UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
þ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2012
OR
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from to
Commission File Number 1-13252
McKESSON CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware | 94-3207296 | |
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) | |
One Post Street, San Francisco, California | 94104 | |
(Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip Code) | |
(415) 983-8300 (Registrants telephone number, including area code) |
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
(Title of each class) | (Name of each exchange on which registered) | |
Common Stock, $0.01 par value | New York Stock Exchange |
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes þ No ¨
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ¨ No þ
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes þ No ¨
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§ 229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrants knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. þ
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of large accelerated filer, accelerated filer, and smaller reporting company in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer | þ | Accelerated filer ¨ | ||||
Non-accelerated filer ¨ (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) | Smaller reporting company ¨ |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ¨ No þ
The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates of the registrant, computed by reference to the closing price as of the last business day of the registrants most recently completed second fiscal quarter, September 30, 2011, was approximately $17.8 billion.
Number of shares of common stock outstanding on April 16, 2012: 235,397,188
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of the registrants Proxy Statement for its 2012 Annual Meeting of Stockholders are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
McKESSON CORPORATION
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PART I
Item 1. | Business. |
General
McKesson Corporation (McKesson, the Company, the Registrant or we and other similar pronouns), is a Fortune 15 corporation that delivers pharmaceuticals, medical supplies and health care information technologies that make health care safer while reducing costs.
The Companys fiscal year begins on April 1 and ends on March 31. Unless otherwise noted, all references in this document to a particular year shall mean the Companys fiscal year.
Our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act,) are available free of charge on our website (www.mckesson.com under the Investors Financial Information SEC Filings caption) as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC or the Commission). The content on any website referred to in this Annual Report on Form 10-K is not incorporated by reference into this report, unless expressly noted otherwise.
The public may also read or copy any materials that we file with the SEC at the SECs Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, NE, Washington, D.C. 20549. The public may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. The SEC maintains a website that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers, including the Company, that file electronically with the SEC. The address of the website is http://www.sec.gov.
Business Segments
We operate in two segments. The McKesson Distribution Solutions segment distributes ethical and proprietary drugs, medical-surgical supplies and equipment and health and beauty care products throughout North America. This segment also provides specialty pharmaceutical solutions for biotech and pharmaceutical manufacturers, and practice management, technology, clinical support and business solutions to oncology and other specialty practices operating in the community setting. In addition, this segment sells financial, operational and clinical solutions for pharmacies (retail, hospital, alternate site) and provides consulting, outsourcing and other services. This segment includes a 49% interest in Nadro, S.A. de C.V. (Nadro), one of the leading pharmaceutical distributors in Mexico.
The McKesson Technology Solutions segment delivers enterprise-wide clinical, patient care, financial, supply chain, strategic management software solutions, pharmacy automation for hospitals, as well as connectivity, outsourcing and other services, including remote hosting and managed services, to healthcare organizations. This segment also includes our Payer group of businesses, which includes our InterQual® clinical criteria solution, medical management tools, claims payment solutions, network performance tools and care management programs. This segments customers include hospitals, physicians, homecare providers, retail pharmacies and payers from North America, the United Kingdom, Ireland, other European countries and Israel.
Net revenues for our segments for the last three years were as follows:
(Dollars in billions) | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution Solutions |
$ | 119.4 | 97% | $ | 108.9 | 97% | $ | 105.6 | 97% | |||||||||||||||
Technology Solutions |
3.3 | 3% | 3.2 | 3% | 3.1 | 3% | ||||||||||||||||||
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Total |
$ | 122.7 | 100% | $ | 112.1 | 100% | $ | 108.7 | 100% |
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McKESSON CORPORATION
Distribution Solutions
McKesson Distribution Solutions consists of the following businesses: U.S. Pharmaceutical Distribution, McKesson Canada, Medical-Surgical Distribution, McKesson Pharmacy Systems and Automation and McKesson Specialty Health. This segment also includes our 49% interest in Nadro.
U.S. Pharmaceutical Distribution: This business supplies pharmaceuticals and/or other healthcare-related products to customers in three primary customer channels: (1) retail national accounts (including national and regional chains, food/drug combinations, mail order pharmacies and mass merchandisers); (2) independent retail pharmacies; and (3) institutional healthcare providers (including hospitals, health systems, integrated delivery networks, clinics and alternate site providers). This business also provides solutions and services to pharmaceutical manufacturers. This business sources materials and products from a wide-array of different suppliers, including the production of certain generic pharmaceutical drugs through a contract-manufacturing program.
Our U.S. pharmaceutical distribution business operates and serves thousands of customer locations through a network of 28 distribution centers, as well as a primary redistribution center, a strategic redistribution center and two repackaging facilities, serving all 50 states and Puerto Rico. We invest in technology and other systems at all of our distribution centers to enhance safety and reliability and provide the best product availability for our customers. For example, in all of our distribution centers we use Acumax® Plus, an award-winning technology that integrates and tracks all internal inventory-related functions such as receiving, put-away and order fulfillment. Acumax® Plus uses bar code technology, wrist-mounted computer hardware and radio frequency signals to provide customers with real-time product availability and industry-leading order quality and fulfillment in excess of 99.9% adjusted accuracy. In addition, we offer Mobile ManagerSM, which integrates portable handheld technology with Acumax® Plus to give customers complete ordering and inventory control. We also offer McKesson ConnectSM, an Internet-based ordering system that provides item lookup and real-time inventory availability as well as ordering, purchasing, third-party reconciliation and account management functionality. Together, these features help ensure customers have the right products at the right time for their facilities and patients.
To maximize distribution efficiency and effectiveness, we follow the Six Sigma methodology an analytical approach that emphasizes setting high-quality objectives, collecting data and analyzing results to a fine degree in order to improve processes, reduce costs and minimize errors. We continue to implement information systems to help achieve greater consistency and accuracy both internally and for our customers.
The major offerings of the McKesson U.S. Pharmaceutical Distribution business by customer group can be categorized as retail national accounts, independent retail pharmacies and institutional healthcare providers.
Retail National Accounts Business solutions that help national account customers increase revenues and profitability. Solutions include:
| Central FillSM Prescription refill service that enables pharmacies to more quickly refill prescriptions remotely, more accurately and at a lower cost, while reducing inventory levels and improving customer service. |
| Redistribution Centers Two facilities totaling over 500 thousand square feet that offer access to inventory for single source warehouse purchasing, including pharmaceuticals and biologicals. These distribution centers also provide the foundation for a two-tiered distribution network that supports best-in-class direct store delivery. |
| EnterpriseRx® A Software as a Service (SaaS) pharmacy management system, that allows large retail chain, health system, and retail independent pharmacies to meet demand for prescriptions while maximizing profits and optimizing operations. |
| RxPakSM Bulk-to-bottle repackaging service that leverages our purchasing scale and supplier relationships to provide pharmaceuticals at reduced prices, help increase inventory turns and reduce working capital investment. |
| Inventory Management An integrated solution comprising forecasting software and automated replenishment technologies that reduce inventory-carrying costs. |
| McKesson OneStop Generics® Generic pharmaceutical purchasing program that helps pharmacies maximize their cost savings with a broad selection of generic drugs, low pricing and one-stop shopping. |
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Independent Retail Pharmacies Solutions for managed care contracting, branding and advertising, merchandising, purchasing, operational efficiency and automation that help independent pharmacists focus on patient care while improving profitability. Solutions include:
| Health Mart® Health Mart® is a national network of more than 2,900 independently-owned pharmacies and is one of the industrys most comprehensive pharmacy franchise programs. Health Mart® provides franchisees with managed care that drives pharmacy benefit manager recognition, branding that drives consumer recognition along with its Health Mart private label line of products, in-store programs that drive manufacturer and payer recognition and community advocacy programs that drive industry recognition. Health Mart® helps franchisees grow their businesses by focusing on the three principles of successful retailing: |
Attract new customers;
Maximize the value of current customers; and
Enhance business efficiency.
| AccessHealth® Comprehensive managed care and reconciliation assistance services that help independent pharmacies save time, access competitive reimbursement rates and improve cash flow. |
| McKesson Reimbursement AdvantageSM (MRA) MRA is one of the industrys most comprehensive reimbursement optimization packages, comprising financial services (automated claim resubmission), analytic services and customer care. |
| McKesson OneStop Generics® described above. |
| EnterpriseRx® described above. |
| Sunmark® Complete line of more than 700 products that provide retail independent pharmacies with value-priced alternatives to national brands. |
| FrontEdge Strategic planning, merchandising and price maintenance program that helps independent pharmacies maximize store profitability. |
| McKesson Home Health Care Comprehensive line of more than 1,800 home health care products, including durable medical equipment, diabetes supplies, self-care supplies and disposables from national brands and the Sunmark® line. |
Institutional Healthcare Providers Electronic ordering/purchasing and supply chain management systems that help customers improve financial performance, increase operational efficiencies and deliver better patient care. Solutions include:
| McKesson Pharmacy Optimization® An experienced group of pharmacy professionals providing consulting services and pharmacy practice resources. McKesson Pharmacy Optimization® develops customized and quantifiable solutions that help hospitals create and sustain financial, operational and clinical results. |
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Fulfill-RxSM Ordering and inventory management system that integrates McKesson pharmaceutical distribution services with our automation solutions, thus empowering hospitals to optimize the often complicated and disjointed processes related to unit-based cabinet replenishment and inventory management. |
| Asset Management Award-winning inventory optimization and purchasing management program that helps institutional providers lower costs while ensuring product availability. |
| SKY Packaging Blister-format packaging containing the most widely prescribed dosages and strengths in generic oral-solid medications. SKY Packaging enables acute care, long-term care and institutional pharmacies to provide cost-effective, uniform packaging. |
| McKesson OneStop Generics® Generic pharmaceutical purchasing program that enables acute care and alternate site pharmacies to capture the full potential of purchasing generic pharmaceuticals. |
| McKesson 340B Solution Suite Solutions that help providers manage, track and report on medication replenishment associated with the federal 340B Drug Pricing Program. |
| High Performance Pharmacy® Framework that identifies and categorizes hospital pharmacy best practices to help improve clinical outcomes and financial results. The High Performance Pharmacy Assessment Tool enables hospital pharmacies to measure against comparable institutions and chart a step-by-step path to high performance. |
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McKesson Canada: McKesson Canada, a wholly-owned subsidiary, is one of the largest pharmaceutical distributors in Canada. McKesson Canada, through its network of 16 distribution centers, provides logistics and distribution to more than 800 manufacturers delivering their products to retail pharmacies, hospitals, long-term care centers, clinics and institutions throughout Canada. Beyond pharmaceutical distribution, logistics and order fulfillment, McKesson Canada has automated over 2,500 retail pharmacies and is also active in hospital automation solutions, dispensing more than 100 million doses each year. In partnership with other McKesson businesses, McKesson Canada provides a full range of services to Canadian manufacturers and healthcare providers, contributing to the quality and safety of care for patients. On March 25, 2012, we acquired substantially all of the assets of Drug Trading Company Limited, the independent banner business of the Katz Group Canada Inc. (Katz Group), and Medicine Shoppe Canada Inc., the franchise business of the Katz Group. The acquisition of the assets from the Drug Trading Company Limited consists of a marketing and purchasing arm of more than 850 independently owned pharmacies in Canada. The acquisition of Medicine Shoppe Canada Inc. consists of the franchise business of providing services to more than 160 independent pharmacies in Canada.
MedicalSurgical Distribution: This business provides medical-surgical supply distribution, equipment, logistics and other services to healthcare providers including physicians offices, surgery centers, extended care facilities, homecare and occupational health sites through a network of 28 distribution centers within the U.S. This business is a leading provider of supplies to the full range of alternate-site healthcare facilities, including physicians offices, clinics and surgery centers (primary care), long-term care, occupational health facilities and homecare sites (extended care). Through a variety of technology products and services geared towards the supply chain, our Medical-Surgical Distribution business is focused on helping its customers operate more efficiently while providing one of the industrys most extensive product offerings, including our own private label line. This business also includes ZEE® Medical, one of the most extensive product offerings in the industry of first aid, safety and training solutions, providing services to industrial and commercial customers. This business offers an extensive line of products and services aimed at maximizing productivity and minimizing the liability and cost associated with workplace illnesses and injuries.
McKesson Pharmacy Systems and Automation: This business supplies integrated pharmacy management systems, automated dispensing systems and related services to retail, outpatient, central fill, specialty and mail order pharmacies. Its primary offering is EnterpriseRx®, a Software as a Service (SaaS) pharmacy management system, that allows large retail chain, health system, and retail independent pharmacies to meet demand for prescriptions while maximizing profits and optimizing operations. We also own a 39% interest in Parata, which sells automated pharmacy and supply management systems and services to retail and institutional pharmacies.
McKesson Specialty Health: This business provides solutions for oncology and other specialty practices operating in communities across the country, as well as for pharmaceutical and biotech suppliers who manufacture specialty drugs and vaccines. Through expertise in specialty drug distribution, commercialization, revenue cycle and practice management and reimbursement support, McKesson Specialty Health allows the community patient care delivery system and facilitates collaboration among community healthcare providers, drug manufacturers and payers. We provide direct-to-physician specialty distribution services, ensuring supply chain safety and delivery of specialty drugs in manufacturer recommended conditions. Third party logistics, or 3PL, are offered primarily for vaccine distribution, including our exclusive distributor relationship in the Center for Disease Control and Preventions (CDC) Vaccines for Children program. We also offer our industry leading Lynx® integrated technologies, the iKnowMedSM Electronic Health record, and clinical and practice management tools, all of which help community practices improve inventory management, practice workflow and reimbursement processes, as well as deliver business efficiencies and clinical-decision support. McKesson Specialty Health works with manufacturers across all phases of the product development and commercialization lifecycle, including clinical research, to optimize delivery of complex medication to patients. Through custom distribution and safety programs, we help support appropriate product utilization, as well as the development and management of Risk Evaluation Mitigation Strategies (REMS), reimbursement, healthcare informatics and patient access programs, and to enable manufacturers to deliver cost effective patient access to needed therapies. McKesson Specialty Health supports The US Oncology Network and US Oncology Research. The US Oncology Network unites one of the largest network of community oncologists in the United States, and through collaboration and shared purpose, provides the clinical, research, technology and business resources to ensure the growth and vitality of these independent, community-based oncology practices. US Oncology Research is one of the nations largest research networks, specializing in Phase I Phase IV oncology clinical trials.
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Technology Solutions
Our Technology Solutions segment provides a comprehensive portfolio of software, automation, support and services to help healthcare organizations improve quality and patient safety, reduce the cost and variability of care and better manage their resources and revenue stream. This segment also includes our InterQual® clinical criteria solution, medical management tools, claims payment solutions, network performance tools and care management programs. Technology Solutions markets its products and services to integrated delivery networks, hospitals, physician practices, home healthcare providers, retail pharmacies and payers. Our solutions and services are sold internationally through subsidiaries and/or distribution agreements in Canada, United Kingdom, Ireland, other European countries and Israel.
The product portfolio for the Technology Solutions segment is designed to address a wide array of healthcare clinical and business performance needs ranging from medication safety and information access to revenue cycle management, resource utilization and physician adoption of electronic health records (EHR). Analytics software enables organizations to measure progress as they automate care processes for optimal clinical outcomes, business and operating results and regulatory compliance. To ensure that organizations achieve the maximum value for their information technology investment, we also offer a wide range of services to support the implementation and use of solutions as well as assist with business and clinical redesign, process re-engineering and staffing (both information technology and back-office).
Key solution areas are as follows:
Clinical and financial management: We provide comprehensive clinical and financial information systems for hospitals and health systems of all sizes. These systems are designed to improve the safety and quality of patient care and improve clinical, financial and operational performance. Clinical functionality includes a data repository, care planning, physician order entry and documentation, nursing documentation with bar-coded medication administration, laboratory, radiology, pharmacy, surgical management, emergency department and ambulatory EHR systems, a Web-based physician portal and a comprehensive solution for homecare. Revenue management solutions are designed to improve financial performance by reducing days in accounts receivable, preventing insurance claim denials, reducing costs and improving productivity. Solutions include online patient billing, contract management, electronic claims processing and coding compliance checking. These solutions streamline patient access and help organizations to forecast financial responsibility for constituents before and during care, allowing providers to collect their reimbursements more quickly and at a lower cost.
Enterprise imaging: In addition to document imaging to facilitate maintenance and access to complete medical records, we offer medical imaging and information management systems for healthcare enterprises, including a picture archiving communications system, a radiology information system and a comprehensive cardiovascular information system. Our enterprise-wide approach to medical imaging enables organizations to take advantage of specialty-specific workstations while building an integrated image repository that manages all of the images and information captured throughout the care continuum.
Performance management: Performance management solutions are designed to enhance an organizations ability to plan and optimize quality care delivery. Enterprise visibility and performance analytics provide business intelligence that enables providers to manage capacity, outcomes, productivity and patient flow. Workforce management solutions assist caregivers with staffing and maintaining labor rule continuity between scheduling, time and attendance and payroll. A comprehensive supply chain management solution integrates enterprise resource planning applications, including financials, materials, human resources/payroll, with scheduling, point of use, surgical and anesthesia services and enterprise-wide analytics.
