega, Bernardo Gómez Martínez, José Antonio Bastón Patiño, Julio Barba Hurtado, and Alejandro Quintero Iñiguez.

 

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Executive Officers
The following table sets forth the names of our executive officers, their dates of birth, their current position, their prior business experience and the year in which they were appointed to their current positions:
             
Name and Date of Birth   Principal Position   Business Experience   First Appointed
Emilio Fernando Azcárraga
Jean (02/21/68)
  Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer and President of the Executive Committee of Grupo Televisa   Member of the Board of Banco Nacional de México, S.A., former Member of the Board of Teléfonos de México, S.A.B. de C.V. and former Vice Chairman of the Board of Univision   March 1997
 
           
In alphabetical order:
           
Alfonso de Angoitia Noriega
(01/17/62)
  Executive Vice President and Member of the Executive Office of the Chairman and Member of the Executive Committee of Grupo Televisa   Former Chief Financial Officer of Grupo Televisa, Member of the Board and of the Executive Committee of Grupo Televisa, former Alternate Member of the Board of Univision and Partner, Mijares, Angoitia, Cortés y Fuentes, S.C. (1994-1999)   January 2004
 
           
Félix José Araujo Ramírez
(03/20/51)
  President of Telesistema Mexicano, S.A. de C.V.; Vice President of Televisa Regional   Former Private Investor in Promoción y Programación de la Provincia, S.A. de C.V., Promoción y Programación del Valle de Lerma, S.A. de C.V., Promoción y Programación del Sureste, S.A. de C.V., Teleimagen Profesional del Centro, S.A. de C.V. and Estrategia Satélite, S.C.   January 1993
 
           
Maximiliano Arteaga Carlebach
(12/06/42)
  Vice President of Operations, Technical Service and Television Production of Grupo Televisa   Former Vice President of Operations — Televisa Chapultepec, former Vice President of Administration — Televisa San Angel and Chapultepec and former Vice President of Administration and Finance of Univisa, Inc.   March 2002
 
           
José Antonio Bastón Patiño
(04/13/68)
  Corporate Vice President of Television of Grupo Televisa   Member of the Board and of the Executive Committee of Grupo Televisa, former Vice President of Operations of Grupo Televisa, former General Director of Programming of Grupo Televisa and former Member of the Board of Univision   February 2001
 
           
Jean Paul Broc Haro (08/08/62)
  Chief Executive Officer of Cablevisión   Former General Manager of Pay Television Networks of Grupo Televisa   February 2003
 
           
Salvi Rafael Folch Viadero
(08/16/67)
  Chief Financial Officer of Grupo Televisa   Former Vice President of Financial Planning of Grupo Televisa, Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of Comercio Más, S.A. de C.V. and former Vice Chairman of Banking Supervision of the National Banking and Securities Commission   January 2004
 
           
Bernardo Gómez Martínez
(07/24/67)
  Executive Vice President and Member of the Executive Office of the Chairman and Member of the Executive Committee of Grupo Televisa   Former Deputy to the President of Grupo Televisa, member of the Board and of the Executive Committee of Televisa and former President of the Mexican Chamber of Television and Radio Broadcasters   January 2004

 

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Name and Date of Birth   Principal Position   Business Experience   First Appointed
Eduardo Michelsen Delgado
(03/03/71)
  Chief Executive Officer of Editorial Televisa   Former Vice President of Operations of Editorial Televisa International, former General Director of Grupo Semana and former Project Director for McKinsey & Co.   March 2001
 
           
Jorge Eduardo Murguía Orozco
(01/25/50)
  Vice President of Production of Grupo Televisa   Former Administrative Vice President and former Director of Human Resources of Televisa   March 1992
 
           
Alejandro Quintero Iñiguez
(02/11/50)
  Corporate Vice President of Sales and Marketing of Grupo Televisa   Member of the Board and of the Executive Committee of Grupo Televisa, Stockholder and Member of the Board of Grupo TV Promo, S.A. de C.V. and former advisor to former Mexican President Ernesto Zedillo   April 1998
 
           
Francisco Javier Mérida
Guzmán (07/31/67)
  Chief Executive Officer of Sistema Radiópolis   Former Chief Executive Officer and National Sales Manager of Cadena SER   October 2006
 
           
Alexandre Moreira Penna Da
Silva (12/25/54)
  Chief Executive Officer of Innova   Former Vice President of Corporate Finance of Grupo Televisa and former Managing Director of JPMorgan Chase   January 2004
Compensation of Directors and Officers
For the year ended December 31, 2007, we paid our directors, alternate directors and executive officers for services in all capacities aggregate compensation of approximately nominal Ps.407 million (U.S.$37.3 million using the Interbank Rate, as reported by Banamex, as of December 31, 2007).
We made Ps.86 million in contributions to our pension and seniority premium plans on behalf of our directors, alternate directors and executive officers in 2007. Projected benefit obligations as of December 31, 2007 were approximately Ps.60 million.
In addition, we have granted our executive officers and directors rights to purchase CPOs under the Stock Purchase Plan and the Long-Term Retention Plan. See “— Stock Purchase Plan” and “— Long-Term Retention Plan” below.
Use of Certain Assets and Services
We maintain an overall security program for Mr. Azcárraga, other top executives, their families, in some cases, and for other specific employees and service providers, as permitted under our “Política de Seguridad” policy, due to business-related security concerns. We refer to the individuals described above as Key Personnel. Our security program includes the use of our personnel, assets and services to accomplish security objectives.
According to this program, we require, under certain circumstances, that certain authorized Key Personnel use aircrafts, either owned or leased by us, for non-business, as well as business travel for our benefit rather than as a personal benefit. The use of such aircrafts is carried out in accordance with, among others, our “Política de Seguridad” policy, which establishes guidelines under which authorized Key Personnel may use such aircrafts for personal purposes. If the use of such aircrafts for personal purposes exceeds the specified number of hours, the relevant Key Personnel must reimburse us for the cost of operating the aircrafts during the excess time of use. The aggregate amount of compensation set forth in “— Compensation of Directors and Officers” does include the cost to us of providing this service.
In addition, certain Key Personnel is provided with security systems and equipment for their residences and/or automobiles and with security advice and personal protection services at their residences. The use of these security services is provided in accordance with our “Política de Seguridad” policy. The cost of these systems and services are incurred as a result of business-related concerns and are not considered for their personal benefit. As a result, the Company has not included such cost in “— Compensation of Directors and Officers”.

 

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Stock Purchase Plan
Pursuant to the terms of our stock purchase plan, as amended, we may grant eligible participants, who consist of key executives and other personnel, rights to purchase CPOs and/or CPO equivalents or we may conditionally sell CPOs and/or CPO equivalents to these participants. Our stockholders have authorized the allocation of up to 8% of our capital stock to this and any other plans we may establish from time to time for the benefit of our employees. See “— Long-Term Retention Plan”. Pursuant to the stock purchase plan, the exercise or sale prices of the CPOs and/or CPO equivalents are based on then current market prices at the time the options are granted or the conditional sale agreement is executed. We have implemented the stock purchase plan by means of a special purpose trust. The CPOs, CPO equivalents and underlying shares that are part of the stock purchase plan will be held by the special purpose trust and will be voted with the majority of the CPOs, CPO equivalents and underlying shares represented at the relevant meeting until these securities are transferred to plan participants or otherwise sold in the open market. In accordance with the stock purchase plan, our President and the technical committee of the special purpose trust have broad discretion to make decisions related to the stock purchase plan, including the ability to accelerate vesting terms, to release or transfer CPOs and/or CPO equivalents, subject to conditional sale agreements, to plan participants in connection with sales for purposes of making the payment of the related purchase price, and to implement amendments to the stock purchase plan, among others.
The stock purchase plan has been implemented in several stages since 1999, through a series of conditional sales to plan participants of CPOs. The conditional sale agreements entered into by plan participants since the implementation of the stock purchase plan through the fourth quarter of 2001 were terminated for several reasons, including the failure of plan participants to pay the purchase price and the fact that the average closing price per CPO on the Mexican Stock Exchange fell below certain thresholds for a 15 trading day period.
As of March 2004, allocations and conditional sale agreements have been made or executed with respect to approximately 118 million CPOs, generally at exercise prices ranging from approximately Ps.11.21 to Ps.19.10 (approximately U.S.$1.01 to U.S.$1.73) per CPO (in certain cases, adjusted upwards by a specified percentage ranging from 2% to 6%, depending upon whether the purchase price is paid in Pesos or in U.S. Dollars, generally from the date of the relevant conditional sale agreement through the date of payment(s)). Pursuant to the related conditional sale agreements, rights to approximately 30.0 million CPOs vested in February 2003, approximately 17.5 million CPOs vested in March 2004, approximately 17.5 million CPOs vested in March 2005, approximately 9.5 million CPOs vested in July 2005, approximately 18.7 million vested in March 2006, approximately 10.7 million vested in July 2006, approximately 3.7 million vested in November 2006, approximately 0.7 million vested in March 2007, 7.1 million vested in July 2007, 0.1 million vested in February 2008, and 0.7 million vested in March 2008. Rights to the remaining CPOs currently vest no later than 2008. Rights to purchase these CPOs currently expire in 2011. Unless the technical committee of the special purpose trust or our President determines otherwise, these CPOs will be held in the special purpose trust until they are transferred to plan participants or otherwise sold in the open market, subject to the conditions set forth in the related conditional sale agreements. Any CPOs not transferred to plan participants pursuant to the relevant conditional sale agreement may be allocated to other existing or future plan participants, provided that the rights of the original plan participants to purchase these CPOs have expired or are terminated. See Notes 12 and 23 to our year-end financial statements.
In December 2002, we registered for sale CPOs by the special purpose trust to plan participants pursuant to a registration statement on Form S-8 under the Securities Act. The registration of these CPOs permits plan participants who are not affiliates and/or the special purpose trust on behalf of these plan participants to sell their CPOs that have vested into the Mexican and/or U.S. markets through ordinary brokerage transactions without any volume or other limitations or restrictions. Those plan participants who are affiliates may only sell their vested CPOs either pursuant to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act or in reliance on an exemption from registration. All or a portion of the net proceeds from any such sales would be used to satisfy the purchase price obligations of these plan participants pursuant to their conditional sale agreements. As of December 31, 2007, approximately 74.1 million stock purchase plan CPOs transferred to employee plan participants, have been sold in open market transactions. Additional sales took place during the three-months ended March 31, 2008, and will continue to take place during or after 2008.

 

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Long-Term Retention Plan
At our general extraordinary and ordinary stockholders’ meeting held on April 30, 2002, our stockholders authorized the creation and implementation of a Long-Term Retention Plan, which supplements our existing stock purchase plan. At the meeting, our stockholders also authorized the issuance of A Shares in an aggregate amount of up to 4.5% of our capital stock at the time the A Shares are issued, a portion of the 8% of our capital stock previously authorized by our stockholders for these plans, as well as the creation of one or more special purpose trusts to implement the Long-Term Retention Plan. One of these special purpose trusts currently owns approximately 133.8 million CPOs or CPO equivalents, of which approximately 50% are in the form of CPOs and the remaining 50% are in the form of A, B, D and L Shares. During 2006, approximately 9.7 million CPOs were early vested. During the three-month period ended March 31, 2008, approximately 12.1 million CPOs were vested. We estimate that the remaining CPOs and CPOs equivalents will become granted and/or vested in periods between 2008 and 2023. Pursuant to our Long-Term Retention Plan, we may grant eligible participants, who consist of unionized and non-unionized employees, including key personnel, awards as stock options, conditional sales, restricted stock or other similar arrangements. As approved by our stockholders, the exercise or sale price, as the case may be, is based (i) on the average trading price of the CPOs during the first six months of 2003, or (ii) on the price determined by the Board, the technical committee of the special purpose trust or the President of Televisa, in either case, adjusted by any applicable discount, including discounts attributable to limitations on the disposition of the Shares or CPOs that are subject to the Long-Term Retention Plan. The CPOs and their underlying shares as well as A, B, D and L Shares that are part of the Long-Term Retention Plan will be held by the special purpose trust and will be voted (y) with the majority of those securities, as the case may be, represented at the relevant meeting or (z) as determined by the technical committee of the special purpose trust, until these securities are transferred to plan participants or otherwise sold in the open market. As of December 31, 2007 approximately 4.9 million Long-Term Retention Plan CPOs that were transferred to employee plan participants were sold in the open market. During the three-month period ended March 31, 2008, approximately 3.2 million Long-Term Retention Plan CPOs from the Long-Term Retention Plan CPOs that vested in January 2008 were sold in the open market. Additional sales will continue to take place during or after 2008.
In April 2007, the Board of Directors, with the input from the Audit and Corporate Practices Committee, reviewed the compensation of our Chief Executive Officer and determined to include our Chief Executive Officer in the Long-Term Retention Plan of the Company as well as in any other plan to be granted by the Company to its employees in the future. See “— Compensation of Directors and Officers”. As a consequence thereof, as of May 2007, the Chief Executive Officer was awarded, under the Long-Term Retention Plan, approximately 5.5 million CPOs or CPO equivalents, either in the form of CPOs or shares, to be exercised at a price of approximately Ps.60.65 per CPO (subject to adjustments depending on the result of operations of the Company). The CPOs granted to the Chief Executive Officer may be exercised in 2010, 2011 and 2012. Pursuant to the resolutions adopted by our stockholders, we have not, and do not intend to, register shares under the Securities Act that are allocated to the Long-Term Retention Plan.
As of May 2007, awards under the Long-Term Retention Plan have been granted or reserved with respect to approximately 51.3 million CPOs or CPO equivalents, either in the form of CPOs or Shares, of which rights with respect to approximately 37.7 million CPOs or CPO equivalents shall vest between 2008 and 2010 at a price of approximately Ps.13.45 per CPO and rights with respect to approximately 6 million CPOs or CPO equivalents shall vest between 2010 and 2012 as described in the above paragraph at a weighted-average price of approximately Ps.56.93 per CPO. The remaining 7.6 million CPOs or CPO equivalents may be exercised at a price of approximately Ps.28.05 per CPO in periods commencing in 2008 and ending in 2023 (in certain cases, adjusted upwards by a specified percentage similar to the interest rate generated by government liquid securities). Pursuant to the resolutions adopted by our stockholders’ meeting, we have not, and do not intend to, register shares under the Securities Act that are allocated to the Long-Term Retention Plan.
At our annual general ordinary stockholders’ meeting held on April 30, 2008, our stockholders approved the implementation of the second stage of the Long-Term Retention Plan. The shareholders approved grants of up to 25 million CPOs per year, or CPO equivalents, under this stage of the Long-Term Retention Plan. The price at which the CPOs will be transferred to beneficiaries is based on the lowest of (i) the closing price on March 31 of the year in which the CPOs are transferred, and (ii) the average price of the CPOs during the first three months of the year in which the CPOs are transferred, less dividends, operating income before depreciation and amortization, or OIBDA (including OIBDA affected by acquisitions), and liquidity discounts, among others.

 

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Share Ownership of Directors and Officers
Share ownership of our directors, alternate directors and executive officers is set forth in the table under “Major Stockholders and Related Party Transactions — Related Party Transactions”. Except as set forth in this table, none of our directors, alternate directors or executive officers is currently the beneficial owner of more than 1% of any class of our capital stock or conditional sale agreements or options representing the right to purchase more than 1% of any class of our capital stock.
Employees and Labor Relations
The following table sets forth the number of employees and a breakdown of employees by main category of activity and geographic location as of the end of each year in the three-year period ended December 31, 2007:
                         
    Year Ended December 31,  
    2005     2006     2007  
Total number of employees
    15,076       16,205       17,810  
Category of activity:
                       
Employees
    15,042       16,170       17,777  
Executives
    34       35       33  
Geographic location:
                       
Mexico
    13,680       14,629       15,871  
Latin America (other than Mexico)
    954       1,131       1,473  
U.S
    435       437       466  
Spain
    7       8       0  
As of December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007, approximately 42%, 41% and 39% of our employees, respectively, were represented by unions. We believe that our relations with our employees are good. Under Mexican law, the agreements between us and most of our television, radio and cable television union employees are subject to renegotiation on an annual basis in January of each year. We also have union contracts with artists, musicians and other employees, which are also renegotiated on an annual basis.

 

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Item 7. Major Stockholders and Related Party Transactions
The following table sets forth information about the beneficial ownership of our capital stock by our directors, alternate directors, executive officers and each person who is known by us to own more than 5% of the currently outstanding A Shares, B Shares, L Shares or D Shares as of May 31, 2008. Except as set forth below, we are not aware of any holder of more than 5% of any class of our Shares.
                                                                         
                                                                    Aggregate  
                                                                    Percentage of  
    Shares Beneficially Owned(1)(2)     Outstanding  
    A Shares     B Shares     D Shares     L Shares     Shares  
            Percentage             Percentage             Percentage             Percentage     Beneficially  
Identity of Owner   Number     of Class     Number     of Class     Number     of Class     Number     of Class     Owned  
Azcárraga Trust(3)
    52,991,825,693       44.1 %     67,814,604       0.1 %     107,886,870       0.1 %     107,886,870       0.1 %     15.3 %
Inbursa Trust(3)
    1,657,549,900       1.4 %     1,458,643,912       2.6 %     2,320,569,860       2.7 %     2,320,569,860       2.7 %     2.2 %
Davis Advisers(4)
    4,759,684,375       4.0 %     4,188,522,250       7.4 %     6,663,558,125       7.8 %     6,663,558,125       7.8 %     6.4 %
Dodge & Cox, Inc.(5)
    4,528,824,000       3.8 %     3,985,365,120       7.1 %     6,340,353,600       7.4 %     6,340,353,600       7.4 %     6.1 %
AIM Trimark Investments(6)
    3,821,137,500       3.2 %     3,362,601,000       6.0 %     5,349,592,500       6.2 %     5,349,592,500       6.2 %     5.1 %
Fidelity Management & Research(7)
    3,106,817,750       2.6 %     2,733,999,620       4.9 %     4,349,544,850       5.1 %     4,349,544,850       5.1 %     4.2 %
     
(1)  
Unless otherwise indicated, the information presented in this section is based on the number of shares authorized, issued and outstanding as of May 31, 2008. The number of shares issued and outstanding for legal purposes as of May 31, 2008 was 61,227,485,550 series A Shares, 53,880,187,284 series B Shares, 85,718,479,770 series D Shares and 85,718,479,770 series L Shares, in the form of CPOs, and an additional 58,926,613,375 series A Shares, 2,357,207,692 series B Shares, 238,595 series D Shares and 238,595 series L Shares not in the form of CPOs. For financial reporting purposes under Mexican FRS only, the number of shares authorized, issued and outstanding as of May 31, 2008 was 59,193,648,400 series A Shares, 52,090,410,592 series B Shares, 82,871,107,760 series D Shares and 82,871,107,760 series L Shares in the form of CPOs, and an additional 52,915,848,965 series A Shares, 186,537 series B Shares, 238,541 series D Shares and 238,541 series L Shares not in the form of CPOs. The number of shares authorized, issued and outstanding for financial reporting purposes under Mexican FRS as of May 31, 2008 does not include: (i) 25,906,797 CPOs and an additional 516,887,975 series A Shares, 20,675,534 series B Shares, 25 series D Shares and 25 series L Shares not in the form of CPOs acquired by one of our subsidiaries, Televisa, S.A. de C.V., substantially all of which are currently held by the trust created to implement our stock purchase plan; and (ii) 55,446,689 CPOs and an additional 5,493,876,435 series A Shares, 2,336,345,621 series B Shares, 29 series D Shares and 29 series L Shares not in the form of CPOs acquired by the trust we created to implement our long-term retention plan. See Note 12 to our year-end financial statements.
 
(2)  
Except indirectly through the Stockholder Trust, none of our directors and executive officers currently beneficially owns more than 1% of our outstanding A Shares, L Shares or D Shares. See “Directors, Senior Management and Employees — Share Ownership of Directors and Officers”. This information is based on information provided by directors and executive officers.
 
(3)  
For a description of the Stockholder Trust, see “— The Major Stockholders” below.
 
(4)  
Based solely on information included in the report on Form 13F filed on March 31, 2008 by Davis Advisers.
 
(5)  
Based solely on information included in the report on Form 13F filed on March 31, 2008 by Dodge & Cox, Inc.
 
(6)  
Based solely on information included in the report on Form 13F filed on March 31, 2008 by AIM Trimark Investments.
 
(7)  
Based solely on information included in the report on Form 13F filed on March 31, 2008 by Fidelity Management & Research.
The Major Stockholders
Approximately 45.48% of the outstanding A Shares, 2.71% of the outstanding B Shares, 2.83% of the outstanding D Shares and 2.83% of the outstanding L Shares are held through the Stockholder Trust, including shares in the form of CPOs. The beneficiaries of the Stockholder Trust are a trust for the benefit of Emilio Azcárraga Jean, or the Azcárraga Trust, and a trust for the benefit of Promotora Inbursa, S.A. de C.V., or the Inbursa Trust. Promotora Inbursa, S.A. de C.V. is an indirect subsidiary of Grupo Financiero Inbursa, S.A.B. de C.V.

 

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On August 17, 2005, a trust for the benefit of María Asunción Aramburuzabala Larregui, Lucrecia Aramburuzabala Larregui de Fernández, Maria de las Nieves Fernández González, Antonino Fernández Rodríguez and Carlos Fernández González (the “Investor Trust”) released its Shares held in the Stockholder Trust, which represented 19.84% of the Shares held then through the Stockholder Trust. On July 1, 2005 the Inbursa Trust released 15,514,667,113 Shares from the Stockholder Trust, which represent two-thirds of the Shares it held through the Stockholder Trust before July 1, 2005.
The Azcárraga Trust beneficially owns 87.29% of the Televisa shares held through the Stockholder Trust, and the Inbursa Trust beneficially owns 12.71% of the Televisa shares held through the Stockholder Trust.
The Televisa shares held through the Stockholder Trust are voted by the trustee as instructed by a Technical Committee comprising five members — three appointed by the Azcárraga Trust and one appointed by each of the Inbursa Trust and the Investor Trust. On August 17, 2005, the Investor Trust released all of its shares held in the Stockholder Trust. Accordingly, the Investor Trust is no longer entitled to appoint a member of the Technical Committee. Therefore, decisions by the Technical Committee shall be approved by members appointed by the Azcárraga Trust and the Inbursa Trust. Accordingly, except as described below, Emilio Azcárraga Jean will control the voting of the shares held through the Stockholder Trust. In elections of directors, the Technical Committee will instruct the trustee to vote the A Shares held through the Stockholder Trust for individuals designated by Mr. Azcárraga Jean. The A Shares held through the Stockholder Trust constitute a majority of the A Shares whose holders are entitled to vote them, because non-Mexican holders of CPOs and GDSs are not permitted by law to vote the underlying A Shares. Accordingly, so long as non-Mexicans own more than a minimal number of A Shares, Mr. Azcárraga Jean will have the ability to direct the election of eleven out of 20 members of our Board and in addition, since he controls the majority of A Shares, certain key matters including dividend payments, mergers, spin-offs, changes in corporate purpose, changes of nationality and amendments to the anti-takeover provisions of our bylaws require his vote in favor.
Pursuant to Televisa’s bylaws, holders of Series B shares are entitled to elect five out of 20 members of the Board of Directors. The Stockholder Trust regulates the manner in which stockholders participating in such trust are entitled to propose nominees as members of the Board of Directors to be elected by holders of Series B Shares. In accordance with the Stockholder Trust, the five nominees for which the trustee will vote the B Shares held by the Stockholder Trust are proposed by the stockholders participating in the Stockholder Trust, as follows (i) Emilio Azcárraga Jean is entitled to propose two nominees to be members of the Board of Directors elected by Series B Shares; (ii) the Investors Trust was entitled to propose one nominee, so long as the shares it held through the Stockholder Trust constituted more than 2% of the total issued and outstanding Televisa shares, however, on August 17, 2005, the Investor Trust released all of its shares held through the Stockholder Trust; and (iii) until the Inbursa Trust is entitled to release all its Televisa shares from the Stockholder Trust, and so long as the shares it holds through the Stockholder Trust constitute more than 2% of the total issued and outstanding Televisa shares, the Inbursa Trust will be entitled to propose two nominees. In the event that one of the nominees proposed by the Inbursa Trust is not elected to our Board of Directors, then so long as Mr. Azcárraga Jean has the ability to direct the election of 11 Board members, the A Shares held through the Stockholder Trust will be voted for one individual nominated by the Inbursa Trust to serve on our Board.
Because the B Shares held through the Stockholder Trust constitute only 2.71% of the total B Shares outstanding, there can be no assurance that individuals nominated by the Stockholder Trust beneficiaries will be elected to our Board.
Pursuant to the arrangements constituting the Stockholder Trust, Emilio Azcárraga Jean agreed to consult with the Inbursa Trust and the Investor Trust as to the voting of shares held through the Stockholder Trust on matters specifically set forth in the Stockholder Trust agreement, including increases or reductions in the capital stock of Televisa; merger, split-up, dissolution, liquidation or bankruptcy proceedings of Televisa; related party transactions, extensions of credit or share repurchases, in each case exceeding specified thresholds; and selection of the chairman of Televisa’s Board of Directors, if different from Emilio Azcárraga Jean. Due to the Investor Trust releasing all the Shares it held through the Stockholder Trust on August 17, 2005, Emilio Azcárraga Jean is no longer obligated to consult on these matters with the Investor Trust. If the Inbursa Trust requests that shares be voted in a particular way on such a matter, and Mr. Azcárraga Jean declines to do so, the Inbursa Trust may immediately release its Televisa shares from the Stockholder Trust. These consultation rights will terminate if the Inbursa Trust ceases to be party to the Stockholder Trust or if it owns less than 2% of the total capital stock of Televisa.
The beneficiaries of the Stockholder Trust will have only limited rights to transfer or pledge their trust interests without the consent of the other trust beneficiaries, but they may transfer freely to affiliated parties as defined in the Stockholder Trust Agreement.

 

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Except for two million CPOs which were released to the Fernández family immediately upon the completion of the Recapitalization, the Stockholder Trust beneficiaries were not permitted to release shares from the trust before July 1, 2005. Beginning July 1, 2005, the Investor Trust was permitted to release or sell any or all of its Shares from the Stockholder Trust. On August 17, 2005 the Investor Trust released all its Shares held in the Stockholder Trust. On January 13, 2006, a group of stockholders led by María Asunción Aramburuzabala Larregui, sold approximately 60 million of our CPOs which were formerly held by the Investor Trust.
Beginning on July 1, 2005, the Inbursa Trust was allowed to release or sell up to two-thirds of its Shares held in the Stockholder Trust and beginning on July 1, 2009 it will be allowed to release or sell its remaining Shares held in the Stockholder Trust. On July 1, 2005 the Inbursa Trust released 15,514,667,113 Shares from the Stockholders Trust, which represented two-thirds of the Shares it held through the Stockholders Trust before July 1, 2005.
In addition, as described above, if the Inbursa Trust requests that Shares be voted in a particular way on any matter specifically set forth in the Stockholder Trust Agreement, and Mr. Azcárraga Jean declines to do so, the Inbursa Trust may immediately release its Shares.
Related Party Transactions
Transactions and Arrangements With Innova.  In 2005, 2006 and 2007, we engaged in, and we expect that we will continue to engage in, transactions with Innova, including, without limitation, the transaction described below. We hold a 58.7% equity interest in Innova through a consolidated joint venture with DIRECTV. Beginning April 1, 2004, we began including the assets, liabilities and results of operations of Innova in our consolidated financial statements (see Note 1(b) to our year-end financial statements). Although we hold a majority of Innova’s equity, DIRECTV has significant governance rights, including the right to block any transaction between us and Innova.
Capital Contributions and Loans
Programming.  Pursuant to an agreement between us and Innova, we have granted Innova exclusive DTH rights to some program services in Mexico. Innova paid us Ps.420.2 million, Ps.683.4 million and Ps.791.4 million for these rights in 2005, 2006 and 2007, respectively. Innova currently pays the rates paid by third party providers of cable television, subject to certain exceptions, and MMDS services in Mexico for our various programming services. In addition, pursuant to the agreement and subject to certain exceptions, we cannot charge Innova higher rates than the rates that we charge third party providers of cable television and MMDS services in Mexico for our various programming services.
In 2005 Innova, purchased from Televisa certain rights to the 2006 Soccer World Cup, including the rights to air all 64 games of the World Cup, out of which 34 were exclusively available to Sky subscribers. The cost of these rights plus production costs amounted to U.S.$19.0 million.
Advertising Services.  Innova purchased magazine advertising space and television and radio advertising time from us in connection with the promotion of its DTH satellite services in 2005, 2006 and 2007, and we expect that Innova will continue to do so in the future. For television, radio and magazine advertising, Innova paid and will continue to pay the rates applicable to third party advertisers. Innova paid Ps.148.4 million, Ps.155.6 million and Ps.176.7 million for advertising services in 2005, 2006 and 2007, respectively.
Guarantees.  We have guaranteed a portion of Innova’s payments to Intelsat Corporation (formerly PanAmSat Corporation) for transponder services on satellite IS-9 (formerly PAS-9). Our guarantee is currently limited to 58.7% of Innova’s obligations under the transponder lease. Innova is obligated to pay a monthly service fee of U.S.$1.7 million to PanAmSat for satellite signal reception and retransmission service from transponders on the IS-9 satellite through September 2015. As of December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007, we had guaranteed payments in the amount of U.S.$101.4 million and U.S.$104.8 million and U.S.$92.8 million respectively, which represented 51% of Innova’s obligations to PanAmSat at the end of each of 2005 and 2006 and 58.7% of Innova’s obligations to Intelsat Corporation (formerly PanAmSat Corporation) at the end of 2006 and at the end of 2007. See “Information on the Company – Business Overview— DTH Joint Ventures”. See Note 11 to our year-end financial statements. If Innova does not pay these fees in a timely manner, we will be required to pay our proportionate share of its obligations to Intelsat. We have also guaranteed 100% of Corporación Novavision, S. de R.L. de C.V.’s payment obligation under both the Ps.2.1 billion, 8.3-year bank loan with Banamex, as well as the Ps.1.4 billion, 8.3-year bank loan with Banco Santander Serfin, S.A.

 

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In July 2005, we entered into a long-term credit agreement with Innova in the aggregate principal amount of Ps.1,012,000, with a partial maturity (50%) in 2010 and the remainder in 2011, and interest of 10.55% per annum payable on a monthly basis. The proceeds from the credit agreement were used to prepay all of the outstanding amounts under a long-term credit agreement entered into in December 2004 between Innova and a Mexican bank in the same principal amount, and with the same maturity and interest conditions. In November 2005, Innova prepaid Ps.512 million of this loan at par and no penalty was incurred. In November 2006, Innova prepaid the Ps.500.0 million outstanding amount of this loan. No penalties were incurred and the payment was done with Innova’s cash on hand.
Tax Sharing Agreement.  We have a tax sharing agreement with Innova, which sets forth certain of our rights and obligations, as well as those of Innova, with respect to Innova’s liability for federal income and asset taxes imposed under Mexican tax laws. We received an authorization from Mexican tax authorities to include Innova’s results in our consolidated tax return for purposes of determining our income and asset taxes. Tax profits or losses obtained by Innova are consolidated with our tax profits or losses up to 100% of our percentage ownership of Innova, which is currently 58.7%. Pursuant to the tax sharing agreement, in no event shall Innova be required to remit to us an amount in respect of its federal income and asset taxes that is in excess of the product of (x) the amount that Innova would be required to pay on an individual basis, as if Innova had filed a separate tax return, and (y) with respect to asset and income taxes, our direct or indirect percentage ownership of Innova’s capital stock.
For additional information concerning transactions with Innova, as well as amounts paid to us by Innova pursuant to these transactions in 2005, see Note 16 to our year-end financial statements and Note 9 to Innova’s year-end financial statements. See also “Information on the Company — Business Overview — DTH Joint Ventures — Mexico and Central America”.
Transactions and Arrangements with MCOP.  In November 2005, DIRECTV purchased all of our equity interest in MCOP, a DTH non-consolidated joint venture in Latin America outside of Mexico and Brazil.
Transactions and Arrangements with TechCo.  In October 2005, DIRECTV purchased all of our equity interest in TechCo, our U.S. partnership formed to provide certain technical services from a main uplink facility in Miami Lakes, Florida and a redundancy site in Port St. Lucie, Florida. Prior to such sale, in 2003, 2004 and 2005, we engaged in transactions with TechCo, including, without limitation, the transaction described below.
Guarantees.  Until October 2005, we guaranteed 36% of TechCo’s payments in respect of its capital lease obligations. TechCo was obligated to make payments under its capital leases with various maturities between 2005 and 2007 for an aggregate amount of U.S.$27.4 million in respect of its capital lease obligations. As of December 31, 2004, we had guaranteed payments by TechCo in the aggregate amount of U.S.$9.9 million.
For additional information concerning transactions with TechCo, see Note 2 to our year-end financial statements. See also “Information on the Company — Business Overview — DTH Joint Ventures — Mexico and Central America”.
Transactions and Arrangements With Univision.  In 2005, 2006 and 2007 we engaged in, and we expect that we will continue to engage in, certain transactions with Univision. Until March 2007, we owned 39,289,534 shares and warrants representing an approximate 11.3% equity stake in Univision, on a fully diluted basis. For a description of programming and other agreements between us and Univision, as well as royalties paid to us by Univision pursuant to programming agreements, see “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — Results of Operations — Total Segment Results — Programming Exports”, “Information on the Company – Business Overview— Univision” and Note 16 to our year end financial statements.
In April 2006, we designated Ricardo Maldonado Yaez, Secretary to our Board of Directors, as a director of Univision. As of the closing of the acquisition of Univision on March 29, 2007, we lost our right to designate a member to the board of directors of Univision. Accordingly, Ricardo Maldonado Yaez resigned from the Univision board of directors.
Transactions and Arrangements With Vuela. In 2007, Editorial Televisa, our subsidiary, entered into an agreement with Vuela pursuant to which Vuela distributes five different magazines edited and produced by Editorial Televisa. Under this agreement, Vuela distributes these magazines at no cost to its clients, in boarding terminals at airports located in the Mexican territory and on its airplanes. Televisa pays Vuela 10% of the net advertising sales generated by these magazines. We believe that such percentage is comparable to the amounts paid to third parties in similar types of transactions.
Pursuant to a license agreement between Televisa and Vuela, we granted Vuela the right to broadcast some of our television programs in the audio and video systems installed in Vuela’s aircrafts, facilities, and vehicles. Under this license agreement Vuela pays Televisa a monthly royalty in the amount of Ps.100,000. In addition, Televisa entered into an agreement with Vuela pursuant to which Televisa sells airplane screen advertising to be aired in the audio and video systems installed in Vuela’s aircrafts. Televisa pays Vuela a monthly fixed consideration of Ps.100,000 and a variable consideration of 15% of the revenues obtained by Televisa from such airplane screen sales. During 2007, Televisa paid Vuela the amount of Ps.597,853.80 as variable consideration under such agreement. We believe that such amount is comparable to those paid to third parties in these types of transactions.

 

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We entered into a lease agreement with Vuela pursuant to which Vuela leases approximately 2,000 meters of the real estate adjacent to our principal headquarters in Santa Fe, Mexico City. Under this lease agreement, Vuela pays Televisa a monthly fixed consideration of U.S.$8,538 and an additional variable consideration of approximately U.S.$10,673 depending on the total fraction actually used by Vuela during each month. We believe that such amounts are comparable to those paid to third parties in these types of transactions.
Transactions and Arrangements With Our Directors and Officers. We invested Ps.55 million (approximately U.S.$5 million) in the equity of Centros de Conocimiento Tecnológico, or CCT, a company that builds, owns and operates technological schools in Mexico and in which Claudio X. Gonzalez Laporte and Carlos Fernandez Gonzalez, two of our directors, own a minority interest. We currently hold 15% of the equity of CCT.
Certain of our executive officers have in the past, and from time to time in the future may, purchase debt securities issued by us and/or Innova from third parties in negotiated transactions. Certain of our executive officers and directors participate in our stock purchase plan and Long-Term Retention Plan. See “Directors, Senior Management and Employees — Stock Purchase Plan” and “—Long-Term Retention Plan.”
Transactions and Arrangements With Affiliates and Related Parties of Our Directors, Officers and Major Stockholders
Production Services.  FV Productions, LLC., a television production company owned by Ultra Enterprises, Inc. and Ultra Enterprises II, LLC, provides, from time to time, production services as required by Televisa, S.A. de C.V. Ultra Enterprises, Inc. and Ultra Enterprises II, LLC are currently controlled by Grupo Televicentro, S.A. de C.V., or Televicentro, where Mr. Emilio Azcárraga Jean, our Chief Executive Officer, President and Chairman of the Board, acts as a sole stockholder. FV Productions, LLC has provided Televisa the following production services: (i) during 2004, production services for the production of a telenovela entitled “Inocente de Ti”, which consisted of 135 episodes and had a cost of U.S.$5,640,482.76; (ii) during 2004 and ending in 2005, production services for the production of a telenovela entitled “El Amor no Tiene Precio”, which consisted of 279 episodes and had a cost of U.S.$11,280,007.00; (iii) during 2006 and ending in 2007, production services for the production of a telenovela entitled “Las Dos Caras de Ana”, which consisted of 120 episodes and had a cost of U.S.$7,711,682.00 and (iv) during 2007, production services for the production of the telenovela entitled “Bajo Las Riendas del Amor”, which consists of 150 episodes and had a cost of U.S.$14,041,532. We believe that the fees paid by Televisa to FV Productions, LLC for the referred production services are comparable to those paid to third parties for these types of services. In addition, in June 2004, Televicentro granted Televisa a call option to require Televicentro to sell and Televisa granted Televicentro a put option to require Televisa to purchase, shares representing all of the outstanding equity interest of Ultra Enterprises, Inc. owned by Televicentro or by its subsidiary TVC Holdings U.S.A., LLC at the time of exercise of the option. The options may be exercised at any time prior to June 30, 2009 for a price equal to 3.6 times the average of the operating income before depreciation and amortization of Ultra Enterprises, Inc. for the two years prior to the exercise of the option.
Consulting Services.  Instituto de Investigaciones Sociales, S.C., a consulting firm which is controlled by Ariana Azcárraga De Surmont, the sister of Emilio Azcárraga Jean, has, from time to time during 2005, 2006 and 2007 provided consulting services and research in connection with the effects of our programming, especially telenovelas, on our viewing audience. Instituto de Investigaciones Sociales, S.C. has provided us with such services in 2007, and we expect to continue these arrangements through 2008.
Distribution Services.  Until 2007, Intermex, our subsidiary, distributed magazines edited and produced by Compañía Editorial Cinemania, S.A. de C.V., a company in which the brother-in-law of Emilio Azcarraga Jean has a 30% participation. Compañía Editorial Cinemania, S.A. de C.V. paid Intermex 42% of the net sales of the magazines, based on the sale price of the magazines. We believe that such percentage is comparable to those paid to third parties in this type of transaction.
Loans from Banamex.  From time to time in the past and in 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 and 2007, Banamex made loans to us, Televicentro and several other of our affiliates and we expect that this will continue to be the case in the future. These loans were made to us, Televicentro and our affiliates, including Innova and its subsidiary, Corporación Novavisión, S. de R.L. de C.V., on terms substantially similar to those offered by Banamex to third parties. Emilio Azcárraga Jean, our Chief Executive Officer, President and Chairman of the Board, is a member of the Board of Banamex. One of our directors, Roberto Hernández Ramírez, is the Chairman of the Board of Banamex. Mr. Hernández was also a member of the Board of, and the beneficial owner of less than 1% of the outstanding capital stock of, Citigroup, Inc., the entity that indirectly controls Banamex. Lorenzo H. Zambrano Trevio, one of our directors, is also a member of the Board of Banamex. For a description of amounts outstanding under, and the terms of, our existing credit facilities with Banamex, see “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — Results of Operations — Liquidity, Foreign Exchange and Capital Resources — Indebtedness”.

 

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Advertising Services.  Two of our directors, María Asunción Aramburuzabala Larregui and Carlos Fernández González, and one of our alternate directors, Lucrecia Aramburuzabala Larregui, are members of the Board of, as well as stockholders of, Grupo Modelo, S.A.B. de C.V., or Grupo Modelo, the leading producer, distributor and exporter of beer in Mexico. Carlos Fernández González also serves as the Chief Executive Officer of Grupo Modelo. Alfonso de Angoitia Noriega, Director of the Company, is also a member of the board of directors of Grupo Modelo. Grupo Modelo purchased advertising services from us in connection with the promotion of its products from time to time in 2005, 2006 and 2007, and we expect that this will continue to be the case in the future. Grupo Modelo paid and will continue to pay rates applicable to third party advertisers for these advertising services.
During 2007, Editorial Televisa, our subsidiary, entered into advertising agreements with Comercializadora IMU, S.A. de C.V., or IMU, a company controlled by the brother-in-law of Emilio Azcárraga Jean, whereby IMU provides advertising services to Editorial Televisa by promoting magazines edited by Editorial Televisa, at billboards installed at bus stops. Editorial Televisa pays IMU the amount of Ps.8.8 million for such services. Likewise, Editorial Televisa entered into an advertising agreement with IMU whereby Editorial Televisa promotes IMU’s products and/or services in the magazines it edits. IMU pays Televisa the amount of Ps.4.4 million for such services. We believe that the terms and conditions of these advertising agreements are on arm’s length basis.
Several other members of our current Board serve as members of the Boards and/or stockholders of other companies. See “Directors, Senior Management and Employees”. Some of these companies, including Banamex, Kimberly-Clark de México, S.A.B. de C.V., Grupo Financiero Santander, S.A.B. de C.V., FEMSA and Teléfonos de México, S.A.B. de C.V., among others, purchased advertising services from us in connection with the promotion of their respective products and services from time to time in 2005, 2006 and 2007, and we expect that this will continue to be the case in the future. Similarly, Alejandro Quintero Iñiguez, a member of the Board and the Executive Committee of Grupo Televisa, S.A.B. and our Corporate Vice President of Sales and Marketing, is a stockholder and member of the Board of Grupo TV Promo, S.A. de C.V., or Grupo TV Promo and TV Promo, S.A. de C.V., or TV Promo. Grupo TV Promo and TV Promo are Mexican companies which render services of publicity, promotion and advertisement to third parties; these entities act as licensees of the Company for the use and exploitation of certain images and/or trademarks of shows and novelas produced by the Company; and produce promotional campaigns and events for the Company and for some of the Company’s clients. Grupo TV Promo and TV Promo jointly with other entities in which Mr. Alejandro Quintero has a direct and/or indirect participation, such as Producción y Creatividad Musical, S.A. de C.V. and TV Promo International, Inc. have purchased and will continue to purchase advertising services from us, some of which are referred to the aforementioned promotional campaigns. The companies described above pay rates applicable to third party advertisers that purchase unsold advertising services, which are lower than the rates paid by advertisers that purchase advertising in advance or at regular rates. Alejandro Quintero does not currently receive any form of compensation from Grupo TV Promo and/or TV Promo, other than dividends to which he may be entitled to receive as stockholder, as the case may be. During 2006 and 2007, TV Promo purchased unsold advertising from Televisa for a total of Ps.166.7 million and Ps. 160.0 million, respectively.
Agency Services.  From July 2005 to October 2007, Maximedios Alternativos, S.A. de C.V., or Maximedios, a Mexican company, was Televisa’s sales agent for the sale of in-store television advertising, airplane screen advertising, sponsorship of our soccer teams, as well as pay-TV advertising sales (which includes Innova, Televisa Networks, and Cablevisión). Televisa, Innova, Televisa Networks and Cablevisión, respectively paid Maximedios 15% of the revenues from advertising sales made on their behalf and Televisa paid Maximedios 15% of the revenues from airplane screen sales and in-store advertising and 5% of the revenues from sponsorships. Alejandro Quintero Iñiguez, a member of the Board and the Executive Committee of Grupo Televisa, S.A.B. and our Corporate Vice President of Sales and Marketing jointly with other members of his family, are majority stockholders and members of the Board of Grupo TV Promo, S.A. de C.V. and Producción y Creatividad Musical, S.A. de C.V., companies that have a majority interest in Maximedios.

