vishayintertech_10q.htm


UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
 
FORM 10-Q
 
    (Mark One)
     
x       QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
     
       For the quarterly period ended                April 2, 2011    
     
o   TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
     
       For the transition period from ________ to ________

Commission File Number 1-7416
 
VISHAY INTERTECHNOLOGY, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
 
      Delaware             38-1686453      
  (State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation)   (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)  
         
  63 Lancaster Avenue      
  Malvern, PA 19355-2143    610-644-1300  
  (Address of Principal Executive Offices)   (Registrant’s Area Code and Telephone Number)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. x Yes   o No
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (section 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files. x Yes o No
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
 
Large accelerated filer x Accelerated filer o
Non-accelerated filer o (Do not check if smaller reporting company) Smaller reporting company o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). o Yes x No
 
As of April 29, 2011, the registrant had 152,043,447 shares of its common stock and 13,452,549 shares of its Class B common stock outstanding.
 




 











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VISHAY INTERTECHNOLOGY, INC.
FORM 10-Q
APRIL 2, 2011
CONTENTS
 
          Page Number
PART I.               FINANCIAL INFORMATION  
           
    Item 1.   Financial Statements  
           
        Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets  
               (Unaudited) – April 2, 2011 and December 31, 2010 4
           
        Consolidated Condensed Statements of Operations  
               (Unaudited) – Fiscal Quarters Ended April 2, 2011 and  
               April 3, 2010 6
           
        Consolidated Condensed Statements of Cash Flows  
               (Unaudited) – Three Fiscal Months Ended April 2, 2011 and  
               April 3, 2010 7
           
        Consolidated Condensed Statement of Equity  
               (Unaudited) 8
           
        Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements  
               (Unaudited) 9
           
    Item 2.   Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial  
               Condition and Results of Operations 24
           
    Item 3.   Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk 45
           
    Item 4.   Controls and Procedures 45
           
PART II.       OTHER INFORMATION  
           
    Item 1.   Legal Proceedings 46
           
    Item 1A.   Risk Factors 46
           
    Item 2.   Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds 46
           
    Item 3.   Defaults Upon Senior Securities 46
           
    Item 4.   Removed and Reserved 46
           
    Item 5.   Other Information 46
           
    Item 6.   Exhibits 46
           
        SIGNATURES 47

3
 

 

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
 
Item 1. Financial Statements
 
VISHAY INTERTECHNOLOGY, INC.
Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets
(Unaudited - In thousands)
 
    April 2,   December 31,
        2011       2010
Assets                
Current assets:                
       Cash and cash equivalents   $      668,551     $      897,338  
       Short-term investments     339,449       -  
       Accounts receivable, net     339,263       330,556  
       Inventories:                
              Finished goods     118,264       109,762  
              Work in process     190,859       178,844  
              Raw materials
    151,264       139,216  
       Total inventories     460,387       427,822  
                 
       Deferred income taxes     33,341       31,903  
       Prepaid expenses and other current assets     114,951       106,885  
Total current assets     1,955,942       1,794,504  
                 
Property and equipment, at cost:                
       Land     94,600       93,020  
       Buildings and improvements     496,500       477,518  
       Machinery and equipment     2,085,332       2,025,793  
       Construction in progress     62,276       75,051  
       Allowance for depreciation     (1,826,000 )     (1,759,268 )
      912,708       912,114  
                 
Intangible assets, net     110,551       113,830  
                 
Other assets     139,310       145,645  
       Total assets   $ 3,118,511     $ 2,966,093  
                 
Continues on following page.
 
4
 

 

VISHAY INTERTECHNOLOGY, INC.
Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets (continued)
(Unaudited - In thousands)
 
    April 2,   December 31,
    2011   2010
Liabilities and equity                
Current liabilities:                        
       Notes payable to banks   $        511     $        23  
       Trade accounts payable     166,746       167,795  
       Payroll and related expenses     113,072       122,234  
       Other accrued expenses     183,568       186,049  
       Income taxes     73,883       51,060  
Total current liabilities     537,780       527,161  
                 
Long-term debt less current portion     431,997       431,682  
Deferred income taxes     82,171       82,043  
Deferred grant income     2,607       2,788  
Other liabilities     136,968       134,152  
Accrued pension and other postretirement costs     297,955       291,117  
Total liabilities     1,489,478       1,468,943  
                 
Stockholders' equity:                
Vishay stockholders' equity                
       Common stock     15,197       15,061  
       Class B convertible common stock     1,345       1,435  
       Capital in excess of par value     2,165,438       2,156,981  
       (Accumulated deficit) retained earnings     (666,950 )     (742,237 )
       Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)     108,764       60,491  
       Total Vishay stockholders' equity     1,623,794       1,491,731  
Noncontrolling interests     5,239       5,419  
Total equity     1,629,033       1,497,150  
Total liabilities and equity   $ 3,118,511     $ 2,966,093  
                 
See accompanying notes.
 
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VISHAY INTERTECHNOLOGY, INC.
Consolidated Condensed Statements of Operations
(Unaudited - In thousands, except per share amounts)
 
    Fiscal quarters ended
        April 2,       April 3,
    2011   2010
Net revenues   $      695,151     $      640,460  
Costs of products sold     480,488       473,447  
Gross profit     214,663       167,013  
                 
Selling, general, and administrative expenses     92,465       101,888  
Operating income     122,198       65,125  
                 
Other income (expense):                
       Interest expense     (4,054 )     (2,434 )
       Other     (507 )     44  
      (4,561 )     (2,390 )
                 
Income before taxes     117,637       62,735  
                 
Income tax expense     42,030       17,096  
                 
Net earnings     75,607       45,639  
                 
Less: net earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests     320       219  
Net earnings attributable to Vishay stockholders   $ 75,287     $ 45,420  
                 
Basic earnings per share attributable to Vishay stockholders   $ 0.46     $ 0.24  
                 
Diluted earnings per share attributable to Vishay stockholders   $ 0.43     $ 0.24  
                 
Weighted average shares outstanding - basic     165,186       186,641  
                 
Weighted average shares outstanding - diluted     175,661       193,067  

See accompanying notes.
 
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VISHAY INTERTECHNOLOGY, INC.
Consolidated Condensed Statements of Cash Flows
(Unaudited - In thousands)
 
    Three fiscal months ended
        April 2,       April 3,
    2011   2010
Continuing operating activities                
Net earnings   $      75,607     $      45,639  
Adjustments to reconcile net earnings (loss) to                
       net cash provided by continuing operating activities:                
              Depreciation and amortization     45,401       50,445  
              (Gain) loss on disposal of property and equipment     (959 )     (68 )
              Accretion of interest on convertible debentures     376       -  
              Inventory write-offs for obsolescence     5,237       6,005  
              Deferred grant income     (147 )     (156 )
              Other     25,222       5,186  
              Net change in operating assets and liabilities,                
                     net of effects of businesses acquired or spun-off     (52,980 )     (39,003 )
Net cash provided by continuing operating activities     97,757       68,048  
                 
Continuing investing activities                
Capital expenditures     (18,600 )     (18,086 )
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment     1,194       292  
Purchase of short-term investments     (339,449 )     -  
Other investing activities     (6 )     -  
Net cash used in continuing investing activities     (356,861 )     (17,794 )
                 
Continuing financing activities                
Principal payments on long-term debt and capital leases     -       (1,614 )
Net changes in short-term borrowings     489       9  
Proceeds from stock options exercised     6,793       -  
Excess tax benefit from stock options exercised     302       -  
Distributions to noncontrolling interests     (500 )     (516 )
Net cash provided by (used in) continuing financing activities     7,084       (2,121 )
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents     23,233       (14,138 )
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents                
       from continuing activities     (228,787 )     33,995  
                 
Net cash used in discontinued operating activities     -       (82 )
Net cash used in discontinued investing activities     -       -  
Net cash used in discontinued financing activities     -       -  
Net cash used in discontinued operations     -       (82 )
                 
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents     (228,787 )     33,913  
                 
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period     897,338       579,189  
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period   $ 668,551     $ 613,102  
                 
See accompanying notes.
 
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VISHAY INTERTECHNOLOGY, INC.
Consolidated Condensed Statement of Equity
(Unaudited - In thousands, except share amounts)
 
          Class B           Retained   Accumulated   Total                
          Convertible   Capital in   Earnings   Other   Vishay                
    Common   Common   Excess of   (Accumulated   Comprehensive   Stockholders'   Noncontrolling   Total
     Stock    Stock    Par Value    Deficit)    Income (Loss)    Equity    Interests    Equity
Balance at January 1, 2011   $    15,061   $    1,435     $    2,156,981     $    (742,237 )   $    60,491   $    1,491,731   $    5,419     $    1,497,150  
Net earnings     -     -       -       75,287       -     75,287     320       75,607  
Other comprehensive income     -     -       -       -       48,273     48,273     -       48,273  
Comprehensive income                                         123,560     320       123,880  
Distributions to noncontrolling interests     -     -       -       -       -     -     (500 )     (500 )
Phantom and restricted stock
       issuances (5,000 shares)
    1     -       (1 )     -       -     -     -       -  
Stock compensation expense     -     -       1,408       -       -     1,408     -       1,408  
Stock options exercised (452,628 shares)     45     -       6,748       -       -     6,793     -       6,793  
Tax effects of stock plan     -     -       302       -       -     302     -       302  
Conversions from Class B to
       common stock (900,290 shares)
    90     (90 )     -       -       -     -     -       -  
Balance at April 2, 2011   $ 15,197   $ 1,345     $ 2,165,438     $ (666,950 )   $ 108,764   $ 1,623,794   $ 5,239     $ 1,629,033  
                                                           
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Vishay Intertechnology, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
 
Note 1 – Basis of Presentation
 
The accompanying unaudited consolidated condensed financial statements of Vishay Intertechnology, Inc. (“Vishay” or the “Company”) have been prepared in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and therefore do not include all information and footnotes necessary for presentation of financial position, results of operations, and cash flows required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) for complete financial statements. The information furnished reflects all normal recurring adjustments which are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair summary of the financial position, results of operations, and cash flows for the interim periods presented. The financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements filed with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010. The results of operations for the three fiscal months ended April 2, 2011 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year.
 
The Company reports interim financial information for 13-week periods beginning on a Sunday and ending on a Saturday, except for the first fiscal quarter, which always begins on January 1, and the fourth fiscal quarter, which always ends on December 31. The four fiscal quarters in 2011 end on April 2, 2011, July 2, 2011, October 1, 2011, and December 31, 2011. The four fiscal quarters in 2010 ended on April 3, 2010, July 3, 2010, October 2, 2010, and December 31, 2010, respectively.
 
On July 6, 2010, Vishay completed the spin-off of Vishay Precision Group, Inc. (“VPG”) through a tax-free stock dividend to Vishay’s stockholders. Until July 6, 2010, VPG was part of Vishay and its results of operations and cash flows are included in the balances reported in these consolidated condensed financial statements for periods prior to the completion of the spin-off.
 