Automation: Automation solutions include technologies that help hospitals re-engineer and improve their medication use processes. Examples include centralized pharmacy automation for dispensing unit-dose medications, unit-based cabinet technologies for secure medication storage and rapid retrieval and an anesthesia cart for dispensing of medications in the operating room. Based on a foundation of bar-code scanning technology, these integrated solutions are designed to reduce errors and bring new levels of safety to patients.
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McKESSON CORPORATION
Physician practice solutions: We provide a complete solution for physician practices of all sizes that includes software, revenue cycle outsourcing and connectivity services. Software solutions include practice management and EHR software for physicians of every size and specialty. Our physician practice offering also includes outsourced billing and collection services as well as services that connect physicians with their patients, hospitals, retail pharmacies and payers. Revenue cycle outsourcing enables physician groups to avoid the infrastructure investment and administrative costs of an in-house billing office. Services include clinical data collection, data input, medical coding, billing, contract management, cash collections, accounts receivable management and extensive reporting of metrics related to the physician practice.
Connectivity: Through our vendor-neutral RelayHealth® and its intelligent network, the Company provides health information exchange and revenue cycle management solutions that streamline clinical, financial and administrative communication between patients, providers, payers, pharmacies, manufacturers, government and financial institutions. RelayHealth® helps to accelerate the delivery of high-quality care and improve financial performance through online consultation of physicians by patients, electronic prescribing by physicians, point-of-service resolution of pharmacy claims by payers, pre-visit financial clearance of patients by providers and post-visit settlement of provider bills by payers and patients. RelayHealth® securely processes more than 16 billion financial and clinical transactions annually.
In addition to the product offerings described above, Technology Solutions offers a comprehensive range of services to help organizations derive greater value, enhance satisfaction and return on investment throughout the life of the solutions implemented. The range of services includes:
Technology Services: Technology services supports the smooth operation of numerous organizations information systems by providing the technical infrastructure designed to maximize application accessibility, availability, security and performance.
Outsourcing Services: With these services, we help providers focus their resources on delivering healthcare while managing their revenue cycle operations and information technology through a comprehensive suite of managed services. Services include full and partial revenue cycle outsourcing, remote hosting, managing hospital data processing operations, payroll processing, and business office administration.
Professional Services: Professional services help customers achieve business results from their software or automation investment. A wide array of service options is available, including consulting for business and/or clinical process improvement and re-design as well as implementation, project management, technical and education services relating to all products in the Technology Solutions segment.
Payer Group: The following suite of services and software products is marketed to payers, hospitals and government organizations to help manage the cost and quality of care:
| InterQual® Criteria for clinical decision support and utilization management; |
| Claims payment solutions to facilitate accurate and efficient medical claim payments; |
| Business intelligence tools for measuring, reporting and improving clinical and financial performance; |
| Network management tools enable health plans to transform the performance of their networks; |
| Disease management programs to improve the health status and health outcomes of patients with chronic conditions; |
| Nurse advice services to provide health information and recommend appropriate levels of care; and |
| Clinical and analytical software to support utilization, case and disease management workflows. |
Business Combinations and Discontinued Operation
We have undertaken strategic initiatives in recent years designed to further focus on our core healthcare businesses and enhance our competitive position. We expect to continue to undertake such strategic initiatives in the future. These initiatives are detailed in Financial Notes 2 and 7, Business Combinations and Discontinued Operation, to the consolidated financial statements appearing in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
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Competition
In every area of healthcare distribution operations, our Distribution Solutions segment faces strong competition, both in price and service, from national, regional and local full-line, short-line and specialty wholesalers, service merchandisers, self-warehousing chains, manufacturers engaged in direct distribution, third-party logistics companies and large payer organizations. In addition, this segment faces competition from various other service providers and from pharmaceutical and other healthcare manufacturers as well as other potential customers of the segment, which may from time-to-time decide to develop, for their own internal needs, supply management capabilities that would otherwise be provided by the segment. Price, quality of service, innovation and, in some cases, convenience to the customer are generally the principal competitive elements in this segment.
Our Technology Solutions segment experiences substantial competition from many firms, including other software services firms, consulting firms, shared service vendors, certain hospitals and hospital groups, payers, care management organizations, hardware vendors and internet-based companies with technology applicable to the healthcare industry. Competition varies in size from small to large companies, in geographical coverage and in scope and breadth of products and services offered.
Intellectual Property
The principal trademarks and service marks of our Distribution Solutions segment include: AccessHealth®, AccessMED®, Acumax®, Advancing Cancer Care in America®, Business of PharmacySM, BoP®, CaresRxSM, Central FillSM, Closed Loop DistributionSM, Comprehensive Strategic Alliance (CSA)SM, CypressSM, Cypress Plus®, Edwards Medical Supply®, Empowering Healthcare®, EnterpriseRx®, Expect More From MooreSM, FrontEdge, Fulfill-RxSM, Heal Living Well After Cancer®, Health Mart®, Heart Profilers & Design®, High Performance Pharmacy®, Iknowchart, iKnowMedSM, Innovent®, LoyaltyScript®, Lynx®, Market FocusSM, Max Impact®, McKesson®, McKesson AdvantageSM, McKesson ConnectSM, McKesson Empowering Healthcare®, McKesson High Volume SolutionsSM, McKesson Max Rewards®, McKesson OneStop Generics®, McKesson Pharmacy CentralSM, McKesson Pharmacy Optimization®, McKesson Priority Express OTCSM, McKesson Reimbursement AdvantageSM, McKesson Supply ManagerSM, MediNet, Medi-Pak®, Mobile ManagerSM, Moore Medical®, Moorebrand®, Nexcura®, Northstarx®, Oncology TodaySM, Oncology Today Translating Knowledge Into Cancer Care®, OncologyRx Care Advantage®, Onmark®, OTN®, Pharma360®, PharmacyRx, Pharmaserv®, Radmap, Research & Education®, RX PakSM, RxOwnership®, Selectplus Oncology®, ServiceFirstSM, Staydry®, Sterling Medical Services®, Sunmark®, Supply Management OnlineSM, The Supply Experts®, The US Oncology NetworkSM, TrialScript®, Triangle Design®, United We WinSM, US Cancer AllianceSM, US Oncology®, Valu-Rite®, XVIII B Medi Mart®, Zee Medical Service®, and ZEE®.
The substantial majority of technical concepts and codes embodied in our Technology Solutions segments computer programs and program documentation are protected as trade secrets. The principal trademarks and service marks for this segment are: AcuDose-Rx®, ANSOS One-Staff, Ask-A-Nurse®, Care Fully Connected, CareEnhance®, Connect-RN, Connect-Rx®, CRMS, DataStat®, ePremis®, Episode Profiler, E-Script, Fulfill-RxSM, HealthQuest, Horizon Admin-Rx, Horizon Clinicals®, Horizon Enterprise Revenue ManagementTM, HorizonWP®, InterQual®, Lytec®, MedCarousel®, Medisoft®, ORSOS One-Call, PACMED, PakPlus-Rx, Paragon®, Pathways 2000®, Patterns Profiler, Per-Se, Per-Se Technologies®, PerYourHealth.com®, Practice Partner®, Premis®, ProIntercept®, ProMed®, ProPBM®, RelayHealth®, ROBOT-Rx®, SelfPace®, Series 2000, STAR 2000, SupplyScan, TRENDSTAR® and WebVisit.
We also own other registered and unregistered trademarks and service marks and similar rights used by our business segments. Many of the principal trademarks and service marks are registered in the United States, or registrations have been applied for with respect to such marks, in addition to certain other jurisdictions. The United States federal registrations of these trademarks have terms of ten or twenty years, depending on date of registration, and are subject to unlimited renewals. We believe that we have taken all necessary steps to preserve the registration and duration of our trademarks and service marks, although no assurance can be given that we will be able to successfully enforce or protect our rights thereunder in the event that they are subject to third-party infringement claims. We do not consider any particular patent, license, franchise or concession to be material to our business. We also hold copyrights in, and patents related to, many of our products.
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Other Information about the Business
Customers: During 2012, sales to our ten largest customers accounted for approximately 52% of our total consolidated revenues. Sales to our two largest customers, CVS Caremark Corporation (CVS) and Rite Aid Corporation (Rite Aid), accounted for approximately 16% and 10% of our total consolidated revenues. At March 31, 2012, accounts receivable from our ten largest customers were approximately 49% of total accounts receivable. Accounts receivable from CVS, Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. (Walmart) and Rite Aid were approximately 17%, 10% and 9% of total accounts receivable. We also have agreements with group purchasing organizations (GPOs), each of which functions as a purchasing agent on behalf of member hospitals, pharmacies and other healthcare providers. The accounts receivables balances are with individual members of the GPOs. Substantially all of these revenues and accounts receivable are included in our Distribution Solutions segment.
Suppliers: We obtain pharmaceutical and other products from manufacturers, none of which accounted for more than approximately 6% of our purchases in 2012. The loss of a supplier could adversely affect our business if alternate sources of supply are unavailable. We believe that our relationships with our suppliers, on the whole, are good. The ten largest suppliers in 2012 accounted for approximately 45% of our purchases.
A significant portion of our distribution arrangements with the manufacturers provides us compensation based on a percentage of our purchases. In addition, we have certain distribution arrangements with pharmaceutical manufacturers that include an inflation-based compensation component whereby we benefit when the manufacturers increase their prices as we sell our existing inventory at the new higher prices. For these manufacturers, a reduction in the frequency and magnitude of price increases, as well as restrictions in the amount of inventory available to us, could have a material adverse impact on our gross profit margin.
Research and Development: Our development expenditures primarily consist of our investment in software held for sale. We spent $487 million, $471 million and $451 million for development activities in 2012, 2011 and 2010 and of these amounts, we capitalized 10%, 14% and 17%. Development expenditures are primarily incurred by our Technology Solutions segment. Our Technology Solutions segments product development efforts apply computer technology and installation methodologies to specific information processing needs of hospitals and other customers. We believe that a substantial and sustained commitment to such expenditures is important to the long-term success of this business. Additional information regarding our development activities is included in Financial Note 1, Significant Accounting Policies, to the consolidated financial statements appearing in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Environmental Regulation: Our operations are subject to regulations under various federal, state, local and foreign laws concerning the environment, including laws addressing the discharge of pollutants into the air and water, the management and disposal of hazardous substances and wastes and the cleanup of contaminated sites. We could incur substantial costs, including cleanup costs, fines and civil or criminal sanctions and third-party damage or personal injury claims, if in the future we were to violate or become liable under environmental laws.
We are committed to maintaining compliance with all environmental laws applicable to our operations, products and services and to reducing our environmental impact across all aspects of our business. We meet this commitment through an environmental strategy and sustainability program.
We sold our chemical distribution operations in 1987 and retained responsibility for certain environmental obligations. Agreements with the Environmental Protection Agency and certain states may require environmental assessments and cleanups at several closed sites. These matters are described further in Financial Note 19, Other Commitments and Contingent Liabilities, to the consolidated financial statements appearing in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
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The liability for environmental remediation and other environmental costs is accrued when the Company considers it probable and can reasonably estimate the costs. Environmental costs and accruals, including that related to our legacy chemical distribution operations, are presently not material to our operations or financial position. Although there is no assurance that existing or future environmental laws applicable to our operations or products will not have a material adverse impact on our operations or financial condition, we do not currently anticipate material capital expenditures for environmental matters. Other than the expected expenditures that may be required in connection with our legacy chemical distribution operations, we do not anticipate making substantial capital expenditures either for environmental issues, or to comply with environmental laws and regulations in the future. The amount of our capital expenditures for environmental compliance was not material in 2012 and is not expected to be material in the next year.
Employees: On March 31, 2012, we employed approximately 37,700 persons compared to 36,400 and 32,500 on March 31, 2011 and 2010.
Financial Information About Foreign and Domestic Operations: Information as to foreign and domestic operations is included in Financial Notes 1 and 22, Significant Accounting Policies and Segments of Business, to the consolidated financial statements appearing in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Forward-Looking Statements
This Annual Report on Form 10-K, including Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in Item 7 of Part II of this report and the Risk Factors in Item 1A of Part I of this report, contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended and section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Some of these statements can be identified by use of forward-looking words such as believes, expects, anticipates, may, will, should, seeks, approximately, intends, plans or estimates, or the negative of these words, or other comparable terminology. The discussion of financial trends, strategy, plans or intentions may also include forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected, anticipated, or implied. Although it is not possible to predict or identify all such risks and uncertainties, they may include, but are not limited to, the factors discussed in Item 1A of Part I of this report under Risk Factors. The reader should not consider the list to be a complete statement of all potential risks and uncertainties.
These and other risks and uncertainties are described herein and in other information contained in our publicly available SEC filings and press releases. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date such statements were first made. Except to the extent required by federal securities laws, we undertake no obligation to publicly release the result of any revisions to these forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date hereof, or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.
Item 1A. | Risk Factors. |
The risks described below could have a material adverse impact on our financial position, results of operations, liquidity and cash flows. Although it is not possible to predict or identify all such risks and uncertainties, they may include, but are not limited to, the factors discussed below. Our business operations could also be affected by additional factors that are not presently known to us or that we currently consider not to be material to our operations. The reader should not consider this list to be a complete statement of all risks and uncertainties.
We are subject to legal proceedings that could have a material adverse impact on our financial position and results of operations.
From time-to-time and in the ordinary course of our business, we and certain of our subsidiaries may become involved in various legal proceedings involving antitrust, commercial, employment, environmental, intellectual property, regulatory, tort and other various claims. All such legal proceedings are inherently unpredictable, and the outcome can result in excessive verdicts and/or injunctive relief that may affect how we operate our business or we may enter into settlements of claims for monetary damages. In some cases, substantial non-economic remedies or punitive damages may be sought. For some complaints filed against the Company, we are currently unable to estimate the amount of possible losses that might be incurred should these legal proceedings be resolved against the Company.
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The outcome of litigation and other legal matters is always uncertain and outcomes that are not justified by the evidence or existing law can occur. The Company believes that it has valid defenses to the legal matters pending against it and is defending itself vigorously. Nevertheless, it is possible that resolution of one or any combination of more than one legal matter could result in a material adverse impact on our financial position or results of operations. For example, we are involved in a number of legal proceedings described in Financial Note 19, Other Commitments and Contingent Liabilities, to the accompanying consolidated financial statements that could have such an impact, including legal proceedings alleging that we engaged in illegal conduct that caused average wholesale prices to rise for certain prescription drugs during specified periods.
Litigation is costly, time-consuming and disruptive to normal business operations. The defense of these matters could also result in continued diversion of our managements time and attention away from business operations, which could also harm our business. Even if these matters are not resolved against us, the uncertainty and expense associated with unresolved legal proceedings could harm our business and reputation. For additional information regarding certain of the legal proceedings in which we are involved, see Financial Note 19, Other Commitments and Contingent Liabilities, to the accompanying consolidated financial statements.
Changes in the United States healthcare industry and regulatory environment could have a material adverse impact on our results of operations.
Our products and services are primarily intended to function within the structure of the healthcare financing and reimbursement system currently being used in the United States. In recent years, the healthcare industry in the United States has changed significantly in an effort to reduce costs. These changes have included cuts in Medicare and Medicaid reimbursement levels, consolidation of pharmaceutical and medical-surgical supply distributors and the development of large, sophisticated purchasing groups. We expect the healthcare industry in the United States to continue to change and for healthcare delivery models to evolve in the future.
Changes in the healthcare industrys or our pharmaceutical suppliers pricing, selling, inventory, distribution or supply policies or practices could significantly reduce our revenues and net income. Due to the diverse range of healthcare supply management and healthcare information technology products and services that we offer, such changes could have a material adverse impact on our results of operations, while not affecting some of our competitors who offer a narrower range of products and services.
The majority of our U.S. pharmaceutical distribution business agreements with manufacturers are structured to ensure that we are appropriately and predictably compensated for the services we provide; however, failure to successfully renew these contracts in a timely and favorable manner could have a material adverse impact on our results of operations. In addition, branded pharmaceutical price inflation can be the partial economic basis of some of our distribution business agreements with pharmaceutical manufacturers. If the frequency or rate of branded price increases slows, it could have a material adverse impact on our results of operations.
In addition, we distribute generic pharmaceuticals, which can be subject to both price deflation and price inflation. Healthcare and public policy trends indicate that the number of generic drugs will increase next year as a result of the expiration of certain drug patents. In recent years, our financial results have improved from our generic drug offerings combined with an increase in the number of generic drug formularies available in the marketplace. Changes in the availability, pricing trends or reimbursement of these generic drugs, or changes in the rate of increase in the number of generic drugs, could have a material adverse impact on our results of operations.
Generic drug manufacturers are increasingly challenging the validity or enforceability of patents on branded pharmaceutical products. During the pendency of these legal challenges, a generics manufacturer may begin manufacturing and selling a generic version of the branded product prior to the final resolution to its legal challenge over the branded products patent. To the extent we source, contract manufacture, and distribute such generic products, the brand-name company could assert infringement claims against us. While we generally obtain indemnification against such claims from generic manufacturers as a condition of distributing their products, there can be no assurances that these rights will be adequate or sufficient to protect us.