 

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Alejandro Quintero does not currently receive any form of compensation from Maximedios, other than dividends to which he may be entitled to receive as indirect stockholder. During 2006 and 2007, Televisa and the aforementioned affiliates, paid Maximedios the amount of Ps.114.0 million and Ps.49.6 million, respectively, as sales commissions. We believe that such amount is comparable to those paid to third parties for these types of services.
Legal and Advisory Services.  During 2005, 2006 and 2007, Mijares, Angoitia, Cortés y Fuentes, S.C., a Mexican law firm, provided us with legal and advisory services, and we expect that this will continue to be the case in the future. Alfonso de Angoitia Noriega, a partner on leave of absence from the law firm of Mijares, Angoitia, Cortés y Fuentes, S.C., is one of our directors, a member of our Executive Committee, an Executive Vice President and was a member of the Related Party Transactions Committee. Alfonso de Angoitia Noriega does not currently receive any form of compensation from, or participates in any way in the profits of, Mijares, Angoitia, Cortés y Fuentes, S.C. Ricardo Maldonado Yáez, a partner from the law firm of Mijares, Angoitia, Cortés y Fuentes, S.C., serves also as Secretary of our Board of Directors and Secretary to the Executive Committee of our Board of Directors. We believe that the fees we paid for these services were comparable to those that we would have paid another law firm for similar services. See Note 16 to our year-end financial statements.
Potential Sale of Property. During 2006 and 2007, Maximiliano Arteaga Carlebach, Vice President of Operations of Televisa, purchased from Televisa two lots we owned in the residential zone of Playas del Conchal, in Alvarado, Veracruz, for Ps. 2.5 million in the aggregate.
We recently entered into a purchase agreement with Icon Servicios Administrativos, S. de R.L. de C.V., or Icon, related to a sale to Icon of a portion of the real estate adjacent to our principal headquarters in Santa Fe, Mexico City for a purchase price preliminarily estimated to be approximately U.S.$80.0 million. A stockholder of Icon is Mr. Adolfo Fastlicht Kurian, the brother-in-law of Mr. Emilio Azcárraga Jean, our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board. This sale is still subject to a number of closing conditions and regulatory approvals as well as obtaining a third party appraisal.

 

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Item 8. Financial Information
See “Item 18 — Financial Statements” and pages F-1 through F-55, which are incorporated herein by reference.
Item 9. The Offer and Listing
Trading History of CPOs and GDSs
Since December 1993, the GDSs have been traded on the NYSE and the CPOs have been traded on the Mexican Stock Exchange. In September 2007, we removed JPMorgan Chase Bank as the depository for the GDSs and appointed The Bank of New York pursuant to a new deposit agreement.
The table below shows, for the periods indicated, the high and low market prices in nominal Pesos for the CPOs on the Mexican Stock Exchange, giving effect to the March 1, 2000 10-for-1 stock split in all cases.
                 
    Nominal Pesos per CPO(1)  
    High     Low  
2003
  Ps. 23.56     Ps. 12.63  
2004
  Ps. 34.93     Ps. 22.22  
2005
  Ps. 44.13     Ps. 29.20  
2006
  Ps. 60.88     Ps. 37.67  
First Quarter
    44.96       40.49  
Second Quarter
    49.72       37.67  
Third Quarter
    47.00       39.89  
Fourth Quarter
    60.88       46.17  
December
    60.88       58.22  
2007
  Ps. 68.10     Ps. 48.29  
First Quarter
    66.68       58.99  
Second Quarter
    68.10       57.19  
Third Quarter
    62.06       52.50  
Fourth Quarter
    57.43       48.29  
December
    54.29       51.66  
2008 (through June 24, 2008)
    57.35       44.81  
First Quarter
    52.91       44.81  
January
    50.90       44.81  
February
    49.93       45.32  
March
    52.91       45.76  
Second Quarter (through June 24, 2008)
    57.35       47.68  
April
    54.35       48.72  
May
    57.35       51.74  
June (through June 24, 2008)
    54.37       47.68  
 
     
(1)  
Source: Mexican Stock Exchange.

 

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The table below shows, for the periods indicated, the high and low market prices in U.S. Dollars for the GDSs on the NYSE, giving effect to the March 22, 2006 1:4 GDS ratio change in all cases.
                 
    U.S. Dollars per GDS(1)  
    High     Low  
2003
  U.S.$ 10.5675     U.S.$ 5.815  
2004
  U.S.$ 15.6625     U.S.$ 9.8075  
2005
  U.S.$ 20.775     U.S.$ 13.1875  
2006
  U.S.$ 28.20     U.S.$ 16.38  
First Quarter
    21.35       18.77  
Second Quarter
    22.87       16.38  
Third Quarter
    21.51       18.11  
Fourth Quarter
    28.20       21.13  
December
    28.20       26.65  
2007
  U.S.$ 31.14     U.S.$ 22.04  
First Quarter
    30.12       26.35  
Second Quarter
    31.14       26.35  
Third Quarter
    28.89       23.48  
Fourth Quarter
    26.59       22.04  
December
    25.47       23.72  
2008 (through June 24, 2008)
  U.S.$ 27.68     U.S.$ 20.85  
First Quarter
    24.77       20.85  
January
    23.77       20.85  
February
    23.16       21.07  
March
    24.77       20.97  
Second Quarter (through June 24, 2008)
    27.68       23.90  
April
    26.04       23.32  
May
    27.68       24.91  
June (through June 24, 2008)
    26.30       23.90  
 
     
(1)  
Source: NYSE.
Trading prices of the CPOs and the GDSs will be influenced by our results of operations, financial condition, cash requirements, future prospects and by economic, financial and other factors and market conditions. See “Key Information — Risk Factors — Risk Factors Related to Mexico — Economic and Political Developments in Mexico May Adversely Affect Our Business.” There can be no assurance that prices of the CPOs and the GDSs will, in future, be within the ranges set forth above. We believe that as of June 23, 2008, approximately 333,861,439 GDSs were held of record by 114 persons with U.S. addresses. Before giving effect to the Recapitalization, substantially all of the outstanding A Shares not held through CPOs were owned by Televicentro and a special purpose trust created for our Long Term Retention Plan, as described under “Major Stockholders and Related Party Transactions” and “Directors, Senior Management and Employees — Long-Term Retention Plan.”
Trading on the Mexican Stock Exchange
Overview
The Mexican Stock Exchange, located in Mexico City, is the only stock exchange in Mexico. Operating continuously since 1907, the Mexican Stock Exchange is organized as a corporation with variable capital, or sociedad anónima de capital variable. Securities trading on the Mexican Stock Exchange occurs from 8:30 a.m. to 3:00 p.m., Mexico City time, each business day. Since January 1999, all trading on the Mexican Stock Exchange has been effected electronically. The Mexican Stock Exchange may impose a number of measures to promote an orderly and transparent trading price of securities, including the operation of a system of automatic suspension of trading in shares of a particular issuer when price fluctuation exceeds certain limits. The Mexican Stock Exchange may also suspend trading in shares of a particular issuer as a result of the disclosure of a material event, or when the changes in the volume traded or share price are not consistent with either the historic performance or information publicly available. The Mexican Stock Exchange may resume trading in the shares when it deems that the material events have been adequately disclosed to public investors or when it deems that the issuer has adequately explained the reasons for the changes in the volume traded or prevailing share price. Under current regulations, in certain cases when the relevant securities are simultaneously traded on a stock exchange outside of Mexico, the Mexican Stock Exchange may consider the measures adopted by the other stock exchange in order to suspend and/or resume trading in the issuer’s shares.
Settlement is effected two business days after a share transaction on the Mexican Stock Exchange. Deferred settlement, even by mutual agreement, is not permitted without the approval of the CNBV. Most securities traded on the Mexican Stock Exchange, including the CPOs, are on deposit with S.D. Indeval, S.A. de C.V., Institución para el Depósito de Valores, or Indeval, a privately owned securities depositary that acts as a clearinghouse, depositary and custodian, as well as a settlement, transfer and registration agent for Mexican Stock Exchange transactions, eliminating the need for physical transfer of securities.
Although the Mexican Securities Market Law provides for the existence of an over-the-counter market, no such market for securities in Mexico has been developed.

 

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Market Regulation and Registration Standards
In 1946, the Comisión Nacional de Valores, or the National Securities Commission, commonly known as the CNV, was established to regulate stock market activity. In 1995, the CNV and the Comisión Nacional Bancaria, or the National Banking Commission, were merged to form the CNBV. The Mexican Securities Market Law, which took effect in 1975, introduced important structural changes to the Mexican financial system, including the organization of brokerage firms as corporations with variable capital, or sociedades anónimas de capital variable. The Mexican Securities Market Law sets standards for authorizing companies to operate as brokerage firms, which authorization is granted at the discretion of the Ministry of Finance upon the recommendation of the CNBV. In addition to setting standards for brokerage firms, the Mexican Securities Market Law empowers the CNBV, among other things, to regulate the public offering and trading of securities and to impose sanctions for the illegal use of insider information. The CNBV regulates the Mexican securities market, the Mexican Stock Exchange and brokerage firms through a board of governors composed of thirteen members, five of which are appointed by the Ministry of Finance.
In June 2001, the Mexican Securities Market Law required issuers to increase the protections offered to minority stockholders and to impose corporate governance controls on Mexican listed companies in line with international standards. The Mexican Securities Market Law then in effect expressly permitted Mexican listed companies, with prior authorization from the CNBV, to include in their bylaws anti-takeover defenses such as stockholder rights plans, or poison pills. We amended our bylaws to include certain of these protections at our general extraordinary stockholders’ meeting, which was held on April 30, 2002. See “Additional Information — Bylaws — Other Provisions — Appraisal Rights and Other Minority Protections” and “Additional Information — Bylaws —Antitakeover Protections.”
To offer securities to the public in Mexico, an issuer must meet specific qualitative and quantitative requirements, and generally only securities for which an application for registration in the National Registry of Securities, or NRS, maintained by the CNBV has been approved by the CNBV may be listed on the Mexican Stock Exchange. This approval does not imply any kind of certification or assurance related to the merits or the quality of the securities or the solvency of the issuer.
In March 2003, the CNBV issued general rules, or General CNBV Rules, applicable to issuers and other securities market participants. The General CNBV Rules, which repealed several previously enacted rules, or circulares, of the CNBV, now provide a single set of rules governing issuers and issuer activity, among other things.
The General CNBV Rules have mandated that the Mexican Stock Exchange adopt minimum requirements for issuers to be registered with the CNBV and have their securities listed on the Mexican Stock Exchange. To be registered, issuers will be required to have, among other things:
   
a minimum number of years of operating history;
   
a minimum financial condition;
   
a minimum number of shares or CPOs to be publicly offered to public investors;
   
a minimum price for the securities to be offered;
   
a minimum of 15% of the capital stock placed among public investors;
   
a minimum of 200 holders of shares or of shares represented by CPOs, who are deemed to be public investors under the General CNBV Rules, upon the completion of the offering;
   
the following distribution of the securities offered pursuant to an offering in Mexico: (i) at least 50% of the total number of securities offered must be placed among investors who acquire less than 5% of the total number of securities offered; and (ii) no investor may acquire more than 40% of the total number of securities offered; and
 
   
complied with certain corporate governance requirements.

 

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To maintain its registration, an issuer will be required to have, among other things:
   
a minimum financial condition;
 
   
minimum operating conditions, including a minimum number of trades;
 
   
a minimum trading price of its securities;
 
   
a minimum of 12% of the capital stock held by public investors;
 
   
a minimum of 100 holders of shares or of shares represented by CPOs who are deemed to be public investors under the General CNBV Rules; and
 
   
complied with certain corporate governance requirements.
The CNBV has the authority to waive some of these requirements in some circumstances. Also, some of these requirements are applicable for each series of shares of the relevant issuer.
The Mexican Stock Exchange will review annually compliance with the foregoing and other requirements, some of which may be further reviewed on a quarterly or semi-annual basis. The Mexican Stock Exchange must inform the CNBV of the results of its review and this information must, in turn, be disclosed to investors. If an issuer fails to comply with any of the foregoing requirements, the Mexican Stock Exchange will request that the issuer propose a plan to cure the violation. If the issuer fails to propose such plan, if the plan is not satisfactory to the Mexican Stock Exchange or if the issuer does not make substantial progress with respect to the corrective measures, trading of the relevant series of shares on the Mexican Stock Exchange will be temporarily suspended until the situation is corrected. In addition, if the issuer fails to propose the plan or ceases to follow such plan once proposed, the CNBV may suspend or cancel the registration of the shares. In such event, the issuer must evidence the mechanisms to protect the rights of public investors and market in general.
Issuers of listed securities are required to file unaudited quarterly financial statements and audited annual financial statements as well as various periodic reports with the CNBV and the Mexican Stock Exchange. Pursuant to the General CNBV Rules, the internal regulations of the Mexican Stock Exchange must be amended to include, among other things, the implementation of the Sistema Electrónico de Envío y Difusión de Información, or the SEDI, an automated system for the electronic transfer of the information required to be filed with the Mexican Stock Exchange, which will be similar to, but will replace, the existing Sistema Electrónico de Comunicación con Emisores de Valores, or EMISNET. Issuers of listed securities must prepare and disclose their financial information by a Mexican Stock Exchange-approved system known as the Sistema de Información Financiera Computarizada, or Computerized Financial Information System, commonly known as the SIFIC. Immediately upon its receipt, the Mexican Stock Exchange makes that information available to the public.
The General CNBV Rules and the internal regulations of the Mexican Stock Exchange require issuers of listed securities to file through the SEDI information on the occurrence of material events affecting the relevant issuer. Material events include, but are not limited to:
   
the entering into or termination of joint venture agreements or agreements with key suppliers;
 
   
the creation of new lines of businesses or services;
 
   
significant deviations in expected or projected operating performance;
 
   
the restructuring or payment of significant indebtedness;
 
   
material litigation or labor conflicts;
 
   
changes in dividend policy;
 
   
the commencement of any insolvency, suspension or bankruptcy proceedings;
 
   
changes in the directors; and
 
   
any other event that may have a material adverse effect on the results, financial condition or operations of the relevant issuer.

 

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If there is unusual price volatility of the securities listed, the Mexican Stock Exchange must immediately request that the issuer inform the public as to the causes of such volatility or, if the issuer is unaware of such causes, make a statement to that effect. In addition, the Mexican Stock Exchange must immediately request that issuers disclose any information relating to relevant material events, when it deems the information currently disclosed to be insufficient, as well as instruct issuers to clarify such information when it deems the information to be confusing. The Mexican Stock Exchange may request issuers to confirm or deny any material events that have been disclosed to the public by third parties when it deems that the material event may affect or influence the securities being traded. The Mexican Stock Exchange must immediately inform the CNBV of any requests made to issuers. The CNBV may also make any of these requests directly to issuers. An issuer may delay the disclosure of material events under some circumstances, including where the information being offered is not related to transactions that have been completed.
The CNBV and the Mexican Stock Exchange may suspend the dealing in securities of an issuer:
   
if the issuer does not adequately disclose a material event; or
 
   
upon price or volume volatility or changes in the offer or demand in respect of the relevant securities, which are not consistent with the historic performance of the securities and could not be explained solely by the information made publicly available under the General CNBV Rules.
The Mexican Stock Exchange must immediately inform the CNBV and the general public of any such suspension. An issuer may request that the CNBV or the Mexican Stock Exchange resume trading, provided it demonstrates that the causes triggering the suspension have been resolved and that it is in full compliance with the periodic reporting requirements under the applicable law. If its request has been granted, the Mexican Stock Exchange will determine the appropriate mechanism to resume trading in its securities. If trading of an issuer is suspended for more than 20 business days and the issuer is authorized to resume trading without conducting a public offering, the issuer must disclose through the SEDI, before trading resumes, a description of the causes that resulted in the suspension and reasons why it is now authorized to resume trading.
Likewise, if the securities of an issuer are traded on both the Mexican Stock Exchange and a foreign securities market, that issuer must file with the CNBV and the Mexican Stock Exchange on a simultaneous basis the information that it is required to file pursuant to the laws and regulations of the relevant other jurisdiction.
Pursuant to the Mexican Securities Market Law, stockholders of issuers listed on the Mexican Stock Exchange must disclose any transactions through or outside of the Mexican Stock Exchange that result in exceeding 10% ownership stake of an issuer’s capital stock. These stockholders must also inform the CNBV of the results of these transactions the day after their completion. See “Additional Information — Mexican Securities Market Law.”
Additionally, related parties of an issuer who increase or decrease their ownership stake, in one or more transactions, by 5% or more, shall disclose such transactions. The Mexican Securities Market Law also requires stockholders holding 10% or more of the capital stock of companies listed in the registry to notify the CNBV of any ownership changes in shares of the company.

 

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Item 10. Additional Information
Mexican Securities Market Law
On April 25, 2002, the CNBV issued general rules to regulate public tender offers and the obligation to disclose share acquisitions above certain thresholds, as well as share acquisitions of the capital stock of public companies by related parties. Subject to certain exceptions, any acquisition of shares of a public company which increases the acquiror’s ownership to 10% or more, but not more than 30%, of the company’s outstanding capital stock must be disclosed to the CNBV and the Mexican Stock Exchange by no later than the day following the acquisition. Any acquisition of shares by a related party that increases such party’s ownership interest in a public company by 5% or more of the company’s outstanding capital stock must also be disclosed to the CNBV and the Mexican Stock Exchange by no later than the day following the acquisition. In addition, any intended acquisition of shares of a public company which increases the potential acquiror’s ownership to 30% or more, but not more than 50%, of the company’s voting shares requires the potential acquiror to make a tender offer for the greater of (i) the percentage of the capital stock intended to be acquired or (ii) 10% of the outstanding capital stock. Finally, any intended acquisition of shares of a public company which increases the potential acquiror’s ownership to more than 50% of the company’s voting shares requires the potential acquiror to make a tender offer for 100% of the outstanding capital stock. Bylaw provisions regarding mandatory tender offers in the case of these acquisitions may differ from the requirements summarized above, provided that they are more protective to minority stockholders than those afforded by law. See “— Bylaws — Antitakeover Protections.”
On December 30, 2005, a new Mexican Securities Market Law was enacted and published in the Official Gazette. The new Securities Market Law became effective on June 28, 2006 and in some cases allowed an additional period of 180 days (late December 2006) for issuers to incorporate in their by-laws the new corporate governance and other requirements derived from the new law. The new Mexican Securities Market Law changed the Mexican securities laws in various material respects. In particular the new law (i) clarifies the rules for tender offers, dividing them in voluntary and mandatory, (ii) clarifies standards for disclosure of holdings applicable to stockholders of public companies, (iii) expands and strengthens the role of the board of directors of public companies, (iv) determines with precision the standards applicable to the board of directors and the duties of the board, each director, its secretary, the general director and executive officers (introducing concepts such as the duty of care, duty of loyalty and safe harbors), (v) replaces the statutory auditor (comisario) and its duties with the audit committee, the corporate practices committee and the external auditors, (vi) clearly defines the role of the general director and executive officers and their responsibilities, (vii) improves rights of minorities, and (vii) improves the definition of applicable sanctions for violations to the Mexican Securities Market Law, including the payment of punitive damages and criminal penalties.
The new Mexican Securities Market Law does not substantially modify the reporting obligations of issuers of equity securities listed in the Mexican Stock Exchange. The new Mexican Securities Market Law reinforces insider trading restrictions and specifically includes, within such restrictions, trading in options and derivatives the underlying security of which is issued by such entity. Among other changes, the new Mexican Securities Market Law provides for a course of action available to anyone who traded (as a counterparty) with someone in possession of privileged information to seek the appropriate indemnification.
Pursuant to the new Mexican Securities Market Law:
   
members of a listed issuer’s board of directors,
 
   
stockholders controlling 10% or more of a listed issuer’s outstanding share capital,
 
   
advisors,
 
   
groups controlling 25% or more of a listed issuer’s outstanding share capital and
 
   
other insiders
must inform the CNBV of any transactions undertaken with securities of a listed issuer.
In addition, under the new Mexican Securities Market Law insiders must abstain from purchasing or selling securities of the issuer within 90 days from the last sale or purchase, respectively.

 

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The new Mexican Securities Market Law has, in some respects, modified the rules governing tender offers conducted in Mexico. Under the new law, tender offers may be voluntary or mandatory. All tender offers must be open for at least 20 business days and purchases thereunder are required to be made pro-rata to all tendering stockholders. Any intended purchase resulting in a 30% or greater holding requires the tender to be made for the greater of 10% of the company’s capital stock or the share capital intended to be acquired; if the purchase is aimed at obtaining control, the tender must be made for 100% of the outstanding shares. In calculating the intended purchase amount, convertible securities, warrants and derivatives the underlying security of which are such shares must be considered. The new law also permits the payment of certain amounts to controlling stockholders over and above the offering price if these amounts are fully disclosed, approved by the board of directors and paid in connection with non-compete or similar obligations. The new law also introduces exceptions to the mandatory tender offer requirements and specifically provides for the consequences, to a purchaser, of not complying with these tender offer rules (lack of voting rights, possible annulment of purchases, etc.) and other rights available to prior stockholders of the issuer.
The new Mexican Securities Market Law ratifies that public companies may insert provisions in their by-laws pursuant to which the acquisition of control of the company, by the company’s stockholders or third parties, may be prevented, if such provisions (i) are approved by stockholders without the negative vote of stockholders representing 5% or more of the outstanding shares, (ii) do not exclude any stockholder or group of stockholders, and (iii) do not restrict, in an absolute manner, the change of control.
Bylaws
Set forth below is a brief summary of some significant provisions of our bylaws and Mexican law. This description does not purport to be complete, and is qualified by reference in its entirety to our bylaws, which have been filed as an exhibit to this annual report and Mexican law. For a description of the provisions of our bylaws relating to our Board of Directors, Executive Committee, and Audit and Corporate Practices Committee, see “Directors, Senior Management and Employees.”
Organization and Register
Televisa is a sociedad anónima bursátil, or limited liability stock corporation, organized under the laws of Mexico in accordance with the Mexican Companies Law. Televisa was incorporated under Public Deed Number 30,200, dated December 19, 1990, granted before Notary Public Number 73 of Mexico City, D.F., and registered with the Public Registry of Commerce of Mexico City, under Commercial Page (folio mercantil) Number 142,164. We have a general corporate purpose, the specifics of which can be found in Article Four of our bylaws.
We maintain a stock registry, and in accordance with Mexican law, we only recognize those holders listed in our stock registry as our stockholders. Our stockholders may hold their share in the form of physical certificates or through book-entries with institutions that have accounts with Indeval. The CPO Trustee is the holder of record for Shares represented by CPOs. Accounts may be maintained at Indeval by brokers, banks and other entities approved by the CNBV.
Voting Rights and Stockholders’ Meetings
Holders of A Shares. Holders of A Shares have the right to vote on all matters subject to stockholder approval at any general stockholders’ meeting and have the right, voting as a class, to appoint eleven members of our Board of Directors and the corresponding alternate directors. In addition to requiring approval by a majority of all Shares entitled to vote together on a particular corporate matter, certain corporate matters must be approved by a majority of the holders of A Shares voting separately. These matters include mergers, dividend payments, spin-offs, changes in corporate purpose, changes of nationality and amendments to the anti-takeover provisions of our bylaws.
Holders of B Shares. Holders of B Shares have the right to vote on all matters subject to stockholder approval at any general stockholders’ meeting and have the right, voting as a class, to appoint five members of our Board of Directors and the corresponding alternate directors. The five directors and corresponding alternate directors elected by the holders of the B Shares will be elected at a stockholders’ meeting that must be held within the first four months after the end of each year.

 

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Holders of D Shares and L Shares. Holders of D Shares, voting as a class, are entitled to vote at special meetings to elect two of the members of our Board of Directors and the corresponding alternate directors, each of which must be an independent director. In addition, holders of D Shares are entitled to vote on the following matters at extraordinary general meetings:
   
our transformation from one type of company to another;
 
   
any merger (even if we are the surviving entity);
 
   
extension of our existence beyond our prescribed duration;
 
   
our dissolution before our prescribed duration (which is currently December);
 
   
a change in our corporate purpose;
 
   
a change in our nationality; and
 
   
the cancellation from registration of the D Shares or the securities which represent the D Shares with the securities or special section of the NRS and with any other Mexican or foreign stock exchange in which such shares or securities are registered.
Holders of L Shares, voting as a class, are entitled to vote at special meetings to elect two of the members of our Board of Directors and the corresponding alternate directors, each of which must be an independent director. Holders of L Shares are also entitled to vote at extraordinary general meetings on the following matters:
   
our transformation from one type of company to another;
 
   
any merger in which we are not the surviving entity; and
 
   
the cancellation from registration of the L Shares or the securities that represent the L Shares with the special section of the NRS.
The two directors and corresponding alternate directors elected by each of the holders of the D Shares and the L Shares are elected annually at a special meeting of those holders. Special meetings of holders of D Shares and L Shares must also be held to approve the cancellation from registration of the D Shares or L Shares or the securities representing any of such shares with the NRS, as the case may be, and in the case of D Shares, with any other Mexican or foreign stock exchange in which such shares or securities are registered. All other matters on which holders of L Shares or D Shares are entitled to vote must be considered at an extraordinary general meeting. Holders of L Shares and D Shares are not entitled to attend or to address meetings of stockholders at which they are not entitled to vote. Under Mexican law, holders of L Shares and D Shares are entitled to exercise certain minority protections. See “— Other Provisions — Appraisal Rights and Other Minority Protections.”
Other Rights of Stockholders. Under Mexican law, holders of shares of any series are also entitled to vote as a class in a special meeting governed by the same rules that apply to extraordinary general meetings, as described below, on any action that would prejudice the rights of holders of shares of such series, but not rights of holders of shares of other series, and a holder of shares of such series would be entitled to judicial relief against any such action taken without such a vote. Generally, the determination of whether a particular stockholder action requires a class vote on these grounds could initially be made by the Board of Directors or other party calling for stockholder action. In some cases, under the Mexican Securities Market Law and the Mexican Companies Law, the Board of Directors, the Audit Committee, the Corporate Practices Committee, or a Mexican court on behalf of those stockholders representing 10% of our capital stock could call a special meeting. A negative determination would be subject to judicial challenge by an affected stockholder, and the necessity for a class vote would ultimately be determined by a court. There are no other procedures for determining whether a particular proposed stockholder action requires a class vote, and Mexican law does not provide extensive guidance on the criteria to be applied in making such a determination.
General stockholders’ meetings may be ordinary general meetings or extraordinary general meetings. Extraordinary general meetings are those called to consider specific matters specified in Article 182 of the Mexican Companies Law and our bylaws, including, among others, amendments to our bylaws, our dissolution, liquidation or split-up, our merger and transformation from one form of company to another, increases and reductions in our capital stock, the approval of certain acquisitions of shares, including a change of control, as set forth in the antitakeover provisions in our bylaws and any action for civil liabilities against the members of our Board of Directors, its Secretary, or members of our Audit and Corporate Practices Committee. In addition, our bylaws require an extraordinary general meeting to consider the cancellation of registration of the D Shares or L Shares or the securities representing these Shares with the NRS, as the case may be, and in the case of D Shares, with any other Mexican or foreign stock exchange in which such Shares or securities are registered. General meetings called to consider all other matters are ordinary meetings which are held at least once each year within four months following the end of each fiscal year. Stockholders may be represented at any stockholders’ meeting by completing a form of proxy provided by us, which proxy is available within fifteen days prior to such meeting, and designating a representative to vote on their behalf. The form of proxy must comply with certain content requirements as set forth in the Mexican Securities Market Law and in our bylaws.

 

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Holders of CPOs. Holders of CPOs who are Mexican nationals or Mexican corporations whose bylaws exclude foreign ownership of their shares are entitled to exercise voting rights with respect to the A Shares, B Shares, D Shares and L Shares underlying their CPOs. The CPO Trustee will vote such shares as directed by Mexican holders of CPOs, which must provide evidence of Mexican nationality. Non-Mexican holders of CPOs may only vote the L Shares held in the CPO Trust and are not entitled to exercise any voting rights with respect to the A Shares, B Shares and D Shares held in the CPO Trust. Voting rights in respect of these A Shares, B Shares and D Shares may only be exercised by the CPO Trustee. A Shares, B Shares and D Shares underlying the CPOs of non-Mexican holders or holders that do not give timely instructions as to voting of such Shares, (a) will be voted at special meetings of A Shares, B Shares or D Shares, as the case may be, as instructed by the CPO Trust’s Technical Committee (which consists of members of the Board of Directors and/or Executive Committee, who must be Mexican nationals), and (b) will be voted at any general meeting where such series has the right to vote in the same manner as the majority of the outstanding A Shares held by Mexican nationals or Mexican corporations (directly, or through the CPO Trust, as the case may be) are voted at the relevant meeting. L Shares underlying the CPOs of any holders that do not give timely instructions as to the voting of such Shares will be voted, at special meetings of L Shares and at general extraordinary meetings where L Shares have voting rights, as instructed by the Technical Committee of the CPO Trust. The CPO Trustee must receive voting instructions five business days prior to the stockholders’ meeting. Holders of CPOs that are Mexican nationals or Mexican corporations whose bylaws exclude foreign ownership of their Shares also must provide evidence of nationality, such as a copy of a valid Mexican passport or birth certificate, for individuals, or a copy of the bylaws, for corporations.
As described in “Major Stockholders and Related Party Transactions,” A Shares held through the Stockholder Trust constitute a majority of the A Shares whose holders are entitled to vote them, because non-Mexican holders of CPOs and GDSs are not permitted to vote the underlying A Shares. Accordingly, the vote of A Shares held through the Stockholder Trust generally will determine how the A Shares underlying our CPOs are voted. B Shares held through the Stockholder Trust constitute 2.71% of the outstanding B Shares but represent a greater percentage of B Shares whose holders are entitled to vote them, because non-Mexican holders of CPOs and GDSs are not permitted to vote the underlying B Shares.
Holders of GDRs. Global Depositary Receipts, or GDRs evidencing GDSs are issued by The Bank of New York, the Depositary, pursuant to the Deposit Agreement we entered into with the Depositary and all holders from time to time of GDSs. Each GDR evidences a specified number of GDSs. A GDR may represent any number of GDSs. Only persons in whose names GDRs are registered on the books of the Depositary will be treated by us and the Depositary as owners and holders of GDRs. Each GDS represents the right to receive five CPOs which will be credited to the account of Banco Inbursa, S.A., the Custodian, maintained with Indeval for such purpose. Each CPO represents financial interests in, and limited voting rights with respect to, 25 A Shares, 22 B Shares, 35 L Shares and 35 D Shares held pursuant to the CPO Trust.
The Depositary will mail information on stockholders’ meetings to all holders of GDRs. At least six business days prior to the relevant stockholders’ meeting, GDR holders may instruct the Depositary as to the exercise of the voting rights, if any, pertaining to the CPOs represented by their GDSs, and the underlying Shares. Since the CPO Trustee must also receive voting instructions five business days prior to the stockholders’ meeting, the Depositary may be unable to vote the CPOs and underlying Shares in accordance with any written instructions. Holders that are Mexican nationals or Mexican corporations whose bylaws exclude foreign ownership of their Shares are entitled to exercise voting rights with respect to the A Shares, B Shares, D Shares and L Shares underlying the CPOs represented by their GDSs. Such Mexican holders also must provide evidence of nationality, such as a copy of a valid Mexican passport or birth certificate, for individuals, or a copy of the bylaws, for corporations.
Non-Mexican holders may exercise voting rights only with respect to L Shares underlying the CPOs represented by their GDSs. They may not direct the CPO Trustee as to how to vote the A Shares, B Shares or D Shares represented by CPOs or attend stockholders’ meetings. Under the terms of the CPO Trust Agreement, the CPO Trustee will vote the A Shares, B Shares, D Shares and L Shares represented by CPOs held by non-Mexican holders (including holders of GDRs) as described under “— Holders of CPOs.” If the Depositary does not timely receive instructions from a Mexican or Non-Mexican holder of GDRs as to the exercise of voting rights relating to the A Shares, B Shares, D Shares or L Shares underlying the CPOs, as the case may be, in the relevant stockholders’ meeting then, if requested in writing by us, the Depositary will give a discretionary proxy to a person designated by us to vote the Shares. If no such written request is made by us, the Depositary will not represent or vote, attempt to represent or vote any right that attaches to, or instruct the CPO Trustee to represent or vote, the Shares underlying the CPOs in the relevant stockholders’ meeting and, as a result, the underlying shares will be voted in the same manner described under “— Holders of CPOs” with respect to shares for which timely instructions as to voting are not given.

 

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If the Depositary does not timely receive instructions from a Mexican or non-Mexican holder of GDRs as to the exercise of voting rights relating to the underlying CPOs in the relevant CPO holders’ meeting, the Depositary and the Custodian will take such actions as are necessary to cause such CPOs to be counted for purposes of satisfying applicable quorum requirements and, unless we in our sole discretion have given prior written notice to the Depositary and the Custodian to the contrary, vote them in the same manner as the majority of the CPOs are voted at the relevant CPOs holders’ meeting.
Under the terms of the CPO Trust, beginning in December 2008, a non-Mexican holder of CPOs or GDSs may instruct the CPO Trustee to request that we issue and deliver certificates representing each of the Shares underlying its CPOs so that the CPO Trustee may sell, to a third party entitled to hold the Shares, all of those Shares and deliver to the holder any proceeds derived from the sale.
Dividend Rights
At our annual ordinary general stockholders’ meeting, our Board of Directors is required to submit our financial statements from the previous fiscal year to the holders of our A Shares and B Shares voting together and a majority of the A Shares voting separately. Once our stockholders approve these financial statements, they must then allocate our net profits for the previous fiscal year. Under Mexican law, at least 5% of our net profits must be allocated to a legal reserve, until the amount of this reserve equals 20% of our paid-in capital stock. Thereafter, our stockholders may allocate our net profits to any special reserve, including a reserve for share repurchases. After this allocation, the remainder of our net profits will be available for distribution as dividends. The vote of the majority of the A Shares and B Shares voting together, and a majority of the A Shares voting separately, is necessary to approve dividend payments. As described below, in the event that dividends are declared, holders of D Shares will have preferential rights to dividends as compared to holders of A Shares, B Shares and L Shares. Holders of A Shares, B Shares and L Shares have the same financial or economic rights, including the participation in any of our profits.
Preferential Rights of D Shares
Holders of D Shares are entitled to receive a cumulative fixed preferred annual dividend in the amount of Ps. 0.00034177575 per D Share before any dividends are payable in respect of A Shares, B Shares and L Shares. If we pay any dividends in addition to the D Share fixed preferred dividend, then such dividends shall be allocated as follows:
   
first, to the payment of dividends with respect to the A Shares, the B Shares and the L Shares, in an equal amount per share, up to the amount of the D Share fixed preferred dividend; and
   
second, to the payment of dividends with respect to the A Shares, B Shares, D Shares and L Shares, such that the dividend per share is equal.
Upon any dissolution or liquidation of our company, holders of D Shares are entitled to a liquidation preference equal to:
   
accrued but unpaid dividends in respect of their D Shares; plus
   
the theoretical value of their D Shares as set forth in our bylaws. See “— Other Provisions — Dissolution or Liquidation.”
Limitation on Capital Increases
Our bylaws provide that, in the event shares of a given series are issued as a result of a capital increase (in respect of a cash capital contribution), each holder of shares of that series will have a preferential right to subscribe to new shares of that series, in proportion to the number of such holder’s existing Shares of that series. In addition, primary issuances of A Shares, B Shares, D Shares and L Shares in the form of CPOs may be limited under the Mexican Securities Market Law. As a result of grandfathering provisions, our existing CPO structure will not be affected by the amendments to the law. However, in the case of primary issuances of additional A Shares, B Shares, L Shares and D Shares in the form of CPOs, any new L Shares and D Shares may be required to be converted into A Shares or other voting stock within a term specified by the CNBV, which in no event shall exceed five years. Moreover, under the Mexican Securities Market Law, the aggregate amount of shares of an issuer with limited or non-voting rights may not exceed 25% of the total shares held by public investors. The vote of the holders of a majority of the A Shares is necessary to approve capital increases.

 

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Preemptive Rights
In the event of a capital increase, a holder of existing shares of a given series has a preferential right to subscribe to a sufficient number of shares of the same series in order to maintain the holder’s existing proportionate holdings of shares of that series. Stockholders must exercise their preemptive rights within the time period fixed by our stockholders at the meeting approving the issuance of additional shares. This period must continue for at least fifteen days following the publication of notice of the issuance in the Diario Oficial de la Federación and in a newspaper of general circulation in Mexico City. Under Mexican law, stockholders cannot waive their preemptive rights in advance or be represented by an instrument that is negotiable separately from the corresponding share.
U.S. holders of GDSs may exercise preemptive rights only if we register any newly issued shares under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or qualify for an exemption from registration. We intend to evaluate at the time of any offering of preemptive rights the costs and potential liabilities associated with registering additional shares. In addition, if our stockholders’ meeting approves the issuance of shares of a particular series, holders of shares of other series may be offered shares of that particular series.
Limitations on Share Ownership
Ownership by non-Mexicans of shares of Mexican enterprises is regulated by the Foreign Investment Law and the accompanying Foreign Investment Law Regulations. The Economics Ministry and the Foreign Investment Commission are responsible for the administration of the Foreign Investment Law and the Foreign Investment Law Regulations. The Foreign Investment Law reserves certain economic activities exclusively for the Mexican State, certain other activities exclusively for Mexican individuals or Mexican corporations and limits the participation of non-Mexican investors to certain percentages in regard to other enterprises engaged in activities specified therein. Foreign investors may freely participate in up to 100% of the capital stock of Mexican companies or entities except for those existing companies engaged in specific activities, as described below and those with assets exceeding specified amounts established annually by the Foreign Investment Commission, in which case an approval from the Foreign Investment Commission will be necessary in order for foreign investment to exceed 49% of the capital stock. The Foreign Investment Law reserves certain economic activities exclusively for the Mexican state and reserves certain other activities (including television and radio broadcasting) exclusively for Mexican nationals, consisting of Mexican individuals and Mexican corporations the charters of which contain a prohibition on ownership by non-Mexicans of the corporation’s capital stock (a “foreign exclusion clause”). However, the Foreign Investment Law grants broad authority to the Foreign Investment Commission to allow foreign investors to own specified interests in the capital of certain Mexican enterprises. In particular, the Foreign Investment Law provides that certain investments, which comply with certain conditions, are considered “neutral investments” and are not included in the calculation of the foreign investment percentage for the relevant Mexican entity.
In order to comply with these restrictions, we have limited the ownership of our A Shares and B Shares to Mexican individuals, Mexican companies the charters of which contain a foreign exclusion clause, credit institutions acting as trustees (such as the CPO Trustee) in accordance with the Foreign Investment Law and the Foreign Investment Law Regulations, and trusts or stock purchase, investment and retirement plans for Mexican employees. The criteria for an investor to qualify as Mexican under our bylaws are stricter than those generally applicable under the Foreign Investment Law and Foreign Investment Law Regulations. A holder that acquires A Shares or B Shares in violation of the restrictions on non-Mexican ownership will have none of the rights of a stockholder with respect to those A Shares or B Shares and could also be subject to monetary sanctions. The D Shares are subject to the same restrictions on ownership as the A Shares and B Shares. However, the foregoing limitations do not affect the ability of non-Mexican investors to hold A Shares, B Shares, D Shares and L Shares through CPOs, or L Shares directly, because such instruments constitute a “neutral investment” and do not affect control of the issuing company, pursuant to the exceptions contained in the Foreign Investment Law. The sum of the total outstanding number of A Shares and B Shares is required to exceed at all times the sum of the total outstanding L Shares and D Shares.
The Foreign Investment Law and Foreign Investment Law Regulations also require that we and the CPO Trust register with the National Registry of Foreign Investments. In addition to the limitations established by the Foreign Investment Law, the Mexican Federal Radio and Television Law provides restrictions on ownership by non-Mexicans of shares of Mexican enterprises holding concessions for radio and television such as those held indirectly by us. Non-Mexican states and governments are prohibited under our bylaws and Mexican Federal Radio and Television Law from owning Shares of Televisa and are, therefore, prohibited from being the beneficial or record owners of the A Shares, B Shares, D Shares, L Shares, CPOs and GDSs. We have been advised by our Mexican counsel, Mijares, Angoitia, Cortés y Fuentes, S.C., that ownership of the A Shares, B Shares, D Shares, L Shares, CPOs and GDSs by pension or retirement funds organized for the benefit of employees of non-Mexican state, municipal or other governmental agencies will not be considered as ownership by non-Mexican states or governments for the purpose of our bylaws or the Radio and Television Law.

 

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We may restrict transfers or, to the extent permitted under applicable law, cause the mandatory sale or disposition of CPOs and GDRs where such transfer or ownership, as the case may be, might result in ownership of CPOs or GDRs exceeding the limits under applicable law or our bylaws, the CPO Trust Agreement or the CPO Deed. Non-Mexican states and governments are prohibited under our bylaws and Radio and Television Law from owning our Shares and are, therefore, prohibited from being beneficial or record owners of GDRs.
Other Provisions
Forfeiture of Shares. As required by Mexican law, our bylaws provide that for L Shares and CPOs, our non-Mexican stockholders formally agree with the Foreign Affairs Ministry:
   
to be considered as Mexicans with respect to the L Shares and CPOs that they acquire or hold, as well as to the property, rights, concessions, participations or interests owned by us or to the rights and obligations derived from any agreements we have with the Mexican government; and
   
not to invoke the protection of their own governments with respect to their ownership of L Shares and CPOs.
Failure to comply is subject to a penalty of forfeiture of such a stockholders’ capital interests in favor of Mexico. In the opinion of Mijares, Angoitia, Cortés y Fuentes, S.C., our Mexican counsel, under this provision a non-Mexican stockholder is deemed to have agreed not to invoke the protection of its own government by asking such government to interpose a diplomatic claim against the Mexican government with respect to the stockholders’ rights as a stockholder, but is not deemed to have waived any other rights it may have, including any rights under the U.S. securities laws, with respect to its investment in Televisa. If the stockholder should invoke governmental protection in violation of this agreement, its shares could be forfeited to the Mexican government.
Exclusive Jurisdiction. Our bylaws provide that legal action relating to the execution, interpretation or performance of the bylaws shall be brought only in federal courts located in Mexico City.
Duration. Our corporate existence under our bylaws continues until 2105.
Dissolution or Liquidation. Upon any dissolution or liquidation of our company, our stockholders will appoint one or more liquidators at an extraordinary general stockholders’ meeting to wind up our affairs. The approval of holders of the majority of the A Shares is necessary to appoint or remove any liquidator. Upon a dissolution or liquidation, holders of D Shares will be entitled to both accrued but unpaid dividends in respect of their D Shares, plus the theoretical value of their D Shares (as set forth in our bylaws). The theoretical value of our D Shares is Ps. 0.00683551495 per share. Thereafter, a payment per share will be made to each of the holders of A Shares, B Shares and L Shares equivalent to the payment received by each of the holders of D Shares. The remainder will be distributed equally among all stockholders in proportion to their number of Shares and amount paid.
Redemption. Our bylaws provide that we may redeem our Shares with distributable profits without reducing our capital stock by way of a stockholder resolution at an extraordinary stockholders’ meeting. In accordance with Mexican law and our bylaws:
   
any redemption shall be made on a pro-rata basis among all of our stockholders;
   
to the extent that a redemption is effected through a public tender offer on the Mexican Stock Exchange, the stockholders’ resolution approving the redemption may empower our Board to specify the number of shares to be redeemed and appoint the related intermediary or purchase agent; and
 
   
any redeemed shares must be cancelled.
Share Repurchases. As required by Mexican law, our bylaws provide that we may repurchase our Shares on the Mexican Stock Exchange at then prevailing market prices. The amount of capital stock allocated to share repurchases and the amount of the corresponding reserve created for this purpose is determined annually by our stockholders at a ordinary general stockholders’ meeting. The aggregate amount of resources allocated to share repurchases in any given year cannot exceed the total amount of our net profits in any given year, including retained earnings. Share repurchases must be charged to either our net worth if the repurchased Shares remain in our possession or our capital stock if the repurchased Shares are converted into treasury shares, in which case our capital stock is reduced automatically in an amount equal to the theoretical value of any repurchased Shares, if any. Any surplus is charged to the reserve for share repurchases. If the purchase price of the Shares is less than the theoretical value of the repurchased Shares, our capital stock account will be affected by an amount equal to the theoretical value of the repurchased Shares. Under Mexican law, we are not required to create a special reserve for the repurchase of shares, nor do we need the approval of our Board to effect share repurchases. In addition, any repurchased Shares cannot be represented at any stockholders’ meeting.