In preparation for the spin-off of VPG, the Company realigned its reportable business segments structure in the second fiscal quarter of 2010 to be consistent with changes made to its management reporting. Segment results for the fiscal quarter ended April 3, 2010 have been adjusted to reflect the new segment reporting structure. Refer to Note 8 for a description of the new segment reporting structure.
 
Recently Adopted Accounting Guidance
 
In January 2010, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) updated the accounting guidance related to fair value measurements disclosures. The updated guidance (i) requires separate disclosure of significant transfers in and out of Levels 1 and 2 fair value measurements, (ii) requires disclosure of Level 3 fair value measurements activity on a gross basis, (iii) clarifies existing disaggregation requirements, (iv) and clarifies existing input and valuation technique disclosure requirements. The updated guidance was effective for the Company for interim and annual periods beginning after January 1, 2010, except for the Level 3 fair value measurement disclosure requirements, which are effective for fiscal years beginning after January 1, 2011. Vishay adopted the then-effective aspects of the guidance on January 1, 2010 and adopted the remaining guidance on January 1, 2011. The adoption of the guidance had no effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations, or liquidity.
 
Reclassifications
 
Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current financial statement presentation.
 
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Note 2 – Acquisition and Divestiture Activities
 
As part of its growth strategy, the Company seeks to expand through targeted acquisitions of other manufacturers of electronic components that have established positions in major markets, reputations for product quality and reliability, and product lines with which the Company has substantial marketing and technical expertise.
 
Spin-off of Vishay Precision Group, Inc.
 
On October 27, 2009, Vishay announced that it intended to spin off its measurements and foil resistors businesses into an independent, publicly-traded company to be named Vishay Precision Group, Inc.
 
On June 15, 2010, the Board of Directors of Vishay approved the spin-off of VPG and on July 6, 2010, Vishay completed the spin-off through a tax-free stock dividend to Vishay’s stockholders. Vishay’s common stockholders received 1 share of VPG common stock for every 14 shares of Vishay common stock they held on the record date, June 25, 2010, and Vishay’s Class B common stockholders received 1 share of VPG Class B common stock for every 14 shares of Vishay Class B common stock they held on the record date.
 
Until July 6, 2010, VPG was part of Vishay and its results of operations and cash flows are included in the amounts reported in these consolidated condensed financial statements for periods prior to the completion of the spin-off. The product lines that comprise VPG are included in the VPG reporting segment. See Note 8 for further information on the effect that VPG had on Vishay’s consolidated results.
 
Relationship with VPG after Spin-off
 
Following the spin-off, VPG is an independent company and Vishay retains no ownership interest. However, two members of the VPG board of directors also serve on Vishay’s board of directors.
 
In connection with the completion of the spin-off, on July 6, 2010, Vishay and its subsidiaries entered into several agreements with VPG and its subsidiaries that govern the relationship of the parties following the spin-off. Among the agreements entered into with VPG and its subsidiaries were a transition services agreement, several lease agreements, and supply agreements. None of the agreements are expected to have a material impact on Vishay’s financial position, results of operations, or liquidity.
 
Vishay also entered into a trademark license agreement with VPG pursuant to which Vishay granted VPG the license to use certain trademarks, service marks, logos, trade names, entity names, and domain names which include the term “Vishay.” The license granted VPG the limited, exclusive, royalty-free right and license to use certain marks and names incorporating the term “Vishay” in connection with the design, development, manufacture, marketing, provision and performance of certain VPG products that do not compete with any products within Vishay’s product range as constituted immediately following the separation and certain services provided in connection with the products. The license cannot be terminated except as a result of willful misconduct or liquidation bankruptcy of VPG.
 
As a result of this continuing involvement, Vishay did not restate prior periods to present VPG as a discontinued operation.
 
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Note 3 – Income Taxes
 
The provision for income taxes consists of provisions for federal, state, and foreign income taxes. The effective tax rates for the periods ended April 2, 2011 and April 3, 2010 reflect the Company’s expected tax rate on reported income from continuing operations before income tax and tax adjustments. The Company operates in a global environment with significant operations in various locations outside the United States. Accordingly, the consolidated income tax rate is a composite rate reflecting the Company’s earnings and the applicable tax rates in the various locations where the Company operates.
 
In January 2011, a new tax law was enacted in Israel which effectively lowered the corporate income tax rate on certain types of income earned after December 31, 2010. Accordingly, the Company’s deferred tax assets in Israel were written down to reflect the lower rate and a one-time tax expense of $10.0 million was recorded in the consolidated condensed statement of operations during the three fiscal months ended April 2, 2011.
 
During the three fiscal months ended April 2, 2011, the liabilities for unrecognized tax benefits increased by $2.2 million on a net basis, principally due to increases for positions taken during prior periods, interest, and foreign exchange effects.
 
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Note 4 – Long-Term Debt
 
Long-term debt consists of the following (in thousands):
 
    April 2,   December 31,
        2011       2010
Credit facility   $     240,000   $ 240,000
Exchangeable unsecured notes, due 2102     95,042     95,042
Convertible senior debentures, due 2040     96,955     96,640
      431,997     431,682
Less current portion     -     -
    $ 431,997   $ 431,682
 

Convertible Senior Debentures, due 2040
 
On November 9, 2010, Vishay issued $275 million principal amount of 2.25% convertible senior debentures due 2040 to qualified institutional investors. GAAP requires an issuer to separately account for the liability and equity components of a convertible debt instrument in a manner that reflects the issuer’s nonconvertible debt borrowing rate when interest costs are recognized in subsequent periods. The resulting discount on the debt is amortized as non-cash interest expense in future periods.
 
The carrying values of the liability and equity components of the convertible debentures are reflected in the Company’s consolidated condensed balance sheets as follows (in thousands):
 
    April 2,   December 31,
        2011       2010
Liability component:                
       Principal amount of the debentures   $     275,000     $         275,000  
       Unamortized discount     (178,303 )     (178,679 )
       Embedded derivative     258       319  
       Carrying value of liability component   $ 96,955     $ 96,640  
                 
Equity component - net carrying value   $ 110,094     $ 110,094  
 

Interest is payable on the debentures semi-annually at a rate of 2.25% per annum; however, the remaining debt discount is being amortized as additional non-cash interest expense using an effective annual interest rate of 8.00% based on the Company’s estimated nonconvertible debt borrowing rate at the time of issuance. In addition to ordinary interest, beginning on November 15, 2020, contingent interest will accrue in certain circumstances relating to the trading price of the debentures and under certain other circumstances.
 
Interest expense related to the debentures is reflected on the consolidated condensed statement of operations as follows (in thousands):
 
    Fiscal quarter ended
        April 2, 2011
Contractual coupon interest   $ 1,547  
Non-cash amortization of debt discount     376  
Non-cash amortization of deferred financing costs     22  
Non-cash change in value of derivative liability     (61 )
       Total interest expense related to the debentures   $                        1,884  
 

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Note 5 – Comprehensive Income (Loss)
 
Comprehensive income (loss) includes the following components (in thousands):
 
    Fiscal quarters ended
        April 2, 2011       April 3, 2010
Net earnings   $ 75,607   $ 45,639  
Other comprehensive income (loss):              
       Foreign currency translation              
              adjustment     45,728              (29,484 )
       Unrealized gain (loss) on available              
              for sale securities     611     395  
       Pension and other postretirement              
              adjustments     1,934     1,770  
Total other comprehensive income (loss)     48,273     (27,319 )
Comprehensive income   $ 123,880   $ 18,320  
Less: Comprehensive income              
       attributable to noncontrolling interests     320     219  
Comprehensive income attributable              
       to Vishay stockholders   $ 123,560   $ 18,101  
 

Other comprehensive income (loss) includes Vishay’s proportionate share of other comprehensive income (loss) of nonconsolidated subsidiaries accounted for under the equity method.
 
13
 

 

Note 6 – Pensions and Other Postretirement Benefits
 
The Company maintains various retirement benefit plans.
 
The following table shows the components of the net periodic pension cost for the first fiscal quarters of 2011 and 2010 for the Company’s defined benefit pension plans (in thousands):
 
    Fiscal quarter ended   Fiscal quarter ended
    April 2, 2011   April 3, 2010
    U.S.   Non-U.S.   U.S.   Non-U.S.
        Plans       Plans       Plans       Plans
Net service cost   $     -     $     827     $     -     $     777  
Interest cost     4,068       2,562       4,065       2,877  
Expected return on plan assets     (4,653 )     (391 )     (4,401 )     (466 )
Amortization of transition obligation     -       14       -       -  
Amortization of prior service cost     641       -       44       -  
Amortization of losses     2,102       235       2,305       42  
Net periodic benefit cost   $ 2,158     $ 3,247     $ 2,013     $ 3,230  
 

The following table shows the components of the net periodic benefit cost for the first fiscal quarters of 2011 and 2010 for the Company’s other postretirement benefit plans (in thousands):
 
    Fiscal quarter ended   Fiscal quarter ended
    April 2, 2011   April 3, 2010
    U.S.   Non-U.S.   U.S.   Non-U.S.
        Plans       Plans       Plans       Plans
Service cost   $ 19     $ 67   $ 28     $ 67
Interest cost     146       69     195       76
Amortization of prior service (credit) cost              (110 )     -               (110 )      -
Amortization of transition obligation     12       -     19        -
Amortization of gains     (61 )     -     (51 )      -
Net periodic benefit cost   $ 6     $ 136   $ 81     $ 143
 

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Note 7 – Stock-Based Compensation
 
The Company has various stockholder-approved programs which allow for the grant of stock-based compensation to officers, employees, and non-employee directors.
 
The amount of compensation cost related to stock-based payment transactions is measured based on the grant-date fair value of the equity instruments issued. The fair value of each option award is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The Company determines compensation cost for restricted stock units (“RSUs”), phantom stock units, and restricted stock based on the grant-date fair value of the underlying common stock. Compensation cost is recognized over the period that an officer, employee, or non-employee director provides service in exchange for the award.
 
The following table summarizes stock-based compensation expense recognized (in thousands):
 
    Fiscal quarters ended
        April 2, 2011       April 3, 2010
Stock options   $ 120   $ 193
Restricted stock units     1,066     220
Phantom stock units     222     175
Total   $ 1,408   $ 588
 

The following table summarizes unrecognized compensation cost and the weighted average remaining amortization periods at April 2, 2011 (dollars in thousands, amortization periods in years):
 
          Weighted Average
    Unrecognized   Remaining
    Compensation   Amortization
        Cost       Periods
Stock options   $ 507   1.7
Restricted stock units     9,731   2.1
Phantom stock units     -   0.0
Total   $ 10,238    
 

2007 Stock Incentive Plan
 
The Company’s 2007 Stock Incentive Program (the “2007 Program”) permits the grant of up to 3,000,000 shares of restricted stock, unrestricted stock, RSUs, and stock options, to officers, employees, and non-employee directors. Such instruments are available for grant until May 22, 2017.
 