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In recent years, pharmaceutical suppliers have been subject to increasing consolidation. As a result, a small number of very large companies control a significant share of the market. Accordingly, we depend on fewer suppliers for our products and therefore we may be less able to negotiate price terms with suppliers.
Many healthcare organizations also have consolidated to create larger healthcare enterprises with greater market power. If this consolidation trend continues, it could reduce the size of our target market and give the resulting enterprises greater bargaining power, which may lead to erosion of the prices for our products and services. In addition, when healthcare organizations combine they often consolidate infrastructure including IT systems, which in turn may erode our customer and revenue base.
The healthcare industry is highly regulated, and further regulation of our distribution businesses and computer-related products and services could impose increased costs, negatively impact our profit margins, and the profit margins of our customers, delay the introduction or implementation of our new products, or otherwise negatively impact our business and expose the Company to litigation and regulatory investigations.
Healthcare Fraud: We are subject to extensive and frequently changing local, state and federal laws and regulations relating to healthcare fraud, waste and abuse, and the government, both state and federal, continues to strengthen its position and scrutiny over practices involving fraud, waste and abuse affecting Medicare, Medicaid and other government healthcare programs. Our relationships with pharmaceutical and medical-surgical product manufacturers and healthcare providers, as well as our provision of products and services to government entities, subject our business to laws and regulations on fraud and abuse, which among other things: (1) prohibit persons from soliciting, offering, receiving or paying any remuneration in order to induce the referral of a patient for treatment or for inducing the ordering or purchasing of items or services that are in any way paid for by Medicare, Medicaid or other government-sponsored healthcare programs; (2) impose a number of restrictions upon referring physicians and providers of designated health services under Medicare and Medicaid programs; and (3) prohibit the knowing submission of a false or fraudulent claim for payment to, and knowing retention of an overpayment by, a federal health care program such as Medicare and Medicaid. Many of the regulations applicable to us, including those relating to marketing incentives, are vague or indefinite and have not been interpreted by the courts. They may be interpreted or applied by a prosecutorial, regulatory, or judicial authority in a manner that could require us to make changes in our operations. If we fail to comply with applicable laws and regulations, we could become liable for damages, suffer civil and criminal penalties, including the loss of licenses or our ability to participate in Medicare, Medicaid and other federal and state healthcare programs.
Reimbursements: Both our profit margins and the profit margins of our customers may be adversely affected by laws and regulations reducing reimbursement rates for pharmaceuticals, medical treatments and related services, or changing the methodology by which reimbursement levels are determined. For example, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act (collectively the Affordable Care Act), signed into law in 2010, revised the federal upper limits for Medicaid reimbursement for multiple source generic drugs available for purchase by retail community pharmacies on a nationwide basis to a limit of not less than 175% of the weighted average (determined on the basis of utilization) of the most recently reported monthly average manufacturer price (AMP) using a smoothing process. In addition, Medicare, Medicaid and the State Childrens Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) Extension Act of 2007 requires the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) to adjust the calculation of the Medicare Part B drug average sales price to an actual sales volume basis. CMS has proposed new rules for calculating AMP (Revised AMP) and is also offering states the option to replace traditional reimbursement metrics for certain drugs with alternatives such as the average acquisition cost (AAC) method. Under AAC, reimbursement is based on the actual acquisition costs from invoiced amounts and from a statistically validated cost of dispensing survey. We expect that the use of a Revised AMP benchmark or the use of an alternative reimbursement metric, such as AAC, would result in a reduction in the Medicaid reimbursement rates to our customers for certain pharmaceuticals, which could indirectly impact the prices that we can charge our customers and cause corresponding declines in our profitability. There can be no assurance that these changes would not have a material adverse impact on our results of operations.
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Operating, Security and Licensure Standards: We are subject to the operating and security standards of the Drug Enforcement Administration (the DEA), the U. S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), various state boards of pharmacy, state health departments, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), the CMS and other comparable agencies. Certain of our businesses may be required to register for permits and/or licenses with, and comply with operating and security standards of the DEA, FDA, HHS, CMS, various state boards of pharmacy, state health departments and/or comparable state agencies as well as foreign agencies and certain accrediting bodies, depending upon the type of operations and location of product development, manufacture, distribution, and sale. As part of these operating, security and licensure standards, we regularly receive requests for information and occasionally subpoenas from government authorities. Although we believe that we are in compliance in all material respects with applicable laws and regulations, there can be no assurance that a regulatory agency or tribunal would not reach a different conclusion concerning the compliance of our operations with applicable laws and regulations. In addition, there can be no assurance that we will be able to maintain or renew existing permits, licenses or any other regulatory approvals or obtain without significant delay future permits, licenses or other approvals needed for the operation of our businesses. Any noncompliance by us with applicable laws and regulations or the failure to maintain, renew or obtain necessary permits and licenses could have a material adverse impact on our results of operations.
Pedigree Tracking: There have been increasing efforts by Congress and state and federal agencies, including state boards of pharmacy and departments of health and the FDA, to regulate the pharmaceutical distribution system in order to prevent the introduction of counterfeit, adulterated and/or mislabeled drugs into the pharmaceutical distribution system (pedigree tracking). Certain states have adopted or are considering laws and regulations that are intended to protect the integrity of the pharmaceutical distribution system, while other government agencies are currently evaluating their recommendations. For example, Florida has adopted pedigree tracking requirements and California has enacted a law requiring chain of custody technology using radio frequency tagging and electronic pedigrees, which will be effective for us in July 2016.
In addition, the Food and Drug Administration Amendments Act of 2007, which went into effect on October 1, 2007, requires the FDA to establish standards and identify and validate effective technologies for the purpose of securing the pharmaceutical supply chain against counterfeit drugs. These standards may include any track-and-trace or authentication technologies, such as radio frequency identification devices and other similar technologies. On March 26, 2010, the FDA released the Serialized Numerical Identifier (SNI) guidance for manufacturers who serialize pharmaceutical packaging. We expect to be able to accommodate these SNI regulations in our distribution operations. Nonetheless, these pedigree tracking laws and regulations could increase the overall regulatory burden and costs associated with our pharmaceutical distribution business, and could have a material adverse impact on our results of operations.
Privacy: State, federal and foreign laws regulate the confidentiality of sensitive personal information, how that information may be used, and the circumstances under which such information may be released. These regulations govern the disclosure and use of confidential personal and patient medical record information and require the users of such information to implement specified privacy and security measures. Regulations currently in place, including regulations governing electronic health data transmissions, continue to evolve and are often unclear and difficult to apply. Although we modified our policies, procedures and systems to comply with the current requirements of applicable state, federal and foreign laws, including the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) and the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act portion of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, new laws and regulations in this area could restrict the ability of our customers to obtain, use or disseminate personal or patient information, or it could require us to incur significant additional costs to re-design our products in a timely manner, either of which could have a material adverse impact on our results of operations. In addition, the HITECH Act expanded HIPAA privacy and security requirements and increased financial penalties for violations. It also extended certain provisions of the federal privacy and security standards to us in our capacity as a business associate of our payer and provider customers. These standards may be interpreted by a regulatory authority in a manner that could require us to make a material change to our operations. Furthermore, failure to maintain confidentiality of sensitive personal information in accordance with applicable regulatory requirements could expose us to breach of contract claims, fines and penalties, costs for remediation and harm to our reputation.
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Health Care Reform: The Affordable Care Act significantly expanded health insurance coverage to uninsured Americans and changed the way health care is financed by both governmental and private payers. Although the U.S. Supreme Court is considering whether to strike down some or all of the Acts provisions, further federal and state proposals for healthcare reform are likely. We do not currently anticipate that the Affordable Care Act or any resulting federal and state healthcare reforms will have a material impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations. However, given the scope of the changes made and under consideration, as well as the uncertainties associated with implementation of healthcare reforms, we cannot predict their full effect on the Company at this time.
Interoperability Standards: There is increasing demand among customers, industry groups and government authorities that healthcare software and systems provided by various vendors be compatible with each other. This need for interoperability is leading to the development of standards by various groups, and certain federal and state agencies are also developing standards that could become mandatory for systems purchased by these agencies. For example, the HITECH Act requires meaningful use of certified healthcare information technology products by healthcare providers in order to receive stimulus funds from the federal government. Effective September 27, 2010, CMS issued a rule that utilizes a staged approach for defining meaningful use criteria. Under the staged approach, CMS has issued rules that identify the initial criteria for meaningful use and is updating these initial criteria with additional rules. In addition, these standards are subject to interpretation by the entities designed to certify such technology. A combination of our solutions has been certified as meeting the initial criteria. However, we may incur increased development costs and delays in upgrading our customer software and systems to be in compliance with these varying and evolving standards. In addition, these new standards may lengthen our sales and implementation cycle and we may incur costs in periods prior to the corresponding recognition of revenue. To the extent these standards are narrowly construed or delayed in publication, or that we are delayed in achieving certification under these evolving standards for applicable products, our customers may postpone or cancel their decisions to purchase or implement our software and systems.
FDA Regulation of Medical Software. The FDA has increasingly focused on the regulation of medical software, computer products and computer-assisted products as medical devices under the federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act. For example, effective April 18, 2011, the FDA issued a new rule regulating certain computer data systems as medical devices. If the FDA chooses to regulate any of our products as medical devices, it can impose extensive requirements upon us. If we fail to comply with the applicable requirements, the FDA could respond by imposing fines, injunctions or civil penalties, requiring recalls or product corrections, suspending production, refusing to grant pre-market clearance of products, withdrawing clearances and initiating criminal prosecution. Additionally, beginning in calendar 2013, the Affordable Care Act provides that a tax in an amount equal to 2.3 percent of the price for which the manufacturer sells its medical devices will have to be paid by each medical device manufacturer. Since we sell medical devices, we may be impacted by this tax. Any additional FDA regulations governing computer products, once issued, may increase the cost and time to market new or existing products or may prevent us from marketing our products.
Standards for Submission of Health Care Claims: HHS has adopted two new rules that impact healthcare claims submitted for reimbursement. The first rule modifies the standards for electronic health care transactions (e.g., eligibility, claims submission and payment and electronic remittance) from Version 4010/4010A to Version 5010. The enforcement deadline for the 5010 rule has been extended through June 30, 2012. The second rule updated and expanded the standard medical code sets for diagnosis and procedure coding from International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) to International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10). HHS has postponed the compliance date for ICD-10 conversion, previously October 1, 2013, for an unspecified period. Updating systems to Version 5010 is required for use of the ICD-10 code set. Generally, claims submitted not using Version 5010 and ICD-10 when required will not be processed, and health plans not accepting transactions using Version 5010 and ICD-10 may experience significant increases in customer service inquiries. We may incur increased development costs and delays in delivering solutions and upgrading our software and systems to be in compliance with these new standards. In addition, these standards may lengthen our sales and implementation cycle and we may incur costs in periods prior to the corresponding recognition of revenue. Delays in providing software and systems that are in compliance with the new standards may result in postponement or cancellation of our customers decisions to purchase our software and systems.
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Medical Billing and Coding: Medical billing, coding and collection activities are governed by numerous federal and state civil and criminal laws. In connection with these laws, we may be subjected to federal or state government investigations and possible penalties may be imposed upon us, false claims actions may have to be defended, private payers may file claims against us and we may be excluded from Medicare, Medicaid or other government-funded healthcare programs. Any such proceeding or investigation could have a material adverse impact on our results of operations.
Changes in the Canadian healthcare industry and regulatory environment could have a material adverse impact on our results of operations.
The provincial governments in Canada provide partial funding for the purchase of pharmaceuticals and independently regulate the sale and reimbursement of drugs. Similar to the United States, the Canadian healthcare industry has undergone significant changes in recent years in an effort to reduce program costs. For example, in 2006 the Ontario government significantly revised the drug reimbursement system with the passage of the Transparent Drug System for Patients Act. In recent years, to reduce the cost for taxpayers, various provinces took further steps to reform the rules regarding the sale of generic drugs. These changes include the significant lowering of prices for generic pharmaceuticals and, in some provinces, the elimination or reduction of professional allowances paid to pharmacists by generic manufacturers. These reforms may adversely affect the distribution of drugs as well as the pricing for prescription drugs for the Companys operations in Canada. Other provinces are considering similar changes, which would also lower pharmaceutical pricing and service fees. Individually or in combination, such changes in the Canadian healthcare environment may significantly reduce our Canadian revenue and operating profit.
Competition may erode our profit.
In every area of healthcare distribution operations, our Distribution Solutions segment faces strong competition, both in price and service, from national, regional and local full-line, short-line and specialty wholesalers, service merchandisers, self-warehousing chains, manufacturers engaged in direct distribution, third-party logistics companies and large payer organizations. In addition, this segment faces competition from various other service providers and from pharmaceutical and other healthcare manufacturers as well as other potential customers of the segment, which may from time-to-time decide to develop, for their own internal needs, supply management capabilities that would otherwise be provided by the segment. Price, quality of service, and in some cases, convenience to the customer are generally the principal competitive elements in this segment.
Our Technology Solutions segment experiences substantial competition from many firms, including other software services firms, consulting firms, shared service vendors, certain hospitals and hospital groups, payers, care management organizations, hardware vendors and internet-based companies with technology applicable to the healthcare industry. Competition varies in size from small to large companies, in geographical coverage and in scope and breadth of products and services offered. These competitive pressures could have a material adverse impact on our results of operations.
A material reduction in purchases or the loss of a large customer or group purchasing organization, as well as substantial defaults in payment by a large customer or group purchasing organization, could have a material adverse impact on our financial condition, results of operations and liquidity.
In recent years, a significant portion of our revenue growth has been with a limited number of large customers. During 2012, sales to our ten largest customers accounted for approximately 52% of our total consolidated revenues. Sales to our two largest customers, CVS and Rite Aid, accounted for approximately 16% and 10% of our total consolidated revenues. At March 31, 2012, accounts receivable from our ten largest customers were approximately 49% of total accounts receivable. Accounts receivable from CVS, Walmart and Rite Aid were approximately 17%, 10% and 9% of total accounts receivable. As a result, our sales and credit concentration is significant. We also have agreements with group purchasing organizations (GPOs), each of which functions as a purchasing agent on behalf of member hospitals, pharmacies and other healthcare providers, as well as with government entities and agencies. A material default in payment, change in our customer mix, reduction in purchases, or the loss of a large customer or GPO could have a material adverse impact on our financial condition, results of operations and liquidity.
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We generally sell our products and services to customers on credit that is short-term in nature and unsecured. Any adverse change in general economic conditions can adversely reduce sales to our customers, affect consumer buying practices or cause our customers to delay or be unable to pay accounts receivable owed to us, which may in turn materially reduce our revenue growth and cause a material decrease in our profitability and cash flow. Further, interest rate fluctuations and changes in capital market conditions may also affect our customers ability to obtain credit to finance their business under acceptable terms, which in turn may materially reduce our revenue growth and cause a decrease in our profitability.
Contracts with the U.S. federal government and other governments and their agencies pose additional risks relating to future funding and compliance.
Contracts with the U.S. federal government and other governments and their agencies are subject to various uncertainties, restrictions and regulations, including oversight audits by various government authorities and profit and cost controls. Government contracts also are exposed to uncertainties associated with funding. Contracts with the U.S. federal government, for example, are subject to the uncertainties of Congressional funding. Governments are typically under no obligation to maintain funding at any specific level, and funds for government programs may even be eliminated. As a result, our government clients may terminate our contracts for convenience or decide not to renew our contracts with little or no prior notice. The loss of such contracts could have a material adverse impact on our results of operations.
In addition, since government contracts are subject to specific procurement regulations and a variety of other socio-economic requirements, we must comply with such requirements. For example, for contracts with the U.S. federal government, with certain exceptions, we must comply with the Federal Acquisition Regulation, the Truth in Negotiations Act, and the Cost Accounting Standards. We must also comply with various other government regulations and requirements as well as various statutes related to employment practices, environmental protection, recordkeeping and accounting. These regulations and requirements affect how we transact business with our clients and, in some instances, impose additional costs on our business operations. Government contracts also contain terms that expose us to higher levels of risk and potential liability than non-government contracts.
We also are subject to government audits, investigations, and proceedings. For example, government agencies routinely review and audit government contractors to determine whether allowable costs are in accordance with applicable government regulations. These audits can result in adjustments to the amount of contract costs we believe are reimbursable by the agencies and the amount of our overhead costs allocated to the agencies.
If we violate these rules or regulations, fail to comply with a contractual or other requirement or do not satisfy an audit, a variety of penalties can be imposed by the government including disallowance of costs claimed, monetary damages and criminal and civil penalties. In addition, any or all of our government contracts could be terminated, we could be suspended or debarred from all government contract work. The occurrence of any of these actions could harm our reputation and could have a material adverse impact on our results of operations.
Our future results could be materially affected by a number of public health issues whether occurring in the United States or abroad.