 

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Conflicts of Interest. Under Mexican Law, any stockholder that votes on a transaction in which his, her or its interests conflict with our interests may be liable for damages, but only if the transaction would not have been approved without his, her or its vote. In addition, any member of the Board of Directors that votes on a transaction in which his, her or its interests conflict, with our interests may be liable for damages. The Securities Market Law also imposes a duty of care and a duty of loyalty on directors as has been described in Item 6. In addition, pursuant to the Mexican Securities Market Law, the Board of Directors, with input from the Audit and Corporate Practices Committee, must review and approve transactions and arrangements with related parties. See “Directors, Senior Management and Employees – Our Board of Directors – Meetings; Actions Requiring Board Approval.”
Appraisal Rights and Other Minority Protections. Whenever our stockholders approve a change in our corporate purpose or jurisdiction of organization or our transformation from one type of company to another, any stockholder entitled to vote that did not vote in favor of these matters has the right to receive payment for its A Shares, B Shares, D Shares or L Shares in an amount calculated in accordance with Mexican law. However, stockholders must exercise their appraisal rights within fifteen days after the stockholders’ meeting at which the matter was approved. Because the holders of L Shares and D Shares may only vote in limited circumstances, appraisal rights are generally not available to them. See “— Voting Rights and Stockholders’ Meetings.”
Because the CPO Trustee must vote at a general stockholders’ meeting, the A Shares, B Shares and D Shares held by non-Mexicans in the CPO Trust in the same manner as the majority of the A Shares held by Mexican nationals (directly, or through the CPO Trust, as the case may be), the A Shares, B Shares and D Shares underlying CPOs held by non-Mexicans will not be voted against any change that triggers the appraisal rights of the holders of these Shares. Therefore, these appraisal rights will not be available to holders of CPOs (or GDRs) with respect to A Shares, B Shares or D Shares. The CPO Trustee will exercise such other corporate rights at special stockholders’ meetings with respect to the underlying A Shares, B Shares and D Shares as may be directed by the Technical Committee of the CPO trust.
The Mexican Securities Market Law and our bylaws include provisions that permit:
   
holders of at least 10% of our outstanding capital stock to request our Chairman of the Board or of the Audit and Corporate Practices Committee to call a stockholders’ meeting in which they are entitled to vote;
   
subject to the satisfaction of certain requirements under Mexican law, holders of at least 5% of our outstanding capital stock to bring an action for civil liabilities against our directors;
   
holders of at least 10% of our Shares that are entitled to vote and are represented at a stockholders’ meeting to request postponement of resolutions with respect to any matter on which they were not sufficiently informed; and
   
subject to the satisfaction of certain requirements under Mexican law, holders of at least 20% of our outstanding capital stock to contest and suspend any stockholder resolution.
See “Key Information — Risk Factors — Risk Factors Related to Our Securities — The Protections Afforded to Minority Stockholders in Mexico Are Different From Those in the U.S.” In addition, in accordance with the Mexican Securities Market Law, we are also subject to certain corporate governance requirements, including the requirement to maintain an audit committee, a corporate practices committee, and to elect independent directors. The protections afforded to minority stockholders under Mexican law are generally different from those in the U.S. and many other jurisdictions. Substantive Mexican law concerning fiduciary duties of directors has not been the subject of extensive judicial interpretation in Mexico, unlike many states in the U.S. where duties of care and loyalty elaborated by judicial decisions help to shape the rights of minority stockholders. Mexican civil procedure does not contemplate class actions or stockholder derivative actions, which permit stockholders in U.S. courts to bring actions on behalf of other stockholders or to enforce rights of the corporation itself. Stockholders in Mexico also cannot challenge corporate actions taken at stockholders’ meetings unless they meet stringent procedural requirements. See “— Voting Rights and Stockholders’ Meetings.” As a result of these factors, it is generally more difficult for our minority stockholders to enforce rights against us or our directors or Major Stockholders than it is for stockholders of a corporation established under the laws of a state of the U.S. In addition, under U.S. securities laws, as a foreign private issuer we are exempt from certain rules that apply to domestic U.S. issuers with equity securities registered under the Security Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, including the proxy solicitation rules. We are also exempt from many of the corporate governance requirements of the New York Stock Exchange.

 

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Antitakeover Protections
General. Our bylaws provide that, subject to certain exceptions, (i) any person, entity or group of persons and/or entities that wishes to acquire beneficial ownership of common Shares (as defined below) which, when coupled with common Shares previously beneficially owned by such persons or their affiliates, represent 10% or more of our outstanding common Shares, (ii) any competitor or group of competitors that wishes to acquire beneficial ownership of Shares which, when coupled with Shares previously beneficially owned by such competitor, group of competitors or their affiliates, represent 5% or more of our outstanding capital stock, (iii) any person, entity or group of persons and/or entities that wishes to acquire beneficial ownership of Shares representing 10% or more of our outstanding Shares, and (iv) any competitor or group of competitors that wishes to acquire beneficial ownership of Shares representing 5% or more of our capital stock, must obtain the prior approval of our Board of Directors and/or of our stockholders, as the case may be, subject to certain exceptions summarized below. Holders that acquire Shares in violation of these requirements will not be considered the beneficial owners of such Shares under our bylaws and will not be registered in our stock registry. Accordingly, these holders will not be able to vote such Shares or receive any dividends, distributions or other rights in respect of these Shares. In addition, pursuant to our bylaws, these holders will be obligated to pay us a penalty in an amount equal to the market value of the Shares so acquired. Pursuant to our bylaws, “Shares” are defined as the shares (of any class or series) representing our capital stock, and any instruments or securities that represent such shares or that grant any right with respect to or are convertible into those shares, expressly including CPOs.
Pursuant to our bylaws, a “competitor” is generally defined as any person or entity who, directly or indirectly, is engaged in any of the following businesses or activities: television production and broadcasting, pay television production, program licensing, direct-to-home satellite services, publishing (newspaper and/or magazine), publishing distribution, music recording, cable television, the transmission of programming and/or other content by any other means known or to be known, radio broadcasting and production, the promotion of professional sports and other entertainment events, paging services, production, feature film/motion picture production and distribution, dubbing and/or the operation of an Internet portal. A “competitor” is also defined to include any person, entity and/or group that is engaged in any type of business or activity in which we may be engaged from time to time and from which we derive 5% or more of our consolidated income.
Board Notices, Meetings, Quorum Requirements and Approvals. To obtain the prior approval of our Board, a potential acquiror must properly deliver a written notice that states, among other things: (i) the number and class/type of our Shares it beneficially owns, (ii) the percentage of Shares it beneficially owns with respect to both our outstanding capital stock and the respective class/type of our Shares, (iii) the number and class/type of Shares it intends to acquire, (iv) the number and class/type of Shares it intends to grant or share a common interest or right, (v) its identity, or in the case of an acquiror which is a corporation, trust or legal entity, its stockholders or beneficiaries as well as the identity and nationality of each person effectively controlling such corporation, trust or legal entity, (vi) its ability to acquire our Shares in accordance with our bylaws and Mexican law, (vii) its source of financing the intended acquisition, (viii) if it has obtained any financing from one of its related parties for the payment of the Shares, (ix) the purpose of the intended acquisition, (x) if it intends to acquire additional common Shares in the future, which coupled with the current intended acquisition of common Shares and the common Shares previously beneficially owned by the potential acquiror, would result in ownership of 20% or more of our common Shares, (xi) if it intends to acquire control of us in the future, (xii) if the acquiror is our competitor or if it has any direct or indirect economic interest in or family relationship with one of our competitors, and (xiii) the identity of the financial institution, if any, that will act as the underwriter or broker in connection with any tender offer.
Either the Chairman, the Secretary or the Alternate Secretary of our Board of Directors must call a Board meeting within 10 calendar days following the receipt of the written notice and the Board meeting must be held within 45 calendar days following the call. Action by written consent is not permitted. With the exception of acquisitions that must be approved by the general extraordinary stockholders’ meeting as described below in “Stockholder Notices, Meetings, Quorum Requirements and Approvals,” in order to proceed with any acquisition of Shares that require Board authorization as set forth in our bylaws, such acquisition must be approved by at least the majority of the members of our Board present at a meeting at which at least 75% of the members of our Board are present. Such acquisitions must be acted upon by our Board within 60 calendar days following the receipt of the written notice described above, unless the Board determines that it does not have sufficient information upon which to base its decision. In such case, the Board shall deliver a written request to the potential acquiror for any additional information that it deems necessary to make its determination. The 60 calendar days referred to above will commence following the receipt of the additional information from the potential acquiror to render its decision.

 

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Stockholder Notices, Meetings, Quorum Requirements and Approvals. In the event (i) of a proposed acquisition of Shares that would result in a “change of control,” (ii) that our Board cannot hold a Board meeting for any reason, (iii) of a proposed acquisition by a competitor and having certain characteristics, or (iv) that the Board determines that the proposed acquisition must be approved by our stockholders at a general extraordinary stockholders’ meeting, among others, then the proposed acquisition must be approved by the holders of at least 75% of our outstanding common Shares at a general extraordinary stockholders’ meeting (both in the case of first and subsequent calls) at which the holders of at least 85% of our outstanding common Shares are present. In addition, any proposed merger, spin-off, or capital increase or decrease which results in a change of control must also be approved by the holders of at least 75% of our outstanding common Shares at a general extraordinary stockholders’ meeting (both in the case of first and subsequent calls) at which the holders of at least 85% of our outstanding common Shares are present. Pursuant to our bylaws, a “change of control” is defined as the occurrence of any of the following: (i) the acquisition or transfer of ownership of a majority of our outstanding common Shares, (ii) the ability of a person, entity or group, other than the person who currently has the ability to, directly or indirectly, elect a majority of the members of our Board of Directors, to elect a majority of the members of our Board of Directors or (iii) the ability of a person, entity or group, other than the person who currently has the ability to, directly or indirectly, determine our administrative decisions or policies, to determine our administrative decisions or policies. In the event that the general extraordinary stockholders’ meeting must approve the proposed acquisition, either the Chairman, the Secretary or the Alternate Secretary of our Board of Directors must publish a call for a general extraordinary stockholders’ meeting in the Official Gazette of the Federation and two other newspapers of general circulation in Mexico City at least 30 calendar days prior to such meeting (both in the case of first and subsequent calls). Once the call for the general extraordinary stockholders’ meeting has been published, all information related to the agenda for the meeting must be available for review by the holders of common Shares at the offices of our Secretary.
Mandatory Tender Offers in the Case of Certain Acquisitions. If either our Board of Directors or our stockholders at a general extraordinary stockholders’ meeting, as the case may be, authorize an acquisition of common Shares which increases the acquiror’s ownership to 20% or more, but not more than 50%, of our outstanding common Shares, without such acquisition resulting in a change of control, then the acquiror must effect its acquisition by way of a cash tender offer for a specified number of Shares equal to the greater of (x) the percentage of common Shares intended to be acquired or (y) 10% of our outstanding capital stock. In the event that our stockholders approve an acquisition that would result in a change of control, the acquiror must effect its acquisition by way of a cash tender offer for 100% of our total outstanding capital stock at a price which cannot be lower than the highest of the following: (i) the book value of the common Shares and CPOs as reported on the last quarterly income statement approved by the Board of Directors, (ii) the highest closing price of the common Shares, on any stock exchange during any of the three hundred-sixty-five (365) days preceding the date of the stockholders’ resolution approving the acquisition; or (iii) the highest price paid for any Shares, at any time by the acquiror. All tender offers must be made in Mexico and the U.S. within 60 days following the date on which the acquisition was approved by our Board of Directors or stockholders’ meeting, as the case may be. All holders must be paid the same price for their common Shares. The provisions of our bylaws summarized above regarding mandatory tender offers in the case of certain acquisitions are generally more stringent than those provided for under the Mexican Securities Market Law. In accordance with the Mexican Securities Market Law, bylaw provisions regarding mandatory tender offers in the case of certain acquisitions may differ from the requirements set forth in such law, provided that those provisions are more protective to minority stockholders than those afforded by law. In these cases, the relevant bylaw provisions, and not the relevant provisions of the Mexican Securities Market Law, will apply to certain acquisitions specified therein.
Exceptions. The provisions of our bylaws summarized above will not apply to (i) transfers of common Shares and/or CPOs by operation of the laws of inheritance, (ii) acquisitions of common Shares and/or CPOs by any person who, directly or indirectly, is entitled to appoint the greatest number of members to our Board of Directors, as well as by (A) entities controlled by such person, (B) affiliates of such person, (C) the estate of such person, (D) certain family members of such person, and (E) such person, when such person acquires any common Shares and/or CPOs from any entity, affiliate, person or family member referred to in (A), (B) and (D) above, and (iii) acquisitions or transfers of common Shares and/or CPOs by us, our subsidiaries or affiliates, or any trust created by us or any of our subsidiaries.
Amendments to the Antitakeover Provisions. Any amendments to these antitakeover provisions must be authorized by the CNBV and registered before the Public Registry of Commerce at our corporate domicile.
Enforceability of Civil Liabilities
We are organized under the laws of Mexico. Substantially all of our directors, executive officers and controlling persons reside outside of the U.S., all or a significant portion of the assets of our directors, executive officers and controlling persons, and substantially all of our assets, are located outside of the U.S. and some of the experts named in this annual report also reside outside of the U.S. As a result, it may not be possible for you to effect service of process within the U.S. upon these persons or to enforce against them or us in U.S. courts judgments predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the federal securities laws of the U.S. We have been advised by our Mexican counsel, Mijares, Angoitia, Cortés y Fuentes, S.C., that there is doubt as to the enforceability, in original actions in Mexican courts, of liabilities predicated solely on U.S. federal securities laws and as to the enforceability in Mexican courts of judgments of U.S. courts obtained in actions predicated upon the civil liability provisions of U.S. federal securities laws. See “Key Information — Risk Factors — Risks Factors Related to Our Securities — It May Be Difficult to Enforce Civil Liabilities Against Us or Our Directors, Executive Officers and Controlling Persons.”

 

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Material Contracts
We have been granted a number of concessions by the Mexican government that authorize us to broadcast our programming over our television and radio stations and our cable and DTH systems. These concessions are described under “Information on the Company — Business Overview — Regulation.” If we are unable to renew, or if the Mexican government revokes, any of the concessions for our significant television stations, our business would be materially adversely affected. See “Key Information — Risk Factors — Risk Factors Related to Our Business — The Operation of Our Business May Be Terminated or Interrupted if the Mexican Government Does Not Renew or Revokes Our Broadcast or Other Concessions”.
We operate our DTH satellite service in Mexico and Central America through a partnership with DIRECTV. See “Information on the Company — Business Overview — DTH Joint Ventures.”
We completed a refinancing of our indebtedness in 2000, which refinancing involved a tender offer for our outstanding Series A Senior Notes, Series B Senior Notes and Senior Discount Debentures and the amendment of the related indentures, as well as the issuance of Ps.3.0 billion (nominal) as of April 14, 2000 of UDI-denominated notes. We also amended our working capital facility with Banamex in July 2000. We issued U.S.$200.0 million aggregate principal amount of 8 5/8% Senior Notes due 2005 in August 2000, U.S.$300.0 million aggregate principal amount of 8% Senior Notes due 2011 in September 2001, refinanced approximately U.S.$100.0 million of our indebtedness through a five-year U.S.$100.0 million term loan facility in December 2001 and U.S.$300.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 8.5% Senior Notes due 2032. We redeemed all of our remaining Senior Discount Debentures and terminated the related indentures in May 2001. In addition, in May 2003, we repaid all of the remaining Series A Senior Notes, which matured in May 2003, with the net proceeds from a long-term credit agreement that we entered into with a Mexican bank for an aggregate principal amount of Ps.800.0 million. Also, in March 2005, we completed a refinancing involving a tender offer for each of our outstanding U.S.$300.0 million aggregate principal amount of 8.00% Senior Notes due 2011 and our outstanding Ps. 3.0 billion (nominal) as of April 14, 2000 of our UDI-denominated notes due 2007. As part of this refinancing, we also issued U.S.$400.0 million aggregate principal amount of 6 5/8% Senior Notes due 2025. In May 2005, through a reopening of the same series of note, we issued an additional U.S.$200.0 million aggregate principal amount of 6 5/8% Senior Notes due 2025. In addition, we repaid all of the remaining Series B Senior Notes due 2005. In April 2007, we paid all of the remaining UDI-denominated notes, which matured in April 2007. In May 2007, we issued Ps.4,500.00 million aggregate principal amount of 8.49% Senior Notes due 2037. In May 2008, we issued U.S.$500.0 million aggregate principal amount of 6.0% Senior Notes due 2018. For a description of the material terms of the amended indentures related to the Series A Senior Notes and Series B Senior Notes, the UDI-denominated notes, our 8% Senior Notes due 2011, our 8.5% Senior Notes due 2032, our 6 5/8% Senior Notes due 2025, our 8.49% Senior Notes due 2037, and our 6.0% Senior Notes due 2018, our facilities with a Mexican bank, our five-year term U.S.$100.0 million loan facility and our Ps.800.0 million long-term credit agreement, see “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — Results of Operations — Liquidity, Foreign Exchange and Capital Resources — Refinancings” and “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — Results of Operations — Liquidity, Foreign Exchange and Capital Resources — Indebtedness.”
On May 17, 2004, we entered into a long-term credit agreement with Banamex for an aggregate amount of Ps.1,162.5 million, which matures in 2009. The annual interest rate is 9.70%. See “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — Results of Operations — Liquidity, Foreign Exchange and Capital Resources — Indebtedness.”
On October 22, 2004, we entered into another long-term credit agreement with Banamex for an aggregate amount of Ps.2,000.0 million which matures in 2012. The interest rate is 10.35%. For more information regarding this credit agreement, see “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — Results of Operations — Liquidity, Foreign Exchange and Capital Resources — Indebtedness.”
In December 2007, our subsidiary, Innova, and Sky Brasil reached an agreement with Intelsat Corporation and Intelsat LLC, to build and launch a new 24-transponder satellite, IS-16. The agreement contemplates payment of a one-time fixed fee in the aggregate amount of U.S.$138.6 million that will be paid in two installments, the first in the fourth quarter of 2009, and the second in the fourth quarter of 2010, as well as a monthly service fee of U.S.$150,000 commencing on the service start date.

 

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In December 2007, our indirect majority-owned subsidiary, Cablestar, completed the acquisition of shares of companies owning the majority of the assets of Bestel, a privately held, facilities-based telecommunications company in Mexico, for U.S.$256.0 million in cash plus an additional capital contribution of U.S.$69.0 million. In connection with the financing of the acquisition of the majority of the assets of Bestel, Cablemás, TVI and Cablevisión, which hold 15.4%, 15.4% and 69.2% of the equity stock of Cablestar, respectively, entered into five year term loan facilities for U.S.$50.0 million, U.S.$50.0 million and U.S.$225.0 million, respectively. These loans are intended to be syndicated during the life of the facility. Bestel focuses on providing data and long-distance services solutions to carriers and other telecommunications service providers in both Mexico and the United States. Bestel owns a fiber-optic network of approximately 8,000 kilometers that covers several important cities and economic regions in Mexico and has direct crossing of its network into Dallas, Texas and San Diego, California in the United States. This enables the company to provide connectivity between the United States and Mexico.
Our transactions and arrangements with related parties are described under “Major Stockholders and Related Party Transactions — Related Party Transactions”.
For a description of our material transactions and arrangements with Univision, see “Information on the Company — Business Overview — Univision.”
Legal Proceedings
In June 2003, the Company was notified by the Mexican tax authority of a federal tax claim made against the Company for approximately Ps. 996 million, including inflationary effects, penalties and surcharges, for an alleged asset tax liability for the year 1994. In the fourth quarter of 2007, the Company settled this tax liability according to the tax amnesty provided in the Law on Transitional Federal Revenue for fiscal year 2007; therefore, there is no longer a tax liability for the Company.
In October 2001, a claim for damages was filed in connection with an alleged copyright infringement on a technical written work titled La Lupa, or Catch the Clue. In November 2002, a final judgment was entered against us whereby we were declared liable for an amount equal to 40% of the income generated from such work. In January 2005, a motion to enforce the final judgment was filed and the parties are currently in the process of arguing before the court the amounts that we will be liable to pay to plaintiffs. Although we currently believe that the ultimate amount of damages will not be material, no assurances can be given in this regard.
We were named as a defendant in a first amended complaint dated February 23, 2006 purportedly filed by Welk Group Inc., or Welk, in California Superior Court. The complaint alleged that plaintiff owns rights to three sound recordings that we (and others) supposedly used without permission as background music (i) in certain episodes of three of our television shows (El Chavo del 8, El Chapulin Colorado and Chespirito) and (ii) possibly in ring tones and video games. The plaintiff also named our distributors in the United States (Univision, Galavision and Xenon Pictures), as well as Roberto Gomez Bolaños, the original producer of the shows, as defendants. Plaintiff sought to recover “all gains, direct and indirect profits” from defendants’ alleged wrongful conduct. On November 29, 2007, parties reached an amicable resolution of the matter and executed an out-of-court settlement. As a result, all of plaintiff’s claims have been dismissed with prejudice. The terms of the settlement agreement are confidential.
On October 18, 2004, Darlene Investments, LLC, or Darlene, a minority owner of DTVLA, filed an action in the Circuit Court of the 11th Judicial District in and for Miami-Dade County, Florida against DTVLA, DIRECTV, DIRECTV International, Inc., DIRECTV Latin America Holdings, Inc. (together, the “DIRECTV Defendants”); News Corp. Ltd.; Televisa; MCOP; Innova and Globo Communicacoes e Participacoes, S.A. The complaint sought an injunction based on allegations that the DIRECTV Defendants breached fiduciary and contractual duties to Darlene by entering into transactions with MCOP, Sky Brasil and Innova in respect of their respective DTH satellite services and that the remaining defendants aided and abetted the DIRECTV Defendant’s alleged breaches of their contractual and fiduciary duties. The complaint also asserted claims for monetary damages against the DIRECTV Defendants and News Corp. based on fraud and tortuous interference with contract. The DIRECTV Defendants moved to stay the action pending arbitration on the grounds that disputes between the DIRECTV Defendants and Darlene were subject to arbitration under their relevant contracts. On November 3, 2005, the motion to stay was granted and the judge essentially stayed all proceedings pending the arbitration among Darlene, DIRECTV and DTVLA. On January 1, 2007 Darlene filed a notice of voluntary dismissal of action therefore terminating the above-mentioned proceeding.
In May 2005, Televisa, S.A. de C.V., or Televisa, a subsidiary of the Company, filed a complaint (which was subsequently amended) in the U.S. District Court for the Central District of California, or the Court, alleging that Univision breached the PLA, as well as the December 19, 2001 letter agreement between Televisa and Univision relating to soccer broadcast rights, or the Soccer Agreement, among other claims. Univision filed related answers denying all allegations and asserting affirmative defenses, as well as related counterclaims against Televisa and the Company. Univision also claimed that the Company had breached other agreements between the parties, including a Participation Agreement entered into as of October 2, 1996 and a Telefutura Production Services Agreement. In addition, Univision claimed that the Company breached a Guaranty dated December 19, 2001, by which, among other things, the Company guaranteed that the Company’s affiliates (including Televisa) would produce a specified minimum number of telenovelas.

 

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During 2006, Televisa and the Company answered the counterclaims, denying them and asserting affirmative defenses based on Univision’s alleged breaches of the agreements, including the PLA, the Guaranty and the Soccer Agreement. Televisa also amended its complaint again, adding the Company as a plaintiff. In their amended complaint, Televisa and the Company asked for a declaration by the court that they had the right to suspend their performance under and to terminate the PLA, the Guaranty and the Soccer Agreement as a result of Univision’s alleged material breaches of those agreements. Univision filed amended counterclaims, seeking, among other things, a declaration by the Court that Televisa and the Company do not have the right to terminate or suspend performance of their obligations under the PLA or the Soccer Agreement. Also, in 2006, Televisa filed a separate lawsuit in the Los Angeles Superior Court, State of California seeking a judicial determination that on or after December 19, 2006, Televisa may transmit or permit others to transmit any television programming into the United States from Mexico by means of the internet. That lawsuit was stayed. In October 2006, Univision added a new counterclaim in the District Court Action for a judicial declaration that on or after December 19, 2006, Televisa may not transmit or permit others to transmit any television programming into the United States by means of the internet.
During 2006 and 2007, in connection with the Company’s complaint in the District Court Action, Univision made payments to the Company under protest of the disputed royalties and of other license fees that Univision alleges have been overcharged and is seeking recovery of these amounts via its counterclaims. The Company has recognized these payments made by Univision as customer deposits and advances in its consolidated balance sheets (see Note 16 to our year-end financial statements).
After a continuance motion, in June 2007, the Court, among other things, reset the trial date of the District Court Action for January 18, 2008. After an additional continuance motion, in October 2007, the Court reset the trial date in the District Court Action for March 18, 2008.
In October 2007, Univision filed a motion for summary judgment whereby it sought a judgment from the Court that Televisa’s claimed breaches of the PLA between Univision and Televisa were not material, and, therefore, the PLA was not subject to termination by Televisa. On December 21, 2007, the Court issued an order denying Univision’s motion for summary judgment.
On January 11, 2008, Univision filed a motion to continue the trial date to October 2008. Televisa opposed Univision’s motion. On February 5, 2008, the Court denied Univision’s motion to continue the trial date, and rescheduled the trial in the District Court Action for April 29, 2008.
On April 7, 2008, Univision dismissed without prejudice its counterclaims against Televisa with the exception of its claim for recoupment of disputed royalty payments made to the Company under protest and its claim for a judicial declaration that, on or after December 19, 2006, Televisa may not transmit or permit others to transmit any television programming into the United States by means of the internet, and Televisa dismissed its claim that Univision engaged in unauthorized, significant edits to certain programs licensed to Univision under the PLA and thereby infringed Televisa’s copyrights and breached the PLA with respect to such programs.
On April 22, 2008, the Court in the District Court Action conducted a final pre-trial conference. During the final pre-trial conference, the Court confirmed that the trial would commence on April 29, 2008. Further, the Court ordered that the trial of the Univision Internet Counterclaim will be bifurcated and tried to the Court after the conclusion of the jury trial regarding Televisa’s claims and Univision’s recoupment counterclaim.
On April 28, 2008, at the request of Televisa and Univision, the Court reset the trial date in the District Court Action for July 1, 2008. On June 12, 2008, at the request of Televisa and Univision, the Court further postponed the trial date for October 14, 2008.
We cannot predict how this dispute will affect our overall business relationship with Univision and our overall business. The Company believes the remaining counterclaims and affirmative defenses made by Univision are without merit and will defend its position vigorously.
See “Key Information — Risk Factors — Risk Factors Related to Our Business — Current Litigation We Are Engaged In With Univision May Affect Our Relationship With Univision”.
There are other various legal actions and other claims pending against us that are incidental to the ordinary course of our business. Our management does not consider these actions or claims to be material. See Note 11 to our year-end financial statements.

 

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New York Stock Exchange Corporate Governance Standards
As a foreign private issuer with shares listed on the NYSE, we are subject to different corporate governance requirements than a U.S. company under the NYSE listing standards. With certain exceptions, foreign private issuers are permitted to follow home country practice standards. Pursuant to Rule 303. A11 of the NYSE listed company manual, we are required to provide a summary of the significant ways in which our corporate governance practices differ from those required for U.S. companies under the NYSE listing standards.
We are a Mexican corporation with shares, in the form of CPOs listed on the Bolsa Mexicana de Valores, or Mexican Stock Exchange. Our corporate governance practices are governed by our bylaws, the Mexican Securities Market Law, and the regulations issued by the CNBV and the Mexican Stock Exchange. Although compliance is not mandatory, we also substantially comply with the Mexican Code of Best Corporate Practices (Código de Mejores Prácticas Corporativas), which was created in January 1999 by a group of Mexican business leaders and was endorsed by the Mexican Banking and Securities Commission. See “— Bylaws” for a more detailed description of our corporate governance practices.
The table below sets forth a description of the significant differences between corporate governance practices required for U.S. companies under the NYSE listing standards and the Mexican corporate governance standards that govern our practices.
     
NYSE rules   Mexican rules
Listed companies must have a majority of independent directors.
  The Mexican Securities Market Law requires that listed companies have at least 25% of independent directors. Our stockholder’s meeting is required to make a determination as to the independence of the directors. The definition of independence under the Mexican Securities Market Law differs in some aspects from the one applicable to U.S. issuers under the NYSE standard and prohibits, among other relationships, an independent director from being an employee or officer of the company or a stockholder that may have influence over our officers, relevant clients and contractors, as well as certain relationships between the independent director and family members of the independent director. In addition, our bylaws broaden the definition of independent director. Our bylaws provide for an executive committee of our board of directors. The executive committee is currently composed of six members, and there are no applicable Mexican rules that require any of the members to be independent. The executive committee may generally exercise the powers of our board of directors, subject to certain exceptions. Our Chief Executive Officer is a member of our board of directors and the executive committee.
 
   
Listed companies must have a nominating/corporate governance committee composed entirely of independent directors.
  Listed companies are required to have a corporate practices committee.
 
   
Listed companies must have a compensation committee composed entirely of independent directors.
  The Mexican Code of Best Corporate Practices recommends listed companies to have a compensation committee. While these rules are not legally binding, companies failing to comply with the Code’s recommendation must disclose publicly why their practices differ from those recommended by the Code.
 
   
Listed companies must have an audit committee with a minimum of three members and must be independent.
  The Mexican Securities Market Law requires that listed companies must have an audit committee. The Chairman and the majority of the members must be independent.
 
   
 
   
Non-management directors must meet at regularly scheduled executive sessions without management.
  Our non-management directors are not required to meet at executive sessions. The Mexican Code of Best Corporate Practices does not expressly recommend executive sessions.
 
   
Listed companies must require shareholder approval for equity compensation plans, subject to limited exemptions.
  Companies listed on the Mexican Stock Exchange are required to obtain shareholder approval for equity compensation plans, provided that such plans are subject to certain conditions.
 
   
Listed companies must adopt and disclose a code of business conduct and ethics for directors, officers and employees, and promptly disclose any waivers of the code for directors or executive officers.
  Companies listed on the Mexican Stock Exchange are not required to adopt a code of ethics. However, we have adopted a code of ethics which is available free of charge through our offices. See Item 16B “Code of Ethics” for directions on how to obtain a copy of our code of ethics. Waivers involving any of our executive officers or directors will be made only by our Board of Directors or a designated committee of the Board.

 

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Exchange Controls
For a description of exchange controls and exchange rate information, see “Key Information — Exchange Rate Information.”
Taxation
U.S. Taxes
General. The following is a summary of the anticipated material U.S. federal income tax consequences of the purchase, ownership and disposition of GDSs, CPOs and the A Shares, B Shares, L Shares and D Shares underlying the CPOs (referred to herein as the “Underlying Shares”), in each case, except as otherwise noted, by U.S. Holders (as defined below). This discussion does not address all aspects of U.S. federal income taxation that may be relevant to a particular beneficial owner of GDSs, CPOs or Underlying Shares based on the beneficial owner’s particular circumstances. For example, with respect to U.S. Holders, the following discussion does not address the U.S. federal income tax consequences to a U.S. Holder:
   
that owns, directly, indirectly or through attribution, 2% or more of the total voting power or value of our outstanding Underlying Shares (including through ownership of GDSs);
   
that is a dealer in securities, insurance company, financial institution, tax-exempt organization, U.S. expatriate, broker-dealer or trader in securities; or
 
   
whose functional currency is not the U.S. Dollar.
Also, this discussion does not consider:
   
the tax consequences to the stockholders, partners or beneficiaries of a U.S. Holder; or
   
special tax rules that may apply to a U.S. Holder that holds GDSs, CPOs or Underlying Shares as part of a “straddle,” “hedge,” “conversion transaction,” “synthetic security” or other integrated investment.
In addition, the following discussion does not address any aspect of state, local or non-U.S. tax laws other than Mexican tax laws. Further, this discussion generally applies only to U.S. Holders that hold the CPOs, GDSs or Underlying Shares as capital assets within the meaning of Section 1221 of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code § 1986, as amended (referred to herein as the “Code”).
The discussion set forth below is based on the U.S. federal income tax laws as in force on the date of this annual report, including:
   
the Code, applicable U.S. Treasury regulations and judicial and administrative interpretations, and
   
the convention between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of the United Mexican States for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with respect to Taxes on Income, including the applicable protocols, collectively referred to herein as the “U.S.–Mexico Tax Treaty,” and
   
is subject to changes to those laws and the U.S.–Mexico Tax Treaty subsequent to the date of this annual report, which changes could be made on a retroactive basis, and
   
is also based, in part, on the representations of the Depositary with respect to the GDSs and on the assumption that each obligation in the Deposit Agreement relating to the GDSs and any related agreements will be performed in accordance with their terms.

 

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As used in this section, the term “U.S. Holder” means a beneficial owner of CPOs, GDSs or Underlying Shares that is, for U.S. federal income tax purposes:
   
a citizen or individual resident of the United States;
   
a corporation (or entity treated as a corporation for such purposes) created or organized in or under the laws of the United States, or any State thereof or the District of Columbia;
   
an estate the income of which is included in gross income for U.S. federal income tax purposes regardless of source; or
   
a trust, if either (x) it is subject to the primary supervision of a court within the United States and one or more “United States persons” has the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust or (y) it has a valid election in effect under applicable U.S. Treasury regulations to be treated as a “United States person.”
If a partnership (or an entity or arrangement classified as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) holds CPOs, GDSs or Underlying Shares, the U.S. federal income tax treatment of a partner in the partnership generally will depend on the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership, and partnerships holding CPOs, GDSs or Underlying Shares should consult their own tax advisors regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences of purchasing, owning and disposing of CPOs, GDSs or Underlying Shares.
An individual may be treated as a resident of the United States in any calendar year for U.S. federal income tax purposes by being present in the United States on at least 31 days in that calendar year and for an aggregate of at least 183 days during a three-year period ending at the close of that year. For purposes of this calculation, all of the days present in the current year, one-third of the days present in the immediately preceding year and one-sixth of the days present in the second preceding year would be counted. Residents are taxed for U.S. federal income purposes as if they were U.S. citizens.
The application of the U.S.–Mexico Tax Treaty to U.S. Holders is conditioned upon, among other things, the assumptions that the U.S. Holder:
   
is not a resident of Mexico for purposes of the U.S.–Mexico Tax Treaty;
   
is an individual who has a substantial presence in the United States;
   
is entitled to the benefits of the U.S.–Mexico Tax Treaty under the limitation on benefits provision contained in Article 17 of the U.S.–Mexico Tax Treaty; and
   
does not have a fixed place of business or a permanent establishment in Mexico with which its ownership of CPOs, GDSs or Underlying Shares is effectively connected.
For U.S. federal income tax purposes, U.S. Holders of GDSs and CPOs will be treated as the beneficial owners of the Underlying Shares represented by the GDSs and CPOs.

 

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Dividends. Any distribution paid by us, including the amount of any Mexican taxes withheld, will be included in the gross income of a U.S. Holder as a dividend, treated as ordinary income, to the extent that the distribution is paid out of our current and/or accumulated earnings and profits, as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles. U.S. Holders will not be entitled to claim a dividends received deduction for dividends received from us. Distributions that are treated as dividends received from us in taxable years beginning before January 1, 2011 by a non-corporate U.S. Holder who meets certain eligibility requirements will qualify for U.S. federal income taxation at a reduced rate of 15% or lower if we are a “qualified foreign corporation.” We generally will be a “qualified foreign corporation” if either (i) we are eligible for benefits under the U.S.–Mexico Tax Treaty or (ii) the Underlying Shares or GDSs are listed on an established securities market in the United States. As we are eligible for benefits under the U.S.–Mexico Tax Treaty and the GDSs are listed on the New York Stock Exchange, we presently are a “qualified foreign corporation,” and we generally expect to be a “qualified foreign corporation” during such taxable years, but no assurance can be given that a change in circumstances will not affect our treatment as a “qualified foreign corporation” in any of such taxable years. A non-corporate U.S. Holder will not be eligible for the reduced rate (a) if the U.S. Holder has not held the Underlying Shares, CPOs or GDSs for at least 61 days of the 121-day period beginning on the date which is 60 days before the ex-dividend date, (b) to the extent the U.S. Holder is under an obligation to make related payments on substantially similar or related property or (c) with respect to any portion of a dividend that is taken into account as investment income under Section 163(d)(4)(B) of the Code. Any days during which a U.S. Holder has diminished the U.S. Holder’s risk of loss with respect to the Underlying Shares, CPOs or GDSs (for example, by holding an option to sell such Underlying Shares, CPOs or GDSs) is not counted towards meeting the 61-day holding period. Special rules apply in determining the foreign tax credit limitation with respect to dividends subject to U.S. federal income taxation at the reduced rate. U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisors concerning whether dividends received by them qualify for the reduced rate.
To the extent, if any, that the amount of a distribution exceeds our current and/or accumulated earnings and profits, the distribution will first reduce the U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis in its Underlying Shares, CPOs or GDSs and, to the extent the distribution exceeds the U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis, it will be treated as gain from the sale of the U.S. Holder’s Underlying Shares, CPOs or GDSs.
The U.S. Dollar value of any dividends paid in Pesos, including the amount of any Mexican taxes withheld, will be calculated by reference to the interbank exchange rate in effect on the date of receipt by the U.S. Holder or, with respect to the GDSs, The Bank of New York, in its capacity as Depositary, regardless of whether the payment is in fact converted into U.S. Dollars. U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the treatment of any foreign currency gain or loss on any dividends paid in Pesos that are not converted into U.S. Dollars on the day the Pesos are received. For U.S. foreign tax credit purposes, dividends distributed by us on CPOs, GDSs or Underlying Shares generally will constitute foreign source “passive income” or, in the case of some U.S. Holders, foreign source “general category income”.
In general, pro rata distributions of additional shares with respect to the Underlying Shares that are part of a pro rata distribution to all of our stockholders generally (including U.S. Holders of GDSs) will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax.
A beneficial owner of CPOs, GDSs or Underlying Shares that is not a U.S. Holder and is not a partnership (or an entity or arrangement classified as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) will not be subject to U.S. federal income or withholding tax on a dividend paid with respect to the CPOs, GDSs or the Underlying Shares, unless the dividend is effectively connected with the conduct by the beneficial owner of a trade or business in the United States.
Capital Gains. Gain or loss recognized by a U.S. Holder on a taxable sale or exchange of CPOs, GDSs or Underlying Shares will be subject to U.S. federal income taxation as capital gain or loss in an amount equal to the difference between the amount realized on the sale or exchange and the U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis in the CPOs, GDSs or Underlying Shares. Such capital gain or loss generally will be long-term capital gain or loss if the CPOs, GDSs or Underlying Shares have been held for more than one year at the time of disposition.
Such capital gains generally will be U.S. source income, unless the gains are subject to Mexican taxation, in which case such gains generally will be treated as arising in Mexico under the U.S.–Mexico Tax Treaty. If capital gains are subject to Mexican taxation under the U.S.–Mexico Tax Treaty, a U.S. Holder generally may elect to treat such gains as foreign source income for U.S. foreign tax credit limitation purposes. However, any such Mexican taxes may not be used to offset U.S. federal income tax on any other item of income, and foreign taxes on any other item of income cannot be used to offset U.S. federal income tax on such gains. U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisors.
Capital losses recognized on the sale or exchange of CPOs, GDSs or Underlying Shares generally will offset U.S. source income. Deposits and withdrawals of CPOs for GDSs and of Underlying Shares for CPOs by U.S. Holders will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax.

 

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A beneficial owner of CPOs, GDSs or Underlying Shares that is not a U.S. Holder and is not a partnership (or an entity or arrangement classified as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on gain recognized on a sale or exchange of CPOs, GDSs or Underlying Shares unless:
   
the gain is effectively connected with the beneficial owner’s conduct of a trade or business in the United States; or
   
the beneficial owner is an individual who holds CPOs, GDSs or Underlying Shares as a capital asset, is present in the United States for 183 days or more in the taxable year of the sale or exchange and meets other requirements.
U.S. Backup Withholding. A U.S. Holder may be subject to U.S. information reporting and U.S. backup withholding on dividends paid on Underlying Shares, and on proceeds from the sale or other disposition of CPOs, GDSs or Underlying Shares, unless the U.S. Holder:
   
is a corporation or comes within an exempt category; or
 
   
provides a taxpayer identification number, certifies as to no loss of exemption from backup withholding tax and otherwise complies with the applicable requirements of the backup withholding rules.
The amount of any backup withholding will be allowed as a credit against the U.S. Holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability and may entitle such holder to a refund, provided, however, that certain required information is timely furnished to the U.S. Internal Revenue Service. A beneficial owner of CPOs, GDSs or Underlying Shares that is not a U.S. Holder may be required to comply with certification and identification procedures in order to establish its exemption from backup withholding.
Federal Mexican Taxation
General. The following is a general summary of the principal tax consequences under the Mexican Income Tax Law, Federal Tax Code and rules as currently in effect (the “Mexican Tax Legislation”), all of which are subject to change or interpretation, and under the U.S.-Mexico Tax Treaty, of the purchase, ownership and disposition of CPOs, GDSs or underlying A Shares, B Shares, L Shares and D Shares by a person that is not a resident of Mexico for tax purposes, as defined below.
U.S. Holders should consult with their own tax advisors as to their entitlement to benefits afforded by the U.S.-Mexico Tax Treaty. Mexico has also entered into and is negotiating with various countries regarding other tax treaties that may have an effect on the tax treatment of CPOs, GDSs or underlying shares. Holders should consult with their tax advisors as to their entitlement to the benefits afforded by these treaties.
This discussion does not constitute, and shall not be considered as, legal or tax advice to holders.
According to the Mexican Tax Legislation:
 
an individual is a Mexican tax resident if the individual has established his permanent home in Mexico. When an individual, in addition to his permanent home in Mexico, has a permanent home in another country, the individual will be a Mexican tax resident if his center of vital interests is located in Mexico. This will be deemed to occur if, among other circumstances, either (i) more than 50% of the total income obtained by the individual in the calendar year is Mexican source or (ii) when the individual’s center of professional activities is located in Mexico. Mexican nationals who filed a change of tax residence to a country or jurisdiction that does not have a comprehensive exchange of information agreement with Mexico in which her/his income is subject to a preferred tax regime pursuant to the provisions of the Mexican Income Tax Law, will be considered Mexican residents for tax purposes during the year of filing of the notice of such residence change and during the following three years. Unless otherwise proven, a Mexican national is considered a Mexican tax resident;
 
 
a legal entity is considered a Mexico tax resident if it maintains the main administration of its head office, business, or the effective location of its management in Mexico.
 
 
a foreign person with a permanent establishment in Mexico will be required to pay taxes in Mexico in accordance with the Mexican Tax Legislation for income attributable to such permanent establishment; and
 
 
a foreign person without a permanent establishment in Mexico will be required to pay taxes in Mexico in respect of revenues proceeding from sources of wealth located in national territory.
Dividends. Dividends, either in cash or in any other form, paid with respect to the shares underlying the CPOs, including those CPOs represented by GDSs, will not be subject to Mexican withholding tax.