The 2007 Program was originally approved by stockholders of the Company on May 22, 2007, as the “2007 Stock Option Program.” On May 28, 2008, the Company’s stockholders approved amendments to the 2007 Stock Option Program, which was then renamed the “2007 Stock Incentive Program.”
 
On February 23, 2011, the Board of Directors of the Company amended and restated the 2007 Program. The amendment eliminated share recycling, so that on the exercise of an option where the exercise price is paid via the tender of previously-owned shares or pursuant to an “immaculate cashless exercise,” the total “gross” number of option shares exercised is removed from the pool of shares available for future issuance. Similarly, shares withheld to pay income taxes in connection with the exercise of an option are also removed from the pool. The amendment also restricts re-pricing and cash repurchases of options without the prior approval of stockholders.
 
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Stock Options
 
In addition to stock options outstanding pursuant to the 2007 Program, the Company has stock options outstanding under previous stockholder-approved stock option programs. These programs are more fully described in Note 12 to the Company’s consolidated financial statements included in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010. No additional options may be granted pursuant to these programs.
 
Option activity under the stock option plans as of April 2, 2011 and changes during the three fiscal months then ended are presented below (number of options in thousands, contractual life in years):
 
                Weighted
          Weighted   Average
    Number   Average   Remaining
    of   Exercise   Contractual
        Options       Price       Life
Outstanding:                
January 1, 2011       1,254     $ 15.04    
Granted   -       -    
Exercised   (453 )     14.88    
Cancelled or forfeited   (34 )     14.74    
Outstanding at April 2, 2011   767     $ 15.15   3.25
                 
Vested and expected to vest                
       at April 2, 2011   767     $ 15.15   3.25
Exercisable at April 2, 2011   519     $ 15.13   1.84
 

During the three fiscal months ended April 2, 2011, 5,000 options vested. At April 2, 2011, there are 248,000 unvested options outstanding, with a weighted average grant-date fair value of $9.37 per option.
 
The pretax aggregate intrinsic value (the difference between the closing stock price on the last trading day of the first fiscal quarter of 2011 of $18.08 per share and the exercise price, multiplied by the number of in-the-money options) that would have been received by the option holders had all option holders exercised their options on April 2, 2011 is $2,249,000. This amount changes based on changes in the market value of the Company’s common stock. During the three fiscal months ended April 2, 2011, 453,000 options were exercised. The total intrinsic value of options exercised during the three fiscal months ended April 2, 2011 was approximately $1,337,000.
 
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Restricted Stock Units
 
RSU activity under the 2007 Program as of April 2, 2011 and changes during the three fiscal months then ended are presented below (number of RSUs in thousands):
 
        Weighted Average
    Number   grant date
    of   fair value
        RSUs       per unit
Outstanding:          
January 1, 2011   634   $ 9.61
Granted   392     16.93
Vested   -     -
Cancelled or forfeited   -     -
Outstanding at April 2, 2011   1,026   $ 12.41
           
Expected to vest at April 2, 2011   1,026      
 

The Company recognizes compensation cost for RSUs that are expected to vest. The Company expects all performance-based vesting criteria to be achieved. RSUs with performance-based vesting criteria are expected to vest as follows (number of RSUs in thousands):
 
Vesting Date       Number of RSUs
January 1, 2013   324
January 1, 2014   215

Phantom Stock Plan
 
The Company maintains a phantom stock plan for certain senior executives. The Phantom Stock Plan authorizes the grant of up to 300,000 phantom stock units to the extent provided for in employment agreements with the Company. Following the completion of the spin-off of VPG in 2010, the Company has such employment arrangements with three of its executives. The arrangements provide for an annual grant of 5,000 shares of phantom stock to each of these executives on the first trading day of the year. If the Company later enters into other employment arrangements with other individuals that provide for the granting of phantom stock, those individuals also will be eligible for grants under the Phantom Stock Plan. No grants may be made under the Phantom Stock Plan other than under the terms of employment arrangements with the Company. Each phantom stock unit entitles the recipient to receive a share of common stock at the individual’s termination of employment or any other future date specified in the employment agreement. The phantom stock units are fully vested at all times.
 
Phantom stock units activity under the 2007 Program as of April 2, 2011 and changes during the three fiscal months then ended are presented below (number of phantom stock units in thousands):
 
    Number   Grant date
    of   fair value
        Units       per unit
Outstanding:          
January 1, 2011   116      
Granted   15   $ 14.78
Redeemed for common stock   -      
Outstanding at April 2, 2011   131      
 

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Note 8 – Segment Information
 
In preparation for the spin-off of VPG, which was completed on July 6, 2010, the Company realigned its reportable business segments structure in the second fiscal quarter of 2010 to be consistent with changes made to its management reporting. The changes made to management reporting included separating the former Semiconductors reporting segment into MOSFETs, Diodes, and Optoelectronic Components and separating the former Passive Components reporting segment into Resistors & Inductors, Capacitors, and Vishay Precision Group. The changes were necessary due to the former Passive Components segment no longer being comparable after the completion of the spin-off of VPG, the need for discrete information regarding VPG, and the increased interest of management and outside investors in more discrete financial information. Effective beginning in the second fiscal quarter of 2010, the chief operating decision maker began making strategic and operating decisions with regards to assessing performance and allocating resources based on this new segment structure. Following the completion of the spin-off in the third fiscal quarter of 2010, the Company has five reporting segments.
 
The Company evaluates business segment performance on operating income, exclusive of certain items (“segment operating income”). Beginning in the second fiscal quarter of 2010, the Company changed its definition of segment operating income to exclude such costs as global operations, sales and marketing, information systems, finance and administration groups. These costs are managed by executives that report to the chief operating decision maker and were formerly included in segment operating income. Only dedicated, direct selling, general, and administrative expenses of the segments are included in the calculation of segment operating income. Additionally, management has always evaluated segment performance excluding items such as restructuring and severance costs, asset write-downs, goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible asset impairments, inventory write-downs, gains or losses on purchase commitments, and other items. Management believes that evaluating segment performance excluding such items is meaningful because it provides insight with respect to intrinsic operating results of the Company. These items represent reconciling items between segment operating income and consolidated operating income. Business segment assets are the owned or allocated assets used by each business.
 
Until July 6, 2010, VPG was part of Vishay and its results of operations and cash flows are included in the amounts reported in these consolidated condensed financial statements for the three fiscal months ended April 3, 2010. Excluding the non-recurring costs of the spin-off incurred by Vishay, VPG contributed $3,630,000 of income before taxes, $1,776,000 of net earnings attributable to Vishay stockholders, and $0.01 per diluted share attributable to Vishay stockholders to Vishay’s results for the three fiscal months ended April 3, 2010.
 
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Results for the fiscal quarter ended April 3, 2010 have been adjusted to reflect the new reporting segment structure. The following table sets forth business segment information (in thousands):
 
                                        Unallocated Selling,      
                                        General, and      
                Optoelectronic   Resistors &         Vishay Precision   Administrative      
      MOSFETs     Diodes     Components     Inductors     Capacitors     Group     Expenses     Total
Fiscal quarter ended April 2, 2011:                                                  
Product Sales   $     142,901   $     159,417   $ 57,706   $ 171,919   $ 161,852   $ -   $ -     $     693,795
Royalty Revenues     97     -     42     1,217     -     -     -     $ 1,356
       Total Revenue   $ 142,998   $ 159,417   $ 57,748   $ 173,136   $ 161,852   $ -   $ -     $ 695,151
Gross Margin   $ 39,439   $ 39,140   $ 19,948   $ 61,158   $ 54,978   $ -   $ -     $ 214,663
Operating Income   $ 29,410   $ 32,800   $ 16,357   $ 54,104   $ 48,333   $ -   $                (58,806 )   $ 122,198
                                                   
Fiscal quarter ended April 3, 2010:                                                  
Product Sales   $ 127,624   $ 140,246   $ 58,396   $ 147,457   $ 117,331   $ 48,175   $ -     $ 639,229
Royalty Revenues     -     -     33     1,198     -     -     -     $ 1,231
       Total Revenue   $ 127,624   $ 140,246   $ 58,429   $ 148,655   $ 117,331   $ 48,175   $ -     $ 640,460
Gross Margin   $ 27,018   $ 27,646   $ 19,656   $ 51,920   $ 23,725   $ 17,048   $ -     $ 167,013
Operating Income   $ 18,290   $ 21,835   $ 16,661   $ 45,240   $ 17,762   $ 8,078   $ (62,741 )   $ 65,125

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Note 9 – Earnings Per Share
 
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share attributable to Vishay stockholders (in thousands, except per share amounts):
 
    Fiscal quarters ended
 
      April 2, 2011       April 3, 2010
Numerator:            
Numerator for basic earnings per share:            
Net earnings   $ 75,287   $ 45,420
             
Adjustment to the numerator for continuing            
       operations and net earnings:            
              Interest savings assuming conversion of dilutive convertible            
                     and exchangeable notes, net of tax     47     43
             
Numerator for diluted earnings per share:            
       Net earnings   $ 75,334   $ 45,463
             
Denominator:            
Denominator for basic earnings per share:            
Weighted average shares     165,186     186,641
             
Effect of dilutive securities:            
       Convertible and exchangeable debt instruments     9,761     6,176
       Employee stock options     240     5
       Other     474     245
       Dilutive potential common shares     10,475     6,426
             
Denominator for diluted earnings per share:            
       Adjusted weighted average shares     175,661     193,067
             
Basic earnings per share attributable to Vishay stockholders   $ 0.46   $ 0.24
             
Diluted earnings per share attributable to Vishay stockholders   $ 0.43   $ 0.24

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Diluted earnings (loss) per share for the periods presented do not reflect the following weighted average potential common shares that would have an antidilutive effect or have unsatisfied performance conditions (in thousands):
 
    Fiscal quarters ended
        April 2, 2011       April 3, 2010
Convertible and exchangeable notes:        
       Convertible Subordinated Notes, due 2023   -   87
Weighted average employee stock options   5   2,676
Weighted average warrants   8,824   8,824
Weighted average other   36   85

In periods in which they are dilutive, if the potential common shares related to the exchangeable notes are included in the computation, the related interest savings, net of tax, assuming conversion/exchange is added to the net earnings used to compute earnings per share.
 
The Company’s convertible debt instruments are only convertible upon the occurrence of certain events. While none of these events has occurred as of April 2, 2011, certain conditions which could trigger conversion have been deemed to be non-substantive, and accordingly, the Company has always assumed the conversion of these instruments in its diluted earnings per share computation during periods in which they are dilutive.
 