Public health issues, whether occurring in the United States or abroad, could disrupt our operations, disrupt the operations of suppliers or customers, or have a broader adverse impact on consumer spending and confidence levels that would negatively affect our suppliers and customers. We have developed contingency plans to address infectious disease scenarios and the potential impact on our operations, and we will continue to update these plans as necessary. However, there can be no assurance that these plans will be effective in eliminating the negative impact of any such diseases on the Companys operating results. We may be required to suspend operations in some or all of our locations, which could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
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Our Distribution Solutions segment is dependent upon sophisticated information systems. The implementation delay, malfunction, or failure of these systems for any extended period of time or breach of these systems could have a material adverse impact on our business.
We rely on sophisticated information systems in our business to obtain, rapidly process, analyze and manage data to: (1) facilitate the purchase and distribution of thousands of inventory items from numerous distribution centers; (2) receive, process and ship orders and handle other product and services on a timely basis; (3) manage the accurate billing and collections for thousands of customers; and (4) process payments to suppliers. If these systems are interrupted, damaged or breached by an unforeseen event or actions of a third party, such as a cyber attack, or fail for any extended period of time, we could have a material adverse impact on our results of operations.
We could experience losses or liability not covered by insurance.
In order to provide prompt and complete service to our major Distribution Solutions segments customers, we maintain significant product inventory at certain of our distribution centers. While we seek to maintain property insurance coverage in amounts sufficient for our business, there can be no assurance that our property insurance will be adequate or available on acceptable terms. One or more large casualty losses caused by fire, earthquake or other natural disaster in excess of our coverage limits could have a material adverse impact on our results of operations.
Our business exposes us to risks that are inherent in the distribution, manufacturing, dispensing and administration of pharmaceuticals and medical-surgical supplies, the provision of ancillary services, the conduct of our payer businesses (which include care management programs and our nurse advice services) and the provision of products that assist clinical decision-making and relate to patient medical histories and treatment plans. If customers or individuals assert liability claims against our products and/or services, any ensuing litigation, regardless of outcome, could result in a substantial cost to us, divert managements attention from operations and decrease market acceptance of our products. We attempt to limit our liability to customers by contract; however, the limitations of liability set forth in the contracts may not be enforceable or may not otherwise protect us from liability for damages. Additionally, we may be subject to claims that are not explicitly covered by contract, such as a claim directly by a patient. We also maintain general liability coverage; however, this coverage may not continue to be available on acceptable terms, may not be available in sufficient amounts to cover one or more large claims against us and may include larger self-insured retentions or exclusions for certain products. In addition, the insurer might disclaim coverage as to any future claim. A successful product or professional liability claim not fully covered by our insurance could have a material adverse impact on our results of operations.
The failure of our healthcare technology businesses to attract and retain customers due to challenges in software product integration or to keep pace with technological advances may significantly reduce our results of operations.
Our healthcare technology businesses, the bulk of which resides in our Technology Solutions segment, deliver enterprise-wide clinical, patient care, financial, supply chain, strategic management software solutions and pharmacy automation to hospitals, physicians, homecare providers, retail and mail order pharmacies and payers. Challenges integrating software products could impair our ability to attract and retain customers, and it could have a material adverse impact on our consolidated results of operations and a disproportionate impact on the results of operations of our Technology Solutions segment.
Future advances in the healthcare information systems industry could lead to new technologies, products or services that are competitive with the technology products and services offered by our various businesses. Such technological advances could also lower the cost of such products and services or otherwise result in competitive pricing pressure or render our products obsolete.
The success of our technology businesses will depend, in part, on our ability to be responsive to technological developments, pricing pressures and changing business models. To remain competitive in the evolving healthcare information systems marketplace, our technology businesses must also develop new products on a timely basis. The failure to develop competitive products and to introduce new products on a timely basis could curtail the ability of our technology businesses to attract and retain customers, and thereby it could have a material adverse impact on our results of operations.
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Proprietary protections may not be adequate and products may be found to infringe the rights of third parties.
We rely on a combination of trade secret, patent, copyright and trademark laws, nondisclosure and other contractual provisions and technical measures to protect our proprietary rights in our products and solutions. There can be no assurance that these protections will be adequate or that our competitors will not independently develop products or solutions that are equivalent or superior to ours. In addition, despite protective measures, we may be subject to unauthorized use of our technology due to copying, reverse-engineering or other infringement. Although we believe that our products, solutions and services do not infringe the proprietary rights of third parties, from time-to-time third parties have asserted infringement claims against us and there can be no assurance that third parties will not assert infringement claims against us in the future. If we were found to be infringing others rights, we may be required to pay substantial damage awards and forced to develop non-infringing products or technology, obtain a license or cease selling or using the products that contain the infringing elements. Additionally, we may find it necessary to initiate litigation to protect our trade secrets, to enforce our patent, copyright and trademark rights and to determine the scope and validity of the proprietary rights of others. These types of litigation can be costly and time consuming. These litigation expenses, damage payments or costs of developing replacement products or technology could have a material adverse impact on our results of operations.
System errors or failures of our products to conform to specifications could cause unforeseen liabilities or injury, harm our reputation and have a material adverse impact on our results of operations.
The software and software systems (systems) that we sell or operate are very complex. As with complex systems offered by others, our systems may contain errors, especially when first introduced. For example, our Technology Solutions segments business systems are intended to provide information for healthcare providers in providing patient care. Therefore, users of our systems have a greater sensitivity to errors than the general market for software products. If our software or systems lead to faulty clinical decisions or injury to patients, we could be subject to claims or litigation by our clients, clinicians or patients. In addition, such failures could damage our reputation and could negatively affect future sales.
Failure of a clients system to perform in accordance with our documentation could constitute a breach of warranty and could require us to incur additional expense in order to make the system comply with the documentation. If such failure is not remedied in a timely manner, it could constitute a material breach under a contract, allowing the client to cancel the contract, obtain refunds of amounts previously paid or assert claims for significant damages.
Various risks could interrupt customers access to their data residing in our service center, exposing us to significant costs.
We provide remote hosting services that involve operating both our software and the software of third-party vendors for our customers. The ability to access the systems and the data that we host and support on demand is critical to our customers. Our operations and facilities are vulnerable to interruption and/or damage from a number of sources, many of which are beyond our control, including, without limitation: (1) power loss and telecommunications failures; (2) fire, flood, hurricane and other natural disasters; (3) software and hardware errors, failures or crashes; and (4) cyber attacks, computer viruses, hacking and other similar disruptive problems. We attempt to mitigate these risks through various means including disaster recovery plans, separate test systems and change controls, information security procedures, and continued development and enhancement of our cyber security, but our precautions may not protect against all risks. If customers access is interrupted because of problems in the operation of our facilities, we could be exposed to significant claims, particularly if the access interruption is associated with problems in the timely delivery of medical care. If customers access is interrupted from failure or breach of our operational or information security systems, or those of our third party service providers, we could suffer reputational harm or be exposed to liabilities arising from the unauthorized and improper use or disclosure of confidential or proprietary information. We must maintain disaster recovery and business continuity plans that rely upon third-party providers of related services and if those vendors fail us at a time that our center is not operating correctly, we could incur a loss of revenue and liability for failure to fulfill our contractual service commitments. Any significant instances of system downtime could negatively affect our reputation and ability to sell our remote hosting services.
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The length of our sales and implementation cycles for our Technology Solutions segment could have a material adverse impact on our future results of operations.
Many of the solutions offered by our Technology Solutions segment have long sales and implementation cycles, which could range from a few months to two years or more from initial contact with the customer to completion of implementation. How and when to implement, replace, or expand an information system, or modify or add business processes, are major decisions for healthcare organizations. Many of the solutions we provide typically require significant capital expenditures and time commitments by the customer. Any decision by our customers to delay or cancel implementation could have a material adverse impact on our results of operations. Furthermore, delays or failures to meet milestones established in our agreements may result in a breach of contract, termination of the agreement, damages and/or penalties as well as a reduction in our margins or a delay in our ability to recognize revenue.
We may be required to record a significant charge to earnings if our goodwill or intangible assets become impaired.
We are required under U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) to test our goodwill for impairment, annually or more frequently if indicators for potential impairment exist. Indicators that are considered include significant changes in performance relative to expected operating results, significant changes in the use of the assets, significant negative industry, or economic trends or a significant decline in the Companys stock price and/or market capitalization for a sustained period of time. In addition, we periodically review our intangible assets for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable. Factors that may be considered a change in circumstances indicating that the carrying value of our intangible assets may not be recoverable include slower growth rates and the loss of a significant customer. We may be required to record a significant charge to earnings in our consolidated financial statements during the period in which any impairment of our goodwill or intangible assets is determined. This could have a material adverse impact on our results of operations. There are inherent uncertainties in managements estimates, judgments and assumptions used in assessing recoverability of goodwill and intangible assets. Any changes in key assumptions, including failure to meet business plans, a further deterioration in the market or other unanticipated events and circumstances, may affect the accuracy or validity of such estimates and could potentially result in an impairment charge.
Our foreign operations may subject us to a number of operating, economic, political and regulatory risks that may have a material adverse impact on our financial condition and results of operations.
We have operations based in, and we source and contract manufacture pharmaceutical and medical-surgical products in, a number of foreign countries. In the future, we look to continue to grow our foreign operations both organically and through acquisitions and investments; however, increasing our foreign operations carries additional risks. Operations outside of the United States may be affected by changes in trade protection laws, policies and measures and other regulatory requirements affecting trade and investment; unexpected changes in regulatory requirements for software, social, political, labor or economic conditions in a specific country or region; import/export regulations in both the United States and foreign countries and difficulties in staffing and managing foreign operations. Political changes and natural disasters, some of which may be disruptive, can interfere with our supply chain, our customers and all of our activities in a particular location. We may also be affected by potentially adverse tax consequences and difficulties associated with repatriating cash generated or held abroad. Additionally, foreign operations expose us to foreign currency fluctuations that could adversely impact our results of operations based on the movements of the applicable foreign currency exchange rates in relation to the U.S. dollar.
Foreign operations are also subject to risks of violations of laws prohibiting improper payments and bribery, including the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and similar regulations in foreign jurisdictions. Failure to comply with these laws could subject us to civil and criminal penalties that could have a material adverse impact on our financial condition and results of operations.
20
McKESSON CORPORATION
We also may experience difficulties and delays inherent in sourcing products and contract manufacturing from foreign countries, including but not limited to: (1) difficulties in complying with the requirements of applicable federal, state and local governmental authorities in the United States and of foreign regulatory authorities; (2) inability to increase production capacity commensurate with demand or the failure to predict market demand; (3) other manufacturing or distribution problems including changes in types of products produced, limits to manufacturing capacity due to regulatory requirements, physical limitations, or scarce or inadequate resources that could impact continuous supply; and (4) damage to our reputation due to real or perceived quality issues. Manufacturing difficulties could result in production shutdowns, product shortages and other similar delays in product manufacturing that could have a material adverse impact on our financial condition and results of operations.
Tax legislation initiatives or challenges to our tax positions could have a material adverse impact on our results of operations.
We are a large multinational corporation with operations in the United States and international jurisdictions. As such, we are subject to the tax laws and regulations of the United States federal, state and local governments and of many international jurisdictions. From time-to-time, legislation may be enacted that could adversely affect our tax positions. There can be no assurance that our effective tax rate and the resulting cash flow will not be adversely affected by these changes in legislation. For example, if legislation is passed to repeal the LIFO (last-in, first-out) method of inventory accounting for income tax purposes, it would adversely impact our cash flow, and if legislation is passed to change the current U.S. taxation treatment of income from foreign operations, it may adversely impact our income tax expense. The tax laws and regulations of the various countries where we have major operations are extremely complex and subject to varying interpretations. Although we believe that our historical tax positions are sound and consistent with applicable laws, regulations and existing precedent, there can be no assurance that these tax positions will not be challenged by relevant tax authorities or that we would be successful in any such challenge.
Our business could be hindered if we are unable to complete and integrate acquisitions successfully.
An element of our strategy is to identify, pursue and consummate acquisitions that either expand or complement our business. Since 2010, we have completed approximately $3.4 billion of business acquisitions. Integration of acquisitions involves a number of significant risks, including the diversion of managements attention to the assimilation of the operations of businesses we have acquired; difficulties in the integration of operations and systems; the realization of potential operating synergies; the assimilation and retention of the personnel of the acquired companies; accounting, regulatory or compliance issues that could arise, including internal control over financial reporting; challenges in retaining the customers, including physician affiliates, of the combined businesses. Further, acquisitions may have a material adverse impact on our operating results if unanticipated expenses or charges to earnings were to occur, including unanticipated depreciation and amortization expenses over the useful lives of certain assets acquired, as well as costs related to potential impairment charges, assumed litigation and unknown liabilities. In addition, we may potentially require additional financing in order to fund future acquisitions, which may or may not be attainable and is subject to potential volatility in the credit markets. If we are unable to successfully complete and integrate strategic acquisitions in a timely manner, our business and our growth strategies could be negatively affected.
Volatility and disruption to the global capital and credit markets may adversely affect our ability to access credit, our cost of credit and the financial soundness of our customers and suppliers.
Volatility and disruption in the global capital and credit markets, including the bankruptcy or restructuring of certain financial institutions, reduced lending activity by other financial institutions, decreased liquidity and increased costs in the commercial paper market and the reduced market for securitizations, may adversely affect the availability and cost of credit already arranged and the availability, terms and cost of credit in the future, including any arrangements to renew or replace our current credit or financing arrangements. Although we believe that our operating cash flow, financial assets, current access to capital and credit markets, including our existing credit and sales facilities, will give us the ability to meet our financing needs for the foreseeable future, there can be no assurance that continued or increased volatility and disruption in the global capital and credit markets will not impair our liquidity or increase our costs of borrowing.
21
McKESSON CORPORATION
Our $1.35 billion accounts receivable sales facility is generally renewed annually and will expire in May 2012. Historically, we have primarily used the accounts receivable sales facility to fund working capital requirements, as needed. We anticipate renewing this facility before its expiration. Although we believe we will be able to renew this facility, there is no assurance that we will be able to do so.
Our business could also be negatively impacted if our customers or suppliers experience disruptions resulting from tighter capital and credit markets or a slowdown in the general economy. As a result, customers may modify, delay or cancel plans to purchase or implement our products or services and suppliers may increase their prices, reduce their output or change their terms of sale. Additionally, if customers or suppliers operating and financial performance deteriorates or if they are unable to make scheduled payments or obtain credit, customers may not be able to pay, or may delay payment of accounts receivable owed to us and suppliers may restrict credit, impose different payment terms or be unable to make payments due to us for fees, returned products or incentives. Any inability of customers to pay us for our products and services or any demands by suppliers for different payment terms may have a material adverse impact on our results of operations and cash flow.
Changes in accounting standards issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) or other standard-setting bodies may adversely affect our financial statements.
Our financial statements are subject to the application of U.S. GAAP, which is periodically revised and/or expanded. Accordingly, from time-to-time we are required to adopt new or revised accounting standards issued by recognized authoritative bodies, including the FASB and the SEC. It is possible that future accounting standards we are required to adopt could change the current accounting treatment that we apply to our consolidated financial statements and that such changes could have a material adverse impact on our results of operations and financial condition.
Item 1B. | Unresolved Staff Comments. |
None.
Item 2. | Properties. |
Because of the nature of our principal businesses, our plant, warehousing, office and other facilities are operated in widely dispersed locations, mostly throughout the U.S. and Canada. The warehouses are typically owned or leased on a long-term basis. We consider our operating properties to be in satisfactory condition and adequate to meet our needs for the next several years without making capital expenditures materially higher than historical levels. Information as to material lease commitments is included in Financial Note 17, Lease Obligations, to the consolidated financial statements appearing in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Item 3. | Legal Proceedings. |
Certain legal proceedings in which we are involved are discussed in Financial Note 19, Other Commitments and Contingent Liabilities, to the consolidated financial statements appearing in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures. |
Not applicable.
22
McKESSON CORPORATION
Executive Officers of the Registrant
The following table sets forth information regarding the executive officers of the Company, including their principal occupations during the past five years. The number of years of service with the Company includes service with predecessor companies.
There are no family relationships between any of the executive officers or directors of the Company. The executive officers are elected on an annual basis generally and their term expires at the first meeting of the Board of Directors (Board) following the annual meeting of stockholders, or until their successors are elected and have qualified, or until death, resignation or removal, whichever is sooner.