 

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When dividends are paid from our “previously taxed net earnings account,” or “cuenta de utilidad fiscal neta,” we will not be required to pay any Mexican corporate income tax on the dividends. During 2008, if dividends are not paid from our “previously taxed net earnings account,” we will be required to pay a 28% Mexican corporate income tax (“CIT”) on the dividends multiplied by 1.3889.
Sales or Other Dispositions. Deposits and withdrawals of CPOs for GDSs and of underlying A Shares, B Shares, L Shares and D Shares for CPOs will not give rise to Mexican tax or transfer duties.
Generally, the sale or other disposition of CPOs, GDSs or underlying A Shares, L Shares and D Shares will not be subject to any Mexican income tax if the sale is carried out through the Mexican Stock Exchange (or a recognized securities market located in a country with which Mexico has entered into a tax treaty) fulfilling the requirements established in the Mexican Tax Legislation.
Sales or other dispositions of CPOs, GDSs or underlying A Shares, B Shares, L Shares and D Shares made in other circumstances would be subject to Mexican income tax. However, under the U.S.-Mexico Tax Treaty, any U.S. Holder that is eligible to claim the benefits of the U.S.-Mexico Tax Treaty may be exempt from Mexican tax on gains realized on a sale or other disposition of CPOs and shares underlying the CPOs in a transaction that is not carried out through the Mexican Stock Exchange or such other approved securities markets. The U.S. Holder will be exempt under the U.S.-Mexico Tax Treaty if the U.S. Holder did not own directly or indirectly 25% or more of the our outstanding shares within the 12-month period preceding such sale or disposition. Gains realized by other Holders that are eligible to receive benefits pursuant to other income tax treaties to which Mexico is a party may be exempt from Mexican income tax in whole or in part. Non-U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisors as to their possible eligibility under such other income tax treaties. Appropriate tax residence certifications must be obtained by Holders eligible for U.S.-Mexico Tax Treaty benefits.
Other Mexican Taxes. There are no estate, gift, or succession taxes applicable to the ownership, transfer or disposition of CPOs, GDSs or underlying A Shares, B Shares, L Shares and D Shares. However, a gratuitous transfer of CPOs, GDSs or underlying A Shares, B Shares, L Shares and D Shares may, in some circumstances, result in the imposition of a Mexican federal tax upon the recipient. There are no Mexican stamp, issuer, registration or similar taxes or duties payable by holders of GDSs, CPOs, or underlying A Shares, B Shares, L Shares and D Shares.
Documents on Display
For further information with respect to us and our CPOs and GDSs, we refer you to the filings we have made with the SEC. Statements contained in this annual report concerning the contents of any contract or any other document are not necessarily complete. If a contract or document has been filed as an exhibit to any filing we have made with the SEC, we refer you to the copy of the contract or document that has been filed. Each statement in this annual report relating to a contract or document filed as an exhibit to any filing we have made with the SEC is qualified in its entirety by the filed exhibit.
Televisa is subject to the informational requirements of the Exchange Act and in accordance therewith files reports and other information with the SEC. Reports and other information filed by Televisa with the SEC can be inspected and copied at the public reference facilities maintained by the SEC at its Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, N.E., Room 1580, Washington, D.C. 20549. You may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. Such materials can also be inspected at the offices of the New York Stock Exchange, Inc., 20 Broad Street, New York, New York 10005. Any filings we make electronically will be available to the public over the Internet at the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.
We furnish The Bank of New York, the depositary for our GDSs, with annual reports in English. These reports contain audited consolidated financial statements that have been prepared in accordance with Mexican FRS, and include reconciliations of net income and stockholders’ equity to U.S. GAAP. The historical financial statements included in these reports have been examined and reported on, with an opinion expressed by, an independent auditor. The depositary is required to mail our annual reports to all holders of record of our GDSs. The Deposit Agreement for the GDSs also requires us to furnish the depositary with English translations of all notices of stockholders’ meetings and other reports and communications that we send to holders of our CPOs. The depositary is required to mail these notices, reports and communications to holders of record of our GDSs.
As a foreign private issuer, we are not required to furnish proxy statements to holders of our CPOs or GDSs in the U.S.

 

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Item 11. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Market Risk Disclosures
Market risk is the exposure to an adverse change in the value of financial instruments caused by interest rate changes, foreign currency fluctuations, inflation and changes in the market value of investments. The following information includes “forward-looking statements” that involve risks and uncertainties. Actual results could differ from those presented. Unless otherwise indicated, all information below is presented on a Mexican FRS basis in constant Pesos in purchasing power as of December 31, 2007.
Risk Management. We are exposed to market risks arising from changes in interest rates, inflation, foreign currency exchange rates and equity prices, in both the Mexican and U.S. markets. Our risk management activities are monitored by our Risk Management Committee and reported to our Executive Committee.
We monitor our exposure to interest rate risk by: (i) evaluating differences between interest rates on our outstanding debt and short-term investments and market interest rates on similar financial instruments; (ii) reviewing our cash flow needs and financial ratios (interest coverage); (iii) assessing current and forecasted trends in the relevant markets; and (iv) evaluating peer group and industry practices. This approach allows us to establish the optimal liability’s interest rate “mix” between variable and fixed rate debt.
Foreign exchange risk is monitored by assessing our net monetary liability position in U.S. Dollars and our forecasted cash flow needs for anticipated U.S. Dollar investments and servicing our U.S. Dollar-denominated debt. Equity price risk is assessed by evaluating the long-term value of our investment in both domestic and foreign affiliates, versus comparable investments in the marketplace. We classify our equity investments, consisting of investments in both domestic and foreign affiliates, as long-term assets.
In compliance with the procedures and controls established by our Risk Management Committee, in 2005, 2006 and 2007 we entered into certain derivative financial transactions with certain financial institutions in order to manage our exposure to market risks resulting from changes in foreign exchange rates, interest rates, inflation and the price of our common stock. Our objective in managing foreign currency and inflation fluctuations is to reduce earnings and cash flow volatility. See Notes 1(p) and 9 to our year-end financial statements.
Foreign Currency, Exchange Rate Risk
From November 2005 through January 2006, we entered into forward exchange contracts on a notional amount of U.S.$120.0 million to exchange U.S. Dollars and Pesos at a fixed exchange rate in June 2006 in order to cover our U.S. Dollar cash flow requirements.
Interest Rate Risk
In connection with the Senior Notes due 2011, 2025 and 2032 and Sky’s Senior Notes due 2013, we entered into cross-currency interest rate swap agreements, or coupon swaps, that allow us to hedge against Peso depreciation on the interest payments for a period of five years. As a result of the tender of the Senior Notes due 2011, we reclassified part of the “coupon swap” agreements to the recently issued Senior Notes due 2025. During the second quarter of 2005, we entered into an additional U.S.$242.0 million of the principal amount. In November 2005, we entered into option contracts that allow our counterparty to extend the maturity of such coupon swaps for one year on a principal amount of U.S.$890.0 million. In January 2008, we terminated part of these option contracts early for a notional amount of U.S.$200.0 million and with no material additional gain or loss. During the first quarter of 2006, as a result of the cash tender offer of Senior Notes due 2013, Sky terminated U.S.$288.75 million of the principal amount of the “coupon swaps” early to match the notional amount of notes tendered. As of May 31, 2008, such cross-currency interest rate swap agreements correspond to interest payments on U.S.$900.98 million of the principal amount.
As of May 31, 2008, and December 31, 2007 and 2006, the net fair value of the cross-currency interest rate swap agreements including the option contracts was a liability of U.S$21.9 million, U.S$18.1 million and U.S.$29.2 million, respectively. The increase in the potential loss in fair value for such instruments from a hypothetical 5% adverse change in quoted Mexican Peso exchange rate would be approximately U.S.$7.0 million, U.S.$9.9 million and U.S.$13.4 million at May 31, 2008, and December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively.
During March and April 2005, May 2007 and November 2007 in connection with and ahead of the issuance and reopening of the Senior Notes due 2025 and ahead of the issuance of the Senior Notes due 2037 and the Senior Notes due 2018 we entered into agreements that allow us to hedge against increases in the U.S. Treasury interest rates, and to hedge against increases on the M Bono interest rates on the pricing date of the Notes for a notional amount of U.S.$500.0 million, Ps.2,000.00 million and U.S.$150.0 million, respectively. These hedges resulted in an accumulated net loss of U.S.$3.4 million and a net gain of Ps.45.1 million.

 

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In connection with Sky’s variable rate bank loans guaranteed by Televisa, in December 2006, we entered into forward starting interest rate swap agreements on a notional amount of Ps.1,400 million. These agreements involve the exchange of amounts based on a variable interest rate for an amount based on fixed rates, without exchange of the notional amount upon which the payments are based. These agreements will allow us to fix the coupon payments for a period of seven years at an interest rate of 8.415% starting on April 2009.
As of May 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, the net fair value of the interest rate swap was an asset of Ps.34 million and, Ps34.1 million, respectively. The potential loss in fair value for such instruments from a hypothetical 50 bps adverse change in market interest rates would be approximately Ps.39.3 million, and Ps.35.4 million at May 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively. This sensitivity analysis assumes a downward parallel shift in the Mexican Interest Rates Swaps Yield Curve.
In December 2007, in connection with the Empresas Cablevisión variable rate loan denominated in U.S. Dollars and due 2012, we entered into a cross-currency swap agreement on a nominal amount of U.S.$225.0 million. This agreement involves the exchange of variable rate coupon payments in U.S. Dollars for fixed rate coupon payments in Pesos, and the principal amount in U.S. Dollars for a principal amount in Pesos. The principal amount for the final exchange is Ps.2,435.0 million with an interest rate of 8.365% for the coupon payments.
As of May 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, the net fair value of the cross-currency swap was a (liability) asset of U.S.$(15.3) million and U.S.$1.8 million, respectively. The potential loss in fair value for such instruments from a hypothetical 50 bps adverse change in market interest rates would be approximately U.S.$5.3 million and U.S.$4.4 million at May 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively. This sensitivity analysis assumes a downward parallel shift in the Mexican Interest Rates Swap Yield Curve.
Sensitivity and Fair Value Analyses
The sensitivity analyses that follow are intended to present the hypothetical change in fair value or loss in earnings due to changes in interest rates, inflation rates, foreign exchange rates and debt and equity market prices as they affect our financial instruments at December 31, 2006 and 2007. These analyses address market risk only and do not present other risks that we face in the ordinary course of business, including country risk and credit risk. The hypothetical changes reflect our view of changes that are reasonably possible over a one-year period. For purposes of the following sensitivity analyses, we have made conservative assumptions of expected near-term future changes in U.S. interest rates, Mexican interest rates, inflation rates and Peso to U.S. Dollar exchange rates of 10%, 10%, 10% and 5%, respectively. The results of the analyses do not purport to represent actual changes in fair value or losses in earnings that we will incur.
                         
    Fair Value at December 31,  
    2006     2007     2007  
    (Millions of Pesos in purchasing power as of December 31, 2007 or millions of U.S. Dollars)(1)  
Assets:
                       
Temporary investments(2)
  Ps. 15,703.8     Ps. 26,461.4     U.S.$ 2,422.7  
Liabilities:
                       
U.S. Dollar-denominated debt:
                       
Senior Notes due 2011(3)
    880.9       861.3       78.9  
Senior Notes due 2032(4)
    4,186.4       4,046.1       370.4  
Innova’s Senior Notes due 2013(5)
    133.0       132.7       12.2  
Senior Notes due 2025(6)
    7,050.5       6,747.5       617.8  
J.P. Morgan Chase Bank, N.A. Loan due 2012(7)
          2,456.5       224.9  
Peso-denominated debt:
                       
Senior Notes due 2037(8)
          4,280.6       391.9  
Long-term notes payable to Mexican Banks(9)
    7,598.9       7,403.8       677.9  
Derivative financial instruments(10)
    326.8       219.0       20.0  
 
     
(1)  
Peso amounts have been converted to U.S. Dollars solely for the convenience of the reader at a nominal exchange rate of Ps.10.9222 per U.S. Dollar, the Interbank Rate as of December 31, 2007.
 
(2)  
At December 31, 2007, our temporary investments consisted of fixed rate short-term deposits, structured notes and corporate fixed income securities (primarily Peso- and U.S. Dollar-denominated in 2006 and 2007). Given the short-term nature of these investments, an increase in U.S. and/or Mexican interest rates would not significantly decrease the fair value of these investments.

 

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(3)  
At December 31, 2007, fair value exceeded the carrying value of these notes by Ps.75.4 million (U.S.$6.9 million). The increase in the fair value of these notes of a hypothetical 10% increase in the quoted market price of these notes would amount to approximately Ps.161.6 million (U.S.$14.8 million) at December 31, 2007.
 
(4)  
At December 31, 2007, fair value exceeded the carrying value of these notes by Ps.769.4 million (U.S.$70.4 million). The increase in the fair value of these notes of a hypothetical 10% increase in the quoted market price of these notes would amount to approximately Ps.1,174.0 million (U.S.$107.5 million) at December 31, 2007.
 
(5)  
At December 31, 2007, fair value exceeded the carrying value of these notes by Ps.9.8 million (U.S.$0.9 million). The increase in the fair value of these notes of a hypothetical 10% increase in the quoted market price of these notes would amount to approximately Ps.23.1 million (U.S.$2.1 million) at December 31, 2007.
 
(6)  
At December 31, 2007, fair value exceeded the carrying value of these notes by Ps.194.2 million (U.S.$17.8 million). The increase in the fair value of these notes of a hypothetical 10% increase in the quoted market price of these notes would amount to approximately Ps.868.9 million (U.S.$79.5 million) at December 31, 2007.
 
(7)  
At December 31, 2007, carrying value exceeded the fair value of these notes by Ps.1.0 million (U.S.$0.1 million). Assuming an increase in the fair value of these notes of a hypothetical 10% increase in the quoted market price of these notes, the fair value would exceed the carrying value by approximately Ps.244.6 million (U.S.$22.4 million) at December 31, 2007.
 
(8)  
At December 31, 2007, carrying value exceeded the fair value of these notes by Ps.219.4 million (U.S.$20.1 million). Assuming an increase in the fair value of these notes of a hypothetical 10% increase in the quoted market price of these notes, the fair value would exceed the carrying value by approximately Ps.208.6 million (U.S.$19.1 million) at December 31, 2007.
 
(9)  
At December 31, 2007, fair value exceeded the carrying value of these notes by Ps.261.3 million (U.S.$23.9 million). At December 31, 2007, a hypothetical 10% increase in Mexican interest rates would increase the fair value of these notes by approximately Ps.1,001.7 million (U.S.$91.7 million) at December 31, 2007.
 
(10)  
Given the nature of these derivative instruments, an increase of 10% in the interest and or exchange rates would not have a significant impact on the fair value of these financial instruments.
We are also subject to the risk of foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations, resulting from the net monetary position in U.S. Dollars of our Mexican operations, as follows:
                 
    Year Ended December 31,  
    2006     2007  
    (In millions of U.S. Dollars)  
U.S. Dollar-denominated monetary assets, primarily short-term investments and long-term notes receivable
  U.S.$ 2,199.9     U.S.$ 2,130.1  
U.S. Dollar-denominated monetary liabilities, primarily senior debt securities and other notes payable
    1,276.4       1,725.0  
 
           
 
    (923.5 )     (405.1 )
Derivative instruments, net
    6.3       4.7  
 
           
Net asset position
  U.S.$ (917.2 )   U.S.$ (400.4 )
 
           
At December 31, 2007, a hypothetical 5.0% depreciation in the U.S. Dollar to Peso exchange rate would result in a gain in earnings of Ps.218.7 million. This depreciation rate is based on the December 31, 2007 forecast of the U.S. Dollar to Peso exchange rate for 2008 by the Mexican government for such year.

 

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Item 12. Description of Securities Other than Equity Securities
Not applicable.
Part II
Item 13. Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies
Not applicable.
Item 14. Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds
Not applicable.
Item 15. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Based on the evaluation as of December 31, 2007, the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer of the Company have concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in the Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) are effective to ensure that the information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or submits under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including our Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
The Company’s management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting and for the assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) of the Exchange Act.
Management assessed the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2007. In making this assessment, management used the criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Based on this assessment, management has concluded that the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2007.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
There was no change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) that occurred during the year ended December 31, 2007 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting.
PricewaterhouseCoopers, an independent registered public accounting firm, has audited the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2007, as stated in their report which is included herein.
Item 16A. Audit Committee Financial Expert
Our board of directors has determined that Mr. Francisco José Chévez Robelo is our audit committee financial expert. Mr. Francisco José Chévez Robelo is “independent” and meets the requisite qualifications as defined in Item 16A of Form 20-F.

 

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Item 16B. Code of Ethics
We have adopted a written code of ethics that applies to all of our employees, including our principal executive officer, principal financial officer and principal accounting officer.
You may request a copy of our code of ethics, at no cost, by writing to or telephoning us as follows:
Grupo Televisa, S.A.B.
Avenida Vasco de Quiroga, No. 2000
Colonia Santa Fe, 01210 México, D.F., México.
Telephone: (52) (55) 5261-2000.
Item 16C. Principal Accountant Fees and Services
PricewaterhouseCoopers acted as our independent auditor for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2006 and 2007.
The chart below sets forth the total amount billed by our independent auditors for services performed in the years 2006 and 2007, and breaks down these amounts by category of service:
                 
    2006     2007  
    (in millions of Pesos in purchasing power  
    as of December 31, 2007)  
Audit Fees
  Ps. 53.8     Ps. 54.6  
Audit-Related Fees
    14.5       3.8  
Tax Fees
    5.0       7.1  
Other Fees
    8.9       0.2  
 
           
Total
  Ps. 82.2     Ps. 65.7  
 
           
“Audit Fees” are the aggregate fees billed by our independent auditor for the audit of our consolidated annual financial statements, services related to regulatory financial filings with the SEC and attestation services that are provided in connection with statutory and regulatory filings or engagements.
“Audit-Related Fees” are fees charged by our independent auditor for assurance and related services that are reasonably related to the performance of the audit or review of our financial statements and are not reported under “Audit Fees.” This category comprises fees billed for independent accountant review of our interim financial statements in connection with the offering of our debt securities, advisory services associated with our financial reporting, and due diligence reviews in connection with potential acquisitions and business combinations.
“Tax Fees” are fees for professional services rendered by the Company’s independent auditor for tax compliance in connection with our subsidiaries and interests in the United States, as well as tax advice on actual or contemplated transactions.
“Other Fees” are fees charged by our independent auditor primarily for performing royalty compliance reviews in 2006 for certain revenue reported in our Programming Exports segment.
We have procedures for the review and pre-approval of any services performed by PricewaterhouseCoopers. The procedures require that all proposed engagements of PricewaterhouseCoopers for audit and non-audit services are submitted to the audit committee for approval prior to the beginning of any such services.
Audit Committee Pre-approval Policies and Procedures
Our audit committee is responsible, among other things, for the appointment, compensation and oversight of our external auditors. To assure the independence of our independent auditors, our audit committee pre-approves annually a catalog of specific audit and non-audit services in the categories Audit Services, Audit-Related Services, Tax-Related Services, and Other Services that may be performed by our auditors, as well as the budgeted fee levels for each of these categories. All other permitted services must receive a specific approval from our audit committee. Our external auditor periodically provides a report to our audit committee in order for our audit committee to review the services that our external auditor is providing, as well as the status and cost of those services.

 

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During 2006 and 2007, none of the services provided to us by our external auditors were approved by our audit committee pursuant to the de minimus exception to the pre-approval requirement provided by paragraph (c)(7)(i)(C) of Rule 2-01 of Regulation S-X.
Item 16D. Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees
Not applicable.
Item 16E. Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers
The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, information regarding purchases of any of our equity securities registered pursuant to Section 12 of the Exchange Act made by us or on our behalf or by or on behalf of any affiliated purchaser (as that term is defined in Rule 10b-18(a)(3) under the Exchange Act):
Purchases of Equity Securities by Televisa(3)
                                 
                            Maximum Number (or  
                    Total Number of     Appropriate Mexican Peso  
                    CPOs     Value) of CPOs  
    Total Number             Purchased as part of     that May Yet Be  
    of CPOs     Average Price     Publicly Announced     Purchased Under the  
Purchase Date   Purchased     Paid per CPO(1)     Plans or Programs     Plans or Programs(2)  
January 1 to January 31
    1,829,000       60.781037       137,464,600     Ps. 1,668,894,542  
February 1 to February 29
    2,700,000       63.355787       140,164,600       1,497,833,918  
March 1 to March 31
    9,799,400       62.136777       149,964,000       888,930,781  
April 1 to April 30
    5,698,400       64.364994       155,662,400       17,962,627,860  
May 1 to May 31
    9,876,000       62.924817       165,538,400       17,341,182,352  
June 1 to June 30
    11,100,000       59.819166       176,638,400       16,677,189,637  
July 1 to July 31
    2,550,000       58.156673       179,188,400       16,528,890,127  
August 1 to August 31
    5,815,000       54.979506       185,003,400       16,209,184,262  
September 1 to September 30
    4,646,500       55.973979       189,649,900       15,949,101,159  
October 1 to October 31
    3,150,000       53.401222       192,799,900       15,780,887,309  
November 1 to November 30
    7,375,500       50.823180       200,175,400       15,406,040,894  
December 1 to December 31
    2,649,900       52.808291       202,825,300       15,266,104,241  
Total
    67,189,700     Ps. 58.854755       202,825,300     Ps. 15,266,104,241  
 
     
(1)  
The values have not been restated in constant Mexican Pesos and therefore represent nominal historical figures.
 
(2)  
Our share repurchase program was announced in September of 2002 and is set to expire December 31, 2008. Our share repurchase program is limited to a total amount of U.S.$400 million. The total amount of our share repurchase program was updated in accordance with the resolution of the Grupo Televisa S.A.B.’s general stockholders meeting, held on April 27, 2007.
 
(3)  
Table does not include repurchases or purchases by the special purpose trust formed in connection with our stock purchase plan.

 

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Purchases of Equity Securities by Special Purpose Trust
formed in connection with Stock Purchase Plan(1)
CPOs
                                 
                            Maximum Number (or  
                            Appropriate Mexican Peso  
                            Value) of CPOs  
                    Total Number of     that May Yet Be  
    Total Number             CPOs     Purchased Under the  
    of CPOs     Average Price     Purchased as part of     Stock Purchase  
Purchase Date   Purchased     Paid per CPO(2)     the Stock Purchase Plan     Plan(3)  
January 1 to January 31
    350,000     Ps. 59.7301       59,513,300          
February 1 to February 29
    750,000       63.2971       60,263,300          
March 1 to March 31
    938,300       61.6196       61,201,600          
April 1 to April 30
    1,830,000       64.7597       63,031,600          
May 1 to May 31
    1,360,000       63.0424       64,391,600          
June 1 to June 30
    1,300,000       60.1698       65,691,600          
July 1 to July 31
    260,000       57.7627       65,951,600          
August 1 to August 31
    100,000       55.2000       66,051,600          
September 1 to September 30
    395,000       55.2544       66,446,600          
October 1 to October 31
          0.0000       66,446,600          
November 1 to November 30
          0.0000       66,446,600          
December 1 to December 31
    200,000       52.0463       66,646,600          
Total
    7,483,300     Ps. 61.6623       66,646,600          
 
     
(1)  
See “Directors, Senior Management and Employees — Stock Purchase Plan” for a description of the implementation, limits and other terms of our Stock Purchase Plan.
 
(2)  
The values have not been restated in constant Mexican Pesos and therefore represent nominal historical figures.
 
(3)  
Since the number of additional shares that may be issued pursuant to our Stock Purchase Plan is affected by, among other things, the number of shares held by the special equity trust, periodic grants made to certain executives, the performance of those executives and the number of shares subject to other employee benefit plans, it would be misleading to imply that there is a defined maximum number of shares that remain to be purchased pursuant to our Stock Purchase Plan.
Part III
Item 17. Financial Statements
We have responded to Item 18 in lieu of Item 17.
Item 18. Financial Statements
See pages F-1 through F-55, which are incorporated herein by reference.
Item 19. Exhibits
Documents filed as exhibits to this annual report appear on the following
(a) Exhibits.

 

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EXHIBIT INDEX
         
Exhibit        
Number       Description of Exhibits
1.1
    English translation of Amended and Restated Bylaws (Estatutos Sociales) of the Registrant, dated as of April 30, 2008.
2.1
    Indenture relating to Senior Debt Securities, dated as of August 8, 2000, between the Registrant, as Issuer, and The Bank of New York, as Trustee (previously filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission as Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form F-4 (File number 333-12738), as amended (the “2000 Form F-4”), and incorporated herein by reference).
2.2
    Third Supplemental Indenture relating to the 8% Senior Notes due 2011, dated as of September 13, 2001, between the Registrant, as Issuer, and The Bank of New York and Banque Internationale à Luxembourg, S.A. (previously filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission as Exhibit 4.4 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form F-4 (File number 333-14200) (the “2001 Form F-4”) and incorporated herein by reference).
2.3
    Fourth Supplemental Indenture relating to the 8.5% Senior Exchange Notes due 2032 between the Registrant, as Issuer, and The Bank of New York and Dexia Banque Internationale à Luxembourg (previously filed with the Securities Exchange Commission as Exhibit 4.5 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form F-4 (the “2002 Form F-4”) and incorporated herein by reference).
2.4
    Fifth Supplemental Indenture relating to the 8% Senior Notes due 2011 between Registrant, as Issuer, and The Bank of New York and Dexia Banque Internationale à Luxembourg (previously filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission as Exhibit 4.5 to the 2001 Form F-4 and incorporated herein by reference).
2.5
    Sixth Supplemental Indenture relating to the 8.5% Senior Notes due 2032 between Registrant, as Issuer, and The Bank of New York and Dexia Banque Internationale à Luxembourg (previously filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission as Exhibit 4.7 to the 2002 Form F-4 and incorporated herein by reference).
2.6
    Seventh Supplemental Indenture relating to the 6 5/8% Senior Notes due 2025 between Registrant, as Issuer, and The Bank of New York and Dexia Banque Internationale à Luxembourg, dated March 18, 2005 (previously filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission as Exhibit 2.8 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2004 (the “2004 Form 20-F”) and incorporated herein by reference).
2.7
    Eighth Supplemental Indenture relating to the 6 5/8% Senior Notes due 2025 between Registrant, as Issuer, and The Bank of New York and Dexia Banque Internationale à Luxembourg, dated May 26, 2005 (previously filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission as Exhibit 2.9 to the 2004 Form 20-F and incorporated herein by reference).
2.8
    Ninth Supplemental Indenture relating to the 6 5/8% Senior Notes due 2025 between Registrant, as Issuer, The Bank of New York and Dexia Banque Internationale à Luxembourg, dated September 6, 2005 (previously filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission as Exhibit 2.8 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2005 (the “2005 Form 20-F”) and incorporated herein by reference).
2.9
    Tenth Supplemental Indenture related to the 8.49% Senior Notes due 2037 between Registrant, as Issuer, The Bank of New York and The Bank of New York (Luxembourg) S.A., dated as of May 9, 2007 (previously filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission as Exhibit 2.9 to the 2006 Form 20-F and incorporated herein by reference).
2.10
    Form of Eleventh Supplemental Indenture related to the 8.49% Senior Exchange Notes due 2037 between Registrant, as Issuer, The Bank of New York and The Bank of New York (Luxembourg) S.A. (previously filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission as Exhibit 4.12 to the Registrants’s Registration Statement on Form F-4/A (File number 333-144460) (the 2007 Form F-4/A) and incorporated herein by reference).
2.11
    Twelfth Supplemental Indenture related to the 6.0% Senior Notes due 2018 between Registrant, as Issuer, The Bank of New York and The Bank of New York (Luxembourg) S.A., dated as of May 12, 2008
2.12
    Form of Deposit Agreement between the Registrant, The Bank of New York, as depositary and all holders and beneficial owners of the Global Depositary Shares, evidenced by Global Depositary Receipts (previously filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission as an Exhibit to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form F-6 (File number 333-146130) (the “2007 Form F-6”) and incorporated herein by reference).
4.1
    Form of Indemnity Agreement between the Registrant and its directors and executive officers (previously filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission as Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form F-4 (File number 33-69636), as amended, (the “1993 Form F-4”) and incorporated herein by reference).
4.2
    Amended and Restated Collateral Trust Agreement, dated as of June 13, 1997, as amended, among PanAmSat Corporation, Hughes Communications, Inc., Satellite Company, LLC, the Registrant and IBJ Schroder Bank and Trust Company (previously filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission as an Exhibit to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2001 (the “2001 Form 20-F”) and incorporated herein by reference).

 

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Exhibit        
Number       Description of Exhibits
4.3
    Amended and Restated Program License Agreement, dated as of December 19, 2001, by and between Productora de Teleprogramas, S.A. de C.V. and Univision Communications Inc. (“Univision”) (previously filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission as Exhibit 10.7 to the 2001 Form F-4 and incorporated herein by reference).
4.4
    Participation Agreement, dated as of October 2, 1996, by and among Univision, Perenchio, the Registrant, Venevision and certain of their respective affiliates (previously filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission as Exhibit 10.8 to Univision’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File number 333-6309) (the “Univision Form S-1”) and incorporated herein by reference).
4.5
    Amended and Restated International Program Rights Agreement, dated as of December 19, 2001, by and among Univision, Venevision and the Registrant (previously filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission as Exhibit 10.9 to the 2001 Form F-4 and incorporated herein by reference).
4.6
    Co-Production Agreement, dated as of March 27, 1998, between the Registrant and Univision Network Limited Partnership (previously filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission as an Exhibit to Univision’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1997 and incorporated herein by reference).
4.7
    Program License Agreement, dated as of May 31, 2005, between Registrant and Univision (previously filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission as Exhibit 4.7 to the 2005 Form 20-F and incorporated herein by reference).
4.8
    Amended and Restated Bylaws (Estatutos Sociales) of Innova, S. de R.L. de C.V. (“Innova”) dated as of December 22, 1998 (previously filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission as an Exhibit to Innova’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2004 and incorporated herein by reference).
4.9
    English translation of investment agreement, dated as of March 26, 2006, between Registrant and M/A and Gestora de Inversiones Audiovisuales La Sexta, S.A. (previously filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission as Exhibit 4.7 to the 2005 Form 20-F and incorporated herein by reference).
4.10
    English summary of Ps.1,162.5 million credit agreement, dated as of May 17, 2004, between the Registrant and Banamex (the “May 2004 Credit Agreement”) and the May 2004 Credit Agreement (in Spanish) (previously filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission as Exhibit 4.9 to the 2004 Form 20-F and incorporated herein by reference).
4.11
    English summary of amendment to the May Credit Agreement and the amendment to the May 2004 Credit Agreement (in Spanish) (previously filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission as Exhibit 4.10 to the 2004 Form 20-F and incorporated herein by reference).
4.12
    English summary of Ps.2,000.0 million credit agreement, dated as of October 22, 2004, between the Registrant and Banamex (the “October 2004 Credit Agreement”) and the October Credit Agreement (in Spanish) (previously filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission as Exhibit 4.11 to the 2004 Form 20-F and incorporated herein by reference).
4.13
    English translation of Ps.2,100.0 million credit agreement, dated as of March 10, 2006, by and among Innova, the Registrant and Banamex (previously filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission as Exhibit 4.7 to the 2005 Form 20-F and incorporated herein by reference).
4.14
    English summary of Ps.1,400.0 million credit agreement, dated as of April 7, 2006, by and among Innova, the Registrant and Banco Santander Serfin, S.A. (the “April 2006 Credit Agreement”) and the April Credit Agreement (in Spanish) (previously filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission as Exhibit 4.7 to the 2005 Form 20-F and incorporated herein by reference).
4.15
    Administration Trust Agreement relating to Trust No. 80375, dated as of March 23, 2004, by and among Nacional Financiera, S.N.C., as trustee of Trust No. 80370, Banco Inbursa, S.A., as trustee of Trust No. F/0553, Banco Nacional de México, S.A., as trustee of Trust No. 14520-1, Nacional Financiera, S.N.C., as trustee of Trust No. 80375, Emilio Azcárraga Jean, Promotora Inbursa, S.A. de C.V., Grupo Televisa, S.A.B. and Grupo Televicentro, S.A. de C.V. (as previously filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission as an Exhibit to Schedules 13D or 13D/A in respect of various parties’ to the Trust Agreement (File number 005-60431) and incorporated herein by reference).
4.16
    Full-Time Transponder Service Agreement, dated as of November _____, 2007, by and among Intelsat Corporation, Intelsat LLC, Corporación de Radio y Televisión del Norte de México, S. de R. L. de C.V. and SKY Brasil Serviços Ltda.
4.17
    Credit Agreement, dated as of December 19, 2007, by and among Empresas Cablevisión, S.A.B. de C.V., JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent and J.P. Morgan Securities Inc., as sole bookrunner and lead arranger.
8.1
    List of Subsidiaries of Registrant.
12.1
    CEO Certification pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, dated June 25, 2008.
12.2
    CFO Certification pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, dated June 25, 2008.
13.1
    CEO Certification pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, dated June 25, 2008.
13.2
    CFO Certification pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, dated June 25, 2008.

 

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(b) Financial Statement Schedules
All financial statement schedules relating to the Registrant are omitted because they are not required or because the required information, if material, is contained in the audited year-end financial statements or notes thereto.

 

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SIGNATURE
The Registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20-F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned to sign this annual report on its behalf.
Date June 25, 2008
             
    GRUPO TELEVISA, S.A.B.
 
           
 
  By:   /s/ Salvi Folch Viadero    
 
           
 
      Name: Salvi Folch Viadero    
 
      Title:   Chief Financial Officer    
 
           
 
  By:   /s/ Jorge Lutteroth Echegoyen    
 
           
 
    Name: Jorge Lutteroth Echegoyen    
 
   
Title:  Vice President — Controller
   

 

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INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF
GRUPO TELEVISA, S.A.B.
         
    Page  
    F-2  
 
       
    F-3  
 
       
    F-4  
 
       
    F-5  
 
       
    F-6  
 
       
    F-7  
 
       

 

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Table of Contents

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of Grupo Televisa, S.A.B.:
In our opinion, the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and the related consolidated statements of income, of changes in stockholders’ equity and of changes in financial position, present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Grupo Televisa, S.A.B. (the “Company”) and its subsidiaries at December 31, 2007 and 2006, and the results of their operations and changes in their financial position for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2007 in conformity with Mexican Financial Reporting Standards. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2007, based on the criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). The Company’s management is responsible for these financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in “Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting” appearing on Item 15. Our responsibility is to express opinions on these financial statements and on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audits (which were integrated audits in 2007 and 2006). We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) and with generally accepted auditing standards in Mexico. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audits of the financial statements included examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we consider necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.
Mexican Financial Reporting Standards vary in certain significant respects from accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Information relating to the nature and effect of such differences is presented in Note 23 to the consolidated financial statements.
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
PricewaterhouseCoopers, S.C.
C.P.C. José Miguel Arrieta Méndez
Audit Partner

México, D. F.
June 24, 2008

 

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Table of Contents

Grupo Televisa, S.A.B.
Consolidated Balance Sheets
As of December 31, 2006 and 2007
(In thousands of Mexican pesos in purchasing power as of December 31, 2007)
(Notes 1 and 2)
                         
    Notes     2006     2007  
ASSETS
                       
Current:
                       
Cash
          Ps. 701,245     Ps. 843,531  
Temporary investments
            15,703,829       26,461,365  
 
                   
 
            16,405,074       27,304,896  
Trade notes and accounts receivable, net
    3       14,108,702       17,294,674  
Other accounts and notes receivable, net
            1,544,287       2,590,330  
Due from affiliated companies
    16       191,761       195,023  
Transmission rights and programming
    4       3,167,943       3,154,681  
Inventories
            801,943       833,996  
Available-for-sale investment
            12,266,318        
Other current assets
            800,068       653,260  
 
                   
Total current assets
            49,286,096       52,026,860  
Transmission rights and programming
    4       3,557,738       5,252,748  
Investments
    5       5,959,873       8,115,584  
Property, plant and equipment, net
    6       21,764,425       25,171,331  
Intangible assets and deferred charges, net
    7       5,592,695       8,098,667  
Other assets
            25,325       38,286  
 
                   
Total assets
          Ps. 86,186,152     Ps. 98,703,476  
 
                   
LIABILITIES
                       
Current:
                       
Current portion of long-term debt
    8     Ps. 1,023,445     Ps. 488,650  
Current portion of satellite transponder lease obligation
    8       89,415       97,696  
Trade accounts payable
            3,580,467       4,457,519  
Customer deposits and advances
            17,528,635       17,145,053  
Taxes payable
            1,223,814       684,497  
Accrued interest
            271,915       307,814  
Due to affiliated companies
    16       39,566       127,191  
Other accrued liabilities
            2,124,712       2,173,926  
 
                   
Total current liabilities
            25,881,969       25,482,346  
Long-term debt, net of current portion
    8       18,464,257       24,433,387  
Satellite transponder lease obligation, net of current portion
    8       1,162,531       1,035,134  
Customer deposits and advances
            278,282       2,665,185  
Other long-term liabilities
            541,671       2,849,369  
Deferred taxes
    19       1,544,741       1,272,834  
Pension plans, seniority premiums and severance indemnities
    10       297,824       314,921  
 
                   
Total liabilities
            48,171,275       58,053,176  
 
                   
Commitments and contingencies
    11                  
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
                       
Capital stock issued, no par value
    12       10,506,856       10,267,570  
Additional paid-in capital
            4,547,944       4,547,944  
 
                   
 
            15,054,800       14,815,514  
 
                   
Retained earnings:
    13                  
Legal reserve
            2,135,423       2,135,423  
Reserve for repurchase of shares
            4,626,882       1,240,869  
Unappropriated earnings
            17,343,579       21,713,378  
Net income for the year
            8,908,943       8,082,463  
 
                   
 
            33,014,827       33,172,133  
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net
    14       (3,808,377 )     (3,009,468 )
Shares repurchased
    12       (7,888,974 )     (7,939,066 )
 
                   
 
            21,317,476       22,223,599  
 
                   
Total majority interest
            36,372,276       37,039,113  
Minority interest
    15       1,642,601       3,611,187  
 
                   
Total stockholders’ equity
            38,014,877       40,650,300  
 
                   
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
          Ps. 86,186,152     Ps. 98,703,476  
 
                   
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

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Grupo Televisa, S.A.B.
Consolidated Statements of Income
For the Years Ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007
(In thousands of Mexican pesos in purchasing power as of December 31, 2007,
except per CPO amounts)
(Notes 1 and 2)
                                 
    Notes   2005     2006     2007  
Net sales
    22     Ps. 35,068,013     Ps. 39,357,699     Ps. 41,561,526  
Cost of sales (excluding depreciation and amortization)
            15,927,359       16,791,197       18,128,007  
Selling expenses (excluding depreciation and amortization)
            2,877,753       3,130,230       3,277,526  
Administrative expenses (excluding depreciation and amortization)
            1,988,090       2,390,785       2,452,027  
Depreciation and amortization
    6 and 7       2,611,629       2,779,772       3,223,070  
 
                         
Operating income
    22       11,663,182       14,265,715       14,480,896  
Other expense, net
    17       770,899       888,070       953,352  
Integral cost of financing, net
    18       1,923,961       1,141,028       410,214  
Equity in (earnings) losses of affiliates, net
    5       (172,913 )     624,843       749,299  
 
                         
Income before income taxes
            9,141,235       11,611,774       12,368,031  
Income taxes
    19       811,076       2,092,478       3,349,641  
 
                         
Income before cumulative loss of accounting change
            8,330,159       9,519,296       9,018,390  
Cumulative loss of accounting change, net
    1(n)(r)       546,386              
 
                         
Consolidated net income
            7,783,773       9,519,296       9,018,390  
Minority interest net income
    15       1,170,359       610,353       935,927  
 
                         
Majority interest net income
    13     Ps. 6,613,414     Ps. 8,908,943     Ps. 8,082,463  
 
                         
Majority interest net income per CPO
    20     Ps. 2.27     Ps. 3.07     Ps. 2.84  
 
                         
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

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Grupo Televisa, S.A.B.
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity
For the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007
(In thousands of Mexican pesos in purchasing power as of December 31, 2007)
(Notes 1 and 2)
                                                                 
                            Accumulated                          
    Capital                     Other                          
    Stock     Additional     Retained     Comprehensive     Shares     Total     Minority     Total  
    Issued     Paid-In     Earnings     Loss     Repurchased     Majority     Interest     Stockholders’  
    (Note 12)     Capital     (Note 13)     (Note 14)     (Note 12)     Interest     (Note 15)     Equity  
Balance at January 1, 2005
  Ps. 10,677,114     Ps. 4,547,944     Ps. 25,586,027     Ps. (2,858,311 )   Ps. (7,022,500 )   Ps. 30,930,274     Ps. (134,482 )   Ps. 30,795,792  
Dividends
                (4,648,726 )                 (4,648,726 )           (4,648,726 )
Repurchase of capital stock
                            (1,289,552 )     (1,289,552 )           (1,289,552 )
Sale of repurchase shares
                (366,181 )           705,792       339,611             339,611  
Increase in minority interest
                                        1,053,123       1,053,123  
Stock-based compensation
                349,302                   349,302             349,302  
Comprehensive income (loss)
                6,613,414       (970,514 )           5,642,900             5,642,900  
 
                                               
Balance at December 31, 2005
    10,677,114       4,547,944       27,533,836       (3,828,825 )     (7,606,260 )     31,323,809       918,641       32,242,450  
Dividends
                (1,161,839 )                 (1,161,839 )           (1,161,839 )
Share cancellation
    (170,258 )           (1,575,231 )           1,745,489                    
Repurchase of capital stock
                            (3,224,515 )     (3,224,515 )           (3,224,515 )
Sale of repurchase shares
                (609,049 )           1,196,312       587,263             587,263  
Increase in minority interest
                                        723,960       723,960  
Benefit from capital contribution of minority interest in Sky
                385,596                   385,596             385,596  
Loss on minority interest acquisition of Sky
                (711,311 )                 (711,311 )           (711,311 )
Stock-based compensation
                243,882                   243,882             243,882  
Comprehensive income
                8,908,943       20,448             8,929,391             8,929,391  
 
                                               
Balance at December 31, 2006
    10,506,856       4,547,944       33,014,827       (3,808,377 )     (7,888,974 )     36,372,276       1,642,601       38,014,877  
Dividends
                (4,506,492 )                 (4,506,492 )           (4,506,492 )
Share cancellation
    (239,286 )           (3,386,013 )           3,625,299                    
Repurchase of capital stock
                            (3,948,331 )     (3,948,331 )           (3,948,331 )
Sale of repurchase shares
                (173,169 )           272,940       99,771             99,771  
Increase in minority interest
                                        1,968,586       1,968,586  
Stock-based compensation
                140,517                   140,517             140,517  
Comprehensive income
                8,082,463       798,909             8,881,372             8,881,372  
 
                                               
Balance at December 31, 2007
  Ps. 10,267,570     Ps. 4,547,944     Ps. 33,172,133     Ps. (3,009,468 )   Ps. (7,939,066 )   Ps. 37,039,113     Ps. 3,611,187     Ps. 40,650,300  
 
                                               
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

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Grupo Televisa, S.A.B.
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Financial Position
For Years Ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007
(In thousands of Mexican pesos in purchasing power as of December 31, 2007)
(Notes 1 and 2)
                         
    2005     2006     2007  
Operating activities:
                       
Consolidated net income
  Ps. 7,783,773     Ps. 9,519,296     Ps. 9,018,390  
Adjustments to reconcile net income to resources provided by operating activities:
                       
Equity in (earnings) losses of affiliates
    (172,913 )     624,843       749,299  
Depreciation and amortization
    2,611,629       2,779,772       3,223,070  
Impairment of long-lived assets and other amortization
    105,314       176,884       541,996  
Deferred taxes
    (850,520 )     1,292,645       (358,122 )
Loss on disposition of available-for sale investment in Univision
                565,862  
Loss (gain) on disposition of affiliates
    184,904       (19,556 )     (41,527 )
Stock-based compensation
          243,882       140,517  
Cumulative loss of accounting change
    546,386              
 
                 
 
    10,208,573       14,617,766       13,839,485  
 
                 
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
                       
(Increase) decrease in:
                       
Trade notes and accounts receivable, net
    (2,474,612 )     894,378       (3,090,936 )
Transmission rights and programming
    1,054,584       778,059       (1,878,256 )
Inventories
    50,276       (112,827 )     (32,053 )
Other accounts and notes receivable and other current assets
    860,008       (1,104,190 )     (443,962 )
Increase (decrease) in:
                       
Customer deposits and advances
    2,411,073       (1,676,832 )     1,840,116  
Trade accounts payable
    807,911       390,413       840,911  
Other liabilities, taxes payable and deferred taxes
    (801,669 )     560,690       519,488  
Pension plans, seniority premiums and severance indemnities
    80,598       90,360       17,097  
 
                 
 
    1,988,169       (179,949 )     (2,227,595 )
 
                 
Resources provided by operating activities
    12,196,742       14,437,817       11,611,890  
 
                 
Financing activities:
                       
Issuance of Senior Notes due 2025
    6,883,712              
Issuance of Senior Notes due 2037
                4,500,000  
Empresas Cablevisión’s long-term loan due 2012
                2,457,495  
Prepayments of Senior Notes and UDIs denominated Notes
    (6,131,987 )           (1,017,093 )
Prepayments of Senior Notes due 2013
          (3,315,749 )      
Other increase in debt
          3,631,565       50,051  
Other decrease in debt
    (5,808,505 )     (888,623 )     (675,234 )
Repurchase and sale of capital stock
    (949,941 )     (2,637,252 )     (3,848,560 )
Dividends paid
    (4,648,726 )     (1,161,839 )     (4,506,492 )
Gain on valuation of available-for-sale investments
          (565,862 )      
Loss on minority interest acquisition of Sky
          (711,311 )      
Benefit from capital contribution of minority interest in Sky
          385,596        
Minority interest
    (117,236 )     113,607       1,032,659  
Translation effect
    121,145       17,202       32,877  
 
                 
Resources used for financing activities
    (10,651,538 )     (5,132,666 )     (1,974,297 )
 
                 
Investing activities:
                       
Due from affiliated companies, net
    577,463       (644,409 )     32,636  
Investments
    (1,297,043 )     (4,938,453 )     (3,385,342 )
Disposition of investments
    113,379       7,194,364       700,689  
Investments in property, plant and equipment
    (2,956,172 )     (3,428,532 )     (3,915,439 )
Disposition of property, plant and equipment
    342,256       532,676       704,310  
Investments in goodwill and other intangible assets
    (1,790,712 )     (1,224,707 )     (3,310,968 )
Disposition of goodwill and other intangible assets
    728,683       5,924,375        
Available-for-sale investment in shares of Univision
          (12,266,318 )     12,266,318  
Acquisition of Telecom net assets
                (1,975,666 )
Other assets
    126,367       (4,026 )     7,430  
 
                 
Resources (used for) provided by investing activities
    (4,155,779 )     (8,855,030 )     1,123,968  
 
                 
Net (decrease) increase in cash and temporary investments
    (2,610,575 )     450,121       10,761,561  
Net increase in cash and temporary investments upon Telecom acquisition
                138,261  
Cash and temporary investments at beginning of year
    18,565,528       15,954,953       16,405,074  
 
                 
Cash and temporary investments at end of year
  Ps. 15,954,953     Ps. 16,405,074     Ps. 27,304,896  
 
                 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

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Grupo Televisa, S.A.B.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
For the Years Ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007
(In thousands of Mexican pesos in purchasing power as of December 31, 2007,
except per CPO, per share and exchange rate amounts)
1. Accounting Policies
The principal accounting policies followed by Grupo Televisa, S.A.B. (the “Company”) and its consolidated entities (collectively, the “Group”) and observed in the preparation of these consolidated financial statements are summarized below.
(a) Basis of Presentation
The financial statements of the Group are presented on a consolidated basis in accordance with Mexican Financial Reporting Standards (“Mexican FRS”) issued by the Mexican Financial Reporting Standards Board (“Consejo Mexicano para la Investigación y Desarrollo de Normas de Información Financiera” or “CINIF”), and include the recognition of the effects of inflation on financial information.
Mexican FRS are comprised of: (i) Financial Reporting Standards (“Normas de Información Financiera” or “NIF”) and NIF Interpretations (“Interpretaciones a las NIF” or “INIF”) issued by the CINIF; (ii) Bulletins of generally accepted accounting principles in Mexico (“Mexican GAAP”) issued through May 2004 by the Mexican Institute of Public Accountants (“MIPA”) that have not been modified, replaced or superseded by new NIF; and (iii) International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”) that are supplementary in Mexico when no general or specific guidance is provided by either NIF or applicable Bulletins of Mexican GAAP.
The consolidated financial statements include the net assets and results of operations of all companies in which the Company has a controlling interest (subsidiaries). The consolidated financial statements also include the accounts of variable interest entities in which the Group is deemed the primary beneficiary. The primary beneficiary of a variable interest entity is the party that absorbs a majority of the entity’s expected losses, receives a majority of the entity’s expected residual returns, or both, as a result of ownership, contractual or other financial interest in the entity. See Note 1(b) for further discussion of all variable interest entities. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated from the financial statements.
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Mexican FRS requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
These consolidated financial statements were authorized for issuance on June 20, 2008, by the Group’s Chief Financial Officer.