At the direction of its Board of Directors, the Company intends, upon conversion, to repay the principal amount of the convertible senior debentures, due 2040, in cash and settle any additional amounts in shares of Vishay common stock. Accordingly, the debentures are included in the diluted earnings per share computation using the “treasury stock method” (similar to options and warrants) rather than the “if converted method” otherwise required for convertible debt. Under the “treasury stock method,” Vishay calculates the number of shares issuable under the terms of the notes based on the average market price of Vishay common stock during the period, and that number is included in the total diluted shares figure for the period. If the average market price is less than $13.88, no shares are included in the diluted earnings per share computation.
 
The Company purchased 99.6% of the outstanding convertible subordinated notes due 2023 pursuant to the option of the holders to require the Company to repurchase their notes on August 1, 2008. The remaining notes, with an aggregate principal amount of $1,870,000, were redeemed at Vishay’s option on August 1, 2010.
 
The Company waived its rights to settle the principal amount of the convertible subordinated notes, due 2023, in shares of Vishay common stock. Accordingly, the notes were included in the diluted earnings per share computation using the “treasury stock method” (similar to options and warrants) rather than the “if converted method” otherwise required for convertible debt. If the average market price was less than $21.28, no shares were included in the diluted earnings per share computation. The convertible subordinated notes were anti-dilutive for the fiscal quarter ended April 3, 2010 and therefore are not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share.
 
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Note 10 – Fair Value Measurements
 
The fair value measurement accounting guidance establishes a valuation hierarchy of the inputs used to measure fair value. This hierarchy prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three broad levels. The following is a brief description of those three levels:
 
Level 1: Observable inputs such as quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
 
Level 2: Inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. These include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets and quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active.
 
Level 3: Unobservable inputs that reflect the Company’s own assumptions.
 
An asset or liability’s classification within the hierarchy is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement. There have been no changes in the classification of any financial instruments within the fair value hierarchy in the periods presented.
 
The following table provides the financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value measured on a recurring basis (in thousands):
 
    Total                    
        Fair Value       Level 1       Level 2       Level 3
April 2, 2011:                            
Assets held in rabbi trusts   $      26,462     $      15,297   $      11,165   $      -  
Available for sale securities   $ 6,117       6,117     -     -  
Derivative liability   $ (258 )     -     -     (258 )
    $ 32,321     $ 21,414   $ 11,165   $ (258 )
                             
December 31, 2010:                            
Assets held in rabbi trusts   $ 25,585     $ 15,575   $ 10,010   $ -  
Available for sale securities   $ 5,736       5,736     -     -  
Derivative liability   $ (319 )     -     -     (319 )
    $ 31,002     $ 21,311   $ 10,010   $ (319 )
                             

The Company maintains non-qualified trusts, referred to as “rabbi” trusts, to fund payments under deferred compensation and non-qualified pension plans. Rabbi trust assets consist primarily of marketable securities, classified as available-for-sale and company-owned life insurance assets. The marketable securities held in the rabbi trusts are valued using quoted market prices on the last business day of the period. The company-owned life insurance assets are valued in consultation with the Company’s insurance brokers using the value of underlying assets of the insurance contracts. The fair value measurement of the marketable securities held in the rabbi trust is considered a Level 1 measurement and the measurement of the company-owned life insurance assets is considered a Level 2 measurement within the fair value hierarchy.
 
The Company holds available for sale investments in debt securities that are intended to fund a portion of its other postretirement benefit obligations outside of the U.S. The investments are valued based on quoted market prices on the last business day of the year. The fair value measurement of the investments is considered a Level 1 measurement within the fair value hierarchy.
 
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The convertible senior debentures, due 2040, issued by the Company on November 9, 2010 contain embedded derivative features that GAAP requires to be bifurcated and remeasured each reporting period. Each quarter, the change in the fair value of the embedded derivative features, if any, is recorded in the consolidated statements of operations. The Company uses a derivative valuation model to derive the value of the embedded derivative features. Key inputs into this valuation model are the Company’s current stock price, risk-free interest rates, the stock dividend yield, the stock volatility, and the debenture’s credit spread over London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR). The first three aforementioned inputs are based on observable market data and are considered Level 2 inputs while the last two aforementioned inputs are unobservable and thus require management’s judgment and are considered Level 3 inputs. The fair value measurement is considered a Level 3 measurement within the fair value hierarchy.
 
The fair value of the long-term debt, excluding the derivative liability, at April 3, 2011 and December 31, 2010 is approximately $719.7 million and $624.8 million, respectively, compared to its carrying value, excluding the derivative liability, of $431.7 million and $431.4 million, respectively. The Company estimates the fair value of its long-term debt using a combination of quoted market prices for similar financing arrangements and expected future payments discounted at risk-adjusted rates, which are considered Level 2 inputs.
 
The Company’s financial instruments include cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, accounts receivable, long-term notes receivable, short-term notes payable, and accounts payable. The carrying amounts for these financial instruments reported in the consolidated balance sheets approximate their fair values.
 
23
 

 

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
 
Overview
 
Vishay Intertechnology, Inc. is a global manufacturer and supplier of discrete semiconductors and passive electronic components, including power MOSFETs, power integrated circuits, transistors, diodes, optoelectronic components, resistors, capacitors, and inductors. Discrete semiconductors and passive electronic components manufactured by Vishay are used in virtually all types of electronic products, including those in the industrial, computer, automotive, consumer electronic products, telecommunications, power supplies, military/aerospace, and medical industries.
 
On July 6, 2010, we completed the spin-off of Vishay Precision Group, Inc. (“VPG”) through a tax-free stock dividend to our stockholders. Our common stockholders received 1 share of VPG common stock for every 14 shares of Vishay common stock they held on the record date, June 25, 2010, and our Class B common stockholders received 1 share of VPG Class B common stock for every 14 shares of Vishay Class B common stock they held on the record date. Until July 6, 2010, VPG was part of Vishay and its results of operations and cash flows are included in the balances reported in the accompanying consolidated condensed financial statements for periods prior to the spin-off.
 
Prior to the completion of the spin-off of VPG, we operated in six product segments, MOSFETs, Diodes, Optoelectronic Components, Resistors & Inductors, Capacitors, and Vishay Precision Group. Following the spin-off we operate in five product segments.
 
Since 1985, we have pursued a business strategy of growth through acquisitions and focused research and development. Through this strategy, we have grown to become one of the world’s largest manufacturers of discrete semiconductors and passive electronic components. We expect to continue our strategy of acquisitions while also maintaining a prudent capital structure.
 
We are focused on enhancing stockholder value by buying back our stock and improving earnings per share. In the fourth fiscal quarter of 2010, we completed the repurchase of 21.7 million shares of our common stock for $275 million. Should circumstances be advantageous, we would consider another stock buy-back.
 
Our business and operating results have been and will continue to be impacted by worldwide economic conditions. Our revenues are dependent on end markets that are impacted by consumer and industrial demand, and our operating results can be adversely affected by reduced demand in those global markets. For several years, we implemented aggressive cost reduction programs. We continue to monitor the current environment and its potential effects on our customers and the end markets that we serve. Additionally, we continue to closely monitor our costs, inventory, and capital resources to respond to changing conditions and to ensure we have the management, business processes, and resources to meet our future needs. See additional information regarding our competitive strengths and key challenges as disclosed in Part 1 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission ( the “SEC”) on February 25, 2011.
 
We utilize several financial metrics, including net revenues, gross profit margin, segment operating income, end-of-period backlog, book-to-bill ratio, inventory turnover, change in average selling prices, net cash and short-term investments (debt), and free cash generation to evaluate the performance and assess the future direction of our business. (See further discussion in “Financial Metrics” and “Financial Condition, Liquidity, and Capital Resources.”) The improvement in economic conditions that we continue to experience has increased overall demand for our products and the effects of the cost reductions initiated in prior years has resulted in overall improvements in nearly all key financial metrics over the prior year period.
 
Net revenues for the fiscal quarter ended April 2, 2011 were $695.2 million, compared to $640.5 million for the fiscal quarter ended April 3, 2010. The net earnings attributable to Vishay stockholders for the fiscal quarter ended April 2, 2011 were $75.3 million, or $0.43 per diluted share, compared to $45.4 million, or $0.24 per diluted share for the fiscal quarter ended April 3, 2010.
 
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The net earnings attributable to Vishay stockholders for the fiscal quarter ended April 2, 2011 includes a one-time tax expense of approximately $10 million, related to the write-down of deferred tax assets in Israel to reflect the lower corporate income tax rate enacted in January 2011 on certain types of income earned after December 31, 2010. The reconciliation below includes certain financial measures which are not recognized in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”), including adjusted net earnings and adjusted net earnings per share. These non-GAAP measures should not be viewed as an alternative to GAAP measures of performance. Non-GAAP measures such as adjusted net earnings and adjusted net earnings per share do not have uniform definitions. These measures, as calculated by Vishay, may not be comparable to similarly titled measures used by other companies. Management believes that these measures are meaningful because they provide insight with respect to our intrinsic operating results. Reconciling items to arrive at adjusted net earnings represent significant charges or credits that are important to understanding our intrinsic operations. There were no such reconciling items for the fiscal quarter ended April 3, 2010.
 
The items affecting comparability are (in thousands, except per share amounts):
 
    Fiscal quarters ended
        April 2, 2011       April 3, 2010
GAAP net earnings attributable to Vishay stockholders   $      75,287   $      45,420
             
Reconciling items affecting tax expense:            
One-time tax expense   $ 10,024   $ -
             
Adjusted net earnings   $ 85,311   $ 45,420
             
Adjusted weighted average diluted shares outstanding     175,661     193,067
             
Adjusted earnings per diluted share *   $ 0.49   $ 0.24
____________________
 
* Includes add-back of interest on exchangeable notes in periods where the notes are dilutive.
 
Our results for the fiscal quarter ended April 2, 2011 represent the continuation of a favorable business environment with sales normalizing at pre-global economic recession levels and the effects of the cost reductions initiated in the prior years enabling us to achieve significantly higher earnings than before the beginning of the global economic recession at the same sales volume. Our results for the fiscal quarter ended April 3, 2010 represent the acceleration of the upturn of our business due to increased overall demand for electronic components over previous periods and the effects of the cost reductions initiated in the prior years that enabled us to achieve higher earnings than before the beginning of the global economic recession despite lower sales volume.
 
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Financial Metrics
 
We utilize several financial metrics to evaluate the performance and assess the future direction of our business. These key financial measures and metrics include net revenues, gross profit margin, operating margin, segment operating income, end-of-period backlog, and the book-to-bill ratio. We also monitor changes in inventory turnover and average selling prices (“ASP”).
 
Gross profit margin is computed as gross profit as a percentage of net revenues. Gross profit is generally net revenues less costs of products sold, but also deducts certain other period costs, particularly losses on purchase commitments and inventory write-downs. Losses on purchase commitments and inventory write-downs have the impact of reducing gross profit margin in the period of the charge, but result in improved gross profit margins in subsequent periods by reducing costs of products sold as inventory is used. Gross profit margin is clearly a function of net revenues, but also reflects our cost management programs and our ability to contain fixed costs.
 