Name |
Age |
Position with Registrant and Business Experience | ||
John H. Hammergren | 53 | Chairman of the Board since July 2002; President and Chief Executive Officer since April 2001; and a director since July 1999. Service with the Company 16 years. | ||
Jeffrey C. Campbell | 51 | Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer since April 2004. Service with the Company 8 years. | ||
Patrick J. Blake | 48 | Executive Vice President and Group President since June 2009; President of McKesson Specialty Care Solutions (now McKesson Specialty Health) from April 2006 to June 2009. Service with the Company 16 years. | ||
Jorge L. Figueredo | 51 | Executive Vice President, Human Resources since May 2008; Senior Vice President, Human Resources, Dow Jones, Inc. from February 2007 to January 2008. Service with the Company 4 years. | ||
Paul C. Julian | 56 | Executive Vice President and Group President since April 2004. Service with the Company 16 years. | ||
Laureen E. Seeger | 50 | Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Chief Compliance Officer since April 2010 (functionally has served as chief compliance officer since March 2006); Executive Vice President and General Counsel from July 2009 to April 2010; Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary from March 2006 to July 2009. Service with the Company 12 years. | ||
Randall N. Spratt | 60 | Executive Vice President, Chief Technology Officer and Chief Information Officer since April 2009; Executive Vice President, Chief Information Officer from July 2005 to April 2009. Service with the Company 26 years. |
23
McKESSON CORPORATION
Item 5. | Market for the Registrants Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities. |
(a) | Market Information: The principal market on which the Companys common stock is traded is the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). |
The following table sets forth the high and low sales prices for our common stock as reported on NYSE for each quarterly period of the two most recently completed fiscal years:
2012 | 2011 | |||||||||||||||
High |
Low |
High |
Low |
|||||||||||||
First quarter |
$ | 87.32 | $ | 77.55 | $ | 71.49 | $ | 62.94 | ||||||||
Second quarter |
$ | 84.96 | $ | 70.86 | $ | 69.48 | $ | 57.81 | ||||||||
Third quarter |
$ | 85.70 | $ | 66.61 | $ | 71.09 | $ | 59.54 | ||||||||
Fourth quarter |
$ | 88.91 | $ | 74.89 | $ | 81.00 | $ | 70.44 | ||||||||
|
(b) | Holders: The number of record holders of the Companys common stock at March 31, 2012 was approximately 7,700. |
(c) | Dividends: In April 2011, the Companys quarterly dividend was raised from $0.18 to $0.20 per common share for dividends declared after such date, until further action by the Companys Board of Directors (the Board). The Company declared regular cash dividends of $0.80 per share (or $0.20 per share per quarter) in the year ended March 31, 2012 and $0.72 per share (or $0.18 per share per quarter) in the year ended March 31, 2011. |
The Company anticipates that it will continue to pay quarterly cash dividends in the future. However, the payment and amount of future dividends remain within the discretion of the Board and will depend upon the Companys future earnings, financial condition, capital requirements and other factors.
(d) | Securities Authorized for Issuance under Equity Compensation Plans: Information relating to this item is provided under Part III, Item 12, to this Annual Report on Form 10-K. |
(e) | Share Repurchase Plans: Stock repurchases may be made from time-to-time in open market transactions, privately negotiated transactions, through accelerated share repurchase (ASR) programs, or by any combination of such methods. The timing of any repurchases and the actual number of shares repurchased will depend on a variety of factors, including our stock price, corporate and regulatory requirements, restrictions under our debt obligations and other market and economic conditions. |
In January 2012, the Board authorized the repurchase of an additional $650 million of the Companys common stock, bringing the total authorization outstanding to $1.5 billion.
In March 2012, the Company entered into an ASR program with a third party financial institution to repurchase $1.2 billion of the Companys common stock. The program was funded with cash on hand. As of March 31, 2012, the Company had received 12 million shares representing the minimum number of shares due under this program. The total number of shares to be ultimately repurchased by the Company under this program will be determined at the completion of the program based on the average daily volume-weighted average price of the Companys common stock during the program, less a discount. This program is anticipated to be completed no later than the second quarter of 2013. As of March 31, 2012, $0.3 billion remained available for future repurchases under the January 2012 authorization.
In April 2012, the Board authorized the repurchase of an additional $700 million of the Companys common stock, bringing the total authorization outstanding to $1.0 billion.
24
McKESSON CORPORATION
The following table provides information on the Companys share repurchases during the fourth quarter of 2012:
Share Repurchases (1) | ||||||||||||||
(In millions, except price per share) | Total Number of Shares |
Average Price Paid per Share |
Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Programs |
Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Programs |
||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||
January 1, 2012 January 31, 2012 |
| $ | | $ | 1,500 | |||||||||
February 1, 2012 February 29, 2012 |
| | | 1,500 | ||||||||||
March 1, 2012 March 31, 2012 |
12.0 | 87.19 (2) | 12.0 | 300 | ||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Total |
12.0 | 12.0 | 300 | |||||||||||
|
(1) | This table does not include shares tendered to satisfy the exercise price in connection with cashless exercises of employee stock options or shares tendered to satisfy tax-withholding obligations in connection with employee equity awards. |
(2) | The average price paid per share under the March 2012 ASR program was based on the average daily volume-weighted average price of our common stock less a discount calculated as of March 31, 2012. The final settlement price per share under the March 2012 ASR program will be determined upon completion of the program. |
25
McKESSON CORPORATION
(f) | Stock Price Performance Graph*: The following graph compares the cumulative total stockholder return on the Companys common stock for the periods indicated with the Standard & Poors 500 Index and the Value Line Healthcare Sector Index (composed of 158 companies in the health care industry, including the Company). |
March 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | |||||||||||||||||||
McKesson Corporation |
$ | 100.00 | $ | 89.81 | $ | 60.73 | $ | 114.92 | $ | 139.72 | $ | 156.68 | ||||||||||||
S&P 500 Index | $ | 100.00 | $ | 94.92 | $ | 58.77 | $ | 88.02 | $ | 101.79 | $ | 110.49 | ||||||||||||
Value Line Healthcare Sector Index |
$ | 100.00 | $ | 94.52 | $ | 72.44 | $ | 100.35 | $ | 119.57 | $ | 136.05 |
* | Assumes $100 invested in McKessons common stock and in each index on March 31, 2007 and that all dividends are reinvested. |
26
McKESSON CORPORATION
Item 6. | Selected Financial Data. |
FIVE-YEAR HIGHLIGHTS
As of and for the Years Ended March 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
(In millions, except per share data and ratios) | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | |||||||||||||||
Operating Results |
||||||||||||||||||||
Revenues |
$ | 122,734 | $ | 112,084 | $ | 108,702 | $ | 106,632 | $ | 101,703 | ||||||||||
Percent change |
9.5 | % | 3.1 | % | 1.9 | % | 4.8 | % | 9.4 | % | ||||||||||
Gross profit |
6,567 | 5,970 | 5,676 | 5,378 | 5,009 | |||||||||||||||
Income from continuing operations before income taxes |
1,919 | 1,635 | 1,864 | 1,064 | 1,457 | |||||||||||||||
Income after income taxes |
||||||||||||||||||||
Continuing operations |
1,403 | 1,130 | 1,263 | 823 | 989 | |||||||||||||||
Discontinued operations |
| 72 | | | 1 | |||||||||||||||
Net income |
1,403 | 1,202 | 1,263 | 823 | 990 | |||||||||||||||
Financial Position |
||||||||||||||||||||
Working capital |
1,917 | 3,631 | 4,492 | 3,065 | 2,438 | |||||||||||||||
Days sales outstanding for: (1) |
||||||||||||||||||||
Customer receivables |
24 | 25 | 25 | 24 | 22 | |||||||||||||||
Inventories |
31 | 31 | 34 | 31 | 33 | |||||||||||||||
Drafts and accounts payable |
49 | 47 | 48 | 43 | 44 | |||||||||||||||
Total assets |
33,093 | 30,886 | 28,189 | 25,267 | 24,603 | |||||||||||||||
Total debt, including capital lease obligations |
3,980 | 4,004 | 2,297 | 2,512 | 1,797 | |||||||||||||||
Stockholders equity |
6,831 | 7,220 | 7,532 | 6,193 | 6,121 | |||||||||||||||
Property acquisitions |
225 | 233 | 199 | 195 | 195 | |||||||||||||||
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired |
1,156 | 292 | 18 | 358 | 610 | |||||||||||||||
Common Share Information |
||||||||||||||||||||
Common shares outstanding at year-end |
235 | 252 | 271 | 271 | 277 | |||||||||||||||
Shares on which earnings per common share were based |
||||||||||||||||||||
Diluted |
251 | 263 | 273 | 279 | 298 | |||||||||||||||
Basic |
246 | 258 | 269 | 275 | 291 | |||||||||||||||
Diluted earnings per common share (2) |
||||||||||||||||||||
Continuing operations |
$ | 5.59 | $ | 4.29 | $ | 4.62 | $ | 2.95 | $ | 3.32 | ||||||||||
Discontinued operations |
| 0.28 | | | | |||||||||||||||
Total |
5.59 | 4.57 | 4.62 | 2.95 | 3.32 | |||||||||||||||
Cash dividends declared |
202 | 188 | 131 | 134 | 70 | |||||||||||||||
Cash dividends declared per common share |
0.80 | 0.72 | 0.48 | 0.48 | 0.24 | |||||||||||||||
Book value per common share (2) (3) |
29.07 | 28.65 | 27.79 | 22.87 | 22.10 | |||||||||||||||
Market value per common share year end |
87.77 | 79.05 | 65.72 | 35.04 | 52.37 | |||||||||||||||
Supplemental Data |
||||||||||||||||||||
Capital employed (4) |
10,811 | 11,224 | 9,829 | 8,705 | 7,918 | |||||||||||||||
Debt to capital ratio (5) |
36.8 | % | 35.7 | % | 23.4 | % | 28.9 | % | 22.7 | % | ||||||||||
Net debt to net capital employed (6) |
10.8 | % | 5.1 | % | (23.5 | )% | 6.1 | % | 6.6 | % | ||||||||||
Average stockholders equity (7) |
7,108 | 7,105 | 6,768 | 6,214 | 6,344 | |||||||||||||||
Return on stockholders equity (8) |
19.7 | % | 16.9 | % | 18.7 | % | 13.2 | % | 15.6 | % |
Footnotes to Five-Year Highlights:
(1) | Based on year-end balances and sales or cost of sales for the last 90 days of the year. |
(2) | Certain computations may reflect rounding adjustments. |
(3) | Represents stockholders equity divided by year-end common shares outstanding. |
(4) | Consists of the sum of total debt and stockholders equity. |
(5) | Ratio is computed as total debt divided by capital employed. |
(6) | Ratio is computed as total debt, net of cash and cash equivalents (net debt), divided by the sum of net debt and stockholders equity (net capital employed). |
(7) | Represents a five-quarter average of stockholders equity. |
(8) | Ratio is computed as net income divided by a five-quarter average of stockholders equity. |
27
McKESSON CORPORATION
FINANCIAL REVIEW
Item 7. | Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. |
GENERAL
Managements discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations, referred to as the Financial Review, is intended to assist the reader in the understanding and assessment of significant changes and trends related to the results of operations and financial position of the Company together with its subsidiaries. This discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and accompanying financial notes in Item 8 of Part II of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The Companys fiscal year begins on April 1 and ends on March 31. Unless otherwise noted, all references in this document to a particular year shall mean the Companys fiscal year.
Certain statements in this report constitute forward-looking statements. See Item 1 Business Forward-Looking Statements in Part I of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional factors relating to these statements; also see Item 1A Risk Factors in Part I of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for a list of certain risk factors applicable to our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We conduct our business through two operating segments: McKesson Distribution Solutions and McKesson Technology Solutions. See Financial Note 22, Segments of Business, to the consolidated financial statements appearing in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for a description of these segments.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Overview:
Years Ended March 31, | Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions, except per share data) | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | 2012 | 2011 | |||||||||||||||||||
Revenues |
$ | 122,734 | $ | 112,084 | $ | 108,702 | 10% | 3% | ||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
Gross Profit |
$ | 6,567 | $ | 5,970 | $ | 5,676 | 10% | 5% | ||||||||||||||||
Operating Expenses |
4,269 | 3,936 | 3,688 | 8 | 7 | |||||||||||||||||||
Litigation Charges (Credit), Net |
149 | 213 | (20) | (30) | | |||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
Total Operating Expenses |
4,418 | 4,149 | 3,668 | 6 | 13 | |||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
Other Income, Net |
21 | 36 | 43 | (42) | (16) | |||||||||||||||||||
Interest Expense |
(251) | (222) | (187) | 13 | 19 | |||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
Income from Continuing Operations Before Income Taxes |
1,919 | 1,635 | 1,864 | 17 | (12) | |||||||||||||||||||
Income Tax Expense |
(516) | (505) | (601) | 2 | (16) | |||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
Income from Continuing Operations |
1,403 | 1,130 | 1,263 | 24 | (11) | |||||||||||||||||||
Discontinued Operation gain on sale, net of tax |
| 72 | | | | |||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
Net Income |
$ | 1,403 | $ | 1,202 | $ | 1,263 | 17 | (5) | ||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
Diluted Earnings Per Common Share |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Continuing Operations |
$ | 5.59 | $ | 4.29 | $ | 4.62 | 30% | (7)% | ||||||||||||||||
Discontinued Operation |
| 0.28 | | | | |||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
Total |
$ | 5.59 | $ | 4.57 | $ | 4.62 | 22 | (1) | ||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
Weighted Average Diluted Common Shares |
251 | 263 | 273 | (5)% | (4)% | |||||||||||||||||||
|
Revenues increased over each of the last two years primarily reflecting market growth in our Distribution Solutions segment, which accounted for approximately 97% of our consolidated revenues. Additionally, revenues for 2012 and 2011 benefited from our December 30, 2010 acquisition of US Oncology Holdings, Inc. (US Oncology).
28
McKESSON CORPORATION
FINANCIAL REVIEW (Continued)
Gross profit and gross profit margin increased over each of the last two years. As a percentage of revenues, gross profit increased 2 basis points (bp) to 5.35% in 2012 and 11 bp to 5.33% in 2011. Gross profit margin increased in 2012 compared to 2011 primarily due to the addition of US Oncology, higher generics income in our Distribution Solutions segment and an increase in higher margin revenues in our Technology Solutions segment. These increases were partially offset by a decline in sell margin and by a $51 million benefit in 2011 associated with the receipt of our share of a settlement of an antitrust class action lawsuit brought against a drug manufacturer in our Distribution Solutions segment.
Gross profit margin increased in 2011 compared to 2010 primarily due to an increase in buy margin, higher generics income and the receipt of $51 million from an antitrust class action settlement in our Distribution Solutions segment. These increases were partially offset by a decline in our Technology Solutions segment margin, which included a $72 million asset impairment charge.
Operating expenses increased over each of the last two years primarily reflecting an increase in expenses associated with supporting our higher revenues, the addition of US Oncology, and higher employee compensation and benefits costs, which includes expenses associated with our Profit Sharing Investment Plan (PSIP). Operating expenses were also impacted by Average Wholesale Price (AWP) litigation charges of $149 million and $213 million in 2012 and 2011. Our litigation charges and PSIP expense are more fully described under the caption Operating Expenses in this Financial Review.
Other income, net was $21 million, $36 million and $43 million in 2012, 2011 and 2010. In 2011, other income, net includes the receipt of $16 million representing the reimbursement of post-acquisition interest expense by the former shareholders of US Oncology. In 2010, other income, net includes a $17 million pre-tax gain ($14 million after-tax) from the sale of our 50% equity interest in McKesson Logistic Solutions, LLC (MLS).
Interest expense increased over each of the last two years primarily due to the assumption of US Oncologys debt and the subsequent refinancing of the debt, which includes $25 million of bridge loan financing fees incurred in 2011. Additionally, 2011 interest expense benefited from repayment of $215 million of long-term debt in March 2010.
Our reported income tax rates were 26.9%, 30.9% and 32.2% in 2012, 2011 and 2010. Fluctuations in our reported income tax rates are primarily due to changes within our business mix, including varying proportions of income attributable to foreign countries that have lower income tax rates. In addition, in 2012, 2011 and 2010, income tax expense includes $66 million, $34 million and $7 million of net income tax benefits for discrete items, which primarily relates to the recognition of previously unrecognized tax benefits and accrued interest. Included in the 2012 discrete tax benefit, is a $31 million credit to income tax expense as a result of the reversal of an income tax reserve relating to our AWP litigation.
Net income was $1,403 million, $1,202 million and $1,263 million in 2012, 2011 and 2010, and diluted earnings per common share were $5.59, $4.57 and $4.62. Net income for 2012 and 2011 includes after-tax AWP litigation charges of $60 million and $149 million. Additionally, net income for 2011 includes a $72 million after-tax gain (or $0.28 per diluted share) on the sale of our Technology Solutions segments wholly-owned subsidiary, McKesson Asia Pacific Pty Limited (MAP), which was sold in July 2010. Historical financial results for this subsidiary were not material. Diluted earnings per common share were favorably affected by decreases in our weighted average shares outstanding due to the cumulative effect of share repurchases over the past three years.
Weighted average diluted common shares outstanding decreased over each of the last two years due to our share repurchases. In 2012, 2011, and 2010, we repurchased 20 million, 29 million and 8 million of our common shares.