 

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(b) Members of the Group
At December 31, 2007, the Group consisted of the Company and various consolidated entities, including the following:
             
    Company’s    
Consolidated Entities   Ownership(1)   Business Segments(2)
Telesistema Mexicano, S.A. de C.V. and subsidiaries, including Televisa, S.A. de C.V.
    100 %   Television Broadcasting, Pay Television Networks and Programming Exports
Televisión Independiente de México, S.A. de C.V. and subsidiaries
    100 %   Television Broadcasting
TuTv, LLC (“TuTv”)(3)
    50 %   Pay Television Networks
Editorial Televisa, S.A. de C.V. and subsidiaries
    100 %   Publishing
Grupo Distribuidoras Intermex, S.A. de C.V. and subsidiaries
    100 %   Publishing Distribution
Innova, S. de R. L. de C.V. and subsidiaries (collectively, “Sky”)(3)
    58.7 %   Sky
Empresas Cablevisión, S. A. B. de C.V. (“Empresas Cablevisión”) and subsidiaries
    51 %   Cable and Telecom
Paxia, S.A. de C.V., including its investment in Alvafig, S.A. de C.V. (“Alvafig”)(3)
    100 %   Cable and Telecom
Corporativo Vasco de Quiroga, S.A. de C.V. and subsidiaries
    100 %   Other Businesses
CVQ Espectáculos, S.A. de C.V. and subsidiaries
    100 %   Other Businesses
Sistema Radiópolis, S.A. de C.V. and subsidiaries
    50 %   Other Businesses
Televisa Juegos, S.A. de C.V. and subsidiaries
    100 %   Other Businesses
 
     
(1)  
Percentage of equity interest directly or indirectly held by the Company in the holding entity.
 
(2)  
See Note 22 for a description of each of the Group’s business segments.
 
(3)  
The Group has identified Sky, TuTv and Alvafig as variable interest entities and the Group as the primary beneficiary of the investment in each of these entities. The Group has 58.7% interest in Sky, a satellite television provider. TuTv is a 50% joint venture with Univision Communications Inc. (“Univision”), engaged in the distribution of the Group’s Spanish-speaking programming packages in the United States. Alvafig is a holding company owning 49% of the equity in Cablemás, S.A. de C.V. (“Cablemás”), the second largest cable operator in Mexico (see Notes 2 and 5).
The Group’s Television Broadcasting, Sky, Cable and Telecom, and Radio businesses require concessions (licenses) granted by the Mexican Federal Government for a fixed term, subject to renewal in accordance with Mexican law. Also, the Group’s Gaming business, which is reported in the Other Businesses segment, requires a permit granted by the Mexican Federal Government for a fixed term. Additionally, the Group’s Sky business in certain Central American and Caribbean countries requires concessions granted by local regulatory authorities for a fixed term and subject to renewal. At December 31, 2007, the expiration dates of the Group’s concessions and permit were as follows:
     
Businesses   Expiration Dates
Television Broadcasting
  In 2021
Sky
  Various from 2020 to 2027
Cable and Telecom
  Various from 2018 to 2030
Radio
  Various from 2008 to 2016
Gaming
  In 2030
(c) Foreign Currency Translation
Monetary assets and liabilities of Mexican companies denominated in foreign currencies are translated at the prevailing exchange rate at the balance sheet date. Resulting exchange rate differences are recognized in income for the year, within integral cost of financing.
Assets, liabilities and results of operations of non-Mexican subsidiaries are first converted to Mexican FRS, including restating to recognize the effects of inflation based on the inflation of each foreign country, and then translated to Mexican pesos utilizing the exchange rate as of the balance sheet date at year-end. Resulting translation differences are recognized in equity as part of the other comprehensive income or loss. Assets and liabilities of non-Mexican operations that are integral to Mexican operations are converted to Mexican FRS and translated to Mexican pesos by utilizing the exchange rate of the balance sheet date at year-end for monetary assets and liabilities, with the related adjustment included in net income, and historical exchange rates for non-monetary items.

 

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In connection with its investment in shares of Univision, the Group designated as an effective hedge of foreign exchange exposure a portion of the outstanding principal amount of its U.S.-dollar-denominated Senior Notes due 2011, 2025 and 2032, which amounted to U.S.$971.9 million as of December 31, 2006. The investment in shares of Univision was disposed by the Group in March 2007, and through that date any foreign exchange gain or loss attributable to this long-term debt was credited or charged directly to equity (other comprehensive income or loss) (see Notes 2 and 9).
(d) Temporary Investments
The Group considers all highly liquid investments with original maturities of one year or less, to be temporary investments. Temporary investments are valued at market value.
As of December 31, 2006 and 2007, temporary investments consisted of fixed short-term deposits, structured notes and corporate fixed income securities (primarily U.S. dollars and Mexican pesos), with an average yield of approximately 4.69% for U.S. dollar deposits and 7.38% for Mexican peso deposits in 2006, and approximately 5.34% for U.S. dollar deposits and 7.18% for Mexican peso deposits in 2007.
(e) Transmission Rights and Programming
Programming is comprised of programs, literary works, production talent advances and films.
Transmission rights and literary works are valued at the lesser of acquisition cost or net realizable value. Programs and films are valued at the lesser of production cost, which consists of direct production costs and production overhead, or net realizable value. Payments for production talent advances are initially capitalized and subsequently included as direct or indirect costs of program production.
The Group’s policy is to capitalize the production costs of programs which benefit more than one annual period and amortize them over the expected period of future program revenues based on the Company’s historical revenue patterns for similar productions.
Transmission rights, programs, literary works, production talent advances and films are restated by using the National Consumer Price Index (“NCPI”) factors, and specific costs for some of these assets, which are determined by the Group on the basis of last purchase price or production cost, or replacement cost whichever is more representative. Cost of sales is determined based on restated costs, and calculated for the month in which such transmission rights, programs, literary works, production talent advances and films are matched with related revenues.
Transmission rights and literary works are amortized over the lives of the contracts. Transmission rights in perpetuity, are amortized on a straight-line basis over the period of the expected benefit as determined based upon past experience, but not exceeding 25 years.
(f) Inventories
Inventories of paper, magazines, materials and supplies are valued at the lesser of acquisition cost or net realizable value. Inventories are restated by using the NCPI factors and specific costs for some of these assets, which are determined by the Group on the basis of last purchase price.
(g) Investments
Investments in companies in which the Group exercises significant influence or joint control are accounted for by the equity method. The Group recognizes equity in losses of affiliated companies up to the amount of its initial investment and subsequent capital contributions, or beyond that when guaranteed commitments have been made by the Group in respect of obligations incurred by investees, but not in excess of such guarantees. If an affiliated company for which the Group had recognized equity losses up to the amount of its guarantees generates net income in the future, the Group would not recognize its proportionate share of this net income until the Group first recognizes its proportionate share of previously unrecognized losses.
Investments in debt securities that the Group has the ability and intent to hold to maturity are classified as investments “held-to-maturity,” and reported at amortized cost. Investments in debt securities not classified as held-to-maturity are classified as “available-for-sale,” and are recorded at fair value with unrealized gains and losses included in consolidated stockholders’ equity as accumulated other comprehensive result (see Notes 5 and 14).
Other investments are accounted for at cost.

 

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(h) Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, plant and equipment are recorded at acquisition cost and thereafter are restated to constant Mexican pesos using the NCPI, except for equipment of non-Mexican origin, which is restated using an index which reflects the inflation in the respective country of origin and the exchange rate of the Mexican Peso against the currency of such country at the balance sheet date (“Specific Index”).
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment is based upon the restated carrying value of the assets in use and is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets ranging principally from 20 to 65 years for buildings, from 5 to 20 years for buildings improvements, from 3 to 20 years for technical equipment and from 3 to 10 years for other property and equipment.
(i) Intangible Assets and Deferred Financing Costs
Intangible assets and deferred financing costs are recognized at cost and thereafter restated using the NCPI.
Intangible assets are composed of goodwill, publishing trademarks, television network concession, licenses and software, subscriber list and other items. Goodwill, publishing trademarks and television network concession are intangible assets with indefinite lives and are not amortized. Indefinite-lived intangibles are assessed annually for impairment or more frequently, if circumstances indicate a possible impairment exists. Licenses and software, subscriber list and other items are intangible assets with finite lives and are amortized, on a straight-line basis, over their estimated useful lives, which range principally from 3 to 20 years.
Deferred financing costs consist of fees and expenses incurred in connection with the issuance of long-term debt. These financing costs are amortized over the period of the related debt (see Note 7).
(j) Impairment of Long-lived Assets
The Group reviews for impairment the carrying amounts of its long-lived assets, tangible and intangible, including goodwill (see Note 7), at least once a year, or whenever events or changes in business circumstances indicate that these carrying amounts may not be recoverable. To determine whether an impairment exists, the carrying value of the reporting unit is compared with its fair value. Fair values estimates are based on quoted market values in active markets, if available. If quoted market prices are not available, the estimate of fair value is based on various valuation techniques, including discounted value of estimated future cash flows, market multiples or third-party appraisal valuations.
(k) Customer Deposits and Advances
Customer deposit and advance agreements for television advertising services provide that customers receive preferential prices that are fixed for the contract period, for television broadcast advertising time based on rates established by the Group. Such rates vary depending on when the advertisement is aired, including the season, hour, day, rating and type of programming.
Customer deposits and advances for television advertising services are considered non-monetary items since they are non-refundable and are applied at rates in effect when they were received. Accordingly, these deposits and advances are restated to recognize the effects of inflation by using the NCPI.
(l) Stockholders’ Equity
The capital stock and other stockholders’ equity accounts (other than the result from holding non-monetary assets account and the foreign currency translation adjustments account) include the effect of restatement, determined by applying the change in the NCPI between the dates capital was contributed or net results were generated to the most recent period end. The restatement represents the amount required to maintain the contributions, share repurchases and accumulated results in Mexican pesos in purchasing power as of December 31, 2007.
(m) Revenue Recognition
The Group derives the majority of its revenues from media and entertainment-related business activities both domestically and internationally. Revenues are recognized when the service is provided and collection is probable. A summary of revenue recognition policies by significant activity is as follows:
   
Advertising revenues, including deposits and advances from customers for future advertising, are recognized at the time the advertising services are rendered.
   
Revenues from program services for pay television and licensed television programs are recognized when the programs are sold and become available for broadcast.

 

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Revenues from magazine subscriptions are initially deferred and recognized proportionately as products are delivered to subscribers. Revenues from the sales of magazines are recognized on the date of circulation of delivered merchandise, net of a provision for estimated returns.
   
The revenue from publishing distribution is recognized upon distribution of the products.
   
Sky program service revenues, including advances from customers for future DTH program services and installation fees, are recognized at the time the DTH service is provided.
   
Cable television, internet and telephone subscription, and pay-per-view and installation fees are recognized in the period in which the services are rendered.
   
Revenues from telecommunications and data services are recognized in the period in which these services are provided.
   
Revenues from attendance to soccer games, including revenues from advance ticket sales for soccer games and other promotional events, are recognized on the date of the relevant event.
   
Motion picture production and distribution revenues are recognized as the films are exhibited.
   
Gaming revenues consist of the net win from gaming activities, which is the difference between amounts wagered and amounts paid to winning patrons.
(n) Pension Plans, Seniority Premiums and Severance Indemnities
Plans exist for pension and retirement payments for substantially all of the Group’s employees, funded through an irrevocable trust. Payments to the trust are determined in accordance with actuarial computations of funding requirements. Pension payments are made by the trust administrators.
Increases or decreases in the seniority premium liability are based upon actuarial calculations.
Beginning January 1, 2005, severance indemnities to dismissed personnel, other than those arising from restructurings, are recognized based upon actuarial calculations. Before that date, severance indemnities to dismissed personnel were charged to income in the year in which they were incurred. In connection with this accounting change, the Group recognized a cumulative loss effect of accounting change in the amount of Ps.197,084, net of an income tax benefit of Ps.84,465, for the year ended December 31, 2005.
(o) Income Taxes
The income taxes and the asset tax are recognized in income as they are incurred.
The recognition of deferred income taxes is made by using the comprehensive asset and liability method. Under this method, deferred income taxes are calculated by applying the respective income tax rate to the temporary differences between the accounting and tax values of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements.
(p) Derivative Financial Instruments
The Group recognizes derivative financial instruments as either assets or liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets and measures those instruments at fair value. The accounting for changes in the fair value of a derivative depends on the intended use of the derivative and the resulting designation. For a derivative instrument designated as a fair value hedge, the gain or loss is recognized in income in the period of change together with the offsetting loss or gain on the hedged item attributed to the risk being hedged. For a derivative financial instrument designated as a cash flow hedge, the effective portion of the derivative’s gain or loss is initially reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income and subsequently reclassified into income when the hedged exposure affects income. The ineffective portion of the gain or loss is reported in income immediately. For derivative instruments that are not designated as accounting hedges, changes in fair value are recognized in income in the period of change. During the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007, none of the Group’s derivatives qualified for hedge accounting.

 

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(q) Comprehensive Income
Comprehensive income includes the net income for the period presented in the income statement plus other results for the period reflected in the stockholders’ equity which are from non-owner sources (see Note 14).
(r) Stock-based Compensation
In 2005, the Group adopted the guidelines of the IFRS 2, “Share-based payment,” issued by the IASB. IFRS 2 requires accruing in stockholders’ equity for share-based compensation expense as measured at fair value at the date of grant, and applies to those equity benefits granted to officers and employees (see Note 12). Before adopting IFRS 2, the Group recognized these equity benefits in consolidated stockholders’ equity, when such benefits became vested. In connection with the adoption of IFRS 2, the Group recognized a non-taxable cumulative loss of accounting change at December 31, 2005, in the amount of Ps.349,302, which was reflected in its consolidated statement of income for the year then ended. Adoption of IFRS 2 is required under the scope of Mexican FRS NIF A-8, Supplementary Financial Reporting Standards. The Group recognized a stock-based compensation expense of Ps.243,882 and Ps.140,517 for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2007, respectively, which was accounted for in consolidated income as an administrative expense.
(s) Prior Years’ Financial Statements
The Group’s financial statements for prior years have been restated to Mexican pesos in purchasing power as of December 31, 2007, by using a restatement factor derived from the change in the NCPI, which for 2005 and 2006 was 1.0796 and 1.0375, respectively. Had the alternative weighted average factor allowed under Mexican FRS been applied to restate the Group’s financial statements for prior years, which included the results of Mexican and non-Mexican subsidiaries, the restatement factor for 2005 and 2006 would have been 1.0821 and 1.0400, respectively.
         
The NCPI at December 31 was:
       
2004
    112.550  
2005
    116.301  
2006
    121.015  
2007
    125.564  
Beginning in January 2007, the Group adopted the provisions of Mexican FRS NIF B-3, Statement of Income, and INIF 4, Presentation of the Employees’ Profit Sharing in the Statement of Income. Accordingly, the Group’s consolidated statements of income for the years ended December 31, 2005 and 2006 have been reclassified to conform to the presentation required by these provisions, and included the reclassification of restructuring and non-recurring charges and statutory employees’ profit sharing that were previously reported as separate lines into the other expense, net line.
(t) Recently Issued Mexican FRS
In August 2007, the CINIF issued three new standards that became effective as of January 1, 2008, as follows:
NIF B-10, Effects of Inflation, establishes standards for recognizing the effects of inflation in an entity’s financial statements as measured by changes in a general price index only, and does not provide standards for valuation of any assets or liabilities. NIF B-10 provides criteria for identifying both inflationary and non- inflationary environments, and provides guidelines to cease or start recognizing the effects of inflation in financial statements when the general price index applicable to a specific entity is up to or above 26%, respectively, in a cumulative three-year period. NIF B-10 includes an option for the accounting treatment of the result from holding non-monetary assets recognized by an entity as accumulated other comprehensive income or loss under previous guidelines by either recycling this result from stockholders’ equity to income as it is realized, or reclassifying the outstanding balance of such result to retained earnings in the period in which this standard becomes effective. Additionally, restatement of financial statements for earlier periods presented is not required by NIF B-10. Since the cumulative inflation in Mexico measured by the NCPI in the three-year period ended December 31, 2007 was below 26%, the Mexican companies in the Group ceased recognizing the effects of inflation in financial statements beginning January 1, 2008. In addition, effective January 1, 2008, the Group classified in retained earnings the outstanding balances of cumulative loss from holding non-monetary assets and accumulated monetary loss in the aggregate amount of Ps.2,672,502, in accordance with the guidelines provided by NIF B-10 (see Note 14).

 

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NIF D-3, Benefits to Employees, replaces the previous Mexican GAAP Bulletin D-3, Labor Obligations, and provides standards for recognizing those benefits granted by an entity to its employees, including direct, termination and retirement benefits, as well as other related provisions. NIF D-3 requires shorter amortization periods for items subject to be amortized, including an option to recognize in income any actuarial gain or loss, and does not require the recognition of a transition asset or liability other than benefits granted in a plan amendment (prior service cost). NIF D-3 eliminates the recognition of an additional liability determined on the actuarial computation of retirement benefits without consideration of salary increases; consequently, a related intangible asset and an eventual stockholders’ equity adjustment derived from the recognition of this additional liability, are no longer required by this new standard. NIF D-3 also requires the recognition of any termination benefit costs directly in income as a provision, with no deferral of any unrecognized prior service cost or related actuarial gain or loss. Additionally, NIF D-3 recognizes the employees’ profit sharing required to be paid under certain circumstances in Mexico, as a direct benefit to employees. The provisions of NIF D-3 are not expected to have a significant effect on the Group’s consolidated financial statements.
NIF D-4, Income Taxes, replaces the previous Mexican GAAP Bulletin D-4, Accounting for income tax, asset tax and employees’ profit sharing, and provides additional guidance for valuation, presentation and disclosure of both current and deferred income taxes accrued for a period. NIF D-4 eliminates from its scope the accounting for employees’ profit sharing, since this line item is deemed an ordinary expense associated with benefits to employees, and therefore, now is under the scope of NIF D-3. NIF D-4 also recognizes the Mexican asset tax paid as a tax credit to the extent of its expected recovery. In addition, NIF D-4 requires the reclassification to retained earnings of any outstanding cumulative effect of deferred income taxes recognized in stockholders’ equity, in the period in which this standard becomes effective. The provisions of NIF D-4 are not expected to have a significant effect on the Group’s consolidated financial statements. Effective January 1, 2008, the Group classified in retained earnings the outstanding balance of cumulative loss effect of deferred income taxes in the amount of Ps.3,224,437, in accordance with the guidelines provided by NIF D-4 (see Note 14).
In November 2007, the CINIF issued two standards that became effective as of January 1, 2008, as follows:
NIF B-2, Statement of Cash Flows, requires a statement of cash flows as part of a full set of financial statements in place of a statement of changes in financial position. The statement of cash flows classifies cash receipts and payments according to whether they stem from operating, investing, or financing activities and provides a definition of each category. Cash flows from operating activities can be reported by directly showing major classes of operating cash receipts and payments (the direct method), or by reporting the same amount of net cash flow from operating activities indirectly by adjusting net income to reconcile it to net cash flow from operating activities (the indirect method). Restatement of financial statements for years provided before 2008 is not required by NIF B-2.
NIF B-15, Translation of Foreign Currencies, replaces the previous Mexican GAAP Bulletin B-15, Foreign Currency Transactions and Translation of Financial Statements of Foreign Operations, and introduces the concepts of accounting currency, functional currency and reporting currency. NIF B-15 sets forth procedures for translating financial statements from the accounting currency of a foreign operation into the applicable functional currency, and from the functional currency of a foreign operation into the required reporting currency. NIF B-15 also permits that an entity may present its financial statements in a reporting currency other than its functional currency. Restatement of financial statements for years provided before 2008 is not required by NIF B-15. The provisions of NIF B-15 are not expected to have a significant effect on the Group’s consolidated financial statements.
In December 2007, the CINIF issued the INIF 8, Effects of the Flat Rate Business Tax. This Interpretation became effective in October 2007, and requires a company to evaluate the effects of the new Flat Rate Business Tax that became effective in Mexico beginning in January 2008, on its deferred income tax asset or liability position for the fourth quarter of 2007, based on projected results of operations for periods beginning in 2008. The provisions of INIF 8 did not have a significant effect on the Group’s consolidated financial statements.
2. Acquisitions, Investments and Dispositions
In October 2005, in a series of related transactions, the Group disposed its 30% interest in DTH TechCo Partners (“TechCo”), a general partnership that provided technical services to DTH ventures in Latin America through September 2005, and was released of any obligation in connection with a guarantee granted by the Group in respect of certain TechCo’s indebtedness. As a result of this disposal, the Group recognized a pretax loss of approximately Ps.172,896 as other expense, which primarily consisted of the aggregate amount of the carrying value of the Group’s net investment in TechCo, which included amounts receivable in connection with long-term loans made by the Group to TechCo (see Note 17).

 

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In October 2005, the Group acquired 40% of the outstanding capital stock of Gestora de Inversiones Audiovisuales La Sexta, S.A. (“La Sexta”) for an aggregate amount of approximately 1.2 million euros (Ps.16,541). In November 2005, the government of Spain granted a concession to La Sexta to operate for 10 years a free-to-air television channel, which started operations in March 2006. During 2006 and 2007, the Group made additional capital contributions related to its 40% interest in La Sexta in the amount of approximately 104.6 million euros (Ps.1,535,176) and 65.9 million euros (Ps.1,004,697), respectively. The Group’s investment in La Sexta is accounted for using the equity method. Also, in connection with this investment and the framework agreement entered into by the Company in March 2006 with the MediaPro Group and the Grupo Árbol (the controlling partners of the company that holds a majority equity interest in La Sexta), the Group received, among other rights: (i) a call option under which the Group could subscribe, at a price of 80 million euros, a certain percentage of the capital stock of Imagina Media Audiovisual, S. A. (“Imagina”), the parent company that holds all of the shares of the MediaPro Group and the Grupo Árbol; and (ii) a right of first refusal until June 2011 to acquire a certain percentage of the capital stock of Imagina. During 2007, a third party acquired a 20% stake in Imagina. As a result of this acquisition, Imagina paid the Company 29 million euros (Ps.462,083) as a termination fee for the cancellation of the call option to subscribe a certain percentage of the capital stock of Imagina (see Notes 5, 11 and 17).
In October 2005, the Group agreed to participate with a 25% interest in Concesionaria Vuela Compañía de Aviación, S.A. de C.V. (“Volaris”), a low-cost carrier airline with a concession to operate in Mexico. In 2005 and 2006, the Group made initial capital contributions in Volaris in the amount of U.S.$25.0 million (Ps.292,412) and U.S.$7.5 million (Ps.87,408), respectively. The Group’s investment in Volaris is accounted for using the equity method (see Note 5).
In November 2005, the Group completed the acquisition of all of the outstanding equity of Comtelvi, S. de R. L. de C.V. (“Comtelvi”), an entity owned by a third party that at the time of acquisition had structured note investments and other financial instrument assets and liabilities, as well as tax losses of approximately Ps.3,575,276 that were used by the Group in the fourth quarter of 2005 (see Note 19). The total consideration paid in connection with this acquisition was the equivalent of U.S.$39.1 million (Ps.458,223).
In December 2005, the Group entered into a series of agreements to acquire certain operating assets, which were owned by Editora Cinco, S.A., a Colombian publisher, comprising primarily a group of magazine publishing trademarks and related rights in Mexico, Colombia, Chile and the United States, in an aggregate amount of approximately U.S.$15.0 million (Ps.172,448).
In February 2006, affiliates of The DIRECTV Group, Inc. (“DIRECTV”) completed the acquisition of equity interests in Sky, which were formerly held by News Corporation (“News Corp.”) and Liberty Media Corp. (“Liberty Media”). This acquisition included the capitalization of the purchase price of the list of subscribers sold by DIRECTV Mexico to Sky in the aggregate amount of Ps.665,653. As a result of these transactions, the Group’s equity stake in Sky was reduced from 60% to 52.7%, and DIRECTV became the owner of the remaining 47.3% stake. In April 2006, the Group exercised its right to acquire two-thirds of the equity interest in Sky that DIRECTV acquired from Liberty Media. This minority interest acquisition amounted to approximately U.S.$58.7 million (Ps.699,891), and was financed with cash on hand. After this transaction, the Group (i) increased its equity stake in Sky from 52.7% to 58.7%, and DIRECTV became the owner of the remaining 41.3%; and (ii) recognized the excess of the purchase price over the carrying value of this minority interest as a capital distribution made to DIRECTV in the amount of Ps.711,311.
In March 2006, the Group acquired a 50% interest in Televisión Internacional, S. A. de C. V. (“TVI”), a cable television company with a license to operate in the city of Monterrey and surrounding areas, which expires in 2026, in the amount of Ps.798,304, which was substantially paid in cash. In conjunction with this transaction, the Group provided TVI with a short-term financing at the acquisition date in the principal nominal amount of Ps.240,589, with an annual interest rate equal to the Mexican inter-bank rate plus 150 basis points, and maturity in March 2007, and paid a first purchase price adjustment in the second quarter of 2006, in the amount of Ps.19,287. Also, during the first half of 2007, the Group (i) paid a second purchase price adjustment in the amount of Ps.19,155; (ii) recognized a final third purchase price adjustment to be paid in 2008, subject to certain conditions, in the amount of Ps.18,417; and (iii) capitalized all of the amounts receivable from TVI in the aggregate amount of Ps.269,028, in connection with the short-term financing provided at the acquisition date. In the third quarter of 2007, the Group completed a final valuation of this acquisition and recognized a related goodwill in the amount of Ps.405,264. This transaction was approved by the Mexican regulatory authorities in 2007 (see Notes 5 and 7).

 

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Beginning in the third quarter of 2006, the Group announced its intention to have its investment in shares and warrants of Univision common stock cashed out in connection with the merger contemplated by a related agreement entered into by Univision and an acquiring investor group. Accordingly, the Group (i) classified its investment in shares of Univision common stock as a current available-for-sale financial asset; (ii) discontinued the recognition of any equity method result related to this investment; (iii) recorded this financial asset at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses included in the Group’s consolidated stockholders’ equity as accumulated other comprehensive income or loss; and (iv) this financial asset was hedged by the Group’s outstanding Senior Notes due 2011, 2025 and 2032, in the aggregate amount of approximately U.S.$971.9 million. As of December 31, 2006, the Group owned 16,594,500 shares Class “A” and 13,593,034 shares Class “T” of common stock of Univision, as well as warrants to acquire 6,374,864 shares Class “A” and 2,727,136 shares Class “T” of common stock of Univision, most of which had an exercise price of U.S.$38.261 per share and expired in December 2017. Most of the warrants to acquire shares of Univision common stock did not have a carrying value at December 31, 2006, since the exercise price was greater than the tender offer price. The proposed merger was concluded by Univision on March 29, 2007, and the 30,187,534 shares of Univision common stock owned by the Group were converted, like all shares of Univision common stock, into cash at U.S.$36.25 per share. Also, under the terms of the merger agreement, all of the Group’s warrants to acquire shares of Univision common stock were cancelled. The aggregate cash amount received by the Group in connection with the closing of this merger was of approximately U.S.$1,094.4 million (Ps.12,385,515). As a result of this disposition, the Group recognized in consolidated income for the year ended December 31, 2007, a non-cash loss of Ps.669,473 (see Notes 1 (c), 9, 11,14 and 17).
In November 2006, the Group invested U.S.$258 million (Ps.2,943,986) in convertible debentures of Alvafig, S.A. de C.V. (“Alvafig”), which holds 49% of the voting equity of Cablemás. These debentures are convertible into 99.99% of the equity of Alvafig and have a five-year maturity. Annual interest on these debentures is 8% in the first year and 10% in the remaining four years, and is payable on an annual basis. Cablemás is the second largest cable operator in Mexico operating in 48 cities. The conversion of these debentures into equity of Alvafig is subject to approval by the Mexican regulatory authorities and the compliance with certain regulatory requirements. The debentures cannot be called before maturity by the issuer, and are secured by substantially all of the outstanding shares of common stock of Alvafig. In February 2008, the Group made an additional investment of U.S.$100 million (Ps.1,082,560) in convertible debentures of Alvafig, which proceeds were used by this entity to increase its interest in the outstanding equity of Cablemás to approximately 54.6%, and retain a 49% of the voting equity of Cablemás (see Notes 1 (b) and 5).
In August 2007, the Group acquired substantially all of the outstanding shares of capital stock of Editorial Atlántida, S.A. (“Atlántida”), a leading magazine publishing company in Argentina, in the aggregate amount of approximately U.S.$78.8 million (Ps.885,377), which was paid in cash. The Group completed a purchase price allocation of this transaction and recognized a related goodwill in the amount of Ps.668,338 (see Note 7).
In August 2007, the Group announced an agreement signed by Cablestar, S.A. de C.V. (“Cablestar”), an indirect subsidiary of the Company and Empresas Cablevisión, to acquire the majority of the assets of Bestel, S.A. de C.V. (“Bestel”), a Mexican facilities-based telecommunications company engaged in providing data and long-distance services solutions to carriers and other telecommunications service providers through a fiber-optic network of approximately 8,000 kilometers that covers the most important cities and economic regions of Mexico and crosses directly into the United States in the cities of San Antonio, Texas and San Diego, California. In December 2007, after obtaining the approval from the Mexican regulatory authorities, Cablestar completed this transaction by acquiring, at an aggregate purchase price of U.S.$256 million (Ps.2,772,352), all of the outstanding equity of Letseb, S.A. de C.V. (“Letseb”) and Bestel USA, Inc. (“Bestel USA”), the companies that owned the majority of assets of Bestel. In connection with this acquisition: (i) Cablestar made an additional capital contribution to Letseb in the amount of U.S.$69 million (Ps.747,236), which was used by Letseb to pay certain pre-acquisition liabilities; (ii) the Company granted a guarantee to a third-party creditor for any amounts payable in connection with a Letseb’s long-term liability in the amount of U.S.$80 million; (iii) Empresas Cablevisión issued long-term debt to finance this acquisition in the amount of U.S.$225 million (Ps.2,457,495); (iv) Cablemás and TVI made capital contributions for an aggregate amount of U.S.$100 million related to their aggregate 30.8% minority interest in Cablestar; and (v) Cablestar recognized an excess of the purchase price over the carrying value of the acquired net assets in the amount of approximately Ps.1,552,054, based upon a preliminary valuation. The Group expects to complete a final valuation and purchase price allocation of this transaction in the first half of 2008 (see Notes 7 and 8).
3. Trade Notes and Accounts Receivable
Trade notes and accounts receivable as of December 31, consisted of:
                 
    2006     2007  
Non-interest bearing notes received from customers as deposits and advances
  Ps. 12,406,785     Ps. 14,753,180  
Accounts receivable, including value-added tax receivables related to advertising services
    2,773,345       3,507,639  
Allowance for doubtful accounts
    (1,071,428 )     (966,145 )
 
           
 
  Ps. 14,108,702     Ps. 17,294,674  
 
           

 

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4. Transmission Rights and Programming
At December 31, transmission rights and programming consisted of:
                 
    2006     2007  
Transmission rights
  Ps. 3,721,400     Ps. 5,439,918  
Programming
    3,004,281       2,967,511  
 
           
 
    6,725,681       8,407,429  
 
           
Non-current portion of:
               
Transmission rights
    1,950,823       3,626,320  
Programming
    1,606,915       1,626,428  
 
           
 
    3,557,738       5,252,748  
 
           
Current portion of transmission rights and programming
  Ps. 3,167,943     Ps. 3,154,681  
 
           
5. Investments
At December 31, the Group had the following investments:
                         
                    Ownership%  
                    as of December 31,  
    2006     2007     2007  
Accounted for by the equity method:
                       
Cablemás(a)
  Ps. 2,978,532     Ps. 3,208,265       49%  
La Sexta (see Note 2)
    757,166       1,238,576       40%  
Ocesa Entretenimiento, S. A. de C. V. (“OCEN”)(b)
    522,808       448,158       40%  
Volaris (see Note 2)
    266,970       202,949       25%  
TVI (see Note 2)
    101,407       324,508       50%  
Other
    99,518       132,758          
 
                   
 
    4,726,401       5,555,214          
 
                   
Other investments:
                       
Held-to-maturity debt securities (see Note 1(g))(c)
    940,238       2,525,204          
TVI (see Note 2)
    266,378                
Other
    26,856       35,166          
 
                   
 
    1,233,472       2,560,370          
 
                   
 
  Ps. 5,959,873     Ps. 8,115,584          
 
                   
 
     
(a)  
The Group has identified Alvafig as a variable interest entity, and the Group as the primary beneficiary of the investment in this entity. Hence, the assets of Alvafig, consisting of a 49% equity interest in Cablemás (including goodwill of Ps.1,870,393), as well as its liabilities and results of operations have been included in the consolidated financial statements of the Company (see Notes 1 (b) and 2).
 
(b)  
OCEN is a majority-owned subsidiary of Corporación Interamericana de Entretenimiento, S.A. de C.V. (“CIE”), and is engaged in the live entertainment business in Mexico. In the third quarter of 2006, and in the second and third quarter of 2007, OCEN paid dividends to the Group in the aggregate amount of Ps.106,429 and Ps.94,382 respectively (see Note 16).
 
(c)  
Held-to-maturity securities represent structured notes and corporate fixed income securities with long-term maturities. These investments are stated at cost.

 

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The Group recognized equity in comprehensive income (loss) of affiliates for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007, as follows:
                         
    2005     2006     2007  
Equity in earnings (losses) of affiliates, net
  Ps. 172,913     Ps. (624,843 )   Ps. (749,299 )
Equity in other comprehensive (loss) income of affiliates:
                       
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net
    (313,807 )     578,481       171,297  
Result from holding non-monetary assets, net
    (960 )     (7,161 )     2,151  
(Loss) gain on equity accounts, net
    (204,485 )     57,930       5,382  
 
                 
 
  Ps. (346,339 )   Ps. 4,407     Ps. (570,469 )
 
                 
6. Property, Plant and Equipment, Net
Property, plant and equipment as of December 31, consisted of:
                 
    2006     2007  
Buildings
  Ps. 8,709,933     Ps. 9,178,003  
Buildings improvements
    1,694,047       1,715,965  
Technical equipment(1)
    20,875,135       26,330,386  
Satellite transponders
    1,757,780       1,789,890  
Furniture and fixtures
    597,683       672,426  
Transportation equipment
    1,310,538       1,411,444  
Computer equipment
    1,653,994       2,162,639  
 
           
 
    36,599,110       43,260,753  
Accumulated depreciation
    (20,180,600 )     (22,750,195 )
 
           
 
    16,418,510       20,510,558  
Land
    4,138,684       4,232,721  
Construction in progress
    1,207,231       428,052  
 
           
 
  Ps. 21,764,425     Ps. 25,171,331  
 
           
 
     
(1)  
In 2007 includes telecommunications facilities in connection with the acquisition of Letseb and Bestel USA (see Note 2).
At December 31, 2006 and 2007, the Group’s Mexican subsidiaries had technical, transportation and computer equipment of non-Mexican origin totaling Ps.5,022,958 and Ps.5,029,332, respectively, net of accumulated depreciation (see Note 1(h)).
Had the NCPI been applied to restate all of the Group’s net equipment, the net balance of property, plant and equipment as of December 31, 2006 and 2007 would have been Ps.22,032,839 and Ps.25,190,443, respectively.
Depreciation charged to income in 2005, 2006 and 2007 was Ps.2,250,354, Ps.2,438,234 and Ps.2,793,310, respectively.
Satellite transponders are recorded as an asset equal to the net present value of committed payments under a 15-year service agreement entered into with Intelsat Corporation (“Intelsat”, formerly PanAmSat Corporation) for 12 KU-band transponders on Intelsat’s satellite IS-9 (see Note 8). As of December 31, 2006 and 2007, satellite transponders, net of accumulated depreciation, amounted to Ps.1,015,607 and Ps.914,832, respectively.

 

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7. Intangible Assets and Deferred Charges, Net
The balances of intangible assets and deferred charges as of December 31, were as follows (see Note 1(i)):
                                                 
    2006     2007  
    Gross                     Gross              
    Carrying     Accumulated     Net Carrying     Carrying     Accumulated     Net Carrying  
    Amount     Amortization     Amount     Amount     Amortization     Amount  
Intangible assets with indefinite lives:
                                               
Goodwill
                  Ps. 2,267,077                     Ps. 3,978,277  
Publishing and TVI trademarks
                    602,741                       806,278  
Television network concession
                    650,603                       650,603  
TVI concession
                    147,108                       262,925  
Telecom concession
                                          29,113  
Intangible assets with finite lives and deferred charges:
                                               
Licenses and software
  Ps. 845,232     Ps. (475,648 )     369,584     Ps. 1,026,841     Ps. (632,998 )     393,843  
Subscriber list Sky
    615,449       (302,041 )     313,408       749,945       (461,509 )     288,436  
Subscriber list TVI
    50,887             50,887       52,495       (13,011 )     39,484  
Leasehold improvements
    280,282       (71,825 )     208,457       821,257       (138,663 )     682,594  
Other intangible assets
    266,175       (127,657 )     138,518       294,035       (157,214 )     136,821  
Deferred financing costs (see Note 8)
    1,085,933       (241,621 )     844,312       1,107,744       (277,451 )     830,293  
 
                                   
 
  Ps. 3,143,958     Ps. (1,218,792 )   Ps. 5,592,695     Ps. 4,052,317     Ps. (1,680,846 )   Ps. 8,098,667  
 
                                   
Amortization of intangible assets with finite lives (other than goodwill) and deferred financing costs charged to income in 2005, 2006 and 2007, was Ps.458,557, Ps.424,958 and Ps.478,063, respectively, of which Ps.51,903, Ps.49,849 and Ps.48,303 in 2005, 2006 and 2007, respectively, were recorded as interest expense (see Note 18) and Ps.45,379 and Ps.33,571 in 2005 and 2006, respectively, were recorded as other expense in connection with the extinguishment of long-term debt (see Note 17).
The changes in the net carrying amount of goodwill and trademarks for the year ended December 31, 2007, were as follows:
                                                 
                    Foreign                        
    Balance as of             Currency                     Balance as of  
    December 31,             Translation     Adjustments/     Impairment     December 31,  
    2006     Acquisitions     Adjustments     Reclassifications     Adjustments     2007  
Goodwill:
                                               
Television Broadcasting(1)
  Ps. 1,403,519     Ps.     Ps.     Ps.     Ps. (493,693 )   Ps. 909,826  
Cable and Telecom
          1,552,054                         1,552,054  
Publishing Distribution
    24,544       668,338       (2,773 )                 690,109  
Other Businesses
    39,406                               39,406  
Equity-method investees(2)
    799,608       269,028             (281,754 )           786,882  
 
                                   
 
  Ps. 2,267,077     Ps. 2,489,420     Ps. (2,773 )   Ps. (281,754 )   Ps. (493,693 )   Ps. 3,978,277  
 
                                   
Trademarks(3):
                                               
Publishing
  Ps. 552,731     Ps. 141,093     Ps. 1,242     Ps.     Ps.     Ps. 695,066  
Telecom
          21,860                         21,860  
TVI
    50,010       39,342                         89,352  
 
                                   
 
  Ps. 602,741     Ps. 202,295     Ps. 1,242     Ps.     Ps.     Ps. 806,278  
 
                                   
 
     
(1)  
See Note 17.
 
(2)  
See Note 5.
 
(3)  
See Note 2.