Operating margin is computed as gross profit less operating expenses as a percentage of net revenues. We evaluate business segment performance on segment operating margin. Only dedicated, direct selling, general, and administrative expenses of the segments are included in the calculation of segment operating income. Segment operating margin is computed as operating income less items such as restructuring and severance costs, asset write-downs, goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible asset impairments, inventory write-downs, gain or losses on purchase commitments, global operations, sales and marketing, information systems, finance and administrative groups, and other items, expressed as a percentage of net revenues. We believe that evaluating segment performance excluding such items is meaningful because it provides insight with respect to intrinsic operating results of the segment. Operating margin is clearly a function of net revenues, but also reflects our cost management programs and our ability to contain fixed costs.
 
End-of-period backlog is one indicator of future revenues. We include in our backlog only open orders that we expect to ship in the next twelve months. If demand falls below customers’ forecasts, or if customers do not control their inventory effectively, they may cancel or reschedule the shipments that are included in our backlog, in many instances without the payment of any penalty. Therefore, the backlog is not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for future periods.
 
An important indicator of demand in our industry is the book-to-bill ratio, which is the ratio of the amount of product ordered during a period as compared with the product that we ship during that period. A book-to-bill ratio that is greater than one indicates that our backlog is building and that we are likely to see increasing revenues in future periods. Conversely, a book-to-bill ratio that is less than one is an indicator of declining demand and may foretell declining revenues.
 
We focus on our inventory turnover as a measure of how well we are managing our inventory. We define inventory turnover for a financial reporting period as our costs of products sold for the four fiscal quarters ending on the last day of the reporting period divided by our average inventory for this same period. A higher level of inventory turnover reflects more efficient use of our capital.
 
Pricing in our industry can be volatile. We analyze trends and changes in average selling prices to evaluate likely future pricing. The erosion of average selling prices of established products is typical for semiconductor products. We attempt to offset this deterioration with ongoing cost reduction activities and new product introductions. Our specialty passive components are more resistant to average selling price erosion.
 
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The quarter-to-quarter trends in these financial metrics can also be an important indicator of the likely direction of our business. The following table shows net revenues, gross profit margin, operating margin, end-of-period backlog, book-to-bill ratio, inventory turnover, and changes in ASP for our business as a whole during the five fiscal quarters beginning with the first fiscal quarter of 2010 through the first fiscal quarter of 2011 (dollars in thousands):
 
        1st Quarter       2nd Quarter       3rd Quarter       4th Quarter       1st Quarter
    2010   2010   2010   2010   2011
Net revenues (1)   $      640,460   $      701,655   $      694,365   $      688,612   $      695,151
                               
Gross profit margin     26.1%     30.0%     31.5%     30.7%     30.9%
                               
Operating margin     10.2%     14.4%     18.9%     17.5%     17.6%
                               
End-of-period backlog (2)   $ 907,700   $ 987,900   $ 1,009,900   $ 880,700   $ 911,600
                               
Book-to-bill ratio     1.46     1.15     1.04     0.83     1.01
                               
Inventory turnover     4.22     4.35     4.55     4.43     4.35
                               
Change in ASP vs. prior quarter     -0.5%     1.9%     2.0%     1.3%     -0.2%
____________________
 
(1) Net revenues include VPG through the second fiscal quarter of 2010. See “Financial Metrics by Segment” for further information on VPG net revenues.
 
(2) End-of-period backlog includes backlog attributable to VPG of $36.2 million and $38.4 million for the first and second fiscal quarters of 2010, respectively.
 
See “Financial Metrics by Segment” below for net revenues, book-to-bill ratio, and gross profit margin broken out by segment.
 
We experienced the continuation of an excellent business environment in the first fiscal quarter of 2011 with results mirroring those of the fourth fiscal quarter of 2010. Better than anticipated order activity has led to an increase in the book-to-bill ratio and backlog, which remains at historically high levels after a phase of adjustment appears to have ended. After a period of increasing average selling prices in 2010, prices are stabilizing with typical pricing pressure for our established semiconductor products returning. Despite the slight decline in average selling prices versus the fourth fiscal quarter of 2010, average selling prices remain moderately higher versus the prior year period. The favorable pricing environment and continued high levels of overall market demand for electronic components allowed us to increase net revenues over the prior year period and the previous quarters, excluding VPG. Net revenues exclusive of VPG for the first and second fiscal quarters of 2010 were $592.3 and $648.7 million, respectively.
 
Due to the pre-crisis sales volume, favorable pricing environment, and continued low fixed costs resulting from the restructuring implemented in prior years and our on-going cost controlling initiatives, gross margins remained at historically high levels.
 
Due in part to the better than anticipated order activity, the book-to-bill ratio increased to 1.01 in the first fiscal quarter of 2011 from 0.83 in the fourth fiscal quarter of 2010. The book-to-bill ratios for distributors and original equipment manufacturers (“OEM”) were 0.99 and 1.04, respectively, versus ratios of 0.71 and 0.97, respectively, during the fourth fiscal quarter of 2010. Due to a book-to-bill ratio over 1.0 and historically high backlogs, we expect our current revenue trends to continue.
 
For the second fiscal quarter of 2011, we anticipate revenues of between $695 million and $735 million at performance levels close to those of the first fiscal quarter of 2011.
 
27
 

 

Financial Metrics by Segment
 
The following table shows net revenues, book-to-bill ratio, gross profit margin, and segment operating margin broken out by segment for the five fiscal quarters beginning with the first fiscal quarter of 2010 through the first fiscal quarter of 2011 (dollars in thousands):
 
    1st Quarter   2nd Quarter   3rd Quarter   4th Quarter   1st Quarter
        2010       2010       2010       2010       2011
MOSFETs                              
Net revenues   $      127,624   $      153,255   $      181,965   $      163,854   $      142,998
Book-to-bill ratio     1.65     0.75     1.17     0.70     1.07
Gross profit margin     21.2%     30.6%     34.5%     32.0%     27.6%
Segment operating margin     14.3%     24.7%     29.6%     26.1%     20.6%
Diodes                              
Net revenues   $ 140,246   $ 151,026   $ 157,193   $ 147,889   $ 159,417
Book-to-bill ratio     1.63     1.35     0.91     0.88     1.00
Gross profit margin     19.7%     23.7%     25.5%     23.5%     24.6%
Segment operating margin     15.6%     19.9%     21.9%     19.5%     20.6%
Optoelectronic Components                              
Net revenues   $ 58,429   $ 57,684   $ 56,836   $ 53,549   $ 57,748
Book-to-bill ratio     1.25     1.26     0.86     0.99     1.13
Gross profit margin     33.6%     35.2%     33.9%     31.0%     34.5%
Segment operating margin     28.5%     30.3%     29.1%     25.1%     28.3%
Resistors & Inductors                              
Net revenues   $ 148,655   $ 153,430   $ 158,455   $ 167,764   $ 173,136
Book-to-bill ratio     1.26     1.22     1.01     0.84     0.94
Gross profit margin     34.9%     36.0%     35.3%     35.8%     35.3%
Segment operating margin     30.4%     31.6%     30.7%     31.8%     31.2%
Capacitors                              
Net revenues   $ 117,331   $ 133,346   $ 139,916   $ 155,556   $ 161,852
Book-to-bill ratio     1.54     1.31     1.11     0.85     1.00
Gross profit margin     20.2%     24.4%     28.9%     30.6%     34.0%
Segment operating margin     15.1%     20.3%     25.3%     26.6%     29.9%
Vishay Precision Group                              
Net revenues   $ 48,175   $ 52,914     n/a     n/a     n/a
Book-to-bill ratio     1.12     1.06     n/a     n/a     n/a
Gross profit margin     35.4%     37.8%     n/a     n/a     n/a
Segment operating margin     16.8%     20.5%     n/a     n/a     n/a
____________________
 
28
 

 

Acquisition and Divestiture Activity
 
As part of our growth strategy, we seek to expand through targeted acquisitions of other manufacturers of electronic components that have established positions in major markets, reputations for product quality and reliability, and product lines with which we have substantial marketing and technical expertise. This includes exploring opportunities to acquire targets to gain market share, penetrate different geographic markets, enhance new product development, round out our product lines, or grow our high margin niche market businesses. Acquisitions of passive components businesses would likely be made to strengthen and broaden our position as a specialty product supplier; acquisitions of discrete semiconductor businesses would be made to increase market share and to generate synergies. To limit our financial exposure, we have implemented a policy not to pursue acquisitions if our post-acquisition debt would exceed 2.5x our pro forma earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization (“EBITDA”). For these purposes, we will calculate pro forma EBITDA as the adjusted EBITDA of Vishay and the target for Vishay’s four preceding fiscal quarters, with a pro forma adjustment for savings which management estimates would have been achieved had the target been acquired by Vishay at the beginning of the four fiscal quarter period.
 
We did not announce or complete any acquisitions in 2010 or the first fiscal quarter of 2011. There is no assurance that we will be able to identify and acquire suitable acquisition candidates at price levels and on terms and conditions we consider acceptable.
 
Spin-off of Vishay Precision Group, Inc.
 
On October 27, 2009, we announced that we intended to spin off our measurements and foil resistors businesses into an independent, publicly-traded company to be named Vishay Precision Group, Inc.
 
On July 6, 2010, we completed the spin-off through a tax-free stock dividend to our stockholders. Our common stockholders received 1 share of VPG common stock for every 14 shares of Vishay common stock they held on the record date, June 25, 2010, and our Class B common stockholders received 1 share of VPG Class B common stock for every 14 shares of Vishay Class B common stock they held on the record date.
 
Until July 6, 2010, VPG was part of Vishay and its results of operations and cash flows are included in the balances reported in the accompanying consolidated condensed financial statements for periods prior to the spin-off. The product lines that comprise VPG are included in the VPG reporting segment. See Note 8 to our accompanying consolidated condensed financial statements for further information on the effect that VPG had on our consolidated results.
 
29
 

 

Cost Management
 
We place a strong emphasis on controlling our costs.
 
The erosion of average selling prices of established products, particularly our semiconductor products, that is typical of our industry and inflation drive us to continually seek ways to reduce our variable costs. Our variable cost reduction efforts include expending capital to increase automation and maximize the efficiency in our production facilities, consolidating materials purchasing across regions and divisions to achieve economies of scale, materials substitution, maintaining an appropriate mix of in-house production and subcontractor production, increasing wafer size and shrinking dies to maximize efficiency in our semiconductor production processes, and other yield improvement activities.
 
Our cost management strategy also includes a focus on controlling fixed costs. After the spin-off of VPG, we seek to maintain selling, general, and administrative expenses at current quarterly levels, excluding foreign currency exchange effects and substantially independent of sales volume changes. Our fixed cost control efforts include automating administrative processes through the expansion of IT systems, gradually migrating to common IT systems across our organization, streamlining our legal entity structure, and reducing our external resource needs by utilizing more cost-effective in-house personnel, while utilizing external resources when day-to-day expertise is not required in-house.
 