29
McKESSON CORPORATION
FINANCIAL REVIEW (Continued)
Revenues:
Years Ended March 31, | Change | |||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | 2012 | 2011 | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||
Distribution Solutions |
||||||||||||||||||||
Direct distribution & services |
$ | 85,523 | $ | 77,554 | $ | 72,210 | 10% | 7% | ||||||||||||
Sales to customers warehouses |
20,453 | 18,631 | 21,435 | 10 | (13) | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||
Total U.S. pharmaceutical distribution & services |
105,976 | 96,185 | 93,645 | 10 | 3 | |||||||||||||||
Canada pharmaceutical distribution & services |
10,303 | 9,784 | 9,072 | 5 | 8 | |||||||||||||||
Medical-Surgical distribution & services |
3,145 | 2,920 | 2,861 | 8 | 2 | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||
Total Distribution Solutions |
119,424 | 108,889 | 105,578 | 10 | 3 | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||
Technology Solutions |
||||||||||||||||||||
Services |
2,594 | 2,483 | 2,439 | 4 | 2 | |||||||||||||||
Software & software systems |
596 | 590 | 571 | 1 | 3 | |||||||||||||||
Hardware |
120 | 122 | 114 | (2) | 7 | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||
Total Technology Solutions |
3,310 | 3,195 | 3,124 | 4 | 2 | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||
Total Revenues |
$ | 122,734 | $ | 112,084 | $ | 108,702 | 10 | 3 | ||||||||||||
|
Revenues increased 10% to $122.7 billion in 2012 and 3% to $112.1 billion in 2011. The increase in revenues in each year primarily reflects market growth in our Distribution Solutions segment, which accounted for approximately 97% of our consolidated revenues, and our acquisition of US Oncology.
Direct distribution and services revenues increased in 2012 compared to 2011 primarily due to market growth, which includes growing drug utilization and price increases, and from our acquisition of US Oncology. These increases were partially offset by price deflation associated with brand to generic drug conversions. Direct distribution and services revenues increased in 2011 compared to 2010 primarily due to market growth, the effect of a shift of revenues from sales to customers warehouses to direct store delivery, the lapping of which was completed in the third quarter of 2011, and due to our acquisition of US Oncology. These increases were partially offset by a decline in demand associated with the flu season and the impact of price deflation associated with brand to generic drug conversions.
Sales to customers warehouses for 2012 increased compared to 2011 primarily due to a new customer and new business with existing customers. Sales to customers warehouses for 2011 decreased compared to 2010 primarily reflecting reduced revenues associated with existing customers, the effect of a shift of revenues to direct store delivery, the lapping of which was completed in the third quarter of 2011, and the impact of price deflation associated with brand to generic drug conversions.
Sales to retail customers warehouses represent large volume sales of pharmaceuticals primarily to a limited number of large self-warehousing retail chain customers whereby we order bulk product from the manufacturer, receive and process the product through our central distribution facility and subsequently deliver the bulk product (generally in the same form as received from the manufacturer) directly to our customers warehouses. This distribution method is typically not marketed or sold by the Company as a stand-alone service; rather, it is offered as an additional distribution method for our large retail chain customers that have an internal self-warehousing distribution network. Sales to customers warehouses provide a benefit to these customers because they can utilize the Company as one source for both their direct-to-store business and their warehouse business. We generally have significantly lower gross profit margins on sales to customers warehouses as we pass much of the efficiency of this low cost-to-serve model on to the customer. These sales do, however, contribute to our gross profit dollars.
30
McKESSON CORPORATION
FINANCIAL REVIEW (Continued)
The customer mix of revenues from our U.S. Pharmaceutical Distribution business was as follows:
Years Ended March 31, | ||||||||||||||||
2012 | 2011 | 2010 | ||||||||||||||
Direct Sales |
||||||||||||||||
Retail Chains |
34% | 33% | 32% | |||||||||||||
Institutions |
34 | 34 | 32 | |||||||||||||
Independents |
11 | 12 | 12 | |||||||||||||
Subtotal |
79 | 79 | 76 | |||||||||||||
Sales to retail customers warehouses |
21 | 21 | 24 | |||||||||||||
Total |
100% | 100% | 100% | |||||||||||||
As previously described, a limited number of our large retail chain customers purchase products through both our direct and warehouse distribution methods, the latter of which generally has a significantly lower gross profit margin due to the low cost-to-serve model. When evaluating and pricing customer contracts, we do so based on our assessment of total customer profitability. As a result, we do not evaluate our performance or allocate resources based on sales to customers warehouses or gross profit associated with such sales.
Canadian pharmaceutical distribution and services revenues increased 5% in 2012 compared to 2011. Excluding a favorable foreign currency exchange rate fluctuation of 2% during 2012, revenues increased primarily due to market growth, five additional sales days and a small acquisition in the second quarter of 2011, partially offset by government-imposed price reduction for generic pharmaceuticals in certain provinces. Canadian pharmaceutical distribution and services revenues increased 8% in 2011 compared to 2010. Excluding a favorable foreign currency exchange rate fluctuation of 7% during 2011, revenues increased 1% in 2011. Canadian revenues for 2011 increased due to market growth, offset by a government-imposed price reduction for generic pharmaceuticals in certain provinces and the impact of price deflation associated with brand to generic drug conversions.
Medical-Surgical distribution and services revenues increased in 2012 compared to 2011 primarily due to market growth, new customers and five additional sales days. Medical-Surgical distribution and services revenues increased in 2011 compared to 2010 primarily due to market growth, partially offset by a decrease in demand associated with the flu season.
Technology Solutions revenues increased in 2012 compared to 2011 primarily due to higher revenues for claims processing, increased revenues associated with the sale and installation of our software products, an increase in maintenance revenues from new and existing customers and a number of small acquisitions made during 2012. Technology Solutions revenues increased slightly in 2011 compared to 2010 primarily due to an increase in maintenance revenues from new and existing customers, increased revenues associated with the sale and installation of our software products and higher revenues for claims processing, partially offset by the sale of MAP in July 2010.
Gross Profit:
Years Ended March 31, | Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | 2012 | 2011 | |||||||||||||||||||
Gross Profit |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution Solutions (1) |
$ | 5,057 | $ | 4,565 | $ | 4,219 | 11% | 8% | ||||||||||||||||
Technology Solutions (2) |
1,510 | 1,405 | 1,457 | 7 | (4) | |||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
Total |
$ | 6,567 | $ | 5,970 | $ | 5,676 | 10 | 5 | ||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
Gross Profit Margin |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution Solutions |
4.23% | 4.19% | 4.00% | 4bp | 19bp | |||||||||||||||||||
Technology Solutions |
45.62 | 43.97 | 46.64 | 165 | (267) | |||||||||||||||||||
Total |
5.35 | 5.33 | 5.22 | 2 | 11 | |||||||||||||||||||
(1) | Gross profit of our Distribution Solutions segment for 2011 includes a credit of $51 million representing our share of a settlement of an antitrust class action lawsuit brought against a drug manufacturer, which was recorded as a reduction to cost of sales. |
(2) | Gross profit of our Technology Solutions segment for 2012 and 2011 includes a $31 million product alignment charge and a $72 million asset impairment charge for capitalized software held for sale. |
31
McKESSON CORPORATION
FINANCIAL REVIEW (Continued)
Gross profit increased 10% to $6.6 billion in 2012 and 5% to $6.0 billion in 2011. As a percentage of revenues, gross profit increased by 2 bp in 2012 and by 11 bp in 2011. Gross profit margin increased in 2012 primarily reflecting higher gross profit margins from both of our operating segments and increased in 2011 primarily reflecting higher gross profit margin from our Distribution Solutions segment.
Distribution Solutions segments gross profit margin increased in 2012 compared to 2011 primarily due to our acquisition of US Oncology and increased sales of higher margin generic drugs, partially offset by a decline in sell margin and the receipt of $51 million in 2011 representing our share of a settlement of an antitrust class action lawsuit brought against a drug manufacturer.
Distribution Solutions segments gross profit margin increased in 2011 compared to 2010 primarily due to higher buy margin, increased sales of higher margin generic drugs and due to our acquisition of US Oncology, partially offset by a decline in demand associated with the flu season and a decrease in sell margin. Our Distribution Solutions segments 2011 gross profit margin was also favorably affected by the receipt of $51 million representing our share of a settlement of an antitrust class action lawsuit brought against a drug manufacturer. Buy margin primarily reflects volume and timing of compensation from branded pharmaceutical manufacturers.
Our last-in, first-out (LIFO) net inventory expense was $11 million in 2012, $3 million in 2011 and $8 million for 2010. Our Distribution Solutions segment uses the LIFO method of accounting for the majority of its inventories, which results in cost of sales that more closely reflects replacement cost than under other accounting methods. The practice in the Distribution Solutions segments distribution businesses is to pass on to customers published price changes from suppliers. Manufacturers generally provide us with price protection, which limits price-related inventory losses. Price declines on many generic pharmaceutical products in this segment over the last few years have moderated the effects of inflation in other product categories, which resulted in minimal overall price changes in those years. During 2012, we experienced a decline in deflationary trends in generic pharmaceuticals as a result of a reduction in generic product launches as compared to the prior year. Additional information regarding our LIFO accounting is included under the caption Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates, included in this Financial Review.
Technology Solutions segments gross profit margin increased in 2012 compared to 2011, primarily due to an increase in higher margin revenues, a $72 million asset impairment charge related to our Horizon Enterprise ManagementTM (HzERM) software product in 2011 and lower amortization expense related to HzERM. These increases were partially offset by product alignment charges of $31 million in 2012.
Technology Solutions segments gross profit margin decreased in 2011 compared to 2010 primarily due to a $72 million asset impairment charge related to HzERM, the sale of MAP and continued investment in our clinical and enterprise revenue management solutions products, partially offset by a shift to higher margin revenue.
During the third quarter of 2012, we approved a plan to align our hospital clinical and revenue cycle healthcare software products within our Technology Solutions segment. As part of this alignment strategy, we will be converging our core clinical and revenue cycle Horizon and Paragon product lines onto Paragons Microsoft®based platform over time. Additionally, we have stopped development of our HzERM software product. The plan resulted in a pre-tax charge of $51 million in 2012, of which $31 million was recorded to cost of sales and $20 million was recorded to operating expenses within our Technology Solutions segment. The majority of these charges were incurred in the third quarter of 2012. The pre-tax charge includes $24 million of non-cash asset impairment charges, primarily for the write-off of prepaid licenses and commissions and capitalized internal use software that were determined to be obsolete as they would not be utilized going forward, $10 million for severance, $7 million for customer allowances and $10 million for other charges.
32
McKESSON CORPORATION
FINANCIAL REVIEW (Continued)
Our capitalized software held for sale is amortized over three years. At each balance sheet date, or earlier if an indicator of an impairment exists, we evaluate the recoverability of unamortized capitalized software costs based on estimated future undiscounted revenues net of estimated related costs over the remaining amortization period. At the end of the second quarter of 2010, our HzERM software product became generally available. In October 2010, we decreased our estimated revenues over the next 24 months for our HzERM software product and, as a result, concluded that the estimated future revenues, net of estimated related costs, were insufficient to recover its carrying value. Accordingly, we recorded a $72 million non-cash impairment charge in the second quarter of 2011 within our Technology Solutions segments cost of sales to reduce the carrying value of the software product to its net realizable value.
Operating Expenses:
Years Ended March 31, | Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | 2012 | 2011 | |||||||||||||||||||
Operating Expenses |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution Solutions (1) |
$ | 2,854 | $ | 2,673 | $ | 2,260 | 7% | 18% | ||||||||||||||||
Technology Solutions |
1,151 | 1,108 | 1,077 | 4 | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||
Corporate |
413 | 368 | 351 | 12% | 5 | |||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
Subtotal |
4,418 | 4,149 | 3,688 | 6 | 13 | |||||||||||||||||||
Litigation Credit, Net |
| | (20) | | | |||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
Total |
$ | 4,418 | $ | 4,149 | $ | 3,668 | 6 | 13 | ||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
Operating Expenses as a Percentage of Revenues |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution Solutions |
2.39% | 2.45% | 2.14% | (6)bp | 31bp | |||||||||||||||||||
Technology Solutions |
34.77 | 34.68 | 34.48 | 9 | 20 | |||||||||||||||||||
Total |
3.60 | 3.70 | 3.37 | (10) | 33 | |||||||||||||||||||
(1) | Operating expenses for 2012 and 2011 include $149 million and $213 million of AWP litigation charges. |
Operating expenses increased 6% to $4.4 billion in 2012 and 13% to $4.1 billion in 2011. Operating expenses include pre-tax charges of $149 million and $213 million in 2012 and 2011 relating to our AWP litigation and a pre-tax credit of $20 million in 2010 relating to our securities litigation matter. Operating expenses increased in 2012 primarily due to the addition of US Oncology, higher employee compensation and benefits costs and an increase in expenses associated with supporting higher revenues, partially offset by a lower AWP litigation charge. Operating expenses increased in 2011 primarily due to the AWP litigation charge, higher costs associated with employee compensation and benefits, including our Profit Sharing Investment Plan (PSIP), and the acquisition of US Oncology.
The McKesson Corporation PSIP was a member of the settlement class in the Consolidated Securities Litigation Action. On April 27, 2009, the court issued an order approving the distribution of the settlement funds. On October 9, 2009, the PSIP received approximately $119 million of the Consolidated Securities Litigation Action proceeds. Approximately $42 million of the proceeds were attributable to the allocated shares of McKesson common stock owned by the PSIP participants during the Consolidated Securities Litigation Action class-holding period and were allocated to the respective participants on that basis in the third quarter of 2010. Approximately $77 million of the proceeds were attributable to the unallocated shares (the Unallocated Proceeds) of McKesson common stock owned by the PSIP in an employee stock ownership plan (ESOP) suspense account. In accordance with the plan terms, the PSIP distributed all of the Unallocated Proceeds to current PSIP participants after the close of the plan year in April 2010. The receipt of the Unallocated Proceeds by the PSIP was reimbursement for the loss in value of the Companys common stock held by the PSIP in its ESOP suspense account during the Consolidated Securities Litigation Action class-holding period and was not a contribution made by the Company to the PSIP or ESOP. Accordingly, there were no accounting consequences to the Companys financial statements relating to the receipt of the Unallocated Proceeds by the PSIP.
As a result of the PSIPs receipt of the Unallocated Proceeds, in 2010 the Company contributed $1 million to the PSIP. Accordingly, PSIP expense for 2010 was nominal. Commencing in 2011, the Company resumed its contributions to the PSIP.
33
McKESSON CORPORATION
FINANCIAL REVIEW (Continued)
PSIP expense by segment for the last three years was as follows:
Years Ended March 31, | ||||||||||||
(In millions) | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | |||||||||
|
||||||||||||
Distribution Solutions |
$ | 22 | $ | 23 | $ | | ||||||
Technology Solutions |
30 | 32 | 1 | |||||||||
Corporate |
6 | 4 | | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
PSIP expense |
$ | 58 | $ | 59 | $ | 1 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Cost of sales (1) |
$ | 17 | $ | 17 | $ | | ||||||
Operating expenses |
41 | 42 | 1 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
PSIP expense |
$ | 58 | $ | 59 | $ | 1 | ||||||
|
(1) | Amounts recorded to cost of sales pertain solely to our McKesson Technology Solutions segment. |
Acquisition-related expenses were primarily incurred in 2012 and 2011 to acquire and integrate US Oncology. Acquisition-related expenses are generally recorded within operating expenses. In 2011, we incurred $25 million of bridge loan fees in connection with our acquisition of US Oncology, which were accounted as interest expense in Corporate, and we received reimbursement of post-acquisition interest expense from former shareholders of US Oncology of $16 million, which was accounted as other income.
Acquisition-related expenses were as follows:
Years Ended March 31, | ||||||||||||
(In millions) | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | |||||||||
|
||||||||||||
Operating Expenses: |
||||||||||||
Distribution Solutions |
$ | 24 | $ | 41 | $ | | ||||||
Technology Solutions |
6 | | | |||||||||
Corporate |
1 | 2 | | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Total |
31 | 43 | | |||||||||
Other Income: reimbursement of post-acquisition interest expense from former US Oncology shareholders |
| (16) | | |||||||||
Interest Expense: bridge loan fees |
| 25 | | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Total Acquisition-related Expenses |
$ | 31 | $ | 52 | $ | | ||||||
|
Amortization expense of acquired intangible assets purchased in connection with acquisitions (acquisition-related amortization) increased by $59 million to $191 million in 2012 and by $11 million to $132 million in 2011 compared to same periods a year ago. The increases were primarily due to our acquisition of US Oncology.
Acquisition-related amortization was as follows:
Years Ended March 31, | ||||||||||||
(In millions) | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | |||||||||
|
||||||||||||
Cost of Sales: |
||||||||||||
Distribution Solutions |
$ | 1 | $ | | $ | 1 | ||||||
Technology Solutions |
19 | 16 | 20 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Total |
20 | 16 | 21 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Operating Expenses: |
||||||||||||
Distribution Solutions |
120 | 70 | 53 | |||||||||
Technology Solutions |
51 | 46 | 47 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Total |
171 | 116 | 100 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Total Acquisition-related Amortization |
$ | 191 | $ | 132 | $ | 121 | ||||||
|
34
McKESSON CORPORATION
FINANCIAL REVIEW (Continued)
Distribution Solutions segments operating expenses increased in 2012 compared to 2011 primarily reflecting the addition of US Oncology, higher employee compensation and benefits expenses and an increase in expenses associated with supporting higher revenues, partially offset by a lower AWP litigation charge. Operating expenses as a percentage of revenues decreased in 2012 compared to 2011 primarily due to operating leverage, partially offset by the addition of US Oncology.
Distribution Solutions segments operating expenses and operating expenses as a percentage of revenues increased in 2011 compared to 2010 primarily due to the AWP litigation charge of $213 million in 2011, higher employee compensation and benefits expenses, including PSIP expenses, the addition of US Oncology and changes in foreign currency exchange rates.