 

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8. Long-term Debt and Satellite Transponder Lease Obligation
Long-term debt and satellite transponder lease obligation outstanding as of December 31, were as follows:
                 
    2006     2007  
U.S. dollar debt:
               
8% Senior Notes due 2011(1)(2)
  Ps. 806,468     Ps. 785,863  
8.50% Senior Notes due 2032(1)
    3,362,570       3,276,660  
6.625% Senior Notes due 2025(1)(2)
    6,725,139       6,553,320  
9.375% Senior Notes due 2013(3)(8)
    126,108       122,886  
JPMorgan Chase Bank loan facility(4)
          2,457,495  
Other(5)
    38,943       33,032  
Mexican peso debt:
               
8.49% Senior Notes due 2037(1)(6)
          4,500,000  
8.15% UDI-denominated Notes due 2007(2)(6)(7)
    1,017,093        
Bank loans(3)(8)
    7,410,945       7,142,460  
Other currency debt
    436       50,321  
 
           
Total long-term debt
    19,487,702       24,922,037  
Less: Current portion
    1,023,445       488,650  
 
           
Long-term debt, net of current portion
  Ps. 18,464,257     Ps. 24,433,387  
 
           
Satellite transponder lease obligation(9)
  Ps. 1,251,946     Ps. 1,132,830  
Less: Current portion
    89,415       97,696  
 
           
Satellite transponder lease obligation, net of current portion
  Ps. 1,162,531     Ps. 1,035,134  
 
           
 
     
(1)  
These Senior Notes are unsecured obligations of the Company, rank equally in right of payment with all existing and future unsecured and unsubordinated indebtedness of the Company, and are junior in right of payment to all of the existing and future liabilities of the Company’s subsidiaries. Interest on the Senior Notes due 2011, 2025, 2032 and 2037, including additional amounts payable in respect of certain Mexican withholding taxes, is 8.41%, 6.97%, 8.94% and 8.93% per annum, respectively, and is payable semi-annually. These Senior Notes may not be redeemed prior to maturity, except in the event of certain changes in law affecting the Mexican withholding tax treatment of certain payments on the securities, in which case the securities will be redeemable, as a whole but not in part, at the option of the Company. The Senior Notes due 2011 and 2032 were priced at 98.793% and 99.431%, respectively, for a yield to maturity of 8.179% and 8.553%, respectively. The agreement of these Senior Notes contains covenants that limit the ability of the Company and certain restricted subsidiaries engaged in Television Broadcasting, Pay Television Networks and Programming Exports, to incur or assume liens, perform sale and leaseback transactions, and consummate certain mergers, consolidations and similar transactions. Substantially all of these Senior Notes are registered with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).
 
(2)  
In March and May 2005, the Company issued these Senior Notes in the aggregate amount of U.S.$400.0 million and U.S.$200.0 million, respectively, which were priced at 98.081% and 98.632%, respectively, for a yield to maturity of 6.802% and 6.787%, respectively. The net proceeds of the U.S.$400.0 million issuance, together with cash on hand, were used to fund the Group’s tender offers made for any or all of the Senior Notes due 2011 and the UDI-denominated Notes due 2007, and prepay a portion of the outstanding principal amount of these securities in the amount of approximately U.S.$222.0 million and Ps.3,045,427 (nominal Ps.2,935,097), respectively. The net proceeds of the U.S.$200.0 million issuance were used for corporate purposes, including the prepayment of some of the Group’s outstanding indebtedness.
 
(3)  
These Senior Notes are unsecured and unsubordinated obligations of Sky. Interest on these Senior Notes, including additional amounts payable in respect of certain Mexican withholding taxes, is 9.8580%, and is payable semi-annually. Sky may, at its own option, redeem these Senior Notes, in whole or in part, at any time on or after September 19, 2008 at redemption prices from 104.6875% to 101.5625% between September 19, 2008 through September 18, 2011, or 100% commencing on September 19, 2011, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any. In March and April 2006, Sky entered into two 10-year loans with Mexican banks in the aggregate principal amount of Ps.3,500,000 to fund, together with cash on hand, a tender offer and consent solicitation made for any or all of the Senior Notes due 2013, and prepaid a principal amount of approximately U.S.$288.7 million or 96.2% of these securities. The total aggregate amount paid by Sky in connection with this tender offer was of approximately U.S.$324.3 million, which included related consents and accrued and unpaid interest. The 10-year Sky indebtedness is guaranteed by the Company and includes a nominal Ps.2,100,000 loan with an annual interest rate of 8.74% and a Ps.1,400,000 loan with an annual interest rate of 8.98% for the first three years, and the Mexican interbank interest rate of “TIIE” plus 24 basis points for the remaining seven years. Interest on these two 10-year loans is payable on a monthly basis.
 
(4)  
In December 2007, Empresas Cablevisión entered into a 5-year term loan facility in the aggregate principal amount of U.S.$225 million in connection with the financing for the acquisition of Letseb and Bestel USA (see Note 2). This loan is intended to be syndicated during the life of the facility. Annual interest on this loan facility is payable on a quarterly basis at LIBOR plus an applicable margin that may range from 0.375% to 0.625% depending on a leverage ratio. Under the terms of the loan facility, Empresas Cablevisión and subsidiaries are required to (a) maintain certain financial coverage ratios related to indebtedness and interest expense, and (b) comply with certain restrictive covenants, primarily on debt, liens, investments and acquisitions, capital expenditures, asset sales, consolidations, mergers and similar transactions.

 

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(5)  
Includes notes payable to banks, bearing annual interest rates in a range of 0.11 to 1.25 points above LIBOR. The maturities of these notes are between 2008 and 2010.
 
(6)  
In May 2007, the Company issued these Senior Notes in the aggregate principal amount of Ps.4,500,000. The net proceeds from this issuance were used to replenish the Group’s cash position following the payment, with cash on hand, of approximately Ps.992,900 of our outstanding 8.15% UDI-denominated Notes that matured in April 2007 and for the repurchase of the Company’s shares. The Group intends to use the remaining net proceeds from this issuance for general corporate purposes, including the repayment of other outstanding indebtedness and the continued repurchase of the Company’s shares, subject to market conditions and other factors. The Company may, at its own option, redeem these Senior Notes, in whole or in part, at any time at a redemption price equal to the greater of the principal amount of the Senior Notes or the present value of future cash flows, at the redemption date, of principal and interest amounts of the Senior Notes discounted at a fixed rate of comparable Mexican Government Bonds.
 
(7)  
Notes denominated in Mexican Investment Units (“Unidades de Inversión” or “UDIs”), representing 258,711,400 UDIs at December 31, 2006. Interest on these notes was payable semi-annually. The balance as of December 31, 2006 includes restatement of Ps.275,561.
 
(8)  
Includes in 2006 and 2007, outstanding balances of long-term loans in the principal amount of Ps.480,000, Ps.1,162,460 and Ps.2,000,000, in connection with certain credit agreements entered into by the Company with a Mexican bank, with various maturities from 2008 through 2012. Interest on these loans is, in a range of 8.925% to 10.350% per annum, and is payable on a monthly basis. Under the terms of these credit agreements, the Company and certain restricted subsidiaries engaged in television broadcasting, pay television networks and programming exports are required to maintain (a) certain financial coverage ratios related to indebtedness and interest expense; and (b) certain restrictive covenants on indebtedness, dividend payments, issuance and sale of capital stock, and liens. The balance in 2006 and 2007 also includes the Sky long-term loans discussed in paragraph (3) above mentioned in the aggregate principal amount of Ps.3,500,000.
 
(9)  
Sky is committed to pay a monthly fee of U.S.$1.7 million under a capital lease agreement entered into with Intelsat Corporation (formerly PanAmSat Corporation) in February 1999 for satellite signal reception and retransmission service from 12 KU-band transponders on satellite IS-9, which became operational in September 2000. The service term for IS-9 will end at the earlier of (a) the end of 15 years or (b) the date IS-9 is taken out of service. The obligations of Sky under the IS-9 agreement are proportionately guaranteed by the Company and the other Sky equity owners in relation to their respective ownership interests (see Notes 6 and 11).
Maturities of Debt and Satellite Transponder Lease Obligation
Debt maturities for the years subsequent to December 31, 2007, are as follows:
         
2008
  Ps. 488,650  
2009
    1,167,321  
2010
    1,034,705  
2011
    787,412  
2012
    3,459,190  
Thereafter
    17,984,759  
 
     
 
  Ps. 24,922,037  
 
     
Future minimum payments under satellite transponder lease obligation for the years subsequent to December 31, 2007, are as follows:
         
2008
  Ps. 222,813  
2009
    222,813  
2010
    222,813  
2011
    222,813  
2012
    222,813  
Thereafter
    595,174  
 
     
 
    1,709,239  
Less: amount representing interest
    576,409  
 
     
 
  Ps. 1,132,830  
 
     
9. Financial Instruments
The Group’s financial instruments recorded on the balance sheet include cash, temporary investments, accounts and notes receivable, the available-for-sale investment in Univision classified as a current financial asset as of December 31, 2006 (see Note 2), debt securities classified as held-to-maturity investments, accounts payable, debt and derivative financial instruments. For cash, temporary investments, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and short-term notes payable due to banks and other financial institutions, the carrying amounts approximate fair value due to the short maturity of these instruments. The available-for-sale investment in Univision and the debt securities classified as available-for-sale investments are recorded at fair value. The fair value of the Group’s long-term debt securities are based on quoted market prices. Escrow deposits (see Note 5) bear interest at market rates and the carrying value approximates fair value.

 

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The fair value of warrants to purchase shares of common stock of Univision was based upon an option pricing model. The fair value of the long-term loans that the Group borrowed from leading Mexican banks (see Note 8) was estimated using the borrowing rates currently available to the Group for bank loans with similar terms and average maturities. The fair value of held-to-maturity securities, and currency option, interest rate swap and share put option agreements was based on quotes obtained from financial institutions.
The carrying and estimated fair values of the Group’s financial instruments at December 31, were as follows:
                                 
    2006     2007  
    Carrying Value     Fair Value     Carrying Value     Fair Value  
Non-derivative financial instruments:
                               
Assets:
                               
Available-for-sale investment in Univision (see Note 2)
  Ps. 12,266,318     Ps. 12,266,318     Ps.     Ps.  
Held-to-maturity securities (see Note 5)
    1,185,767       1,185,767       2,525,204       2,525,204  
Liabilities:
                               
Senior Notes due 2011, 2025 and 2032
  Ps. 10,894,177     Ps. 12,117,806     Ps. 10,615,843     Ps. 11,654,879  
Senior Notes due 2037
                4,500,000       4,280,581  
Other long-term debt securities
    126,108       133,022       122,886       132,717  
UDI-denominated long-term securities
    1,017,093       1,033,993              
Long-term notes payable to Mexican banks
    7,410,945       7,598,921       7,142,460       7,403,793  
Syndicated loan facility
                2,457,495       2,456,471  
Derivative financial instruments:
                               
Assets:
                               
Sky’s interest rate swaps(a)
  Ps. 737     Ps. 737     Ps. 36,040     Ps. 36,040  
Sky’s foreign currency forwards(b)
                999       999  
Interest rate cross currency swaps(c)
                19,397       19,397  
Liabilities:
                               
Interest rate treasury lock(d)
  Ps.     Ps.     Ps. 77,595     Ps. 77,595  
Interest rate swaps(e)
    327,499       327,499       197,891       197,891  
 
     
(a)  
In February 2004, Sky entered into coupon swap agreements to hedge a portion of its U.S. dollar foreign exchange exposure related to its Senior Notes due 2013. Under these transactions, Sky receives semi-annual payments calculated based on the aggregate notional amount of U.S.$11.3 million at an annual rate of 9.375%, and Sky makes monthly payments calculated based on an aggregate notional amount of approximately Ps.123,047 at an annual rate of 10.25%. These transactions will terminate in September 2008. As of December 31, 2006 and 2007, Sky recorded the change in fair value of these transactions in the integral cost of financing (foreign exchange loss).
 
(b)  
As of December 31, 2007, Sky had foreign currency forward contracts to cover a portion of its foreign currency cash flow requirements for an aggregate amount of U.S.$15 million to exchange U.S. dollars and Mexican pesos in 2008 at an average exchange rate of Ps.10.89 per U.S.$1.00 dollar.
 
(c)  
In December 2007, in connection with the issuance of its U.S.$225 million long-term debt, Empresas Cablevisión entered into cross currency swaps agreements to hedge interest rate risk and foreign currency exchange risk on such long-term debt.
 
(d)  
In the third quarter of 2007, the Company entered into interest rate lock agreements to hedge the risk that the cost of a future issuance of fixed-rate debt may be adversely affected by changes in interest rates. Under these agreements, the Company agrees to pay or receive an amount equal to the difference between the net present value of the cash flows for a notional principal amount of indebtedness based on the existing yield of a U.S. treasury bond at the date when the agreements are established and at the date when the agreements are settled.
 
   
The notional amounts of the agreements are not exchanged. Interest rate lock agreements are reflected at fair value in the Group’s consolidated balance sheet and the related gains or losses on these agreements are recognized in income as integral cost of financing (interest expense). At December 31, 2007, the Company had outstanding interest rate lock agreements for an aggregate U.S.$150.0 million notional principal amount of indebtedness.
 
(e)  
In order to reduce the adverse effects of exchange rates on the Senior Notes due 2011, 2025 and 2032, during 2004 and 2005, the Company entered into interest rate swap agreements with various financial institutions that allow the Company to hedge against Mexican peso depreciation on interest payments for a period of five years. Under these transactions, the Company receives semi-annual payments based on the aggregate notional amount U.S.$890 million as of December 31, 2006 and 2007, at an average annual rate of 7.37%, and the Company makes semi-annual payments based on an aggregate notional amount of approximately Ps.9,897,573 as of December 31, 2006 and 2007, at an average annual rate of 8.28%, without an exchange of the notional amount upon which the payments are based. In the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2007, the Company recorded a loss and (gain) of Ps.91,550 and Ps.(1,440), respectively, in the integral cost of financing (foreign exchange loss) derived of the change in fair value of these transactions. In November 2005, the Group entered into option contracts that allow the counterparty to extend the maturity of the swap agreements for one additional year on the notional amount of U.S.$890.0 million.

 

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10. Pension Plans, Seniority Premiums and Severance Indemnities
Certain companies in the Group have collective bargaining contracts which include defined benefit pension plans for substantially all of their employees. Additionally, the Group has a defined benefit pension plan for executives. All pension benefits are based on salary and years of service rendered.
Under the provisions of the Mexican labor law, seniority premiums are payable based on salary and years of service, to employees who resign or are terminated prior to reaching retirement age. Some companies in the Group have seniority premium benefits which are greater than the legal requirement. After retirement age employees are no longer eligible for seniority premiums.
Pension and seniority premium amounts are actuarially determined by using real assumptions (net of inflation) and attributing the present value of all future expected benefits proportionately over each year from date of hire to age 65. The Group used a 4% discount rate and 2% salary scale for 2005, 2006 and 2007. The Group used a 5%, 5.4% and 9.3% return on assets rate for 2005, 2006 and 2007, respectively. The Group makes voluntary contributions from time to time to trusts for the pension and seniority premium plans which are generally deductible for tax purposes. As of December 31, 2006 and 2007, plan assets were invested in a portfolio that primarily consisted of debt and equity securities, including shares of the Company. Pension and seniority premium benefits are paid when they become due.
The pension plan, seniority premium and severance indemnity liability (see Note 1(n)) as of December 31, was as follows:
                 
    2006     2007  
Pension plans:
               
Actuarial present value of benefit obligations:
               
Vested benefit obligations
  Ps. 318,167     Ps. 329,413  
Non-vested benefit obligations
    352,767       374,373  
 
           
Accumulated benefit obligation
    670,934       703,786  
Benefit attributable to projected salaries
    163,189       168,381  
 
           
Projected benefit obligation
    834,123       872,167  
Plan assets
    1,254,603       1,153,205  
 
           
Plan assets in excess of projected benefit obligation
    420,480       281,038  
 
           
Items to be amortized over a period from 5 to 18 years:
               
Transition obligation
    120,534       107,436  
Unrecognized prior service cost
    (13,851 )     (11,828 )
Unrecognized net gain
    (644,624 )     (435,665 )
 
           
 
    (537,941 )     (340,057 )
 
           
Net projected liability
    (117,461 )     (59,019 )
 
           
Seniority premiums:
               
Actuarial present value of benefit obligations:
               
Vested benefit obligations
    145,616       148,016  
Non-vested benefit obligations
    104,796       95,142  
 
           
Accumulated benefit obligation
    250,412       243,158  
Benefit attributable to projected salaries
    19,676       18,783  
 
           
Projected benefit obligation
    270,088       261,941  
Plan assets
    548,355       475,525  
 
           
Plan assets in excess of projected benefit obligation
    278,267       213,584  
 
           
Items to be amortized over a period from 5 to 8 years:
               
Transition obligation
    105,790       83,912  
Unrecognized prior service cost
    (115,726 )     (106,446 )
Unrecognized net gain
    (92,444 )     (7,569 )
 
           
 
    (102,380 )     (30,103 )
 
           

 

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    2006     2007  
Net projected asset
    175,887       183,481  
 
           
Severance indemnities:
               
Actuarial present value of benefit obligations:
               
Non-vested benefit obligations
    342,472       386,180  
 
           
Accumulated benefit obligation
    342,472       386,180  
Benefit attributable to projected salaries
    27,907       27,521  
 
           
Projected benefit obligation
    370,379       413,701  
Plan assets
           
 
           
Projected benefit obligation in excess of plan assets
    (370,379 )     (413,701 )
 
           
Items to be amortized over a period from 5 to 6 years:
               
Unrecognized net loss (gain)
    14,129       (25,682 )
 
           
Net projected liability
    (356,250 )     (439,383 )
 
           
Total labor liabilities
  Ps. (297,824 )   Ps. (314,921 )
 
           
The components of net periodic pension, seniority premium and severance indemnity plan cost (income) as of December 31, consist of the following:
                         
    2005     2006     2007  
Service cost
  Ps. 89,698     Ps. 96,435     Ps. 97,878  
Interest cost
    47,212       52,896       55,804  
Expected return on plan assets
    (60,251 )     (81,152 )     (168,141 )
Net amortization and deferral
    20,216       8,421       (9,280 )
 
                 
Net cost (income)
  Ps. 96,875     Ps. 76,600     Ps. (23,739 )
 
                 
11. Commitments and Contingencies
At December 31, 2007, the Group had commitments in an aggregate amount of Ps.173,664, of which Ps.83,446 were commitments related to gaming operations, Ps.45,557 were commitments to acquire television technical equipment, Ps.40,042, were commitments for the acquisition of software and related services, and Ps.4,619 were construction commitments for building improvements and technical facilities.
In the second half of 2005, the Group entered into a series of agreements with EMI Group PLC (“EMI”), a world leading recording music company, by which (i) a 50/50 joint venture music company (“Televisa EMI Music”) was created in Mexico in October 2005; and (ii) the Group became a 50/50 partner of EMI’s U.S. Latin music operations (“EMI Televisa Music”) beginning September 1, 2005. In accordance with the terms of such agreements, and under certain specific circumstances, (i) in the case of Televisa EMI Music, either party will have the right to acquire the other party’s interest in Televisa EMI Music in accordance with an agreed formula, and (ii) in the case of EMI Televisa Music, the Group may require EMI to purchase or EMI may require the Group to sell its 50% interest in the U.S. venture operations. These joint ventures did not require any significant capital funding by the Group during 2006 and 2007. The Group may fund up to 50% of certain working capital requirements of EMI Televisa Music during 2008, in the form of long-term loans.
At December 31, 2007, the Group had the following aggregate minimum annual commitments for the use of satellite transponders (other than transponders for DTH television services described below):
         
    Thousands of  
    U.S. Dollars  
2008
  U.S.$ 14,665  
2009
    11,006  
2010
    5,938  
2011
    4,740  
2012 and thereafter
    13,726  
 
     
 
  U.S.$ 50,075  
 
     
The Group has guaranteed a 58.7% of Sky minimum commitments for use of satellite transponders over a period ending in 2015. As of December 31, 2007, this guarantee is estimated to be an aggregate of approximately U.S.$92.8 million (undiscounted) as of December 31, 2007 (see Notes 2, 8 and 9).

 

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The Company has guaranteed the obligation of Sky for direct loans in an aggregate amount of Ps.3,500,000, which are reflected in the December 31, 2007 balance sheet as liabilities (see Note 8).
The Group leases facilities, primarily for its Gaming business, under operating leases expiring through 2046. The Group’s Gaming business started operations in the second quarter of 2007. As of December 31, 2007, non-cancellable annual lease commitments (undiscounted) are as follows:
         
2008
  Ps. 174,250  
2009
    148,242  
2010
    130,453  
2011
    75,160  
2012
    24,086  
Thereafter
    120,709  
 
     
 
  Ps. 672,900  
 
     
At December 31, 2007, the Group had commitments of capital contributions to be made in 2008 related to its 40% equity interest in La Sexta in the aggregate amount of approximately 44.4 million euros (Ps.707,465) (see Notes 2 and 5).
In June 2003, the Company was notified by the Mexican tax authority of a federal tax claim made against the Company for an alleged asset tax liability for the year 1994. As of December 31, 2007, the Company accrued Ps.71,313 to settle this claim in accordance with a tax amnesty provided by the Mexican tax law.
During 2006 and 2007, the Group filed petitions with Mexican Federal Courts in response to assertions made by the Mexican tax authorities that the Group owed withheld income taxes in connection with the acquisition of exclusivity rights of certain soccer players from foreign entities in 1999, 2000, 2001 and 2002. As of December 31, 2007, the Group accrued Ps.16,796 to settle this caim in accordance with a tax amnesty provided by the Mexican tax law (see Note 17).
There are other various legal actions and other claims pending against the Group incidental to its businesses and operations. In the opinion of the Group’s management, none of these proceedings will have a material adverse effect on the Group’s financial position or results of operations.
In November 2007, Sky and Sky Brasil Servicos Ltda. (“Sky Brasil”) reached an agreement with Intelsat Corporation, and an affiliate, to build and launch a new 24-transponder satellite (“IS-16”) for which service will be dedicated to Sky and Sky Brasil over the satellite’s estimated 15-year service life. The IS-16, which is expected to be launched in the fourth quarter of 2009, will provide back up for both platforms, and will also double Sky’s current capacity. The agreement considers the payment related to Sky of a one-time fixed fee in the aggregate amount of U.S.$138.6 million that will be paid in two installments, the first one of U.S.$27.7 million in the fourth quarter of 2009, and the second one of U.S.$110.9 million in the fourth quarter of 2010. The agreement also considers the payment related to Sky of a monthly service fee of U.S.$150 thousand to be paid from the start of service date through September 2015.
Univision
In May 2005, Televisa, S.A. de C.V. (“Televisa”), a subsidiary of the Company, filed a complaint (which was subsequently amended) in the U.S. District Court for the Central District of California (the “Court”) alleging that Univision breached the Second Amended and Restated Program License Agreement entered into as of December 19, 2001 (the “PLA”) between Televisa Internacional, S.A. de C.V., a predecessor company, and Univision, as well as the December 19, 2001 letter agreement between Televisa and Univision relating to soccer broadcast rights (the “Soccer Agreement”), among other claims (“District Court Action”). Univision filed related answers denying all allegations and asserting affirmative defenses, as well as related counterclaims against Televisa and the Company. Univision also claimed that the Company had breached other agreements between the parties, including a Participation Agreement entered into as of October 2, 1996 and a Telefutura Production Services Agreement. In addition, Univision claimed that the Company breached a Guaranty dated December 19, 2001, by which, among other things, the Company guaranteed that the Company’s affiliates (including Televisa) would produce a specified minimum number of novellas.

 

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During 2006, Televisa and the Company answered the counterclaims, denying them and asserting affirmative defenses based on Univision’s alleged breaches of the agreements, including the PLA, the Guaranty and the Soccer Agreement. Televisa also amended its complaint again, adding the Company as a plaintiff. In their amended complaint, Televisa and the Company asked for a declaration by the Court that they had the right to suspend their performance under and to terminate the PLA, the Guaranty and the Soccer Agreement as a result of Univision’s alleged material breaches of those agreements. Univision filed amended counterclaims, seeking, among other things, a declaration by the Court that Televisa and the Company do not have the right to terminate or suspend performance of their obligations under the PLA or the Soccer Agreement. Also, in 2006, Televisa filed a separate lawsuit in the Los Angeles Superior Court, State of California seeking a judicial determination that on or after December 19, 2006, Televisa may transmit or permit others to transmit any television programming into the United States from Mexico by means of the Internet. That lawsuit was stayed. In October 2006, Univision added a new counterclaim in the District Court Action for a judicial declaration that on or after December 19, 2006, Televisa may not transmit or permit others to transmit any television programming into the United States by means of the Internet.
During 2005, 2006 and 2007, in connection with the Company’s complaint in the District Court Action, Univision made payments to the Group under protest of the disputed royalties and of other license fees that Univision alleges have been overcharged, and is seeking recovery of these amounts via its counterclaims. The Group has recognized these payments made by Univision as customer deposits and advances in its consolidated balance sheets (see Note 16).
After a continuance motion, in June 2007, the Court, among other things, reset the trial date for January 18, 2008 in the District Court Action. After an additional continuance motion, in October 2007, the Court reset the trial date in the District Court Action for March 18, 2008.
In October 2007, Univision filed a motion for summary judgment whereby it sought a judgment from the Court that its claimed breaches of the long-term PLA between Univision and Televisa were not material and therefore the PLA was not subject to termination by Televisa. On December 21, 2007, the Court issued its order denying Univision’s motion for summary judgment.
On January 11, 2008, Univision filed a motion to continue the trial to October 2008. Televisa opposed Univision’s motion. On February 5, 2008, the Court denied Univision’s motion to continue the trial date, and rescheduled the trial in the District Court Action for April 29, 2008.
On April 6, 2008, Univision dismissed without prejudice its counterclaims against Televisa with the exception of its claim for recoupment of disputed royalty payments made to the Company on the protest and its claim for a judicial declaration that, on or after December 19, 2006, Televisa would not transmit or permit others to transmit any television programming into the United States by means of the internet.
On April 22, 2008, the Court in the District Court Action conducted a final pre-trial conference. During the final pre-trial conference, the Court confirmed that the trial would commence on April 29, 2008. Further, the Court ordered that the trial of the Univision Internet Counterclaim will be bifurcated and tried by the Court after the conclusion of the jury trial regarding Televisa’s claims and Univision’s recoupment counterclaim.
On April 28, 2008, at the request of Televisa and Univision, the Court reset the trial date in the District Court Action for July 1, 2008. On June 12, 2008, at the request of Televisa and Univision, the Court further postponed the trial date for October 14, 2008.
The Group cannot predict how its overall business relationship with Univision will be affected by this dispute. The Group believes the counterclaims and affirmative defenses made by Univision are without merit and will defend vigorously.
12. Capital Stock, Stock Purchase Plan and Long-term Retention Plan
Capital Stock
The Company has four classes of capital stock: Series “A” Shares, Series “B” Shares, Series “D” Shares and Series “L” Shares, with no par value. The Series “A” Shares and Series “B” Shares are common shares. The Series “D” Shares are limited-voting and preferred dividend shares, with a preference upon liquidation. The Series “L” Shares are limited-voting shares.
The Company’s shares are publicly traded in Mexico, primarily in the form of Ordinary Participation Certificates (“CPOs”), each CPO representing 117 shares comprised of 25 Series “A” Shares, 22 Series “B” Shares, 35 Series “D” Shares and 35 Series “L” Shares; and in the United States in the form of Global Depositary Shares (“GDS”), each GDS representing five CPOs (before March 22, 2006 each GDS was represented by 20 CPOs). Non-Mexican holders of CPOs do not have voting rights with respect to the Series “A”, Series “B” and Series “D” Shares.

 

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At December 31, 2007, shares of capital stock and CPOs consisted of (in millions):
                                         
    Authorized     Repurchased     Acquired by a     Acquired by a        
    and     by the     Company’s     Company’s        
    Issued(1)     Company(2)     Trust(3)     Subsidiary(4)     Outstanding  
Series “A” Shares
    121,709.7       (1,254.1 )     (7,164.8 )     (1,177.6 )     112,113.2  
Series “B” Shares
    57,606.3       (1,103.6 )     (3,806.7 )     (602.2 )     52,093.8  
Series “D” Shares
    87,896.5       (1,755.7 )     (2,339.2 )     (925.0 )     82,876.6  
Series “L” Shares
    87,896.5       (1,755.7 )     (2,339.2 )     (925.0 )     82,876.6  
 
                             
Total shares
    355,109.0       (5,869.1 )     (15,649.9 )     (3,629.8 )     329,960.2  
 
                             
Shares in the form of CPOs
    293,824.8       (5,869.1 )     (7,819.8 )     (3,092.2 )     277,043.7  
 
                             
CPOs
    2,511.3       (50.2 )     (66.8 )     (26.4 )     2,367.9  
 
                             
 
     
(1)  
As of December 31, 2007, the authorized and issued capital stock amounted to Ps.10,267,570 (nominal Ps.2,427,353).
 
(2)  
In 2005, 2006 and 2007, the Company repurchased 3,645.5 million, 6,714.1 million and 7,861.2 million shares in the form of 31.2 million, 57.4 million and 67.2 million CPOs, respectively, in the amount of Ps.1,150,000, Ps.2,692,926 and Ps.4,049,902, respectively, in connection with a share repurchase program that was approved by the Company’s stockholders and exercised at the discretion of management. In April 2006, the Company’s stockholders approved (i) the cancellation of 5,888.5 million shares of capital stock in the form of 50.3 million CPOs, which were repurchased by the Company under this program in 2004, 2005 and 2006; and (ii) up to 15% of the outstanding shares of the Company’s common stock as the amount of shares that can be repurchased by the Company. In April 2007, the Company’s stockholders approved (i) the cancellation of 8,275.8 million shares of capital stock in the form of 70.7 million CPOs, which were repurchased by the Company in 2006 and 2007.
 
(3)  
In connection with the Company’s Long-Term Retention Plan described below.
 
(4)  
In connection with the Company’s Stock Purchase Plan described below.
On December 21, 2006, the Company’s stockholders approved certain changes to the Company’s bylaws to conform with applicable regulations for Mexican public companies in accordance with the Mexican Stock Market law, which became effective in June 2006. These changes included, among others, the creation of a corporate practice committee, additional duties for the audit committee, more specific responsibilities for members of the board of directors and the corporate executive officer, and a new name for the nature of company under which the Company’s is incorporated, which changed from “Sociedad Anónima” or “S.A.” (limited liability company) to “Sociedad Anónima Bursátil” or “S.A.B.” (public limited liability company).
Under the Company’s bylaws, the Company’s Board of Directors consists of 20 members, of which the holders of Series “A” Shares, Series “B” Shares, Series “D” Shares and Series “L” Shares, each voting as a class, are entitled to elect eleven members, five members, two members and two members, respectively.
Holders of Series “D” Shares are entitled to receive an annual, cumulative and preferred dividend equivalent to 5% of the nominal capital attributable to those Shares (nominal Ps.0.00034177575 per share) before any dividends are payable in respect of Series “A” Shares, Series “B” Shares or Series “L” Shares. Holders of Series “A” Shares, Series “B” Shares and Series “L” Shares are entitled to receive the same dividends as holders of Series “D” Shares if stockholders declare dividends in addition to the preferred dividend that holders of Series “D” Shares are entitled to. If the Company is liquidated, Series “D” Shares are entitled to a liquidation preference equal to the nominal capital attributable to those Shares (nominal Ps.0.00683551495 per share) before any distribution is made in respect of Series “A” Shares, Series “B” Shares and Series “L” Shares.
At December 31, 2007, the restated tax value of the Company’s common stock was Ps.23,186,027. In the event of any capital reduction in excess of the tax value of the Company’s common stock, such excess will be treated as dividends for income tax purposes (see Note 13).
Stock Purchase Plan
The Company adopted a Stock Purchase Plan (the “Plan”) that provides, in conjunction with the Long-term Retention Plan described below, for the grant of options to sell up to 8% of the Company’s capital stock to key Group employees. Pursuant to this Plan, as of December 31, 2007, the Company had assigned approximately 117.4 million CPOs, at market prices, subject to certain conditions, including vesting periods within five years from the time the awards are granted. The shares sold pursuant to the Plan, some of which have been registered pursuant to a registration statement on Form S-8 under the Securities Act of the United States, can only be transferred to the plan participants when the conditions set forth in the Plan and the related agreements are satisfied. During 2005, 2006 and 2007, approximately 26.9 million CPOs, 33.1 million CPOs, and 7.8 million CPOs, respectively, were exercised pursuant to this Plan in the amount of Ps.337,799, Ps.443,941 and Ps.123,653, respectively, and transferred to the Plan participants.

 

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Long-term Retention Plan
The Company adopted a Long-term Retention Plan (the “Retention Plan”) which supplements the Company’s existing Stock Purchase Plan described above, and provides for the grant and sale of the Company’s capital stock to key Group employees. Pursuant to the Retention Plan, as of December 31, 2006 and 2007, the Company had assigned approximately 47.4 million CPOs and 52.5 million CPOs, respectively, at a weighted-average price of Ps.13.45 per CPO and Ps.18.39 per CPO, respectively, subject to certain conditions, including a vesting period between 2008 and 2012. During 2006, approximately 9,675 thousand CPOs were early exercised pursuant to this Retention Plan in the amount of Ps.117,959.
As of December 31, 2007, the designated Retention Plan trust owned approximately 133.8 million CPOs or CPOs equivalents, including approximately 7.6 million CPOs or CPOs equivalents that have been reserved to a group of employees, and may be granted at a price of approximately Ps.28.05 per CPO, subject to certain conditions, in vesting periods between 2009 and 2023. In 2004, as a result of the Recapitalization described above and other related transactions, the designated Retention Plan trust received a number of Series “B”, Series “D” and Series “L” Shares against the delivery of the same number of Series “A” Shares.
Beginning in 2005, in connection with the Company’s Plan and Retention Plan, the Group determined the stock-based compensation expense, as required by IFRS 2 (see Note 1(r)), by using the Black-Scholes pricing model at the date on which the stock was granted to personnel under the Group’s stock-based compensation plans, on the following arrangements and weighted-average assumptions:
                                 
    Stock     Long-term  
    Purchase Plan     Retention Plan  
Arrangements:
                               
Year of grant
    2003       2004       2004       2007  
Number of CPOs granted
    2,360       32,918       46,784       5,971  
Contractual life
  3-5 years   1-3 years   4-6 years   3-5 years
Assumptions:
                               
Dividend yield
    3.00 %     3.00 %     3.00 %     3.00 %
Expected volatility(1)
    31.88 %     21.81 %     22.12 %     21.98 %
Risk-free interest rate
    9.35 %     6.52 %     8.99 %     7.54 %
Expected life of awards (in years)
  4.01 years   2.62 years   4.68 years   3.68 years
 
     
(1)  
Volatility was determined by reference to historically observed prices of the Group’s CPO.
A summary of the stock awards for employees as of December 31, is presented below (in constant pesos and thousands of CPOs):
                                 
    2006     2007  
            Weighted-             Weighted-  
            Average             Average  
    CPOs     Exercise Price     CPOs     Exercise Price  
Stock Purchase Plan:
                               
Outstanding at beginning of year
    48,182       14.99       18,416       16.30  
Granted
                40       10.30  
Exercised
    (29,050 )     12.39       (5,074 )     15.85  
Forfeited
    (716 )     13.07       (66 )     10.30  
 
                           
Outstanding at beginning of year
    18,416       16.30       13,316       15.74  
 
                           
Exercisable at end of year
    8,492       15.80       11,236       16.24  
 
                           
Long-Term Retention Plan:
                               
Outstanding at beginning of year
    46,784       12.10       47,390       11.75  
Granted
    1,340       11.75       5,971       56.93  
Exercised
                (4,851 )     11.73  
Forfeited
    (734 )     11.75       (856 )     10.30  
 
                           
Outstanding at beginning of year
    47,390       11.75       47,654       14.00  
 
                           
Exercisable at end of year
    9,675       11.75       4,824       10.30  
 
                           

 

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As of December 31, 2007, the weighted-average remaining contractual life of the awards under the Stock Purchase Plan and the Long-term Retention Plan is 0.5 and 1.32 years, respectively.
13. Retained Earnings
In accordance with Mexican law, the legal reserve must be increased by 5% of annual net profits until it reaches 20% of the capital stock amount. In 2005 and 2006, the Company’s stockholders approved increases to the legal reserve amounting to Ps.240,794 and Ps.193,802, respectively. This reserve is not available for dividends, but may be used to reduce a deficit or may be transferred to stated capital. Other appropriations of profits require the vote of the stockholders.
In prior years the Company’s stockholders approved appropriating from retained earnings a reserve amounting to Ps.7,764,593 for the repurchase of shares, at the discretion of management. Through December 31, 2007, this reserve has been used in an amount of Ps.6,523,724, in connection with the cancellation of shares repurchased by the Company.
In April 2005, the Company’s stockholders approved the payment of a dividend in the aggregate amount of Ps.4,648,726 (nominal Ps.4,214,750), which consisted of nominal Ps.1.35 per CPO and nominal Ps.0.01153846153 per share of Series “A”, “B”, “D” and “L,” not in the form of a CPO, and was paid in cash in May 2005.
In April 2006, the Company’s stockholders approved the payment of a dividend in the aggregate amount of Ps.1,161,839 (nominal Ps.1,087,049), which consisted of nominal Ps.0.35 per CPO and nominal Ps.0.00299145 per share of Series “A”, “B”, “D” and “L,” not in the form of a CPO, and was paid in cash in May 2006.
In April 2007, the Company’s stockholders approved the payment of a dividend in the aggregate amount of Ps.4,506,492 (nominal Ps.4,384,719), which consisted of nominal Ps.1.45 per CPO and nominal Ps.0.01239316239 per share of series “A”, “B”, “D” and “L”, not in the form of a CPO, and was paid in cash in May 2007.
Dividends, either in cash or in other forms, paid by the Mexican companies in the Group will be subject to income tax if the dividends are paid from earnings that have not been subject to Mexican income taxes computed on an individual company basis under the provisions of the Mexican Income Tax Law. In this case, dividends will be taxable by multiplying such dividends by a 1.3889 factor and applying to the resulting amount the income tax rate of 28%.
At December 31, 2007, cumulative earnings that have been subject to income tax and can be distributed by the Company free of Mexican withholding tax were approximately Ps.1,081,163. In addition, the payment of dividends is restricted under certain circumstances by the terms of certain Mexican peso loan agreements (see Note 8).

 

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14. Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Comprehensive income related to the majority interest for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007, was as follows:
                         
    2005     2006     2007  
Net income
  Ps. 6,613,414     Ps. 8,908,943     Ps. 8,082,463  
 
                 
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net:
                       
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net(1)
    (192,360 )     595,682       204,174  
Result from holding non-monetary assets, net(2)
    (573,669 )     (67,302 )     23,491  
Result from available for-sale investments, net(3)
          (565,862 )     565,862  
(Loss) gain on equity accounts of investees, net(4)
    (204,485 )     57,930       5,382  
 
                 
Total other comprehensive (loss) income, net
    (970,514 )     20,448       798,909  
 
                 
Comprehensive income
  Ps. 5,642,900     Ps. 8,929,391     Ps. 8,881,372  
 
                 
 
     
(1)  
The amounts for 2005 and 2006 include the foreign exchange gain (loss) of, Ps.450,057 and Ps.(594,267), respectively, which relate to the hedge of the Group’s net investment in Univision as a foreign entity investment through June 30, 2006 (see Notes 1(c) and 18).
 
(2)  
Represents the difference between specific costs (net replacement cost or Specific Index) of non-monetary assets and the restatement of such assets using the NCPI, net of deferred tax (provision) benefit of Ps.229,603, Ps.31,439 and Ps.(7,523) for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007, respectively.
 
(3)  
The amount for 2006 includes a foreign exchange loss of Ps.(617,148); a foreign exchange gain of Ps.559,845, which relates to the hedge of the Group’s investment in Univision as an available-for-sale investment beginning in July 2006; a loss on monetary position of Ps.(433,492); and a fair value loss effect of Ps.(75,067). In 2007, the net amount of Ps.565,862 was applied to consolidated income as other expense, net (see Note 18).
 
(4)  
Represents the gains or losses on the dilution of investments in equity investees, as well as other comprehensive income recognized by equity investees.

 

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The changes in components of accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007, were as follows:
                                                         
    Gain             Result from     Cumulative     Cumulative     Cumulative        
    (Loss) on             Available-     Result from     Result from     Effect of     Accumulated  
    Equity     Accumulated     For-Sale     Holding Non-     Foreign     Deferred     Other  
    Accounts of     Monetary     Financial     Monetary     Currency     Income     Comprehensive  
    Investees     Result     Assets     Assets     Translation     Taxes     Loss  
Balance at January 1, 2005
  Ps. 4,377,223     Ps. (35,186 )   Ps.     Ps. (2,019,836 )   Ps. (1,956,075 )   Ps. (3,224,437 )   Ps. (2,858,311 )
Current year change
    (204,485 )                 (573,669 )     (192,360 )           (970,514 )
 
                                         
Balance at December 31, 2005
    4,172,738       (35,186 )           (2,593,505 )     (2,148,435 )     (3,224,437 )     (3,828,825 )
Current year change
    57,930             (565,862 )     (67,302 )     595,682             20,448  
 
                                         
Balance at December 31, 2006
    4,230,668       (35,186 )     (565,862 )     (2,660,807 )     (1,552,753 )     (3,224,437 )     (3,808,377 )
Current year change
    5,382             565,862       23,491       204,174             798,909  
 
                                         
Balance at December 31, 2007
  Ps. 4,236,050     Ps. (35,186 )   Ps.     Ps. (2,637,316 )   Ps. (1,348,579 )   Ps. (3,224,437 )   Ps. (3,009,468 )
 
                                         
Cumulative result from holding non-monetary assets as of December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007 is net of a deferred income tax benefit of Ps.358,975, Ps.390,414 and Ps.382,891, respectively.
15. Minority Interest
Minority interest at December 31, consisted of:
                 
    2006     2007  
Capital stock(1)
  Ps. 3,964,514     Ps. 1,398,744  
(Accumulated losses) retained earnings(1)
    (2,526,961 )     1,665,069  
Cumulative result from holding non-monetary assets
    (345,034 )     (389,720 )
Accumulated monetary result
    (521 )     (161 )
Cumulative effect of deferred income taxes
    (59,750 )     1,328  
Net income for the year
    610,353       935,927  
 
           
 
  Ps. 1,642,601     Ps. 3,611,187  
 
           
 
     
(1)  
During 2007 Sky capitalized accumulated losses.
16. Transactions with Related Parties
The principal transactions carried out by the Group with affiliated companies, including equity investees, stockholders and entities in which stockholders have an equity interest, for the years ended December 31, were as follows:
                         
    2005     2006     2007  
Revenues:
                       
Royalties (Univision)(a)
  Ps. 1,195,360     Ps. 1,466,561     Ps.  
Soccer transmission rights (Univision)
    98,947       99,673        
Programming production and transmission rights(b)
    100,625       36,460       98,836  
Administrative services(c)
    79,611       55,602       65,586  
Interest income
    1,344       17,145        
Advertising(d)
    34,976       90,938       80,122  
 
                 
 
  Ps. 1,510,863     Ps. 1,766,379     Ps. 244,544  
 
                 
Costs:
                       
Donations
  Ps. 114,627     Ps. 105,901     Ps. 98,029  
Administrative services(c)
    28,727       11,633       30,101  
Other
    251,885       79,834       263,714  
 
                 
 
  Ps. 395,239     Ps. 197,368     Ps. 391,844  
 
                 
 
     
(a)  
The Group receives royalties from Univision for programming provided pursuant to a program license agreement that expires in December 2017. Royalties are determined based upon a percentage of combined net sales of Univision, which was 9% plus an incremental percentage of up to 3% over additional sales. Univision was no longer considered a related party during 2007 (see Note 2).
 
(b)  
Services rendered to Endemol and other affiliates in 2005, 2006 and 2007.
 
(c)  
The Group receives revenue from and is charged by affiliates for various services, such as equipment rental, security and other services, at rates which are negotiated. The Group provides management services to affiliates, which reimburse the Group for the incurred payroll and related expenses.
 