Historically, our primary cost reduction technique was through the transfer of production to the extent possible from high-labor-cost countries, such as the United States and Western Europe, to lower-labor-cost countries, such as the Czech Republic, Israel, India, Malaysia, Mexico, the People’s Republic of China, and the Philippines. The percentage of our total headcount in lower-labor-cost countries is a measure of the extent to which we were successful in implementing this program. This percentage was 76.5% at the end of the first fiscal quarter of 2011 as compared to 76.5% and 74.6% at the end of 2010 and 2009, respectively, and 57% when this program began in 2001. We believe that our workforce is now appropriately located to serve our customers, while maintaining lower manufacturing costs.
 
Between 2001 and 2007, we recorded, in the consolidated statements of operations, restructuring and severance costs totaling $223 million and related asset write-downs totaling $81 million in order to reduce our cost structure going forward. We also incurred significant costs to restructure and integrate acquired businesses, which was included in the cost of the acquisitions under then-applicable GAAP.
 
In response to the economic downturn which began during the latter half of 2008 and continued into 2009, we undertook significant measures to cut costs. This included a strict adaptation of manufacturing capacity to sellable volume, limiting the building of product for inventory, headcount reductions in virtually every facility and every country in which we operated, temporary layoffs and shutdowns, minimizing the use of foundries and subcontractors in order to maximize the load of our owned facilities, as well as selected plant closures. We closed two facilities in the United States and consolidated manufacturing for these product lines into other facilities. We also consolidated our optoelectronics packaging facilities in Asia. We successfully closed a film capacitor plant in Shanghai and increased production on existing equipment in Loni, India to replace the production volume of the closed plant.
 
We incurred restructuring and severance costs of $62.5 million during the year ended December 31, 2008, including $28.6 million during the fourth fiscal quarter of 2008, and incurred additional restructuring and severance costs of $37.9 million during the year ended December 31, 2009. These costs were incurred as part of our goal to reduce manufacturing and SG&A fixed costs in 2009 by $200 million compared to the year ended December 31, 2008 in response to the global economic downturn. Our fixed costs for the year ended December 31, 2009 decreased by $176 million versus the comparable prior year. Of these amounts, approximately 45% reduced costs of products sold and approximately 55% reduced SG&A expenses. Some of our cost reductions realized in 2009 were the result of temporary measures, which we replaced with more permanent actions, and certain components of our costs, while fixed in that they do not vary with changes in volume, are subject to volatility. This would include, for example, the effect of certain assets that are marked-to-market through the statement of operations, and certain transactions in foreign currencies. Accordingly, there is no assurance that all of the cost reductions achieved in 2009 will be maintained in future periods.
 
30
 

 

We have realized, and expect to continue to realize, significant annual net cost savings associated with our restructuring activities. Since the latter half of 2008, we drastically reduced our break-even point by approximately $450 million. While streamlining and reducing fixed overhead, we exercised caution so that we will not negatively impact our customer service or our ability to further develop products and processes. The risks associated with our cost reduction programs are further detailed in Item 1A, “Risk Factors” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010 filed with the SEC on February 25, 2011.
 
We did not initiate any new restructuring projects in 2010 or the first fiscal quarter of 2011 and thus did not record any restructuring and severance expenses during the periods.
 
Because we believe that our manufacturing footprint is suitable to serve our customers and end markets, we do not anticipate any material restructuring expenses in 2011. However, the recurrence of a significant economic downturn may require us to implement additional restructuring initiatives.
 
Our long-term strategy is to grow through the integration of acquired businesses, and GAAP requires plant closure and employee termination costs that we incur in connection with our acquisition activities to be recorded as expenses in our consolidated statement of operations, as such expenses are incurred. For this reason, we expect to have some level of future restructuring expenses if we were to complete an acquisition.
 
31
 

 

Foreign Currency Translation
 
We are exposed to foreign currency exchange rate risks, particularly due to transactions in currencies other than the functional currencies of certain subsidiaries. While we have in the past used forward exchange contracts to hedge a portion of our projected cash flows from these exposures, we generally have not done so in recent periods.
 
GAAP requires that we identify the “functional currency” of each of our subsidiaries and measure all elements of the financial statements in that functional currency. A subsidiary’s functional currency is the currency of the primary economic environment in which it operates. In cases where a subsidiary is relatively self-contained within a particular country, the local currency is generally deemed to be the functional currency. However, a foreign subsidiary that is a direct and integral component or extension of the parent company’s operations generally would have the parent company’s currency as its functional currency. We have both situations among our subsidiaries.
 
Foreign Subsidiaries which use the Local Currency as the Functional Currency
 
We finance our operations in Europe and certain locations in Asia in local currencies, and accordingly, these subsidiaries utilize the local currency as their functional currency. For those subsidiaries where the local currency is the functional currency, assets and liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets have been translated at the rate of exchange as of the balance sheet date. Translation adjustments do not impact the results of operations and are reported as a separate component of stockholders’ equity.
 
For those subsidiaries where the local currency is the functional currency, revenues and expenses are translated at the average exchange rate for the year. While the translation of revenues and expenses into U.S. dollars does not directly impact the statement of operations, the translation effectively increases or decreases the U.S. dollar equivalent of revenues generated and expenses incurred in those foreign currencies. The dollar generally has been stronger during the first fiscal quarter of 2011 compared to the first fiscal quarter of 2010, with the translation of foreign currency revenues and expenses into U.S. dollars decreasing reported revenues and expenses versus the comparable prior year period. The dollar generally has been stable during the first fiscal quarter of 2011 sequentially compared to the prior fiscal quarter, with the translation of foreign currency revenues and expenses into U.S. dollars having no material effect on reported revenues and expenses versus the prior fiscal quarter.
 
Foreign Subsidiaries which use the U.S. Dollar as the Functional Currency
 
Our operations in Israel and most significant locations in Asia are largely financed in U.S. dollars, and accordingly, these subsidiaries utilize the U.S. dollar as their functional currency. For those foreign subsidiaries where the U.S. dollar is the functional currency, all foreign currency financial statement amounts are remeasured into U.S. dollars. Exchange gains and losses arising from remeasurement of foreign currency-denominated monetary assets and liabilities are included in the results of operations. While these subsidiaries transact most business in U.S. dollars, they may have significant costs, particularly payroll-related, which are incurred in the local currency. The cost of products sold and selling, general, and administrative expense for first fiscal quarter of 2011 have been slightly unfavorably impacted (compared to the prior year period) by local currency transactions of subsidiaries which use the U.S. dollar as their functional currency.
 
32
 

 

Results of Operations
 
Statement of operations’ captions as a percentage of net revenues and the effective tax rates were as follows:
 
  Fiscal quarters ended
  April 2, 2011       April 3, 2010
Cost of products sold                69.1 %                  73.9 %
Gross profit 30.9 %   26.1 %
Selling, general & administrative expenses 13.3 %   15.9 %
Operating income 17.6 %   10.2 %
Income before taxes and noncontrolling interest 16.9 %   9.8 %
Net earnings attributable to Vishay stockholders 10.8 %   7.1 %
__________          
Effective tax rate 35.7 %   27.3 %

Net Revenues
 
Net revenues were as follows (dollars in thousands):
 
        Fiscal quarters ended
    April 2, 2011       April 3, 2010
Net revenues   $      695,151   $      640,460
Change versus comparable prior year period   $ 54,691      
Percentage change versus            
       comparable prior year period     8.5%      

Changes in net revenues were attributable to the following:
 
        vs. Prior Year
    Quarter
Change attributable to:      
Increase in volume                  11.0 %
Increase in average selling prices   5.1 %
Absence of VPG   -7.5 %
Foreign currency effects   -0.4 %
Other   0.3 %
Net change   8.5 %
       
The recovery of our business that we began experiencing in the second half of 2009 accelerated in the first fiscal quarter of 2010 due to increased overall demand for electronic components and the effects of the cost reductions initiated in the prior year that enabled us to achieve higher earnings than before the beginning of the global economic recession despite lower sales volume. Our results for the fiscal quarter ended April 2, 2011 represent the continuation of a favorable business environment with sales normalizing at pre-global economic recession levels and the effects of the cost reductions initiated in prior years enabling us to achieve significantly higher earnings than before the beginning of the global economic recession at the same sales volume.
 
33
 


 

We deduct, from the sales that we record to distributors, allowances for future credits that we expect to provide for returns, scrapped product, and price adjustments under various programs made available to the distributors. We make deductions corresponding to particular sales in the period in which the sales are made, although the corresponding credits may not be issued until future periods. We estimate the deductions based on sales levels to distributors, inventory levels at the distributors, current and projected market trends and conditions, recent and historical activity under the relevant programs, changes in program policies, and open requests for credits. We recorded deductions from gross sales under our distributor incentive programs of $21.0 million and $19.1 million for the three fiscal months ended April 2, 2011 and April 3, 2010 respectively, or 2.9% and 2.9% of gross sales, respectively. Actual credits issued under the programs during the three fiscal months ended April 2, 2011 and April 3, 2010 were $18.4 million and $13.8 million, respectively. Increases and decreases in these incentives are largely attributable to the then-current business climate.
 
Royalty revenues, included in net revenues on the consolidated condensed statements of operations, were approximately $1.4 million and $1.2 million for the three fiscal months ended April 2, 2011 and April 3, 2010, respectively.
 
Gross Profit and Margins
 
Gross profit margins for the fiscal quarter ended April 2, 2011 were 30.9%, versus 26.1% for the comparable prior year period. The gross profit margin for the three fiscal months ended April 3, 2010 was 25.3%, excluding VPG. The increase in gross profit margin reflects manufacturing efficiencies from higher volume, increased average selling prices, and the effects of our fixed cost reduction programs initiated in prior years.
 
Segments
 
Analysis of revenues and gross profit margins for our segments is provided below.
 
MOSFETs
 
Net revenues of the MOSFETs segment were as follows (dollars in thousands):
 
  Fiscal quarters ended
  April 2, 2011       April 3, 2010
Net revenues $      142,998   $      127,624
Change versus comparable prior year period $ 15,374      
Percentage change versus          
       comparable prior year period   12.0%      

Changes in MOSFETs segment net revenues were attributable to the following:
 
        vs. Prior Year
    Quarter
Change attributable to:      
Increase in volume   7.2 %
Increase in average selling prices   4.4 %
Foreign currency effects   -0.2 %
Other   0.6 %
Net change   12.0 %
       
34
 

 

Gross profit as a percentage of net revenues for the MOSFETs segment was as follows:
 
  Fiscal quarters ended
  April 2, 2011       April 3, 2010
Gross profit margin                27.6 %                 21.2 %

The increase in gross profit margin reflects higher volume, increased average selling prices, and the effects of our fixed cost reduction programs initiated in prior years. The gross profit margin decreased versus the fourth fiscal quarter of 2010 primarily due to seasonally weaker sales volume.
 