The Company has a reserve relating to AWP public entity claims, which is reviewed at least quarterly and whenever events or circumstances indicate changes, including consideration of the pace and progress of discussions relating to potentially resolving other public entity claims. Pre-tax charges relating to changes in the Companys AWP litigation reserve, including accrued interest, are recorded in the Distribution Solutions segment. The Companys AWP litigation reserve is included in other current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets. In view of the number of outstanding cases and expected future claims, and the uncertainties of the timing and outcome of this type of litigation, it is possible that the ultimate costs of these matters may exceed or be less than the reserve.
The following is the activity related to the AWP litigation reserve for the years ended March 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010:
Years Ended March 31, | ||||||||||||
(In millions) | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | |||||||||
|
||||||||||||
AWP litigation reserve at beginning of period |
$ | 330 | $ | 143 | $ | 143 | ||||||
Charges incurred |
149 | 213 | | |||||||||
Payments made |
(26) | (26) | | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
AWP litigation reserve at end of period |
$ | 453 | $ | 330 | $ | 143 | ||||||
|
The charges for 2012 primarily related to the Douglas County, Kansas Action settlement and the state and federal Medicaid claims. The charges for 2011 primarily related to state and federal Medicaid claims.
On April 3, 2012, the Company entered into a settlement agreement with the United States Department of Justice to resolve the federal share of Medicaid claims related to AWP. The total settlement amount of $191 million, which includes interest, was paid on April 9, 2012.
Refer to Financial Note 19, Other Commitments and Contingent Liabilities, to the consolidated financial statements appearing in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further information.
Technology Solutions segments operating expenses and operating expenses as a percentage of revenues increased in 2012 compared to 2011 primarily due to continued investment in research and development activities, a number of small acquisitions in 2012 and a charge of $20 million for a product alignment plan. These increases were partially offset by cost containment efforts. Technology Solutions segments operating expenses and operating expenses as a percentage of revenues increased in 2011 compared to 2010 primarily due to our increased investment in research and development activities and higher employee compensation and benefit costs, which includes PSIP expense, partially offset by the sale of MAP in the second quarter of 2011.
Corporate expenses for 2012 increased compared to 2011 primarily due to higher employee compensation and benefits expenses and a charitable contribution. Corporate expenses for 2011 increased compared to 2010 primarily due to higher compensation and benefits costs and an asset impairment charge for certain tangible property. These increases were partially offset by lower fees associated with our accounts receivable facility. As a result of our adoption of a new accounting standard for transfers of financial assets on April 1, 2010, fees associated with our accounts receivable sales facility are recorded in interest expense. Prior to 2011, these fees were recorded in Corporate administrative expenses.
35
McKESSON CORPORATION
FINANCIAL REVIEW (Continued)
Other Income, Net:
Years Ended March 31, | Change | |||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | 2012 | 2011 | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||
Other Income, Net |
||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution Solutions |
$ | 16 | $ | 5 | $ | 29 | 220% | (83)% | ||||||||||||
Technology Solutions |
5 | 4 | 5 | 25 | (20) | |||||||||||||||
Corporate |
| 27 | 9 | (100) | 200 | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||
Total |
$ | 21 | $ | 36 | $ | 43 | (42) | (16) | ||||||||||||
|
In 2011, other income, net included the receipt of $16 million representing the reimbursement of post-acquisition interest expense by the former shareholders of US Oncology, which is recorded in Corporate. In 2010, other income, net included a $17 million pre-tax gain ($14 million after-tax) from the sale of our 50% equity interest in MLS. The gain on sale of our investment in MLS was recorded within our Distribution Solutions segment.
Segment Operating Profit and Corporate Expenses:
Years Ended March 31, | Change | |||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | 2012 | 2011 | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||
Segment Operating Profit (1) |
||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution Solutions (2) |
$ | 2,219 | $ | 1,897 | $ | 1,988 | 17% | (5)% | ||||||||||||
Technology Solutions |
364 | 301 | 385 | 21 | (22) | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||
Subtotal |
2,583 | 2,198 | 2,373 | 18 | (7) | |||||||||||||||
Corporate Expenses, Net |
(413) | (341) | (342) | 21 | | |||||||||||||||
Litigation Credit, Net |
| | 20 | | | |||||||||||||||
Interest Expense |
(251) | (222) | (187) | 13 | 19 | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||
Income from Continuing Operations Before Income Taxes |
$ | 1,919 | $ | 1,635 | $ | 1,864 | 17 | (12) | ||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||
Segment Operating Profit Margin |
||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution Solutions |
1.86% | 1.74% | 1.88% | 12bp | (14)bp | |||||||||||||||
Technology Solutions |
11.00 | 9.42 | 12.32 | 158 | (290) | |||||||||||||||
|
(1) | Segment operating profit includes gross profit, net of operating expenses, plus other income, net for our two operating segments. |
(2) | Operating expenses for 2012 and 2011 for our Distribution Solutions segment included $149 million and $213 million of AWP litigation charges. |
Operating profit margin for our Distribution Solutions segment increased in 2012 compared to 2011 primarily due to higher gross profit margin, which included a full year of results from US Oncology, and lower operating expenses as a percentage of revenues, which included a lower AWP litigation charge. Operating profit margin for our Distribution Solutions segment decreased in 2011 compared to 2010 primarily due to higher operating expenses as a percentage of revenue, including a $213 million AWP litigation charge, partially offset by a higher gross profit margin, which included the receipt of $51 million representing our share of an antitrust class action lawsuit brought against a drug manufacturer.
Operating profit margin in our Technology Solutions segment increased in 2012 compared to 2011 primarily reflecting an increase in gross profit margin, partially offset by an increase in operating expenses as a percentage of revenues. Operating profit margin in our Technology Solutions segment decreased in 2011 compared to 2010 primarily reflecting a decrease in gross profit margin, which included the $72 million asset impairment charge, and an increase in operating expenses as a percentage of revenues.
36
McKESSON CORPORATION
FINANCIAL REVIEW (Continued)
Corporate expenses, net of other income increased in 2012 compared to 2011 primarily due an increase in operating expenses and a decrease in other income. Corporate expenses, net of other income were flat in 2011 compared to 2010 primarily due to an increase in operating expenses, which were offset by an increase in other income.
Litigation Credit, Net: In 2010, we recorded a net credit of $20 million relating to settlements for a securities litigation.
Interest Expense: Interest expense increased in 2012 compared to 2011 primarily due to the $1.7 billion of long-term debt issued in February 2011 in connection with our acquisition of US Oncology. Interest expense increased in 2011 compared to 2010 primarily due to $25 million of bridge loan fees related to the acquisition of US Oncology, interest expense associated with the assumed debt and the subsequent refinancing of the debt, and fees from our accounts receivable sales facility, which are recorded in interest expense commencing in 2011. These increases were partially offset by lower interest expense due to the repayment of $215 million of our long-term debt in March 2010. Refer to our discussion under the caption Credit Resources within this Financial Review for additional information regarding our financing activities.
Income Taxes: Our reported income tax rates were 26.9%, 30.9% and 32.2% in 2012, 2011 and 2010. Fluctuations in our reported income tax rates are primarily due to changes within our business mix, including varying proportions of income attributable to foreign countries that have lower income tax rates. In addition, in 2012, 2011 and 2010, income tax expense included $66 million, $34 million and $7 million of net income tax benefits for discrete items, which primarily relates to the recognition of previously unrecognized tax benefits and accrued interest. Included in the 2012 discrete tax benefit, is a $31 million credit to income tax expense as a result of the reversal of an income tax reserve relating to our AWP litigation.
We have received tax assessments of $98 million from the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (IRS) relating to 2003 through 2006. We disagree with a substantial portion of the tax assessments primarily relating to transfer pricing. We are pursuing administrative relief through the appeals process and an opening conference has been scheduled for May 15, 2012. We have received assessments from the Canada Revenue Agency (CRA) for a total of $169 million related to transfer pricing for 2003 through 2007. Payments of most of the assessments to the CRA have been made to stop the accrual of interest. We have appealed the assessment for 2003 to the Tax Court of Canada and have filed a notice of objection for 2004 through 2007. The trial between McKesson Canada Corporation and the CRA, argued in the Tax Court of Canada, concluded in early February 2012, and we are waiting for the decision. We continue to believe in the merits of our tax positions and that we have adequately provided for any potential adverse results relating to these examinations in our financial statements. However, the final resolution of these issues could result in an increase or decrease to income tax expense.
Discontinued Operation: In July 2010, our Technology Solutions segment sold its wholly-owned subsidiary, MAP, a provider of phone and web-based healthcare services in Australia and New Zealand, for net sales proceeds of $109 million. The divestiture generated a pre-tax and after-tax gain of $95 million and $72 million. As a result of the sale, we were able to utilize capital loss carry-forwards for which we previously recorded a valuation allowance of $15 million. The release of the valuation allowance is included as a tax benefit in our after-tax gain on the divestiture. The after-tax gain on disposition was recorded as a discontinued operation in our consolidated statement of operations in 2011. The historical financial operating results and net assets of MAP were not material to our consolidated financial statements for all periods presented.
Net Income: Net income was $1,403 million, $1,202 million and $1,263 million in 2012, 2011 and 2010 and diluted earnings per common share were $5.59, $4.57 and $4.62. Net income and diluted earnings per common share for 2012 and 2011 include after-tax AWP litigation charges of $60 million and $149 million, or $0.24 and $0.57 per diluted common share. Net income and diluted earnings per common share for 2010 include an after-tax securities litigation credit of $12 million, or $0.04 per diluted common share. Net income and diluted earnings per common share for 2011 also included an after-tax gain of $72 million, or $0.28 per diluted share relating to our sale of MAP.
37
McKESSON CORPORATION
FINANCIAL REVIEW (Continued)
Weighted Average Diluted Common Shares Outstanding: Diluted earnings per common share was calculated based on a weighted average number of shares outstanding of 251 million, 263 million and 273 million for 2012, 2011 and 2010. The decreases in the number of weighted average diluted common shares outstanding primarily reflect the cumulative effect of share repurchases over the past three years, partially offset by the exercise and settlement of share-based awards.
International Operations
International operations accounted for 8.6%, 8.9% and 8.6% of 2012, 2011 and 2010 consolidated revenues. International operations are subject to certain risks, including currency fluctuations. We monitor our operations and adopt strategies responsive to changes in the economic and political environment in each of the countries in which we operate. Additional information regarding our international operations is also included in Financial Note 22, Segments of Business, to the consolidated financial statements appearing in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Business Combinations
On December 30, 2010, we acquired all of the outstanding shares of US Oncology for approximately $2.1 billion, consisting of cash consideration of $0.2 billion, net of cash acquired, and the assumption of liabilities with a fair value of $1.9 billion. The cash paid at acquisition was funded from cash on hand. As an integrated oncology company, US Oncology is affiliated with community-based oncologists, and works with patients, hospitals, payers and the medical industry across all phases of the cancer research and delivery continuum. The acquisition of US Oncology expands our existing specialty pharmaceutical distribution business and adds practice management services for oncologists. Financial results for US Oncology have been included in the results of operations within our Distribution Solutions segment beginning in the fourth quarter of 2011.
On March 25, 2012, we acquired substantially all of the assets of Drug Trading Company Limited, the independent banner business of the Katz Group Canada Inc. (Katz Group), and Medicine Shoppe Canada Inc., the franchise business of the Katz Group (collectively, Katz Assets) for approximately $919 million, net of cash acquired. The total purchase price is subject to change due to working capital adjustments within 60 days of closing. The cash paid at acquisition was funded from cash on hand. The acquisition of the assets from the Drug Trading Company Limited consists of a marketing and purchasing arm of more than 850 independently owned pharmacies in Canada. The acquisition of Medicine Shoppe Canada Inc. consists of the franchise business of providing services to more than 160 independent pharmacies in Canada. Financial results for this acquisition were not included in the results of operations for 2012 as they were not material. These results will be included in the results of operations within our Canadian pharmaceutical distribution and services, which is part of our Distribution Solutions segment, beginning in the first quarter of 2013.
In April 2012, we purchased the remaining 50% interest in our corporate headquarters building located in San Francisco, California, for total cash of $90 million. The cash paid was funded from cash on hand. We previously held a 50% ownership interest and are the primary tenant in this building. This transaction will be accounted for as a step acquisition, which requires that we re-measure our previously held 50% interest to fair value and record the difference between the fair value and carrying value as a gain in the consolidated statements of operations. The re-measurement to fair value is anticipated to result in a pre-tax gain of approximately $75 million ($46 million after-tax). The pre-tax gain will be recorded within Corporate in the consolidated statements of operations during the quarter ending June 30, 2012.
During the last three years, we also completed a number of other smaller acquisitions within both of our operating segments. Financial results for our business acquisitions have been included in our consolidated financial statements since their respective acquisition dates. Purchase prices for our business acquisitions have been allocated based on estimated fair values at the date of acquisition.
38
McKESSON CORPORATION
FINANCIAL REVIEW (Continued)
Goodwill recognized for our business acquisitions is generally not expected to be deductible for tax purposes. However, if we acquire the assets of a company, the goodwill may be deductible for tax purposes. The pro forma results of operations for our business acquisitions and the results of operations for these acquisitions since the acquisition date have not been presented because the effects were not material to the consolidated financial statements on either an individual or an aggregate basis. Refer to Financial Notes 2 and 12, Business Combinations and Debt and Financing Activities, to the consolidated financial statements appearing in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information.
2013 Outlook
Information regarding the Companys 2013 outlook is contained in our Form 8-K dated April 30, 2012. This Form 8-K should be read in conjunction with the sections Item 1 Business Forward-Looking Statements and Item 1A Risk Factors in Part 1 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
39
McKESSON CORPORATION
FINANCIAL REVIEW (Continued)
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES
We consider an accounting estimate to be critical if the estimate requires us to make assumptions about matters that were uncertain at the time the accounting estimate was made and if different estimates that we reasonably could have used in the current period, or changes in the accounting estimate that are reasonably likely to occur from period to period, could have a material impact on our financial condition or results from operations. Below are the estimates that we believe are critical to the understanding of our operating results and financial condition. Other accounting policies are described in Financial Note 1, Significant Accounting Policies, to the consolidated financial statements appearing in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Because of the uncertainty inherent in such estimates, actual results may differ from these estimates.
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts: We provide short-term credit and other customer financing arrangements to customers who purchase our products and services. Other customer financing primarily relates to guarantees provided to our customers, or their creditors, regarding the repurchase of inventories. We also provide financing to certain customers related to the purchase of pharmacies, which serve as collateral for the loans. We estimate the receivables for which we do not expect full collection based on historical collection rates and specific knowledge regarding the current creditworthiness of our customers and record an allowance in our consolidated financial statements for these amounts.
In determining the appropriate allowance for doubtful accounts, which includes portfolio and specific reserves, the Company reviews accounts receivable aging, industry trends, customer financial strength, credit standing, historical write-off trends and payment history to assess the probability of collection. If the frequency and severity of customer defaults due to our customers financial condition or general economic conditions change, our allowance for uncollectible accounts may require adjustment. As a result, we continuously monitor outstanding receivables and other customer financing and adjust allowances for accounts where collection may be in doubt. During 2012, sales to our ten largest customers accounted for approximately 52% of our total consolidated revenues. Sales to our two largest customers, CVS Caremark Corporation (CVS) and Rite Aid Corporation (Rite Aid), accounted for approximately 16% and 10% of our total consolidated revenues. At March 31, 2012, accounts receivable from our ten largest customers were approximately 49% of total accounts receivable. Accounts receivable from CVS, Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. (Walmart) and Rite Aid were approximately 17%, 10% and 9% of total accounts receivable. As a result, our sales and credit concentration is significant. A default in payments, a material reduction in purchases from these, or any other large customer or the loss of a large customer could have a material adverse impact on our financial condition, results of operations and liquidity.
Reserve methodologies are assessed annually based on historical losses and economic, business and market trends. In addition, reserves are reviewed quarterly and updated if unusual circumstances or trends are present. We believe the reserves maintained and expenses recorded in 2012 are appropriate and consistent with historical methodologies employed. At this time, we are not aware of any internal process or customer issues that might lead to a significant increase in the foreseeable future in our allowance for doubtful accounts as a percentage of net revenue.
At March 31, 2012, trade and notes receivables were $8,735 million prior to allowances of $111 million. In 2012, 2011 and 2010 our provision for bad debts was $30 million, $18 million and $17 million. At March 31, 2012 and 2011, the allowance as a percentage of trade and notes receivables was 1.3% and 1.5%. An increase or decrease of a hypothetical 0.1% in the 2012 allowance as a percentage of trade and notes receivables would result in an increase or decrease in the provision for bad debts of approximately $9 million. The selected 0.1% hypothetical change does not reflect what could be considered the best or worst case scenarios. Additional information concerning our allowance for doubtful accounts may be found in Schedule II included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
40
McKESSON CORPORATION
FINANCIAL REVIEW (Continued)
Inventories: We report inventories at the lower of cost or market (LCM). Inventories for our Distribution Solutions segment consist of merchandise held for resale. For our Distribution Solutions segment, the majority of the cost of domestic inventories is determined using the LIFO method and the cost of Canadian inventories is determined using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method. Technology Solutions segment inventories consist of computer hardware with cost generally determined by the standard cost method, which approximates average cost. Rebates, fees, cash discounts, allowances, chargebacks and other incentives received from vendors are generally accounted for as a reduction in the cost of inventory and are recognized when the inventory is sold. Total inventories were $10.1 billion and $9.2 billion at March 31, 2012 and 2011.