(d)  
Advertising services rendered to OCEN in 2005, 2006 and 2007, and Volaris in 2006 and 2007.

 

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Other transactions with related parties carried out by the Group in the normal course of business include the following:
(1) A consulting firm owned by a relative of one of the Group’s directors, which has, from time to time, provided consulting services and research in connection with the effects of the Group’s programming on its viewing audience. Total fees for such services during 2006 and 2007 amounted to Ps.19,281 and Ps.20,816, respectively.
(2) From time to time, a Mexican bank made loans to the Group, on terms substantially similar to those offered by the bank to third parties. Some members of the Group’s Board serve as board members of this bank.
(3) Two of the Group’s directors and one of the Group’s alternate directors are members of the board as well as stockholders of a Mexican company, which is a producer, distributor and exporter of beer in Mexico. Such company purchases advertising services from the Group in connection with the promotion of its products from time to time, paying rates applicable to third-party advertisers for these advertising services.
(4) Several other members of the Company’s current board serve as members of the boards and/or are stockholders of other companies, some of which purchased advertising services from the Group in connection with the promotion of their respective products and services, paying rates applicable to third-party advertisers for these advertising services.
(5) During 2005, 2006 and 2007, a professional services firm in which a current director maintains interest provided legal advisory services to the Group in connection with various corporate matters. Total fees for such services amounted to Ps.19,128, Ps.17,256 and Ps.21,831, respectively.
(6) A television production company, indirectly controlled by a company where a member of the board and executive of the Company is a stockholder, provided production services to the Group in 2005, 2006 and 2007, in the amount of Ps.123,202, Ps.84,229 and Ps.153,364, respectively.
(7) During 2006 and 2007 the Group paid sale commissions to a company where a member of the board and executive of the Company is a stockholder, in the amount of Ps.113,972 and Ps.49,614, respectively.
(8) During 2005, 2006 and 2007, a company in which a current director and executive of the Company is a stockholder, purchased unsold advertising from the Group for a total of Ps.156,225, Ps.166,741 and Ps.160,000, respectively.
The balances of receivables and (payables) between the Group and affiliates as of December 31, were as follows:
                 
    2006     2007  
Receivables:
               
Grupo TV Promo, S.A. de C.V.
  Ps.     Ps. 103,500  
Univision (see Note 2)
    108,122        
Editorial Clío, Libros y Videos, S.A. de C.V.
    7,182       9,241  
Volaris (see Note 2)
    34,374       10,859  
OCEN (see Note 5)
    2,027       28,666  
Other
    40,056       42,757  
 
           
 
  Ps. 191,761     Ps. 195,023  
 
           
Payables:
               
TechCo (see Note 2)
  Ps. (4,229 )   Ps. (71,159 )
News Corp. (see Note 2)
    (24,397 )     (50,303 )
Other
    (10,940 )     (5,729 )
 
           
 
  Ps. (39,566 )   Ps. (127,191 )
 
           

 

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All significant account balances included in amounts due from affiliates bear interest. In 2005, 2006 and 2007, average interest rates of 9.6%, 7.5% and 7.7% were charged, respectively. Advances and receivables are short-term in nature; however, these accounts do not have specific due dates.
Customer deposits and advances as of December 31, 2006 and 2007, included deposits and advances from affiliates and other related parties, which were primarily made by Univision (see Note 11), OCEN, Editorial Clío, Libros y Videos, S.A. de C.V., and Volaris in 2006 and 2007, in an aggregate amount of Ps.297,917 and Ps.161,286, respectively.
17. Other Expense, Net
Other expense (income) for the years ended December 31, is analyzed as follows:
                         
    2005     2006     2007  
Loss (gain) on disposition of investments, net (see Note 2)
  Ps. 172,896     Ps.     Ps. 669,473  
Donations (see Note 16)
    129,609       135,001       150,224  
Financial advisory and professional services(1)
    78,252       102,876       191,495  
Employees’ profit sharing(2)
    21,493       31,649       20,821  
Loss on disposition of fixed assets
    119,938             37,989  
Restructuring severance costs
    44,645       46,984       27,736  
Impairment adjustments(3)
          93,464       493,693  
Expenses of debt placement(4)
    195,536       496,999        
Termination fee income for the cancellation of a call option (see Note 2)
                (462,083 )
Other expense (income), net(5)
    8,530       (18,903 )     (175,996 )
 
                 
 
  Ps. 770,899     Ps. 888,070     Ps. 953,352  
 
                 
 
     
(1)  
Includes financial advisory services in connection with contemplated dispositions and strategic planning projects and professional services in connection with certain litigation and other matters (see Notes 2, 12 and 16).
 
(2)  
The Mexican companies in the Group are required by law to pay employees, in addition to their agreed compensation and benefits, employees’ profit sharing at the statutory rate of 10% based on their respective taxable incomes (calculated without reference to inflation adjustments and tax loss carryforwards).
 
(3)  
During 2006 and 2007, the Group tested for impairment the carrying value of certain trademarks of its Publishing segment, and goodwill of certain business of its Television Broadcasting segment, respectively. As a result of such testing, an impairment adjustment was made to trademarks in 2006, and goodwill in 2007, of Ps.93,464 and Ps.493,693, respectively.
 
(4)  
In 2005, these expenses were related to Senior Notes due 2011 and Notes denominated in Mexican UDIs due 2007, and in 2006, these expenses were related to Senior Notes due 2013 (see Note 8).
 
(5)  
In 2007, includes primarily a cancellation of a provision for certain contingencies in connection with the acquisition of exclusivity rights of certain soccer players from foreign entities (see Note 11).
18. Integral Cost of Financing
Integral cost of financing for the years ended December 31, consisted of:
                         
    2005     2006     2007  
Interest expense(1)
  Ps. 2,304,503     Ps. 2,010,425     Ps. 2,176,998  
Interest income
    (1,006,364 )     (1,135,400 )     (1,844,653 )
Foreign exchange loss (gain), net(2)
    785,493       197,678       (215,897 )
(Gain) loss from monetary position(3)
    (159,671 )     68,325       293,766  
 
                 
 
  Ps. 1,923,961     Ps. 1,141,028     Ps. 410,214  
 
                 
 
     
(1)  
Interest expense in 2005, 2006 and 2007, includes Ps.41,109, Ps.41,341 and Ps.13,034, respectively, derived from the UDI index restatement of Company’s UDI-denominated debt securities and a net gain from related derivative contracts of Ps.6,803, in 2005, (see Notes 8 and 9).

 

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(2)  
Includes in 2005, 2006 and 2007 a net loss (gain) from foreign currency derivative contracts of Ps.768,987, Ps.59,916 and Ps.(39,087), respectively. A foreign exchange (gain) loss in 2005, 2006 and 2007 of Ps.(450,057), Ps.34,422, and Ps.211,520, respectively, related to the hedge of the Group’s net investment in Univision, was recognized in 2005 and 2006 in consolidated stockholders’ equity as other comprehensive income or loss, and in 2007 in consolidated income as other expense, net (see Notes 1(c) and 14).
 
(3)  
The gain or loss from monetary position represents the effects of inflation, as measured by the NCPI in the case of Mexican companies, or the general inflation index of each country in the case of foreign subsidiaries, on the monetary assets and liabilities at the beginning of each month. It also includes monetary loss in 2005, 2006 and 2007 of Ps.143,831, Ps.111,652 and Ps.135,548, respectively, arising from temporary differences of non-monetary items in calculating deferred income tax (see Note 19).
19. Income Taxes
The Company is authorized by the Mexican tax authorities to compute its income tax and asset tax on a consolidated basis. Mexican controlling companies are allowed to consolidate, for income tax purposes, income or losses of their Mexican subsidiaries up to a certain percentage of their share ownership in such subsidiaries, which was 100% as of December 31, 2006, and 2007. The asset tax is computed on a fully consolidated basis.
The Mexican corporate income tax rate in 2005, 2006 and 2007 was 30%, 29% and 28%, respectively. In accordance with the current Mexican Income Tax Law, the corporate income tax rate in subsequent years will be 28%.
The income tax provision for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007 was comprised as follows:
                         
    2005     2006     2007  
Income tax and asset tax, current
  Ps. 1,661,596     Ps. 799,833     Ps. 3,707,763  
Income tax and asset tax, deferred
    (850,520 )     1,292,645       (358,122 )
 
                 
 
  Ps. 811,076     Ps. 2,092,478     Ps. 3,349,641  
 
                 
The following items represent the principal differences between income taxes computed at the statutory rate and the Group’s provision for income tax and the asset tax.
                         
    %     %     %  
    2005     2006     2007  
Tax at the statutory rate on income before provisions
    30       29       28  
Differences in inflation adjustments for tax and book purposes
    1             2  
Hedge
    1              
Special tax consolidation items
    (2 )            
Unconsolidated income tax
                1  
Minority interest
    (2 )           (4 )
Excess in tax provision of prior years
    (1 )            
Changes in valuation allowances:
                       
Asset tax
          3       3  
Tax loss carryforwards
    (1 )     3        
Foreign operations
    (5 )     (2 )     (5 )
Equity in losses (earnings) of affiliates, net
          1       2  
Use of tax losses(a)
    (12 )     (16 )      
 
                 
Provision for income tax and the asset tax
    9       18       27  
 
                 
 
     
(a)  
In 2005, this amount represents the effect of the use of tax losses in connection with the acquisition of Comtelvi (see Note 2). In 2006, this amount represents the effect of the use of tax deductions related to certain transactions made by the Group in connection with a corporate reorganization.

 

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The Group has tax loss carryforwards at December 31, 2007, as follows:
                 
    Amount     Expiration  
Operating tax loss carryforwards:
               
Unconsolidated:
               
Mexican subsidiaries(1)
  Ps. 2,899,932     From 2008 to 2017
Non-Mexican subsidiaries(2)
    1,707,733     From 2008 to 2028
 
             
 
    4,607,665          
Capital tax loss carryforwards:
               
Unconsolidated Mexican subsidiaries(3)
    112,743     From 2008 to 2010
 
             
 
  Ps. 4,720,408          
 
             
 
     
(1)  
During 2005, 2006 and 2007, certain Mexican subsidiaries utilized unconsolidated operating tax loss carryforwards of Ps.483,304, Ps.3,279,827 and Ps.3,438,922, respectively. In 2005, 2006 and 2007, the carryforward amount includes the operating tax loss carryforwards related to the minority interest of Sky.
 
(2)  
Approximately for the equivalent of U.S.$156.4 million related to losses from subsidiaries in Europe, South America and the United States.
 
(3)  
These carryforwards can only be used in connection with capital gains to be generated by such subsidiaries.
The asset tax rate was 1.8% in 2005 and 2006. In 2007, the asset tax rate decreased from 1.8% to 1.25%; however, those asset tax deductions that were permitted in prior years are not longer allowed beginning 2007.
The deferred taxes as of December 31, 2006 and 2007, were principally derived from the following temporary differences:
                 
    2006     2007  
Assets:
               
Accrued liabilities
  Ps. 672,091     Ps. 700,449  
Goodwill
    807,453       945,687  
Tax loss carryforwards
    1,345,198       843,549  
Allowance for doubtful accounts
    285,310       286,933  
Customer advances
    1,238,883       901,333  
Other items
    171,371       148,517  
Liabilities:
               
Inventories
    (641,907 )     (401,788 )
Property, plant and equipment, net
    (1,112,795 )     (961,509 )
Prepaid expenses
    (1,293,728 )     (1,403,224 )
Sky
    (923,767 )     (525,164 )
 
           
Deferred income taxes of Mexican companies
    548,109       534,783  
Deferred income taxes of foreign subsidiaries
    (119,690 )     547,532  
Asset tax
    1,455,384       1,477,037  
Valuation allowances(a)
    (3,428,544 )     (3,832,186 )
 
           
Deferred income tax liability, net
  Ps. (1,544,741 )   Ps. (1,272,834 )
 
           
 
     
(a)  
Reflects valuation allowances of foreign subsidiaries of Ps.357,753 and Ps.565,912 at December 31, 2006 and 2007, respectively.
A roll forward of the Group’s valuation allowance for 2007 is as follows:
                                 
    Tax Loss                    
    Carryforwards     Asset Tax     Goodwill     Total  
Balance at beginning of year
  Ps. (1,467,715 )   Ps. (1,153,376 )   Ps. (807,453 )   Ps. (3,428,544 )
Increases
          (323,661 )     (138,234 )     (461,895 )
Decreases
    58,253                   58,253  
 
                       
Balance at end of year
  Ps. (1,409,462 )   Ps. (1,477,037 )   Ps. (945,687 )   Ps. (3,832,186 )
 
                       

 

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The change in the deferred income tax liability for the year ended December 31, 2007, representing a charge of Ps.271,907 was recorded against the following accounts:
         
Charge to the gain from monetary position(1)
  Ps. 79,582  
Credit to the stockholder’s equity
    (890 )
Charge to the result from holding non-monetary assets
    7,523  
Credit to the provision for deferred income tax
    (358,122 )
 
     
 
  Ps. (271,907 )
 
     
 
     
(1)  
Net of Ps.135,548, representing the effect on restatement of the non-monetary items included in the deferred tax calculation.
On October 1, 2007, the Mexican government enacted the new Flat Rate Business Tax (“Impuesto Empresarial a Tasa Única” or “IETU”). This law became effective as of January 1, 2008. The law introduces a flat tax, which replaces Mexico’s asset tax and is applied along with Mexico’s regular income tax. In general, Mexican companies are subject to paying the greater of the IETU or the income tax. The flat tax is calculated by applying a tax rate of 16.5% in 2008, 17% in 2009, and 17.5% in 2010 and the following years. Although the IETU is defined as a minimum tax it has a wider taxable base as many of the tax deductions allowed for income tax purposes are not allowed for the IETU. As of December 31, 2007, this tax law change did not have an effect on the Group’s deferred tax position, and the Group does not expect to have to pay the new tax in the near future.
20. Earnings per CPO/Share
During the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007, the weighted average of outstanding total shares, CPOs and Series “A”, Series “B”, Series “D” and Series “L” Shares (not in the form of CPO units), was as follows (in thousands):
                         
    2005     2006     2007  
Total Shares
    341,158,189       339,776,222       333,652,535  
CPOs
    2,463,608       2,451,792       2,399,453  
Shares not in the form of CPO units:
                       
Series “A” Shares
    52,915,759       52,915,849       52,915,849  
Series “B” Shares
    108       187       187  
Series “D” Shares
    113       239       239  
Series “L” Shares
    113       239       239  
Earnings (loss) per CPO and per each Series “A”, Series “B”, Series “D” and Series “L” Share (not in the form of a CPO unit) for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007, are presented as follows:
                                                             
    2005     2006     2007  
            Per Each             Per Each             Per Each  
            Series “A”, “B”,             Series “A”, “B”,             Series “A”, “B”,  
    Per     “D” and “L”     Per     “D” and “L”     Per     “D” and “L”  
    CPO     Share     CPO     Share     CPO     Share  
Continuing operations
  Ps. 2.46       Ps. 0.02       Ps. 3.07       Ps. 0.03       Ps. 2.84       Ps. 0.02    
Cumulative loss of accounting change
    (0.19 )                                          
 
                                               
Majority interest net income
  Ps. 2.27       Ps. 0.02       Ps. 3.07       Ps. 0.03       Ps. 2.84       Ps. 0.02    
 
                                               
21. Foreign Currency Position
The foreign currency position of monetary items of the Group at December 31, 2007, was as follows:
                         
    Foreign              
    Currency     Year-End     Mexican  
    Amounts     Exchange Rate     Pesos  
    (Thousands)    
Assets:
                       
U.S. dollars
    2,110,165     Ps. 10.9222     Ps. 23,047,644  
Euros
    93,731       15.9339       1,493,499  
Argentinean pesos
    73,230       3.4684       253,990  
Chilean pesos
    8,849,926       0.0219       193,813  
Colombian pesos
    18,060,219       0.0054       97,525  
Other currencies
                    127,209  
Liabilities:
                       
U.S. dollars
    1,758,217     Ps. 10.9222     Ps. 19,203,597  
Euros
    8,367       15.9339       133,321  
Argentinean pesos
    54,438       3.4684       188,814  
Chilean pesos
    11,711,578       0.0219       256,484  
Colombian pesos
    22,999,781       0.0054       124,199  
Other currencies
                    47,210  

 

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The foreign currency position of non-monetary items of the Group as of December 31, 2007, was as follows:
                         
    Foreign              
    Currency     Year-End     Mexican  
    Amounts     Exchange Rate     Pesos(1)  
    (Thousands)    
Property, plant and equipment:
                       
U.S. dollars
    346,300     Ps. 10.9222     Ps. 3,782,358  
Japanese yen
    3,232,850       0.0977       315,849  
Euros
    16,726       15.9339       266,510  
Other currencies
                    387,212  
Transmission rights and programming:
                       
U.S. dollars
    481,416     Ps. 10.9222     Ps. 5,258,122  
 
     
(1)  
Amounts translated at the year-end exchange rates for reference purposes only; does not indicate the actual amounts accounted for in the financial statements.
Transactions incurred during 2007 in foreign currencies were as follows:
                                 
            U.S. Dollar              
            Equivalent of other              
            Foreign Currency     Total     Mexican  
    U.S. Dollar     Transactions     U.S. Dollar     Pesos(1)  
    (Thousands)     (Thousands)     (Thousands)          
Income:
                               
Revenues
  $ 488,760     $ 81,529     $ 570,289     Ps. 6,228,811  
Other income
    15,632       47,473       63,105       689,245  
Interest income
    84,380       4,655       89,035       972,458  
 
                       
 
  $ 588,772     $ 133,657     $ 722,429     Ps. 7,890,514  
 
                       
Purchases, costs and expenses:
                               
Purchases of inventories
  $ 178,048     $ 13,695     $ 191,743     Ps. 2,094,255  
Purchases of property and equipment
    76,348       18,063       94,411       1,031,176  
Investments
    409,466       96,168       505,634       5,522,636  
Costs and expenses
    453,656       67,806       521,462       5,695,512  
Interest expense
    88,689       286       88,975       971,803  
 
                       
 
  $ 1,206,207     $ 196,018     $ 1,402,225     Ps. 15,315,382  
 
                       
 
     
(1)  
Income statement amounts translated at the year-end exchange rate of Ps.10.9222 for reference purposes only; does not indicate the actual amounts accounted for in the financial statements (see Note 1(c)).
As of December 31, 2007, the exchange rate was Ps.10.9222 per U.S. dollar, which represents the interbank free market exchange rate on that date as reported by Banco Nacional de México, S.A.
As of June 20, 2008, the exchange rate was Ps.10.2772 per U.S. dollar, which represents the interbank free market exchange rate on that date as reported by Banco Nacional de México, S.A.

 

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22. Segment Information
Reportable segments are those that are based on the Group’s method of internal reporting.
The Group is organized on the basis of services and products. The Group’s segments are strategic business units that offer different entertainment services and products. The Group’s reportable segments are as follows:
Television Broadcasting
The television broadcasting segment includes the production of television programming and nationwide broadcasting of Channels 2, 4, 5 and 9 (“television networks”), and the production of television programming and broadcasting for local television stations in Mexico and the United States. The broadcasting of television networks is performed by television repeater stations in Mexico which are wholly-owned, majority-owned or minority-owned by the Group or otherwise affiliated with the Group’s networks. Revenues are derived primarily from the sale of advertising time on the Group’s television network and local television station broadcasts.
Pay Television Networks
The pay television networks segment includes programming services for cable and pay-per-view television companies in Mexico, other countries in Latin America, the United States and Europe. The programming services consist of both programming produced by the Group and programming produced by others. Pay television network revenues are derived from domestic and international programming services provided to independent cable television systems in Mexico and the Group’s DTH satellite and cable television businesses, and from the sale of advertising time on programs provided to pay television companies in Mexico.
Programming Exports
The Programming Exports segment consists of the international licensing of television programming. Programming exports revenues are derived from international program licensing fees.
Publishing
The Publishing segment primarily consists of publishing Spanish-language magazines in Mexico, the United States and Latin America. Publishing revenues include subscriptions, sales of advertising space and magazine sales to distributors.
Publishing Distribution
The Publishing Distribution segment consists of distribution of Spanish-language magazines, owned by either the Group or independent publishers, and other consumer products in Mexico and Latin America. Publishing distribution revenues are derived from magazine and other consumer products sales to retailers.
Sky
The Sky segment includes direct-to-home (“DTH”) broadcast satellite pay television services in Mexico. Sky revenues are primarily derived from program services, installation fees and equipment rental to subscribers, and national advertising sales.
Cable and Telecom
The Cable and Telecom segment includes the operation of a cable television system in the Mexico City metropolitan area, and beginning in December 2007, the operation of telecommunications facilities through a fiber-optic network that covers the most important cities and economic regions of Mexico and crosses directly into the United States in the cities of San Antonio, Texas and San Diego, California. The cable business derives revenues from cable subscribers, principally from basic and premium television services subscription, pay-per-view fees, installation fees, internet services subscription and telephone services subscription (beginning in the third quarter of 2007), as well as from local and national advertising sales. The telecommunications business derives revenues from providing data and long-distance services solutions to carriers and other telecommunications service providers through its fiber-optic network.

 

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Other Businesses
The Other Businesses segment includes the Group’s domestic operations in sports and show business promotion, soccer, feature film production and distribution, Internet, gaming (beginning in the second quarter of 2006), and radio (beginning in the first quarter of 2007). The Group’s Radio business was presented as a separate reportable segment in 2005 and 2006, and was classified into the Other Businesses segment since its operations are no longer significant to the Group’s consolidated financial statements taken as a whole.
The table below presents information by segment and a reconciliation to consolidated total for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007.
                                 
            Intersegment     Consolidated     Segment  
    Total Revenues     Revenues     Revenues     Profit (Loss)  
2005:
                               
Television Broadcasting
  Ps. 20,049,877     Ps. 592,102     Ps. 19,457,775     Ps. 9,557,689  
Pay Television Networks
    1,199,676       316,382       883,294       559,336  
Programming Exports
    2,025,325             2,025,325       721,939  
Publishing
    2,705,051       41,642       2,663,409       518,302  
Publishing Distribution
    434,226       11,038       423,188       7,127  
Sky
    6,463,328       34,490       6,428,838       2,717,250  
Cable and Telecom
    1,517,058       3,114       1,513,944       528,551  
Other Businesses
    1,801,866       129,626       1,672,240       (138,379 )
 
                       
Segment totals
    36,196,407       1,128,394       35,068,013       14,471,815  
Reconciliation to consolidated amounts:
                               
Eliminations and corporate expenses
    (1,128,394 )     (1,128,394 )           (197,004 )
Depreciation and amortization expense
                      (2,611,629 )
 
                       
Consolidated total
  Ps. 35,068,013     Ps.     Ps. 35,068,013     Ps. 11,663,182 (1)
 
                       
2006:
                               
Television Broadcasting
  Ps. 21,760,426     Ps. 579,576     Ps. 21,180,850     Ps. 10,996,343  
Pay Television Networks
    1,379,003       289,526       1,089,477       707,897  
Programming Exports
    2,190,272             2,190,272       901,965  
Publishing
    2,993,912       19,711       2,974,201       576,677  
Publishing Distribution
    449,830       11,881       437,949       18,676  
Sky
    7,732,878       93,825       7,639,053       3,689,128  
Cable and Telecom
    2,059,350       5,040       2,054,310       847,527  
Other Businesses
    1,922,296       130,709       1,791,587       (224,898 )
 
                       
Segment totals
    40,487,967       1,130,268       39,357,699       17,513,315  
Reconciliation to consolidated amounts:
                               
Eliminations and corporate expenses
    (1,130,268 )     (1,130,268 )           (467,828 )
Depreciation and amortization expense
                      (2,779,772 )
 
                       
Consolidated total
  Ps. 39,357,699     Ps.     Ps. 39,357,699     Ps. 14,265,715 (1)
 
                       
2007:
                               
Television Broadcasting
  Ps. 21,213,175     Ps. 456,133     Ps. 20,757,042     Ps. 10,518,063  
Pay Television Networks
    1,851,969       487,718       1,364,251       1,150,226  
Programming Exports
    2,262,137       620       2,261,517       1,032,022  
Publishing
    3,311,867       16,918       3,294,949       624,360  
Publishing Distribution
    479,223       13,104       466,119       28,540  
Sky
    8,402,151       80,124       8,322,027       4,037,860  
Cable and Telecom
    2,611,613       3,063       2,608,550       947,178  
Other Businesses
    2,560,444       73,373       2,487,071       (265,939 )
 
                       
Segment totals
    42,692,579       1,131,053       41,561,526       18,072,310  
Reconciliation to consolidated amounts:
                               
Eliminations and corporate expenses
    (1,131,053 )     (1,131,053 )           (368,344 )
Depreciation and amortization expense
                      (3,223,070 )
 
                       
Consolidated total
  Ps. 41,561,526     Ps.     Ps. 41,561,526     Ps. 14,480,896 (1)
 
                       
 
     
(1)  
Consolidated totals represent consolidated operating income.

 

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Accounting Policies
The accounting policies of the segments are the same as those described in the Group’s summary of significant accounting policies (see Note 1). The Group evaluates the performance of its segments and allocates resources to them based on operating income before depreciation and amortization.
Intersegment Revenue
Intersegment revenue consists of revenues derived from each of the segments principal activities as provided to other segments.
The Group accounts for intersegment revenues as if the revenues were from third parties, that is, at current market prices.
Allocation of General and Administrative Expenses
Non-allocated corporate expenses include payroll for certain executives, related employee benefits and other general expenses.
The table below presents segment information about assets, liabilities, and additions to property, plant and equipment as of and for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007.
                         
                    Additions to  
    Segment     Segment     Property,  
    Assets     Liabilities     Plant and  
    at Year-End     at Year-End     Equipment  
2005:
                       
Continuing operations:
                       
Television operations(1)
  Ps. 50,112,094     Ps. 24,107,651     Ps. 944,879  
Publishing
    2,228,025       374,842       11,419  
Publishing Distribution
    988,561       459,139       6,251  
Sky
    4,916,283       6,452,931       1,281,951  
Cable and Telecom
    2,519,036       506,766       600,991  
Other Businesses
    4,432,975       557,889       110,681  
 
                 
Total
  Ps. 65,196,974     Ps. 32,459,218     Ps. 2,956,172  
 
                 
2006:
                       
Continuing operations:
                       
Television operations(1)
  Ps. 60,019,459     Ps. 24,294,817     Ps. 1,150,077  
Publishing
    2,185,263       365,010       36,507  
Publishing Distribution
    1,002,951       473,718       16,564  
Sky
    6,445,978       5,619,942       1,038,535  
Cable and Telecom
    3,050,590       763,844       860,518  
Other Businesses
    5,254,961       963,293       326,331  
 
                 
Total
  Ps. 77,959,202     Ps. 32,480,624     Ps. 3,428,532  
 
                 
2007:
                       
Continuing operations:
                       
Television operations(1)
  Ps. 60,211,587     Ps. 26,298,566     Ps. 1,149,261  
Publishing
    3,012,529       673,078       156,341  
Publishing Distribution
    1,183,543       605,032       65,568  
Sky
    8,893,874       6,178,789       1,338,938  
Cable and Telecom
    7,806,023       4,706,581       851,379  
Other Businesses
    5,502,059       832,827       353,952  
 
                 
Total
  Ps. 86,609,615     Ps. 39,294,873     Ps. 3,915,439  
 
                 
 
     
(1)  
Segment assets and liabilities information is not maintained by the Group for each of the Television Broadcasting, Pay Television Networks and Programming Exports segments. In management’s opinion, there is no reasonable or practical basis to make allocations due to the interdependence of these segments. Consequently, management has presented such information on a combined basis as television operations.

 

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Segment assets reconcile to total assets as follows:
                 
    2006     2007  
Segment assets
  Ps. 77,959,202     Ps. 86,609,615  
Investments attributable to:
               
Television operations(1)
    1,737,448       3,781,767  
Cable and Telecom
    2,992,310       3,583,173  
Other segments
    1,252,119       772,648  
Goodwill net attributable to:
               
Television operations
    1,403,488       909,792  
Publishing
    24,579       690,144  
Cable and Telecom
          1,780,024  
Other Businesses
    817,006       576,313  
 
           
Total assets
  Ps. 86,186,152     Ps. 98,703,476  
 
           
 
     
(1)  
Includes goodwill attributable to equity investments of Ps.41,105 and Ps.22,004 in 2006 and 2007, respectively.
Equity method income (loss) for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007 attributable to television operations, equity investments approximated Ps.193,499, Ps.(630,086) and Ps.(768,457), respectively.
Segment liabilities reconcile to total liabilities as follows:
                 
    2006     2007  
Segment liabilities
  Ps. 32,480,624     Ps. 39,294,873  
Notes payable and long-term debt not attributable to segments
    15,690,651       18,758,303  
 
           
Total liabilities
  Ps. 48,171,275     Ps. 58,053,176  
 
           
Geographical segment information:
                         
                    Additions to  
    Total     Segment Assets     Property, Plant  
    Net Sales     at Year-End     and Equipment  
2005:
                       
Mexico
  Ps. 31,004,846     Ps. 58,287,493     Ps. 2,924,115  
Other countries
    4,063,167       6,909,481       32,057  
 
                 
 
  Ps. 35,068,013     Ps. 65,196,974     Ps. 2,956,172  
 
                 
2006:
                       
Mexico
  Ps. 34,793,376     Ps. 72,199,969     Ps. 3,391,671  
Other countries
    4,564,323       5,759,233       36,861  
 
                 
 
  Ps. 39,357,699     Ps. 77,959,202     Ps. 3,428,532  
 
                 
2007:
                       
Mexico
  Ps. 36,532,710     Ps. 71,194,036     Ps. 3,779,583  
Other countries
    5,028,816       15,415,579       135,856  
 
                 
 
  Ps. 41,561,526     Ps. 86,609,615     Ps. 3,915,439  
 
                 
Net sales are attributed to geographical segment based on the location of customers.
23. Differences between Mexican FRS and U.S. GAAP
The Group’s consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with Mexican FRS (see Note 1 (a)), which differs in certain significant respects from accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”). The principal differences between Mexican FRS and U.S. GAAP as they relate to the Group, are presented below, together with explanations of the adjustments that affect net income and stockholders’ equity as of December 31, 2006 and 2007, and for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007.

 

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Reconciliation of Net Income
                         
    2005     2006     2007  
Majority interest net income as reported under Mexican FRS
  Ps. 6,613,414     Ps. 8,908,943     Ps. 8,082,463  
 
                 
U.S. GAAP adjustments:
                       
(a) Capitalization of financing costs, net of depreciation
    10,139       68,758       92,713  
(b) Deferred costs, net of amortization
    (4,032 )     19,149       97,672  
(c) Deferred debt refinancing costs, net of amortization
    (604,648 )     31,396       31,420  
(d) Equipment inflation restatement, net of depreciation
    (518,917 )     (121,055 )     (43,042 )
(e) Purchase accounting adjustments:
                       
Amortization of network affiliation agreements
    (7,159 )     (7,159 )     (7,159 )
Depreciation of fixed assets
    (12,118 )     (12,118 )     (12,118 )
Amortization of other assets
    (5,034 )     (5,003 )     (5,006 )
Amortization of subscribers list
          (104,179 )     (156,268 )
Impairment of goodwill
                493,693  
(g) Equity method investees:
                       
Sky Multi-Country Partners (“SMCP”)
    1,408,545              
Cablemás
                (25,057 )
(h) Univision investment:
                       
Sale of investment
                (298,336 )
Hedge accounting
          559,845        
(i) Derivative financial instruments(1)
    (265,395 )     (1,397,789 )      
(j) Pension plan and seniority premiums
    36,217              
(k) Employee stock-based compensation
    47,156              
(l) Production and film costs
    330,105       281,297       23,895  
(m) Deferred income taxes and employees’ profit sharing:
                       
Deferred income taxes(1)
    268,883       77,260       (5,905 )
Deferred employees’ profit sharing(1)
    76,987       10,342       (33,252 )
(n) Maintenance reserve
    5,345       (2,744 )     (3,949 )
(o) Minority interest on U.S. GAAP adjustments
    (11,239 )     1,134       1,632  
 
                 
Total U.S. GAAP adjustments, net
    754,835       (600,866 )     150,933  
 
                 
Net income under U.S. GAAP
  Ps. 7,368,249     Ps. 8,308,077     Ps. 8,233,396  
 
                 
 
     
(1)  
Net of inflation effects
Reconciliation of Stockholders’ Equity
                 
    2006     2007  
Total stockholders’ equity under Mexican FRS
  Ps. 38,014,877     Ps. 40,650,300  
 
           
U.S. GAAP adjustments:
               
(a) Capitalization of financing costs, net of accumulated depreciation
    (848,806 )     (756,093 )
(b) Deferred costs, net of amortization
    (113,490 )     (15,818 )
(c) Deferred debt refinancing costs, net of amortization
    (573,252 )     (541,832 )
(d) Equipment inflation restatement, net of depreciation
    268,413        
(e) Purchase accounting adjustments:
               
Broadcast license and network affiliation agreements
    131,248       124,089  
Fixed assets
    54,525       42,407  
Other assets
    47,533       45,463  
Goodwill on acquisition of Bay City
    (1,104,843 )     (611,150 )
Goodwill on acquisition of minority interest in Editorial Televisa
    1,358,428       1,358,428  
Subscribers list
    520,894       364,626  
Goodwill on acquisition of minority interest in Sky
    86,236       86,236  
(f) Goodwill and other intangible assets:
               
Reversal of Mexican FRS goodwill amortization
    140,380       140,380  
Reversal of Mexican FRS amortization of intangible assets with indefinite lives
    109,988       109,988  
(g) Equity method investees:
               
OCEN
    (2,446 )     (2,446 )
Cablemás
          (25,057 )
(j) Pension plan and seniority premiums
    640,321       395,842  
(l) Production and film costs
    (1,538,667 )     (1,514,772 )
(m) Deferred income taxes and employees’ profit sharing:
               
Deferred income taxes
    388,994       514,647  
Deferred employees’ profit sharing
    (115,027 )     (148,279 )
(n) Maintenance reserve
    22,011       18,062  
(o) Minority interest
    (1,688,208 )     (3,655,162 )
 
           
Total U.S. GAAP adjustments, net
    (2,215,768 )     (4,070,441 )
 
           
Total stockholders’ equity under U.S. GAAP
  Ps. 35,799,109     Ps. 36,579,859  
 
           

 

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A summary of the Group’s statement of changes in stockholders’ equity with balances determined under U.S. GAAP is as follows:
                 
Changes in U.S. GAAP stockholders’ equity   2006     2007  
Balance at January 1,
  Ps. 30,589,544     Ps. 35,799,109  
Net income for the year
    8,308,077       8,233,396  
Repurchase of capital stock
    (3,224,515 )     (3,948,331 )
Dividends
    (1,161,839 )     (4,506,492 )
Sale of capital stock under stock-based compensation plan
    587,263       99,771  
Stock based compensation
    243,882       140,517  
Benefit from capital contribution of minority interest in Sky
    385,596        
Other comprehensive income:
               
Changes in other comprehensive income of equity investees
    598,035       5,382  
Net unrealized loss on available-for-sale financial asset, net of tax
    (1,466,475 )     565,862  
Result from holding non-monetary assets, net of tax
    (72,322 )     (138,776 )
Foreign currency translation adjustment
    595,350       505,446  
Pension and post retirement adjustment
    416,513       (176,025 )
 
           
Balance at December 31,
  Ps. 35,799,109     Ps. 36,579,859  
 
           
The reconciliation to U.S. GAAP includes a reconciling item for the effect of applying the option provided by the Mexican FRS Bulletin B-10, “Recognition of the Effects of Inflation on Financial Information,” for the restatement of equipment of non-Mexican origin because, as described below, this provision of inflation accounting under Mexican FRS does not meet the consistent reporting currency requirement of Regulation S-X of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).
The reconciliation to U.S. GAAP does not include the reversal of the other adjustments to the financial statements for the effects of inflation required under Mexican FRS Bulletin B-10, because the application of Bulletin B-10 represents a comprehensive measure of the effects of price level changes in the inflationary Mexican economy and, as such, is considered a more meaningful presentation than historical, cost-based financial reporting for both Mexican and U.S. accounting purposes.
Mexican FRS Bulletin B-15, “Foreign Currency Transactions and Translation of Financial Statements of Foreign Operations,” requires restating the financial statements for all periods prior to the most recent period by using a weighted-average factor which considers the inflation in Mexico and the other countries in which the Group and its subsidiaries operate and the currency exchange rate for the currency of each country as of the date of the most recent balance sheet. The consistent reporting currency requirements of the SEC rules require restatement of prior periods for general price level changes only, utilizing the NCPI, and supplemental condensed financial statements utilizing the NCPI are required for U.S. GAAP purposes. The Group utilized the NCPI to restate its financial statements for prior years because the use of the weighted-average factor prescribed by B-15 would not have produced a materially different result.
(a) Capitalization of Financing Costs, Net of Accumulated Depreciation
Prior to 2007, Mexican FRS allowed, but did not require, capitalization of financing costs as part of the cost of assets under construction. Financing costs capitalized include interest costs, gains from monetary position and foreign exchange losses. As from January 1, 2007, the Group applies NIF D-6, “Capitalization of financing costs,” which is similar to the provisions set forth under U:S GAAP.
U.S. GAAP requires the capitalization of interest during construction on qualifying assets. In an inflationary economy, such as Mexico, acceptable practice is to capitalize interest net of the monetary gain on the related Mexican Peso debt, but not on U.S. dollar or other stable currency debt. In neither instance does U.S. GAAP allow the capitalization of foreign exchange losses. No amounts were subject to capitalization under either U.S. GAAP or Mexican FRS for any of the periods presented. Rather, the U.S. GAAP net income adjustments reflect the difference in depreciation expense related to amounts capitalized prior to 2003. There have been no significant projects subject to capitalization since then.

 

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(b) Deferred Costs, Net of Amortization
Under Mexican FRS, certain development costs (including those related to web site development) and other deferred costs are capitalized and subsequently amortized on a straight-line basis once the related venture commences operations, defined as the period when revenues are generated. In addition, other expenditures which are expected to generate significant and identifiable future benefit are also capitalized and amortized over the expected future benefit period.
Under U.S. GAAP, development and other deferred costs are generally expensed as incurred given that the assessment of future economic benefit is uncertain. In the case of web site development costs, certain costs are capitalized and others expensed in accordance with EITF Issue No. 00-2, “Accounting for Web Site Development Costs.” Consequently, the U.S. GAAP net income reconciliation reflects the write-off, for U.S. GAAP purposes, of the preoperating and other deferred costs (including certain web site development costs) capitalized under Mexican FRS, net of the reversal of any amortization which is reflected under Mexican FRS.
(c) Deferred Debt Refinancing Costs, Net of Amortization
As described in Note 8, in March and May 2005, the Group issued Senior Notes due 2025 to fund the Group’s tender offers made for any or all of the Senior Notes due 2011 and the Mexican peso equivalent of UDI-denominated Notes due 2007. In conjunction therewith, under Mexican FRS, premiums paid to the old creditors were capitalized and are being amortized as an adjustment of interest expense over the remaining term of the new debt instrument.
For U.S. GAAP purposes, premiums paid by the debtor to the old creditors are to be associated with the extinguishment of the old debt instrument and included in determining the debt extinguishment gain or loss to be recognized. The adjustment to U.S. GAAP net income during 2005 reflects the reversal of the amounts capitalized under Mexican FRS, net of the related amortization while the 2006 and 2007 adjustments reflects the reversal of amortization expense recorded under Mexican FRS in such periods.
(d) Equipment Inflation Restatement, Net of Depreciation
The Group restates equipment of non-Mexican origin using the Specific Index for determining the price-level accounting restated balances under Mexican FRS.
Under Regulation S-X of the SEC, for U.S. GAAP purposes, the restatement of equipment of non-Mexican origin by the Specific Index method is a deviation from the historical cost concept. The U.S. GAAP net income and stockholders’ equity reconciliations reflect adjustments to reverse the Specific Index restatement recognized under Mexican FRS and to restate equipment of non-Mexican origin by the change in the NCPI and recalculate the depreciation expense on this basis. In addition, the result from holding non-monetary assets adjustment recognized in stockholders’ equity under Mexican FRS related to fixed assets totaling Ps.6,963 and (Ps.225,371) for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2007, respectively, has been reversed for U.S. GAAP purposes.
In addition, the 2005 U.S. GAAP net income adjustment includes a catch-up adjustment of Ps.397,165, of depreciation expense of non-Mexican origin equipment, related to prior years. Individually, the amount related to each prior period was not significant.
(e) Purchase Accounting Adjustments
In 1996, the Group acquired Bay City Television, Inc. (“Bay City”) and Radiotelevisión, S.A. de C.V. and under Mexican FRS, recognizing the difference between the purchase price and net book value as goodwill. For U.S. GAAP purposes, the purchase price was allocated, based on fair values, primarily to the broadcast license, network affiliation agreements, programming and advertising contracts, fixed assets and other assets. Such purchase price adjustments were being amortized over the remaining estimated useful lives of the respective assets. Upon the adoption of SFAS No. 142 on January 1, 2002, the Group ceased amortizing the broadcast license, as it was considered to have an indefinite life, as well as the amount allocated to goodwill. The U.S. GAAP net income adjustment for each of the periods presented herein represents the amortization of the various definite lived intangibles mentioned above for U.S. GAAP purposes. In addition, in 2007 and for Mexican FRS purposes, the Group recorded an impairment of goodwill for an amount of Ps. 493,693 (which had a net balance after impairment of Ps.611,150). Therefore, the 2007 U.S. GAAP net income and stockholders’ equity reconciliation reflects the reversal of such impairment, since for U.S. GAAP purposes, the carrying value of goodwill was lower than Mexican FRS (due to the previous purchase price allocation to intangible assets and fixed assets).

 

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In 2000, the Group acquired all of the interest owned by a minority shareholder in Editorial Televisa by issuing treasury shares of capital stock. Under Mexican FRS, this acquisition was accounted for as a purchase, with the purchase price equal to the carrying value of the Group’s treasury shares at the acquisition date, with a related goodwill of Ps.87,771 being recognized. Under U.S. GAAP, this acquisition was also accounted for by the purchase method, with the purchase price being equal to the fair value of the shares issued by the Group. The purchase price adjustment under U.S. GAAP was allocated to goodwill. There is no net income adjustment as goodwill is no longer amortized for either Mexican FRS and U.S. GAAP purposes. The U.S. GAAP stockholders’ equity adjustment for each of the periods presented reflects (i) the difference in the goodwill carrying value under U.S. GAAP versus Mexican FRS; (ii) net of the difference in amortization of goodwill since under Mexican FRS, amortization continued through December 31, 2003 versus January 1, 2002 for U.S. GAAP purposes.
In April 2006, the Group exercised its right to acquire two-thirds of the equity interest in Sky that DIRECTV acquired from Liberty Media. This minority interest acquisition amounted to approximately U.S.$58.7 million (Ps.699,891). After this transaction, the Group (i) increased its equity stake in Sky from 52.7% to 58.7% (see Note 11); and (ii) under Mexican FRS, recognized the excess of the purchase price over the carrying value of this minority interest totaling Ps.711,311 within stockholders’ equity. Under U.S. GAAP, the acquisition of minority interest should be accounted for using the purchase method of accounting. The Group has recognized an intangible asset related to the subscribers list that should be amortized on a straight-line basis over its estimated subscriber period. For the difference between the purchase price, and the fair value of the net assets acquired, including identifiable intangible assets, the Group has recorded goodwill in the amount of Ps.86,236. The 2006 and 2007 U.S. GAAP net income adjustment reflects only the amortization of the subscribers list recognized for U.S. GAAP purposes.
(f) Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
The carrying amount of goodwill by segment under U.S. GAAP as of December 31, 2006 and 2007, are as follows:
                 
    2006     2007  
Consolidated subsidiaries:
               
Television Broadcasting
  Ps. 337,094     Ps. 337,094  
Cable and Telecom(1)
          1,552,054  
Publishing
    1,389,538       2,055,103  
Other segments
    155,224       155,224  
Equity method investees
    865,422       852,696  
 
           
 
  Ps. 2,747,278     Ps. 4,952,171  
 
           
The U.S. GAAP net carrying value of intangible assets as of December 31, 2006 and 2007 amounted to:
                 
    2006     2007  
Trademarks(2)(3)
  Ps. 620,726     Ps. 824,263  
Television network concession(2)
    742,605       742,605  
TVI concession(4)
    147,108       262,925  
Telecom concession
          29,113  
Network affiliation agreements(2)
    119,913       119,913  
Licenses and software
    369,584       393,843  
Subscriber list
    885,189       705,027  
Deferred financing costs
    271,060       288,462  
Broadcast license
    11,335       4,176  
Leasehold improvements
    152,928       682,594  
Other
    80,557       108,522  
 
           
 
  Ps. 3,401,005     Ps. 4,161,443  
 
           
 
     
(1)  
In 2007, the Group acquired the majority of the assets of Bestel. As a result of such acquisition, the Group recorded goodwill of Ps.1,552,054.
 