Following a phase of adjustment that began in the second half of 2010, the backlog increased substantially in the first fiscal quarter of 2011. After a period of increasing average selling prices in 2010, typical pricing pressure for our established MOSFETs products has returned. Despite the decline in average selling prices versus the fourth fiscal quarter of 2010, average selling prices remain moderately higher versus the first fiscal quarter of 2010. Based on a book-to-bill ratio of 1.07 and a high backlog, we expect an increase in segment net revenues in the second fiscal quarter of 2011.
 
Diodes
 
Net revenues of the Diodes segment were as follows (dollars in thousands):
 
  Fiscal quarters ended
  April 2, 2011       April 3, 2010
Net revenues $      159,417   $      140,246
Change versus comparable prior year period $ 19,171      
Percentage change versus          
       comparable prior year period   13.7%      

Changes in Diodes segment net revenues were attributable to the following:
 
  vs. Prior Year
  Quarter
Change attributable to:    
Increase in volume                   7.8 %
Increase in average selling prices 5.3 %
Foreign currency effects -0.2 %
Other 0.8 %
Net change 13.7 %
     
Gross profit as a percentage of net revenues for the Diodes segment was as follows:
 
  Fiscal quarters ended
  April 2, 2011       April 3, 2010
Gross profit margin               24.6 %                 19.7 %

The increase in gross profit margin reflects higher volume, increased average selling prices, and the effects of our fixed cost reduction programs initiated in prior years.
 
35
 

 

Following a phase of adjustment that began in the second half of 2010, the backlog has stabilized on a high level in the first fiscal quarter of 2011. After a period of increasing average selling prices in 2010, typical pricing pressure for our established Diodes products has returned. Despite a modest decline in average selling prices versus the fourth fiscal quarter of 2010, average selling prices remain moderately higher versus the first fiscal quarter of 2010. Based on a book-to-bill ratio of 1.0 and a high backlog, we expect an increase in segment net revenues in the second fiscal quarter of 2011.
 
Optoelectronic Components
 
Net revenues of the Optoelectronic Components segment were as follows (dollars in thousands):
 
  Fiscal quarters ended
  April 2, 2011       April 3, 2010
Net revenues $             57,748     $      58,429
Change versus comparable prior year period $ (681 )      
Percentage change versus            
       comparable prior year period   -1.2%        

Changes in Optoelectronic Components segment net revenues were attributable to the following:
 
  vs. Prior Year
  Quarter
Change attributable to:    
Decrease in volume                 -0.8 %
Increase in average selling prices 0.1 %
Foreign currency effects -0.5 %
Net change -1.2 %
     
Gross profit as a percentage of net revenues for the Optoelectronic Components segment was as follows:
 
  Fiscal quarters ended
  April 2, 2011        April 3, 2010
Gross profit margin               34.5 %                 33.6 %

The increase in gross profit margin reflects the effects of our fixed cost reduction programs initiated in prior periods, partially offset by modestly lower volume and foreign currency effects.
 
Due to a quarter of high order volume, the backlog continued to increase to a historically high level in the first fiscal quarter of 2011. After a period of increasing average selling prices in 2010, typical pricing pressure for our established Optoelectronic Components products has returned. Despite a decline in average selling prices versus the fourth fiscal quarter of 2010, average selling prices remain modestly higher versus the first fiscal quarter of 2010. Based on a book-to-bill ratio of 1.13 and a high backlog, we continue to expect strong segment net revenues in the second fiscal quarter of 2011.
 
36
 

 

Resistors & Inductors
 
Net revenues of the Resistors & Inductors segment were as follows (dollars in thousands):
 
  Fiscal quarters ended
  April 2, 2011       April 3, 2010
Net revenues $      173,136   $      148,655
Change versus comparable prior year period $ 24,481      
Percentage change versus          
       comparable prior year period   16.5%      

Changes in Resistors & Inductors segment net revenues were attributable to the following:
 
  vs. Prior Year
  Quarter
Change attributable to:    
Increase in volume                 15.9 %
Increase in average selling prices 0.4 %
Foreign currency effects -0.7 %
Other 0.9 %
Net change 16.5 %
     
Gross profit as a percentage of net revenues for the Resistors & Inductors segment was as follows:
 
  Fiscal quarters ended
  April 2, 2011       April 3, 2010
Gross profit margin               35.3 %                 34.9 %

The increase in gross profit margin reflects significantly higher volume, the effects of our fixed cost reduction programs initiated in prior years, slightly higher average selling prices, and improved product mix, partially offset by foreign currency effects.
 
Although the backlog adjustment that began in the second half of 2010 continued in the first fiscal quarter of 2011, the backlog remains high. Average selling prices remain relatively stable versus the fourth and first fiscal quarters of 2010. Based on continued strong demand from the automotive and industrial markets and backlog that remains high, we continue to expect strong segment net revenues in the second fiscal quarter of 2011 despite a book-to-bill ratio of 0.94.
 
Capacitors
 
Net revenues of the Capacitors segment were as follows (dollars in thousands):
 
  Fiscal quarters ended
  April 2, 2011       April 3, 2010
Net revenues $      161,852   $      117,331
Change versus comparable prior year period $ 44,521      
Percentage change versus          
       comparable prior year period   37.9%      

37
 

 

Changes in Capacitors segment net revenues were attributable to the following:
 
  vs. Prior Year
  Quarter
Change attributable to:    
Increase in volume                20.1 %
Increase in average selling prices 13.3 %
Foreign currency effects -0.9 %
Other 5.4 %
Net change 37.9 %
     
Gross profit as a percentage of net revenues for the Capacitors segment was as follows:
 
  Fiscal quarters ended
  April 2, 2011        April 3, 2010
Gross profit margin                 34.0 %                 20.2 %

Significantly higher volume, selective increases in average selling prices, a favorable product mix, and the effects of our fixed cost reduction programs initiated in prior years, partially offset by foreign currency effects, have led to the highest gross margin results for the Capacitors segment in recent history.
 
The backlog for our Capacitors products remains stable at a historically high level. Continued strong demand, shortages of supply, and customer requested expedites have led to substantial price increases versus the fourth and first fiscal quarters of 2010. Based on continued strong demand from the automotive and industrial markets, a backlog that remains high, and a book-to-bill ratio of 1.0, we continue to expect strong segment net revenues in the second fiscal quarter of 2011.
 
Vishay Precision Group
 
We completed the spin-off of VPG on July 6, 2010. VPG net revenues and gross profit margin for the first fiscal quarter of 2010 that is included in our consolidated condensed results is as follows (dollars in thousands):
 
  Fiscal quarter ended
  April 3, 2010
Net revenues $      48,175
Gross profit margin   35.4%

38
 

 

Selling, General, and Administrative Expenses
 
Selling, general, and administrative expenses are summarized as follows (dollars in thousands):
 
  Fiscal quarters ended
  April 2, 2011       April 3, 2010
Total SG&A expenses $      92,465   $      101,888
       as a percentage of revenues   13.3%     15.9%

VPG accounted for $15.3 million (including $2.1 million of costs associated with the spin-off) of SG&A expenses for the fiscal period ended April 3, 2010. The overall increase in SG&A expenses, excluding VPG, is primarily attributable to increases in earnings, which affects bonus programs. The decrease in SG&A as a percentage of revenues is primarily due to the increase in revenues and the effects of our cost containment initiatives. Additionally, several items included in SG&A expenses impact the comparability of these amounts, as summarized below (in thousands):
 
  Fiscal quarters ended
  April 2, 2011       April 3, 2010
Amortization of intangible assets $              3,769     $              5,529  
Net (gain) loss on sales of assets   (959 )     (68 )
Costs associated with the VPG spin-off   -       2,100  

Other Income (Expense)
 
Interest expense for the fiscal quarter ended April 2, 2011 increased by $1.6 million versus the comparable prior year period. The increase is primarily due to interest on the convertible senior debentures due 2040 that were issued on November 9, 2010.
 
The following tables analyze the components of the line “Other” on the consolidated condensed statements of operations (in thousands):
 
  Fiscal quarters ended        
  April 2, 2011       April 3, 2010       Change
Foreign exchange gain (loss) $           (1,865 )   $      (475 )   $      (1,390 )
Interest income   1,476       672       804  
Other   (118 )              (153 )     35  
  $ (507 )   $ 44     $ (551 )
                       
39
 

 

Income Taxes
 
For the fiscal quarter ended April 2, 2011, the effective tax rate was 35.7% as compared to 27.3% for the fiscal quarter ended April 3, 2010. The effective tax rate is generally less than the U.S. statutory rate primarily because of earnings in foreign jurisdictions. For the fiscal quarter ended April 2, 2011, the effective tax rate is higher than the U.S. statutory rate because it includes a one-time tax expense in Israel of approximately $10 million.
 
In January 2011, a new tax law was enacted in Israel which effectively lowered the corporate income tax rate on certain types of income earned after December 31, 2010. Accordingly, our deferred tax assets in Israel were written down to reflect the lower rate and a one-time tax expense of approximately $10 million was recorded in the consolidated condensed statement of operations during the three fiscal months ended April 2, 2011.
 
We operate in a global environment with significant operations in various locations outside the United States. Accordingly, the consolidated income tax rate is a composite rate reflecting our earnings and the applicable tax rates in the various locations where we operate. Part of our strategy is to achieve cost savings through the transfer and expansion of manufacturing operations to countries where we can take advantage of lower labor costs and available tax and other government-sponsored incentives. Accordingly, our effective tax rate is generally less than the U.S. statutory tax rate. Changes in the effective tax rate are largely attributable to changes in the mix of pretax income among our various taxing jurisdictions.
 
During the three fiscal months ended April 2, 2011, the liabilities for unrecognized tax benefits increased by $2.2 million on a net basis, principally due to increases for positions taken during prior periods, interest, and foreign exchange effects.
 
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Financial Condition, Liquidity, and Capital Resources
 
We focus on our ability to generate cash flows from operations. The cash generated from operations is used to fund our capital expenditure plans, and cash in excess of our capital expenditure needs is available to fund our acquisition strategy and to reduce debt levels. We have generated cash flows from operations in excess of $200 million in each of the past 9 years, and cash flows from operations in excess of $100 million in each of the past 16 years. A portion of the cash flows from operations was generated by the Vishay Precision Group which was spun off on July 6, 2010.
 
We refer to the amount of cash generated from operations in excess of our capital expenditure needs and net of proceeds from the sale of assets as “free cash,” a measure which management uses to evaluate our ability to fund acquisitions and repay debt. Vishay has generated positive “free cash” in each of the past 14 years, and “free cash” in excess of $80 million in each of the past 9 years. In this volatile economic environment, we continue to focus on the generation of free cash, including an emphasis on cost controls.
 
We continued to generate strong cash flows from operations and free cash during the fiscal quarter ended April 2, 2011. There is no assurance, however, that we will be able to continue to generate cash flows from operations and free cash at the same levels, or at all, going forward if, among other things, the current recovery stalls or does not continue as expected.
 
We maintain a credit facility, which provides a revolving commitment of up to $450 million through December 1, 2015. The credit facility also provides for the ability for us to request up to $100 million of incremental commitments, subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions. At April 2, 2011, $240 million was outstanding under the credit facility.
 
Borrowings under the credit facility bear interest at LIBOR plus an interest margin. The applicable interest margin is based on our then current leverage ratio. Based on our leverage ratio at December 31, 2010, borrowings bear interest at LIBOR plus 1.65%. We are also required to pay facility commitment fees of 0.35% per annum on the entire commitment amount.
 
The borrowings under the credit facility are secured by a lien on substantially all assets located in the United States, including accounts receivable, inventory, machinery and equipment, and general intangibles (but excluding real estate, intellectual property registered or licensed for use in, or arising under the laws of, any country other than the United States, and bank and securities accounts) of Vishay and certain significant domestic subsidiaries, and pledges of stock in certain significant domestic and foreign subsidiaries and are guaranteed by certain significant subsidiaries. Certain of our subsidiaries are permitted to borrow under the credit facility, subject to the satisfaction of specified conditions. Any borrowings by these subsidiaries under the credit facility are guaranteed by Vishay.
 
The credit facility includes restrictions on, among other things, incurring indebtedness, incurring liens on assets, making investments and acquisitions, making asset sales, and paying cash dividends and making other restricted payments, and requires us to comply with other covenants, including the maintenance of specific financial ratios.
 
The financial maintenance covenants include (a) an interest expense coverage ratio of not less than 2.00 to 1; and (b) a leverage ratio of not more than 3.25 to 1. The computation of these ratios is prescribed in Article 6 of the Credit Agreement between Vishay Intertechnology, Inc. and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., which has been filed with the SEC as Exhibit 10.1 to our current report on Form 8-K filed December 1, 2010.
 
We were in compliance with all covenants at April 2, 2011. Our interest expense coverage ratio and leverage ratio were 42.32 to 1 and 0.80 to 1, respectively. We expect to continue to be in compliance with these covenants based on current projections.
 
If we are not in compliance with all of the required financial covenants, the credit facility could be terminated by the lenders, and all amounts outstanding pursuant to the credit facility could become immediately payable. Additionally, our exchangeable unsecured notes due 2102 and our convertible senior debentures due 2040 have cross-default provisions that could accelerate repayment in the event the indebtedness under the credit facility is accelerated.
 
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During the first fiscal quarter of 2011, we began investing a portion of our excess cash in highly liquid, high-quality instruments with maturities greater than 90 days, but less than 1 year. As these investments were funded using a portion of excess cash and represent a significant aspect of our cash management strategy, we include the investments in the calculation of net cash and short-term investments (debt). The following table summarizes the components of net cash and short-term investments (debt) at April 2, 2011 and December 31, 2010 (in thousands):
 
    April 2,   December 31,
        2011       2010
Credit facility   $      240,000   $      240,000
Exchangeable unsecured notes, due 2102     95,042     95,042
Convertible senior debentures, due 2040*     96,955     96,640
Other debt     -     -
Total debt     431,997     431,682
             
Cash and cash equivalents     668,551     897,338
Short-term investments     339,449     -
             
Net cash and short-term investments (debt)   $ 576,003   $ 465,656
____________________            
 
*Represents the carrying amount of the convertible debentures, which is comprised of the principal amount of the debentures, net of the unamortized discount and the associated embedded derivative liability.
 
Measurements such as “free cash” and “net cash and short-term investments (debt)” do not have uniform definitions and are not recognized in accordance with GAAP. Such measures should not be viewed as alternatives to GAAP measures of performance or liquidity. However, management believes that “free cash” is a meaningful measure of our ability to fund acquisitions and repay debt, and that an analysis of “net cash and short-term investments (debt)” assists investors in understanding aspects of our cash and debt management. These measures, as calculated by Vishay, may not be comparable to similarly titled measures used by other companies.
 
Approximately 92% of our April 2, 2011 cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments balances were held by our non-U.S. subsidiaries. At the present time, we expect the remaining cash and profits generated by foreign subsidiaries will continue to be reinvested outside of the United States indefinitely. If additional cash is needed to be repatriated to the United States, we would be subject to additional U.S. income taxes (subject to an adjustment for foreign tax credits), state income taxes, incremental foreign income taxes, and withholding taxes payable to various foreign countries.
 
Our financial condition as of April 2, 2011 continued to be strong, with a current ratio (current assets to current liabilities) of 3.6 to 1, as compared to a ratio of 3.4 to 1 as of December 31, 2010. This increase is primarily due to an increase in cash from operations and other changes in working capital. Our ratio of total debt to Vishay stockholders’ equity was 0.27 to 1 at April 2, 2011 as compared to a ratio of 0.29 to 1 at December 31, 2010. This decrease is primarily due to an increase in stockholder’s equity primarily driven by net earnings available to Vishay stockholders.
 
Cash flows provided by continuing operating activities were $97.8 million for the three fiscal months ended April 2, 2011, as compared to cash flows provided by operations of $68.0 million for the three fiscal months ended April 3, 2010. This increase is principally due to significantly better operating results in the three fiscal months ended April 2, 2011 compared to the three fiscal months ended April 3, 2010, partially offset by unfavorable changes in net working capital in the three fiscal months ended April 2, 2011.
 
Cash paid for property and equipment for the three fiscal months ended April 2, 2011 was $18.6 million, as compared to $18.1 million for the three fiscal months ended April 3, 2010. To enable us to benefit from the stronger than originally anticipated business climate we now expect capital spending of approximately $175 million in 2011, about 16% higher than originally expected, with a focus on capacity expansion for innovative MOSFETs, Trench diodes, power film capacitors, and power inductors technologies and products.
 
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During the first fiscal quarter of 2011, we began investing a portion of our excess cash in highly liquid, high-quality instruments with maturities greater than 90 days, but less than 1 year. Accordingly, these investments are not classified as cash and cash equivalents on the accompanying consolidated condensed balance sheet. The interest rates on these instruments average 1.8% and are approximately 120 basis points higher than interest rates on our cash accounts. Transactions related to these investments are classified as investing activities on the accompanying consolidated condensed statement of cash flows.
 
The balance of our revolving credit facility has been $240 million since December 2010 when we repaid the outstanding amounts under our previous credit facility. We did not draw or repay any amounts on our credit facility during the first fiscal quarter of 2011. Accordingly, the average outstanding balance on our credit facility calculated at fiscal month-ends was $240 million and the highest amount outstanding on our credit facility at a month end was $240 million.
 
Management expects to continue to maintain an outstanding balance of at least $240 million on the credit facility, and may periodically use the credit facility to meet short-term financing needs, but expects that cash on-hand and cash flows from operations will be sufficient to meet our longer-term financing needs related to normal operating requirements, obligations under restructuring and acquisition integration programs, and our research and development and capital expenditure plans. Acquisition activity may require additional borrowing under our credit facility or may otherwise require us to incur additional debt.
 
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Contractual Commitments and Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
 
Our Annual Report on Form 10-K includes a table of contractual commitments as of December 31, 2010. There were no material changes to these commitments during the three fiscal months ended April 2, 2011.
 
Safe Harbor Statement
 
From time to time, information provided by us, including but not limited to statements in this report, or other statements made by or on our behalf, may contain “forward-looking” information within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Such statements involve a number of risks, uncertainties, and contingencies, many of which are beyond our control, which may cause actual results, performance, or achievements to differ materially from those anticipated.
 
Such statements are based on current expectations only, and are subject to certain risks, uncertainties, and assumptions. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary materially from those anticipated, estimated, or projected. Among the factors that could cause actual results to materially differ include: general business and economic conditions, changes in the current pace of economic recovery, including if such recovery stalls or does not continue as expected; difficulties in integrating acquired companies, the inability to realize anticipated synergies and expansion possibilities, and other unanticipated conditions adversely affecting the operation of these companies; difficulties in new product development; changes in competition and technology in the markets that we serve and the mix of our products required to address these changes; an inability to attract and retain highly qualified personnel, particularly in respect of our acquired businesses; changes in foreign currency exchange rates; difficulties in implementing our cost reduction strategies such as labor unrest or legal challenges to our lay-off or termination plans, underutilization of production facilities in lower-labor-cost countries, operation of redundant facilities due to difficulties in transferring production to lower-labor-cost countries; and other factors affecting our operations, markets, products, services, and prices that are set forth in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010, filed with the SEC. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise.
 
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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
 
There have been no material changes in the market risks previously disclosed in Part II, Item 7A, “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk,” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010, filed with the SEC on February 25, 2011.
 
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
 
Conclusion Regarding the Effectiveness of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
 
An evaluation was performed under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including the Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as such term is defined under Rule 13a-15(e) and Rule 15d-15(e) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Based on that evaluation, our CEO and CFO concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report to ensure that information required to be disclosed in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act are: (1) recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms; and (2) accumulated and communicated to our management, including our CEO and CFO, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
 
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
 
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the period covered by this report that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
 
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PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
 
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
 
Not applicable.
 
Item 1A. Risk Factors
 
Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010, filed with the SEC on February 25, 2011, contains risk factors identified by Vishay. There have been no material changes from the risk factors previously disclosed.
 
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
 
Not applicable.
 
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
 
Not applicable.
 
Item 4. Removed and Reserved
 
Not applicable.
 
Item 5. Other Information
 
Not applicable.
 
Item 6. Exhibits
 
10.1 Vishay Intertechnology, Inc. 2007 Stock Incentive Program (as amended and restated effective February 2011). Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our current report on Form 8-K filed February 28, 2011.
             
10.2 First Amendment and Waiver to Credit Agreement dated March 2, 2011, among Vishay Intertechnology, Inc. and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent and the lenders and other parties thereto.
 
31.1 Certification pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 - Dr. Gerald Paul, Chief Executive Officer.
 
31.2 Certification pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 - Dr. Lior E. Yahalomi, Chief Financial Officer.
 
32.1 Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 – Dr. Gerald Paul, Chief Executive Officer.
 
32.2 Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 – Dr. Lior E. Yahalomi, Chief Financial Officer.
 
101 Interactive Data File (Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, for the quarterly period ended April 2, 2011, furnished in XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language)).
____________________
 
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SIGNATURES
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
 
VISHAY INTERTECHNOLOGY, INC.
   
 /s/ Lior E. Yahalomi  
Dr. Lior E. Yahalomi
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
(as a duly authorized officer and principal financial officer)
 
 /s/ Lori Lipcaman  
Lori Lipcaman
Executive Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer
(as a duly authorized officer and principal accounting officer)

Date: May 3, 2011
 
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