(2)  
Indefinite-lived.
 
(3)  
Includes translation effect, impairment adjustments and acquisitions (see Note 7).
 
(4)  
Represents a cable television company with a license to operate in the city of Monterrey and surrounding areas. The license expires in 2026. The Group acquired a 50% interest in this venture.

 

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The aggregate amortization expense for intangible assets subject to amortization under U.S. GAAP, is estimated at Ps.429,528 for each of the next five fiscal years.
(g) Equity Method Investees
SMCP
The 2005 income statement adjustment represents the reversal of the cumulative carrying amount difference recorded through December 31, 2004 related to SMCP. This equity method investment was sold in 2005.
Cablemás
As described in Note 2, in November 2006, the Group invested U.S.$258 million (Ps.2,943,986) in convertible debentures of Alvafig, an entity created to hold a 49% equity interest in Cablemás. The Group has identified Alvafig as a variable interest entity, and the Group as the primary beneficiary of the investment in this entity. Hence, the assets of Alvafig, consisting of a 49% equity interest in Cablemás, as well as its liabilities and results of operations have been included in the consolidated financial statements of the Group.
For Mexican FRS purposes, Cablemás has recorded a reversal of a goodwill impairment loss previously recognized, as a result of changes in economic conditions affecting its investment. Under U.S. GAAP, reversal of goodwill impairment losses is not allowed. Therefore, the 2007 U.S. GAAP net income and stockholders’ equity adjustment reflects the reversal of the amount of impairment reversed for Mexican FRS purposes.
(h) Univision
Available-for-sale financial asset in 2006
As described in Note 2, beginning July 1, 2006, the Group’s investment in Univision, for both Mexican FRS and U.S. GAAP purposes, no longer qualified for accounting under the equity method since the Group’s ability to exercise significant influence over operating and financial policies of Univision no longer existed.
Therefore, under both Mexican FRS and U.S. GAAP, the Group reclassified its carrying value in Univision as a current available-for-sale equity security. Subsequently, the carrying value was adjusted to fair value, with unrealized gains and losses included in the Group’s consolidated stockholders’ equity within accumulated other comprehensive income (see Notes 2 and 14).
Reversal of Hedge Accounting for Investment in Univision in 2006
As mentioned above, through June 30, 2006, the investment in Univision was accounted for under the equity method. The Group managed the currency exposure related to the net assets of Univision through the U.S. dollar-denominated debt agreements, which the Group entered into (its U.S.$300 million Senior Notes due 2011 and its U.S.$300 million Senior Notes due 2032). The Group hedged the total beginning-period amount of the net investment up to the total amount of hedging U.S. dollar-denominated debt and measured the ineffectiveness of such hedge based upon the change in the spot foreign exchange rate. Gains and losses in the Group’s net investment in Univision, for both Mexican FRS and U.S. GAAP purposes, were offset by exchange losses and gains in the Group’s debt obligations, which were charged or credited to other comprehensive income or loss.
Beginning July 1, 2006, the Group classified its investment in shares of Univision common stock, for both Mexican FRS and U.S. GAAP purposes, as a current available-for-sale equity security and re-designated this financial asset under Mexican FRS as being hedged by the Group’s outstanding Senior Notes due 2011, 2025 and 2032, in the aggregate amount of approximately U.S.$971.9 million (see Note 2). Therefore, gains and losses in the Group’s net investment in Univision continued to be offset by exchange losses and gains in the Group’s debt obligations, which were charged or credited to other comprehensive income or loss under Mexican FRS.

 

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Under U.S. GAAP, a non-derivative financial instrument (in this case a U.S. dollar denominated debt) cannot be designated as a hedging instrument in a foreign currency cash flow hedge of an available-for-sale investment. Therefore, the 2006 U.S. GAAP net income reconciliation includes the reversal of the exchange gains and losses related to the Group’s debt obligations, which were charged or credited to other comprehensive income or loss under Mexican FRS from the date that equity method accounting was discontinued through December 31, 2006. There was no equity adjustment at December 31, 2006.
Sale of investment in 2007
On March 29, 2007, the Group sold its investment in Univision. Upon the sale, under Mexican FRS the entire balance previously recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income when the investment was accounted for under the equity method related to (i) the foreign exchange gains and losses, (ii) the Group’s share of amounts reported in other comprehensive income or loss in the financial statements of Univision, and (iii) the foreign exchange losses and gains in the Group’s debt obligations recorded as part of the hedge accounting described above, remained in stockholders’ equity rather than being reclassified into earnings.
For U.S. GAAP purposes, upon the sale of the investment, those amounts should be reclassified into the income statement. Therefore, the 2007 U.S. GAAP net income reconciliation includes the reclassification into earnings of those items recorded in other comprehensive income under Mexican FRS. There was no equity adjustment at December 31, 2007.
(i) Derivative Financial Instruments
As described in Note 2, the Group received warrants for 9,000,000 Class A Common Shares of Univision in 2001 in exchange for the relinquishing of certain governance rights related to its investment in Univision. Under Mexican FRS, the warrants have not been assigned a value since they are related to an equity investee and it is management’s intent not to dispose of such warrants, but rather to exercise such warrants prior to their expiration. Under U.S. GAAP SFAS 133, due to the cashless exercise feature of the warrants, the warrants are considered derivative financial instruments. In accordance with EITF Issue No. 00-8, “Accounting by a Grantee for an Equity Instrument to Be Received in Conjunction with providing Goods or Services”, they must be recorded at their fair value from the date of performance commitment. The change in the fair value of the warrants is reflected within the U.S. GAAP net income adjustment for 2005.
During 2006, as described in Note 2, the Group announced its intention to have its shares and warrants to acquire shares of Univision common stock cashed out in connection with the merger contemplated by a related agreement entered into by Univision and an acquiring investor group. As of December 31, 2006, the Group’s warrants to acquire shares of Univision’s common stock have zero fair value since the per share exercise price of the warrants exceed the U.S.$36.25 per share amount to be received under the merger agreement. As a result, U.S. GAAP stockholders’ equity reconciliation as of December 31, 2006 no longer includes a reconciling item for derivative instruments.
For the year ended December 31, 2006, the U.S. GAAP net income adjustment reflects the reversal of the carrying value of the warrants.
(j) Pension Plan and Seniority Premiums
For U.S. GAAP purposes, periodic pension plan costs and periodic seniority premiums costs have been determined in accordance with SFAS No. 87, “Employers’ Accounting for Pensions,” which became effective for the Group on January 1, 1989, whereas, for Mexican FRS purposes, the Group adopted Bulletin D-3, “Labor Obligations,” effective January 1, 1993. The differing implementation dates resulted in a difference in amortization periods between Mexican FRS and U.S. GAAP. In 2006, the Company revised the Mexican FRS remaining amortization periods and therefore there is no longer a U.S GAAP difference relating to periodic plan costs. The U.S. GAAP adjustment for 2005 is determined by separate actuarial computations for each year under both SFAS No. 87 and Bulletin D-3.
In September 2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 158, “Employers’ Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans — an amendment of SFAS Nos. 87, 88, 106, and 132(R)”. SFAS No. 158 requires, as of December 31, 2006, the Group to recognize the overfunded or underfunded status of a defined benefit postretirement plan, including pension plans, as an asset or liability in its balance sheet and to recognize changes in that funded status in the year in which the changes occur through other comprehensive income. The Group adopted the recognition provisions of SFAS No. 158 and has recognized the effects of adoption within its financial statements as of December 31, 2006.

 

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In addition, SFAS No. 158 requires, for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2008, that companies measure plan assets and benefit obligations as of the date of the employer’s fiscal year-end statement of financial position. The Group has early adopted this provision and has used December 31, 2006 as the measurement date for all of its plans.
The components of net periodic pension and seniority premium plan cost for the year ended December 31, calculated in accordance with SFAS No. 87, consist of the following:
                         
    2005     2006     2007  
Service cost
  Ps. 89,698     Ps. 96,435     Ps. 97,878  
Interest cost
    47,212       52,896       55,804  
Expected return on plan assets
    (60,251 )     (81,152 )     (168,141 )
Net amortization and deferral
    (16,001 )     8,421       (9,280 )
 
                 
Net cost under U.S. GAAP
    60,658       76,600       (23,739 )
Net cost under Mexican FRS
    96,875       76,600       (23,739 )
 
                 
Reduction of net cost that would be recognized under U.S. GAAP
  Ps. (36,217 )   Ps.     Ps.  
 
                 
Obligations and Funded Status at December 31
The pension and seniority premium plan liability, and the severance indemnities as of December 31, 2006 and 2007, under SFAS 158, is as follows:
                 
    2006     2007  
Projected benefit obligation
  Ps. 1,104,212     Ps. 1,134,108  
Plan assets
    (1,802,958 )     (1,628,730 )
 
           
Funded status
    (698,746 )     (494,622 )
 
           
Prepaid pension asset
    (698,746 )     (494,622 )
Severance indemnities — projected benefit obligation
    356,250       413,701  
 
           
Balance sheet asset
  Ps. (342,496 )   Ps. (80,921 )
 
           
Change in benefit obligation:
               
Projected benefit obligation at beginning of year
  Ps. 1,041,211     Ps. 1,104,212  
Service cost
    96,435       69,709  
Interest cost
    52,896       42,245  
Actuarial gain
    (67,788 )     (54,529 )
Benefits paid
    (18,542 )     (27,529 )
 
           
Projected benefit obligation at end of year
  Ps. 1,104,212     Ps. 1,134,108  
 
           
Change in plan assets:
               
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year
  Ps. 1,539,513     Ps. 1,802,958  
Actual return on plan assets
    304,855       (140,779 )
Benefits paid
    (41,410 )     (33,449 )
 
           
Fair value of plan assets at end of year
  Ps. 1,802,958     Ps. 1,628,730  
 
           
Plan Assets
The Company’s weighted average asset allocation by asset category as of December 31 was as follows:
                 
    2006     2007  
Equity securities
    72.5 %     68.8 %
Fixed rate instruments
    27.5 %     31.2 %
 
           
Total
    100.0 %     100.0 %
 
           
Included within plan assets at December 31, 2006 and 2007 are shares of the Group held by the trust with a fair value of Ps.1,306,790 and Ps.1,121,446, respectively.
The plan assets are invested according to specific investment guidelines determined by the technical committees of the pension plan and seniority premiums trusts. These investment guidelines required, at the onset of the plan, an initial investment of a minimum of 30% of the plan assets in fixed rate instruments, or mutual funds comprised of fixed rate instruments. The plan assets that are invested in mutual funds are all rated “AA” or better by at least one of the main rating agencies. These mutual funds vary in liquidity characteristics ranging from one day to one month. The investment goals of the plan assets are to preserve principal, diversify the portfolio, maintain a high degree of liquidity and credit quality, and deliver competitive returns subject to prevailing market conditions. Currently, the plan assets do not engage in the use of financial derivative instruments.

 

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The Group has substantially funded its projected benefit obligation as of December 31, 2007, accordingly, the Group does not expect to make significant contributions to its plan assets in 2008.
The table below shows the effects within the statement of financial position of adopting SFAS No. 158 at December 31, 2006.
                         
    Before             After  
    Application             Application  
    of SFAS No. 158     Adjustments     of SFAS No. 158  
Consolidated Balance Sheet Data
                       
Prepaid pension plans and seniority premiums
  Ps.     Ps. 342,496     Ps. 342,496  
Other assets
    91,463,087             91,463,087  
 
                 
Total assets
  Ps. 91,463,087     Ps. 342,496     Ps. 91,805,583  
 
                 
Deferred income taxes
  Ps. 5,632,095     Ps. 161,978     Ps. 5,794,073  
Pension plans and seniority premiums
    235,995       (235,995 )      
Other liabilities
    48,524,193             48,524,193  
 
                 
Total liabilities
    54,392,283       (74,017 )     54,318,266  
Minority interest
    1,688,208             1,688,208  
Total stockholders’ equity
    35,382,596       416,513       35,799,109  
 
                 
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
  Ps. 91,463,087     Ps. 342,496     Ps. 91,805,583  
 
                 
The following table summarizes the changes in accumulated other comprehensive income for the year ended December 31 related to pension and post-retirement plans (net of income tax):
                 
    2006     2007  
Accumulated other comprehensive income as of beginning of year (net of income tax)
  Ps.     Ps. 416,513  
Increase / (decrease) due to adoption of SFAS No. 158
    401,424        
Net gain/(loss)
          (72,646 )
Amortization of net (gain)/loss
          (22,561 )
Amortization of prior service cost
          7,790  
Inflation adjustment
    15,089        
 
           
Accumulated other comprehensive income as of end of year (net of income tax)
  Ps. 416,513     Ps. 329,096  
 
           
The amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income as of December 31, are as follows:
                 
    2006     2007  
Prior service costs, net of income tax
  Ps. (37,630 )   Ps. (29,840 )
Net actuarial gains, net of income tax
    454,143       358,936  
 
           
Accumulated other comprehensive income as of end of year (net of income tax)
  Ps. 416,513     Ps. 329,096  
 
           
(k) Employee Stock-based Compensation
Prior to January 1, 2005, under Mexican FRS, the Group recognized no compensation expense for its employee stock plans. In 2005, the Group adopted the guidelines of the International Financial Reporting Standard 2 (IFRS 2), “Share Based Payment,” which requires accruing in stockholders’ equity for share-based compensation expense as measured at fair value at the date of grant, and applies to those equity benefits granted to officers and employees.

 

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During 2005, the Group adopted SFAS No. 123(R), “Share Based Payment,” utilizing the modified retrospective application method for all periods presented. Prior to the early adoption of SFAS No. 123(R), for U.S. GAAP purposes, the Group applied Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25, “Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees”, and its related interpretations (“APB 25”) to account for stock-based compensation. In accordance with APB 25, the Company recognized compensation expense for its employee stock plans using the intrinsic-value method of accounting. Under the terms of the intrinsic-value method, compensation cost is the excess, if any, of the market price of the stock at the grant date, or other measurement date, over the amount an employee must pay to acquire the stock. Compensation cost is accrued over the vesting period and adjusted for subsequent changes in fair market value of the shares from the measurement date as these plans were classified as variable plans for APB 25 purposes.
As of December 31, 2005, the U.S. GAAP net income adjustment relates to the reversal of compensation expense recorded in 2006 for Mexican FRS purposes upon the adoption of IFRS 2, that was previously expensed under SFAS No. 123(R) as part of the modified retrospective application method. This is partially offset by additional compensation expense of those awards granted between January 1, 1995, and November 7, 2002, and unvested at the date of the adoption of SFAS No. 123(R), which were out-of-scope under IFRS 2, but were considered for purposes of applying SFAS No. 123(R). As of December 31, 2005, these awards were fully vested. Therefore, there is no U.S. GAAP net income adjustment recorded in 2006 and 2007 for employee stock-based compensation.
See Note 12 for details regarding outstanding stock awards, as well as the assumptions used in calculating the fair value of these awards.
The compensation expense recorded for these plans for U.S. GAAP purposes for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007 amounted to Ps.302,145, Ps.243,882, and Ps.140,517, respectively.
At December 31, 2007, there was Ps.227,016 of unrecognized compensation expense related to these plans, which is expected to be recognized over a period of 5 years.
The weighted average remaining contractual term of options outstanding is approximately 4 years, as of December 31, 2007.
(l) Production and Film Costs
Under Mexican FRS, the Group capitalizes production costs related to programs, which benefit more than one period, and amortizes them proportionately over the projected program revenues that are based on the Group’s historic revenue patterns for similar types of production. For Mexican FRS purposes, royalty agreements that are not individual film-specific are considered in projecting program revenues to capitalize related production costs.
Under U.S. GAAP, the Group follows the provisions of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants Statement of Position 00-2, “Accounting by Producers or Distributors of Films” (“SoP 00-2”). Pursuant to SoP 00-2, production costs related to programs are also capitalized and amortized over the period in which revenues are expected to be generated (ultimate revenues). In evaluating ultimate revenues, the Group uses projected program revenue on a program-by-program basis, taking into consideration secondary market revenue only for those programs where a firm commitment or licensing arrangement exists related to specific individual programs. For U.S. GAAP purposes, royalty agreements that are not individual film-specific are not considered in the ultimate revenues. Exploitation costs are expensed as incurred. In addition, Mexican FRS allows the capitalization of artist exclusivity contracts and literary works subject to impairment assessments, whereas U.S. GAAP is generally more restrictive as to their initial capitalization and subsequent write-offs.
(m) Deferred Income Taxes and Employees’ Profit Sharing
Under Mexican FRS, the Group applies the provisions of Bulletin D-4, “Accounting for Income Tax, Assets Tax and Employees’ Profit Sharing”, which uses the comprehensive asset and liability method for the recognition of deferred income taxes for existing temporary differences.
Under U.S. GAAP, SFAS No. 109, “Accounting for Income Taxes,” requires recognition of deferred tax liabilities and assets for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements or tax returns. Under this method, deferred tax liabilities and assets are determined based on the difference between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse.

 

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The components of the net deferred tax liability applying SFAS No. 109 consist of the following:
                 
    December 31,     December 31,  
    2006     2007  
Net deferred income tax liability recorded under Mexican FRS on Mexican FRS balances (see Note 19)
  Ps. (1,544,741 )   Ps. (1,272,834 )
Reclassification of non-current taxes related to non-wholly owned subsidiaries (Sky)
    923,767       525,164  
 
           
Net deferred income tax amount under SFAS No. 109 applied to Mexican FRS balances
    (620,974 )     (747,670 )
 
           
Impact of U.S. GAAP adjustments:
               
Capitalization of financing costs
    237,666       211,706  
Deferred costs
    31,778       4,429  
Equipment inflation restatement
    (75,156 )      
Purchase accounting adjustments
    (65,328 )     (59,349 )
Pension plan and seniority premiums
    (179,290 )     (110,836 )
Production and film costs
    430,827       424,136  
Maintenance reserve
    (6,163 )     (5,057 )
Subscriber list
    (145,850 )     (102,095 )
Deferred debt refinancing costs, net of amortization
    160,510       151,713  
 
           
 
    388,994       514,647  
 
           
Net deferred income tax liability under U.S. GAAP
    (231,980 )     (233,023 )
Less:
               
Deferred income tax amount under SFAS No. 109 applied to Mexican FRS balances
    (620,974 )     (747,670 )
 
           
Net deferred income tax adjustment required under U.S. GAAP
  Ps. 388,994     Ps. 514,647  
 
           
For purposes of the U.S. GAAP, the change in the deferred income tax liability for the year ended December 31, 2007, representing a charge of Ps.1,043 was recorded against the following accounts:
         
Charge to the provision for deferred income tax
  Ps. (125,968 )
Credit to the result from holding non-monetary assets
    55,581  
Credit to the stockholders’ equity
    69,344  
 
     
 
  Ps. (1,043 )
 
     
The components of net deferred employees’ profit sharing (“EPS”) liability applying SFAS No. 109 consist of the following:
                 
    December 31,     December 31,  
    2006     2007  
Deferred EPS liability:
               
Current:
               
Inventories
  Ps. 2,124     Ps. 2,047  
Noncurrent:
               
Property, plant and equipment
    (117,522 )     (110,669 )
Deferred costs
    (59,444 )     (57,143 )
Pension plan and seniority premiums
    79,015       33,984  
Other
    (19,200 )     (16,498 )
 
           
Total deferred EPS liability
  Ps. (115,027 )   Ps. (148,279 )
 
           
The provisions for income tax and asset tax from continuing operations, on a U.S. GAAP basis, by jurisdiction as of December 31 are as follows:
                         
    2005     2006     2007  
Current:
                       
Mexican
  Ps. 1,124,134     Ps. 95,694     Ps. 3,111,895  
Foreign
    215,068       200,418       197,265  
 
                 
 
    1,339,202       296,112       3,309,160  
 
                 
Deferred:
                       
Mexican
    (786,430 )     1,820,616       124,799  
Foreign
    2,148       3,174       1,169  
 
                 
 
    (784,282 )     1,823,790       125,968  
 
                 
 
  Ps. 554,920     Ps. 2,119,902     Ps. 3,435,128  
 
                 

 

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Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Interpretation No. 48 “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes”, (FIN 48) was issued in July 2006 and interprets SFAS No. 109. FIN 48 became effective for the Company on January 1, 2007 and prescribes a comprehensive model for the recognition, measurement, financial statement presentation and disclosure of uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. FIN 48 provides guidance on derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure and transition. The Company classifies income tax-related interest and penalties as income taxes in the financial statements.
The adoption of this pronouncement had no effect on the Group’s overall financial position or results of operations.
The Group classifies income tax related interest and penalties as income taxes in the financial statements.
The following tax years remain open to examination and adjustment by the Group’s four major tax jurisdictions:
     
Mexico
  2003 and all following years
United States of America
  2004 and all following years for federal tax examinations, and 2003 and all following years for state tax examinations
Argentina
  2002 and all following years
Chile
  2003 and all following years
Effects of inflation accounting on U.S. GAAP adjustments
In order to determine the net effect on the consolidated financial statements of recognizing the U.S. GAAP specific adjustments described above, it is necessary to recognize the effects of applying the Mexican FRS inflation accounting provisions (described in Note 1) to such adjustments.
In addition, as disclosed in Notes 18 and 19, under Mexican FRS, the monetary gain or loss generated by the monetary deferred tax temporary differences are reflected within the integral cost of financing while those related to the non-monetary items are reflected within the deferred tax provision. For U.S. GAAP purposes, the Group has historically followed the provisions of EITF Issue No. 93-9 and reflected the entire monetary gain or loss within the provision for deferred taxes. Consequently for 2005 and 2006, the Ps.49,352 and Ps.6,967, respectively, of monetary gain reflected within integral result of financing under Mexican FRS has been reclassified to the deferred tax provision under U.S. GAAP.
(n) Maintenance Reserve
Under Mexican FRS, it is acceptable to accrue for certain expenses which management believes will be incurred in subsequent periods. Under U.S. GAAP, these costs are expensed as incurred.
(o) Minority Interest
This adjustment represents the allocation to the minority interest of non-wholly owned subsidiaries of certain U.S. GAAP adjustments related to such subsidiaries.
In addition, under Mexican FRS, the minority interest in consolidated subsidiaries is presented as a separate component within the stockholders’ equity section in the consolidated balance sheet. For U.S. GAAP purposes, the minority interest is not included in stockholders’ equity.
Additional disclosure requirements
Presentation in the Financial Statements — Operating Income
Under Mexican FRS, the Group recognizes various costs as non-operating expenses, which would be considered operating expenses under U.S. GAAP. Such costs include primarily certain financial advisory and professional fees, restructuring charges and employees’ profit sharing expense (see Note 17). The differences relate primarily to the Television Broadcasting and Publishing segments. Operating income of the Television Broadcasting segment would have been, Ps.8,876,350, Ps.12,484,311 and Ps.12,701,655 and operating income of the Publishing segment would have been Ps.466,086, Ps.447,372 and Ps.1,248,720 for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007, respectively.

 

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To provide a better understanding of the differences in accounting standards, the table below presents the Group’s condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007 under U.S. GAAP in a format consistent with the presentation of U.S. GAAP consolidated statements of operations, after reflecting the adjustments described in (a) to (o) above:
                         
    Year Ended December 31,  
    2005     2006     2007  
Net sales
  Ps. 35,068,013     Ps. 39,357,699     Ps. 41,561,526  
Cost of providing services (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)
    15,555,693       16,512,644       18,108,061  
Selling and administrative expenses
    5,460,455       5,752,728       5,826,861  
Depreciation and amortization
    3,246,033       3,024,800       3,304,581  
 
                 
Income from operations
    10,805,832       14,067,527       14,322,023  
Integral result of financing, net
    (2,846,969 )     (2,290,042 )     (250,909 )
Other income (expense), net
    972,989       (115,444 )     (693,939 )
 
                 
Income before income taxes, minority interest and equity in earnings or losses of affiliates
    8,931,852       11,662,041       13,377,175  
Income tax and assets tax — current and deferred
    (554,920 )     (2,119,902 )     (3,435,128 )
 
                 
Income before minority interest and equity in earnings or losses of affiliates
    8,376,932       9,542,139       9,942,047  
Minority interest
    (1,181,596 )     (609,219 )     (934,295 )
Equity in earnings (losses) of affiliates
    172,913       (624,843 )     (774,356 )
 
                 
Net income
  Ps. 7,368,249     Ps. 8,308,077     Ps. 8,233,396  
 
                 
Weighted average common shares outstanding (in millions)
    341,158       339,776       333,653  
 
                 
Presentation in the financial statements — Earnings per CPO and per share
As disclosed in Note 12, the Group has four classes of capital stock, Series “A”, Series “B”, Series “L” and Series “D”. Holders of the Series “D” shares, and therefore holders of the CPOs, are entitled to an annual, cumulative and preferred dividend of approximately nominal Ps.0.00034177575 per Series “D” share before any dividends are payable on the Series “A”, Series “B” or Series “L” shares. Series “A” and Series “B” shares, not in the form of a CPO, and CPOs all participate in income available to common shareholders. Due to this, for purposes of U.S. GAAP, the “two-class” method has been used to present both basic and diluted earnings per share.
Earnings per CPO and per share under U.S. GAAP are presented in constant pesos for the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007, as follows:
                                                 
    2005     2006     2007  
            Series “A”             Series “A”             Series “A”  
            and “B”             and “B”             and “B”  
    CPO     Shares     CPO     Shares     CPO     Shares  
Basic EPS
                                               
Income from continuing operations available to common shareholders
    6,000,075       1,101,231       6,760,300       1,246,779       6,865,699       1,305,558  
Net income available to common shareholders
    6,000,075       1,101,231       6,760,300       1,246,779       6,865,699       1,305,558  
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding
    2,463,608       52,915,867       2,451,792       52,916,036       2,399,453       52,916,036  
Basic earnings per share (continuing operations)
  Ps. 2.44     Ps. 0.02     Ps. 2.76     Ps. 0.02     Ps. 2.86     Ps. 0.02  
 
                                   
Basic earnings per share (net income)
  Ps. 2.44     Ps. 0.02     Ps. 2.76     Ps. 0.02     Ps. 2.86     Ps. 0.02  
 
                                   
Diluted EPS
                                               
Dilutive Potential Shares
    63,064             47,354             40,018        
Total Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding
    2,526,672       52,915,867       2,499,146       52,916,036       2,439,471       52,916,036  
Diluted earnings per share (continuing operations)
  Ps. 2.37     Ps. 0.02     Ps. 2.71     Ps. 0.02     Ps. 2.81     Ps. 0.02  
 
                                   
Diluted earnings per share (net income)
  Ps. 2.37     Ps. 0.02     Ps. 2.71     Ps. 0.02     Ps. 2.81     Ps. 0.02  
 
                                   

 

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Presentation in the Financial Statements — Consolidated Balance Sheets
To provide a better understanding of the differences in accounting standards, the table below presents the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2006 and 2007, in a format consistent with the presentation of condensed consolidated balance sheets under U.S. GAAP, and after reflecting the adjustments described in (a) to (o) above:
                 
    December 31,     December 31,  
    2006     2007  
ASSETS
               
Current assets:
               
Cash and cash equivalents
  Ps. 15,461,345     Ps. 25,479,541  
Other investments
    943,728       1,825,355  
Trade notes and accounts receivable, net
    14,108,702       17,294,674  
Other accounts and notes receivable, net
    1,544,287       2,590,330  
Due from affiliated companies
    458,139       195,023  
Transmission rights and programming
    3,167,943       3,154,681  
Inventories
    801,943       833,996  
Available-for-sale investments
    12,266,318        
Current deferred taxes
    2,432,490       2,313,598  
Other current assets
    800,068       653,260  
 
           
Total current assets
    51,984,963       54,340,458  
Non-current assets:
               
Transmission rights and programming
    2,019,071       3,737,976  
Investments
    4,750,812       7,322,304  
Property, plant and equipment, net
    21,238,557       24,457,649  
Goodwill, net
    2,747,278       4,952,171  
Intangible assets, net
    3,401,005       4,161,443  
Deferred taxes
    4,308,304       3,906,544  
Financial instruments
    940,238       765,777  
Prepaid pension and seniority premiums
    342,496       80,921  
Other assets
    72,859       83,745  
 
           
Total assets
  Ps. 91,805,583     Ps. 103,808,988  
 
           
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
               
Current liabilities:
               
Current portion of long-term debt
  Ps. 1,023,445     Ps. 488,650  
Current portion of satellite transponder lease obligation
    89,415       97,696  
Trade accounts payable
    3,580,467       4,457,519  
Customer deposits and advances
    17,528,635       17,145,053  
Taxes payable
    1,223,814       684,497  
Current deferred taxes
    1,293,728       1,579,727  
Accrued interest
    271,915       307,814  
Other accrued liabilities
    2,102,700       2,155,864  
Due from affiliated companies
    39,566       127,191  
 
           
Total current liabilities
    27,153,685       27,044,011  
Non-current liabilities:
               
Long-term debt
    18,464,257       24,433,387  
Satellite transponder lease obligation
    1,162,531       1,035,134  
Customer deposits and advances
    278,282       2,665,185  
Other long-term liabilities
    1,465,438       3,374,533  
Deferred taxes
    5,794,073       5,021,717  
 
           
Total liabilities
    54,318,266       63,573,967  
 
           
Commitments and contingencies
               
Minority interest
    1,688,208       3,655,162  
 
           
Total stockholders’ equity
    35,799,109       36,579,859  
 
           
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
  Ps. 91,805,583     Ps. 103,808,988  
 
           

 

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Cash flow information
Mexican FRS Bulletin B-12 issued by the MIPA specifies the appropriate presentation of the statements of changes in financial position. Under Bulletin B-12, the sources and uses of resources are determined based upon the differences between beginning and ending financial statement balances in Mexican Pesos of constant purchasing power. In addition, the inflation-adjusted statement of changes in financial position includes certain non-cash items such as monetary gains and losses, unrealized foreign currency translation gains or losses and net effect of foreign investment hedges. Under U.S. GAAP, SFAS No. 95, “Statement of Cash Flows,” a statement of cash flows is required, which presents only cash movements and excludes non-cash items.
The Group considers all highly liquid temporary cash investments with original maturities of three months or less, consisting primarily of short-term promissory notes (Mexican pesos and U.S. dollars in 2005, 2006 and 2007) of Mexican financial institutions, to be cash equivalents.
The following is a cash flow statement on a U.S. GAAP basis in constant Mexican Pesos with the effects of inflation on cash and cash equivalents stated separately in a manner similar to the concept of presenting the effects of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents as prescribed by SFAS No. 95:
                         
    2005     2006     2007  
Operating activities:
                       
Net income under U.S. GAAP
  Ps. 7,368,249     Ps. 8,308,077     Ps. 8,233,396  
Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash provided by operating activities:
                       
Equity in (income) loss of affiliates
    (172,913 )     624,843       774,356  
Minority interest from continuing operations
    1,181,596       609,219       934,295  
Depreciation and amortization
    3,246,033       3,024,800       3,304,581  
Amortization of deferred debt refinancing
          (31,396 )     (31,420 )
Impairment adjustments
    8,032       93,464        
Pension plans and seniority premiums
    342,207              
Deferred income tax
    (784,282 )     1,823,790       125,968  
(Gain) loss on disposal of investment
    (1,223,640 )     (19,556 )     822,671  
Unrealized foreign exchange gain, net
    (657,558 )     (339,650 )     139,064  
Employee stock option plans
    302,146       243,882       140,517  
Maintenance reserve
    (5,345 )     2,744       3,949  
(Income) loss from monetary position
    (192,502 )     (58,543 )     542,533  
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
                       
(Increase) decrease in:
                       
Trade notes and accounts receivable and customer deposits and advances, net
    (473,721 )     (1,367,269 )     (1,651,317 )
Inventories
    50,276       (112,827 )     (32,053 )
Transmission rights, programs and films and production talent advances
    715,446       495,475       (1,882,412 )
Other accounts and notes receivable and other current assets
    751,864       (1,152,498 )     (528,894 )
Increase (decrease) in:
                       
Trade accounts payable
    893,661       518,440       937,012  
Other liabilities and taxes payable
    (871,609 )     320,708       116,801  
Pension plan and seniority premiums
          90,360       17,094  
 
                 
Net cash provided by operating activities
    10,477,940       13,074,063       11,966,141  
 
                 
Financing activities:
                       
Issuance of Senior Notes due 2025
    7,185,905              
Issuance of Senior Notes due 2037
                4,500,000  
Issuance of Senior Notes due 2012
                2,481,521  
Prepayments of Senior Notes and UDIs denominated Notes
    (5,873,517 )            
Prepayment of Senior Notes due 2013
          (3,034,536 )      
Other increase (decrease) in debt
          3,631,565       (1,054,007 )
Deferred debt refinancing costs
    604,648              
Other changes in notes payable
    (4,861,141 )            
Financial instruments
    (752,094 )     (1,532,111 )     140,398  
Repurchase of capital stock
    (1,289,552 )     (3,224,515 )     (3,948,331 )
Sale of repurchased shares
    339,611       587,263       99,771  
Dividends paid
    (4,648,726 )     (1,161,839 )     (4,506,492 )
Minority interest
    (117,236 )     113,607       1,032,659  
 
                 
Net cash used for financing activities
    (9,412,102 )     (4,620,566 )     (1,254,481 )
 
                 

 

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    2005     2006     2007  
Investing activities:
                       
Other investments
    671,872       (826,920 )     (915,818 )
Due from affiliated companies, net
    577,657       (894,658 )     262,170  
Equity investments and other advances
    558,616       (2,703,858 )     (4,746,807 )
Investments in property, plant and equipment
    (2,626,055 )     (2,887,888 )     (2,977,154 )
Available-for-sale investment in shares of Univision
                11,821,932  
Acquisitions of Telecom net assets
                (1,975,666 )
Intangible assets and other assets
    (1,574,196 )     (902,707 )     (1,762,332 )
 
                 
Net cash used for investing activities
    (2,392,106 )     (8,216,031 )     (293,675 )
 
                 
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents
    (1,326,268 )     237,466       10,417,985  
Translation effect on cash and cash equivalents
    (13,654 )     7,228       22,086  
Net increase in cash and temporary investments upon Telecom acquisition
                138,261  
Effect of inflation on cash and cash equivalents
    (572,337 )     (616,759 )     (560,136 )
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year
    17,745,669       15,833,410       15,461,345  
 
                 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year
  Ps. 15,833,410     Ps. 15,461,345     Ps. 25,479,541  
 
                 
Net cash provided by operating activities reflects cash payments for interest and income taxes as follows:
                         
    2005     2006     2007  
Interest
  Ps. 2,156,091     Ps. 1,894,346     Ps. 1,905,621  
Income taxes and/or assets tax
    578,299       1,132,412       2,955,115  
Supplemental disclosures about non-cash activities:
                         
    2005     2006     2007  
Note receivable related to customer deposits
  Ps. 13,278,854     Ps. 12,406,786     Ps. 14,753,180  
Recently issued accounting standards
SFAS No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements,” was issued in September 2006. This Statement defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in U.S. GAAP, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. This Statement applies under other accounting pronouncements that require or permit fair value measurements, the Board having previously concluded in those accounting pronouncements that fair value is the relevant measurement attribute. Accordingly, this Statement does not require any new fair value measurements. However, for some entities, the application of this Statement will change current practice. The definition of fair value retains the exchange price notion in earlier definitions of fair value. This Statement clarifies that the exchange price is the price in an orderly transaction between market participants to sell the asset or transfer the liability in the market in which the reporting entity would transact for the asset or liability, that is, the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability. The transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability is a hypothetical transaction at the measurement date, considered from the perspective of a market participant that holds the asset or owes the liability. Therefore, the definition focuses on the price that would be received to sell the asset or paid to transfer the liability (an exit price), not the price that would be paid to acquire the asset or received to assume the liability (an entry price). This Statement also emphasizes that fair value is a market-based measurement, not an entity-specific measurement. This Statement shall be effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007. Earlier application is encouraged. FASB Staff Position 157-2 delays the effective date of SFAS 157, “Fair Value Measurements,” for non-financial assets and non-financial liabilities, except for items that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis (at least annually). This FSP defers the effective date of Statement 157 for the above types of items to fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2008, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The Group is currently evaluating the impact, if any, the adoption of SFAS No. 157 will have on the financial position, results of operations and disclosures.
In February 2007, the FASB published SFAS No. 159, “The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities.” This statement permits entities to choose to measure many financial instruments and certain other items at fair value that are not currently required to be measured at fair value. The objective is to improve financial reporting by providing entities with the opportunity to mitigate volatility in reported earnings caused by measuring related assets and liabilities differently without having to apply complex hedge accounting provisions. This statement also establishes presentation and disclosure requirements designed to facilitate comparisons between entities that choose different measurement attributes for similar types of assets and liabilities. This statement does not affect any existing accounting literature that requires certain assets and liabilities to be carried at fair value. This statement does not establish requirements for recognizing and measuring dividend income, interest income, or interest expense. This statement does not eliminate disclosure requirements included in other accounting standards, including requirements for disclosures about fair value measurements included in SFAS No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements,” and SFAS No. 107, “Disclosures about Fair Value of Financial Instruments.” SFAS No. 159 will be effective for all fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007. The Group is currently evaluating the impact this statement will have on the financial position, results of operations and disclosures, should the Group elect to measure certain financial instruments at fair value.

 

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In December 2007, the FASB published SFAS No. 141(R), which replaces SFAS No. 141, “Business Combinations.” This statement improves the reporting of information about a business combination and its effects. This statement establishes principles and requirements for how the acquirer will recognize and measure the identifiable assets acquired, the liabilities assumed, and any non-controlling interest in the acquisition. Also, the statement determines the recognition and measurement of goodwill acquired in the business combination or a gain from a bargain purchase, and finally, sets forth the disclosure requirements to enable users of the financial statements to evaluate the nature and financial effects of the business combination. SFAS No. 141(R) will be effective for all business combinations with an acquisition date on or after the beginning of the first annual reporting period after December 15, 2008, and earlier adoption is prohibited. The Group will adopt this pronouncement on January 1, 2009.
In December 2007, the FASB published SFAS No. 160 on “Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements — an amendment of ARB No. 51.” This statement addresses the reporting of minority interests in the results of the parent and provides direction for the recording of such interests in the financial statements. It also provides guidance for the recording of various transactions related to the minority interests, as well as certain disclosure requirements. SFAS No. 160 will be effective for fiscal years and interim periods after December 15, 2008, and earlier adoption is prohibited. The presentation and disclosure requirements of SFAS No. 160 must be applied retrospectively for all periods presented. The Group will adopt this pronouncement on January 1, 2009. The Group is currently evaluating the impact this statement will have on the financial position, results of operations and disclosures.
On March 19, 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 161, “Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities,” an amendment to FASB Statement No. 133. This new standard requires enhanced disclosures for derivative instruments, including those used in hedging activities. It is effective for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after November 15, 2008, with early adoption encouraged. The adoption of FASB 161 is not expected to have a material impact on the results of operations and financial condition.
In May 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 162, “The Hierarchy of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles,” which identifies the sources of accounting principles and the framework for selecting principles to be used in the preparation of financial statements of nongovernmental entities that are presented in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) in the United States. This Statement shall be effective 60 days following the SEC’s approval of Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (“PCAOB”) amendments to AU Section 411, “The Meaning of Present Fairly in Conformity with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles.” Any effect of applying the provisions of this Statement shall be reported as a change in accounting principles in accordance with SFAS No. 154, “Accounting Changes and Error Corrections.” An entity shall follow the disclosure requirements of that Statement, and additionally, disclose the accounting principles that were used before and after the application of the provisions of this Statement and the reason why applying this Statement resulted in a change in accounting principles. The adoption of SFAS No. 162 is not expected to have a material impact on the results of operations and financial condition.
Consolidated valuation and qualifying accounts
                                 
    Balance at                     Balance at  
    Beginning                     End  
Description   of Year     Additions     Deductions     of Year  
Continuing operations:
                               
Reserve for damage, obsolescence or deterioration of inventories:
                               
Year ended December 31, 2005
  Ps. 9,371     Ps. 2,529     Ps.     Ps. 11,900  
Year ended December 31, 2006
    11,900             (4,932 )     6,968  
Year ended December 31, 2007
    6,968       15,578       (3,165 )     19,381  
 
                               
Allowances for doubtful accounts(1):
                               
Year ended December 31, 2005
  Ps. 1,339,846     Ps. 335,741     Ps. (371,302 )   Ps. 1,304,285  
Year ended December 31, 2006
    1,304,285       592,523       (645,213 )     1,251,595  
Year ended December 31, 2007
    1,251,595       154,955       (303,684 )     1,102,866  
 
     
(1)  
Include allowances for trade and non-trade doubtful accounts.

 

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24. Subsequent Events
On April 30, 2008, the Company’s stockholders approved (i) the payment of a dividend for an aggregate amount of up to Ps.2,276,340, which consisted of Ps.0.75 per CPO and Ps.0.00641025641 per share, not in the form of a CPO, which was paid in cash in May 2008; and (ii) the cancellation of approximately 7,146.1 million shares of capital stock in the form of approximately 61.1 million CPOs, which were repurchased by the Company in 2007 and 2008.
In May 2008, the Company issued U.S.$500 million aggregate principal amount of 6% Senior Notes due 2018. The Group intends to use the net proceeds from this issuance for general corporate purposes, including the repayment of the Company’s outstanding indebtedness and the repurchase of the Company’s shares, among other uses, in each case, subject to market conditions and other factors. The indenture of these Senior Notes contains certain covenants similar to those applicable to the Company’s Senior Notes due 2011, 2025, 2032 and 2037. The Senior Notes due 2018 are intended to be registered in the third quarter of 2008 with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (see Note 8).
On May 13, 2008, the Mexican Antitrust Commission announced that the Group complied with all of the required regulatory conditions, and therefore, authorized the conversion of debentures issued by Alvafig and held by the Group into 99.99% of the capital stock of Alvafig. As a result of this conversion, which was effected by the Group and Alvafig in May 2008, Alvafig became an indirect subsidiary of the Company (see Note 2).
During the period from January 1, 2008 through June 13, 2008, the Group made additional capital contributions related to its 40% interest in La Sexta in the aggregate amount of €24.8 million.

 

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EXHIBIT INDEX
       
Exhibit    
Number   Description of Exhibits
  1.1
English translation of Amended and Restated Bylaws (Estatutos Sociales) of the Registrant, dated as of April 30, 2008.
  2.11
Twelfth Supplemental Indenture related to the 6.0% Senior Notes due 2018 between Registrant, as Issuer, The Bank of New York and The Bank of New York (Luxembourg) S.A., dated as of May 12, 2008
  4.16
Full-Time Transponder Service Agreement, dated as of November __, 2007, by and among Intelsat Corporation, Intelsat LLC, Corporación de Radio y Televisión del Norte de México, S. de R. L. de C.V. and SKY Brasil Serviços Ltda.
  4.17
Credit Agreement, dated as of December 19, 2007, by and among Empresas Cablevisión, S.A.B. de C.V., JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent and J.P. Morgan Securities Inc., as sole bookrunner and lead arranger.
  8.1
List of Subsidiaries of Registrant.
  12.1
CEO Certification pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, dated June 25, 2008.
  12.2
CFO Certification pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, dated June 25, 2008.
  13.1
CEO Certification pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, dated June 25, 2008.
  13.2
CFO Certification pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, dated June 25, 2008.