The LIFO method was used to value approximately 88% and 87% of our inventories at March 31, 2012 and 2011. At March 31, 2012 and 2011, our LIFO reserves, net of LCM adjustments, were $107 million and $96 million. LIFO reserves include both pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical products. In 2012, 2011 and 2010, we recognized net LIFO expense of $11 million, $3 million and $8 million within our consolidated statements of operations, which related to our non-pharmaceutical products. A LIFO expense is recognized when the net effect of price increases on branded pharmaceuticals and non-pharmaceutical products held in inventory exceeds the impact of price declines and shifts towards generic pharmaceuticals, including the effect of branded pharmaceutical products that have lost market exclusivity. A LIFO credit is recognized when the net effect of price declines and shifts towards generic pharmaceuticals exceeds the impact of price increases on branded pharmaceuticals and non-pharmaceutical products held in inventory.
We believe that the average cost or FIFO inventory costing method provides a reasonable estimation of the current cost of replacing inventory (i.e., market). As such, our LIFO inventory is valued at the lower of LIFO or market. Primarily due to continued net deflation in generic pharmaceutical inventories, pharmaceutical inventories at LIFO were $76 million and $156 million higher than market as of March 31, 2012 and 2011. As a result, we recorded a LCM credit of $80 million in 2012 and a LCM charge of $44 million in 2011 within our consolidated statements of operations to adjust our LIFO inventories to market. During 2012, we experienced a decline in deflationary trends in generic pharmaceuticals as a result of a reduction in generic product launches as compared to the prior year.
In determining whether inventory valuation issues exist, we consider various factors including estimated quantities of slow-moving inventory by reviewing on-hand quantities, outstanding purchase obligations and forecasted sales. Shifts in market trends and conditions, changes in customer preferences due to the introduction of generic drugs or new pharmaceutical products or the loss of one or more significant customers are factors that could affect the value of our inventories. We write down inventories, which are considered excess and obsolete, as a result of these reviews. These factors could make our estimates of inventory valuation differ from actual results.
Business Combinations: We account for acquired businesses using the acquisition method of accounting, which requires that the assets acquired and liabilities assumed be recorded at the date of acquisition at their respective fair values. Any excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair values of the net assets acquired is recorded as goodwill. Acquisition-related expenses and related restructuring costs are expensed as incurred.
Several methods may be used to determine the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed. For intangible assets, we typically use the income method. This method starts with a forecast of all of the expected future net cash flows for each asset. These cash flows are then adjusted to present value by applying an appropriate discount rate that reflects the risk factors associated with the cash flow streams. Some of the more significant estimates and assumptions inherent in the income method or other methods include the amount and timing of projected future cash flows, the discount rate selected to measure the risks inherent in the future cash flows and the assessment of the assets life cycle and the competitive trends impacting the asset, including consideration of any technical, legal, regulatory, or economic barriers to entry. Determining the useful life of an intangible asset also requires judgment as different types of intangible assets will have different useful lives and certain assets may even be considered to have indefinite useful lives. Refer to Financial Note 2, Business Combinations, to the consolidated financial statements appearing in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information regarding our acquisitions.
41
McKESSON CORPORATION
FINANCIAL REVIEW (Continued)
Goodwill: As a result of acquiring businesses, we have $5,032 million and $4,364 million of goodwill at March 31, 2012 and 2011. We maintain goodwill assets on our books unless the assets are considered to be impaired. We perform an impairment test on goodwill balances annually in the fourth quarter or more frequently if indicators for potential impairment exist. Indicators that are considered include significant changes in performance relative to expected operating results, significant changes in the use of the assets, significant negative industry or economic trends, or a significant decline in the Companys stock price and/or market capitalization for a sustained period of time.
Impairment testing is conducted at the reporting unit level, which is generally defined as a component one level below our Distribution Solutions and Technology Solutions operating segments, for which discrete financial information is available and segment management regularly reviews the operating results of that unit. Components that have essentially similar operations, products, services and customers are aggregated as a single reporting unit. Management judgment is involved in determining which components may be combined and changes in these combinations could affect the outcome of the testing.
Impairment tests require that we compare the carrying value of net assets to the estimated fair value of net assets for the reporting units. Goodwill is reviewed for impairment utilizing either a qualitative or quantitative assessment. If we decide that it is appropriate to perform a qualitative assessment and conclude that the fair value of a reporting unit more likely than not exceeds its carrying value, no further evaluation is necessary. For reporting units where we perform a quantitative assessment, the fair values can be determined using the market, income or cost approach. To estimate the fair value of our reporting units, we use a combination of the market approach and the income approach. Under the market approach, we estimate fair value by comparing the business to similar businesses, or guideline companies whose securities are actively traded in public markets. Under the income approach, we use a discounted cash flow model in which cash flows anticipated over several periods, plus a terminal value at the end of that time horizon, are discounted to their present value using an appropriate rate of return. In addition, we compare the aggregate fair value of our reporting units to our market capitalization as further corroboration of the fair value.
Some of the more significant estimates and assumptions inherent in the goodwill impairment estimation process using the market approach include the selection of appropriate guideline companies, the determination of market value multiples for both the guideline companies and the reporting unit, the determination of applicable premiums and discounts based on any differences in marketability between the business and the guideline companies and for the income approach, the required rate of return used in the discounted cash flow method, which reflects capital market conditions and the specific risks associated with the business. Other estimates inherent in both the market and income approaches include long-term growth rates, projected revenues and earnings and cash flow forecasts for the reporting units.
Estimates of fair value result from a complex series of judgments about future events and uncertainties and rely heavily on estimates and assumptions at a point in time. The judgments made in determining an estimate of fair value may materially impact our results of operations. The valuations are based on information available as of the impairment review date and are based on expectations and assumptions that have been deemed reasonable by management. Any changes in key assumptions, including failure to meet business plans, a further deterioration in the market or other unanticipated events and circumstances, may affect the accuracy or validity of such estimates and could potentially result in an impairment charge.
In 2012, 2011 and 2010, we concluded that there were no impairments of goodwill as the fair value of each reporting unit exceeded its carrying value.
Supplier Incentives: Fees for service and other incentives received from suppliers, relating to the purchase or distribution of inventory, are generally reported as a reduction to cost of goods sold. We consider these fees and other incentives to represent product discounts and as a result, the amounts are recorded as a reduction of product cost and are recognized through cost of goods sold upon the sale of the related inventory.
42
McKESSON CORPORATION
FINANCIAL REVIEW (Continued)
Supplier Reserves: We establish reserves against amounts due from suppliers relating to various price and rebate incentives, including deductions or billings taken against payments otherwise due to them. These reserve estimates are established based on judgment after considering the status of current outstanding claims, historical experience with the suppliers, the specific incentive programs and any other pertinent information available. We evaluate the amounts due from suppliers on a continual basis and adjust the reserve estimates when appropriate based on changes in factual circumstances. As of March 31, 2012 and 2011, supplier reserves were $115 million and $102 million. The ultimate outcome of any outstanding claims may be different from our estimate. All of the supplier reserves at March 31, 2012 and 2011 pertain to our Distribution Solutions segment. An increase or decrease in the supplier reserve as a hypothetical 0.1% of trade payables at March 31, 2012 would result in an increase or decrease in the cost of sales of approximately $16 million in 2012. The selected 0.1% hypothetical change does not reflect what could be considered the best or worst case scenarios.
Income Taxes: Our income tax expense and deferred tax assets and liabilities reflect managements best assessment of estimated current and future taxes to be paid. We are subject to income taxes in the U.S. and numerous foreign jurisdictions. Significant judgments and estimates are required in determining the consolidated income tax provision and in evaluating income tax uncertainties. We review our tax positions at the end of each quarter and adjust the balances as new information becomes available.
Deferred income taxes arise from temporary differences between the tax and financial statement recognition of revenue and expense. In evaluating our ability to recover our deferred tax assets, we consider all available positive and negative evidence including our past operating results, the existence of cumulative net operating losses in the most recent years and our forecast of future taxable income. In estimating future taxable income, we develop assumptions including the amount of future federal, state and foreign pre-tax operating income, the reversal of temporary differences and the implementation of feasible and prudent tax planning strategies. These assumptions require significant judgment about the forecasts of future taxable income and are consistent with the plans and estimates we use to manage the underlying businesses. We had deferred income tax assets (net of valuation allowances) of $1,335 million and $1,297 million at March 31, 2012 and 2011 and deferred tax liabilities of $2,495 million and $2,261 million. Deferred tax assets primarily consist of net loss and credit carryforwards and timing differences on our compensation and benefit related accruals. Deferred tax liabilities primarily consist of basis differences for inventory valuation (including inventory valued at LIFO) and other assets. We established valuation allowances of $101 million and $99 million for 2012 and 2011 against certain deferred tax assets, which primarily relate to federal, state and foreign loss carryforwards for which the ultimate realization of future benefits is uncertain. Changes in tax laws and rates could also affect recorded deferred tax assets and liabilities in the future. Should tax laws change, including those laws pertaining to LIFO, our cash flows could be materially impacted.
If our assumptions and estimates described above were to change, an increase/decrease of 1% in our effective tax rate as applied to income from continuing operations would have increased/decreased tax expense by approximately $19 million, or $0.08 per diluted share, for 2012.
Share-Based Compensation: Our compensation programs include share-based compensation. We account for all share-based compensation transactions using a fair-value based measurement method. The share-based compensation expense, for the portion of the awards that is ultimately expected to vest, is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for those awards with graded vesting and service conditions. For awards with performance conditions and multiple vest dates, we recognize the expense on a graded vesting basis. For awards with performance conditions and a single vest date, we recognize the expense on a straight-line basis.
We estimate the grant-date fair value of employee stock options using the Black-Scholes options-pricing model. Our estimates of employee stock option values rely on estimates of factors we input into the model. The key factors involve an estimate of future uncertain events. The key factors influencing the estimation process, among others, are the expected life of the option, the expected stock price volatility and the expected dividend yield. In determining the expected life of the option, we primarily use historical experience as our best estimate of future exercise patterns. We use a combination of historical and implied market volatility to determine the expected stock price volatility factor. We believe that this market-based input provides a better estimate of our future stock price movements and is consistent with employee stock option valuation considerations. Once the fair values of employee stock options are determined, current accounting practices do not permit them to be changed, even if the estimates used are different from actual experience.
43
McKESSON CORPORATION
FINANCIAL REVIEW (Continued)
In addition, we develop an estimate of the number of share-based awards, which will ultimately vest primarily based on historical experience. Changes in the estimated forfeiture rate can have a material effect on share-based compensation expense. If the actual forfeiture rate materially differs from the estimated forfeiture rate, then an adjustment is made to revise the estimated forfeiture rate, which will result in an increase or decrease to the expense recognized in the financial statements. We re-assess the estimated forfeiture rate established upon grant periodically throughout the requisite service period. As required, the forfeiture estimates will be adjusted to reflect actual forfeitures when an award vests. The actual forfeitures in future reporting periods could be materially higher or lower than our current estimates.
Our assessments of estimated share-based compensation charges are affected by our stock price as well as assumptions regarding a number of complex and subjective variables and the related tax impact. These variables include the volatility of our stock price, employee stock option exercise behavior, timing, number and types of annual share-based awards and the attainment of performance goals. As a result, the future share-based compensation expense may differ from the Companys historical amounts.
Loss Contingencies: We are subject to various claims, other pending and potential legal actions for damages, investigations relating to governmental laws and regulations and other matters arising out of the normal conduct of our business. When a loss is considered probable and reasonably estimable, we record a liability in the amount of our best estimate for the ultimate loss. However, the likelihood of a loss with respect to a particular contingency is often difficult to predict and determining a meaningful estimate of the loss or a range of loss may not be practicable based on the information available and the potential effect of future events and decisions by third parties that will determine the ultimate resolution of the contingency. Moreover, it is not uncommon for such matters to be resolved over many years, during which time relevant developments and new information must be reevaluated at least quarterly to determine both the likelihood of potential loss and whether it is possible to reasonably estimate a range of possible loss. When a loss is probable but a reasonable estimate cannot be made, disclosure of the proceeding is provided.
Disclosure also is provided when it is reasonably possible that a loss will be incurred or when it is reasonably possible that the amount of a loss will exceed the recorded provision. We review all contingencies at least quarterly to determine whether the likelihood of loss has changed and to assess whether a reasonable estimate of the loss or range of the loss can be made. As discussed above, development of a meaningful estimate of loss or a range of potential loss is complex when the outcome is directly dependent on negotiations with or decisions by third parties, such as regulatory agencies, the court system and other interested parties. Such factors bear directly on whether it is possible to reasonably estimate a range of potential loss and boundaries of high and low estimate.
FINANCIAL CONDITION, LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
We expect our available cash generated from operations, together with our existing sources of liquidity from our accounts receivable sales facility and short-term borrowings under the revolving credit facility and commercial paper, will be sufficient to fund our long-term and short-term capital expenditures, working capital and other cash requirements. In addition, from time-to-time, we may access the long-term debt capital markets to discharge our other liabilities.
Net cash flow from operating activities was $2,950 million in 2012 compared to $2,338 million in 2011 and $2,316 million in 2010. Operating activities for 2012 reflect an increase in drafts and accounts payable primarily associated with longer payment terms for certain purchases, partially offset by an increase in receivables and higher inventories primarily associated with revenue growth.
Operating activities for 2011 reflect an increase in receivables primarily associated with revenue growth, partially offset by improved management of inventories and longer payment terms for certain purchases.
Operating activities for 2010 were primarily affected by improved management of drafts and accounts payable, partially offset by an increase in inventories due to our revenue growth and the AWP litigation private payer settlement payments of $350 million.
44
McKESSON CORPORATION
FINANCIAL REVIEW (Continued)
Cash flows from operations can be significantly impacted by factors such as the timing of receipts from customers and payments to vendors.
Net cash used in investing activities was $1,502 million in 2012 compared to $624 million in 2011 and $309 million in 2010. Investing activities for 2012 included $1,156 million of cash payments for acquisitions, including $919 million for our acquisition of the Katz Assets. Investing activities in 2012 also included $225 million and $178 million in capital expenditures for property acquisitions and capitalized software.
Investing activities for 2011 included $292 million of cash payments for acquisitions, including $244 million for our acquisition of US Oncology, and $109 million of cash received from the sale of MAP. Investing activities in 2011 also included $233 million and $155 million in capital expenditures for property acquisitions and capitalized software. Investing activities for 2010 included $199 million and $179 million in capital expenditures for property acquisitions and capitalized software and the release of $55 million of restricted cash from escrow related to the AWP private litigation settlement payments.
Financing activities utilized cash of $1,905 million in 2012 compared to $1,841 million in 2011 and $421 million in 2010. Financing activities for 2012 included $1,850 million of cash paid for share repurchases, $400 million of cash paid on the maturity of our 7.75% Notes in February 2012, $195 million of dividends paid, $400 million of cash receipts from secured borrowings and $167 million of cash receipts from employees exercises of stock options.
Financing activities for 2011 reflect $1,689 million of cash received from the issuance of long-term debt. In February 2011, we issued $600 million of 3.25% notes due 2016, $600 million of 4.75% notes due 2021, and $500 million of 6.00% notes due 2041. Net proceeds from the issuance of the long-term notes, after discounts and offering expenses, were used to pay off the $1,730 million of debt assumed as part of the acquisition of US Oncology. Also as part of our acquisition of US Oncology, we borrowed $1,000 million for bridge financing which was fully repaid by February 2011. Financing activities for 2011 also included $2,050 million of cash paid for share repurchases, $171 million of cash paid for dividends and $367 million of cash receipts from employees exercises of stock options.
Financing activities for 2010 included $323 million of cash paid for share repurchases and $218 million of cash paid on our long-term debt, which primarily consisted of $215 million paid on the maturity of our 9.13% Series C Senior Notes in March 2010, $131 million of cash paid for dividends and $212 million of cash receipts from employees exercises of stock options.
The Companys Board has authorized the repurchase of McKessons common stock from time-to-time in open market transactions, privately negotiated transactions, through accelerated share repurchase (ASR) programs, or by any combination of such methods. The timing of any repurchases and the actual number of shares repurchased will depend on a variety of factors, including our stock price, corporate and regulatory requirements, restrictions under our debt obligations and other market and economic conditions.
The Board authorized the repurchase of the Companys common stock as follows: $1.0 billion in April 2010, $1.0 billion in October 2010, $1.0 billion in April 2011 and $650 million in January 2012.
Total share repurchases transacted through ASR programs and open market transactions over the last three years were as follows:
Years Ended March 31, | ||||||||||||
(In millions, except per share data) |
2012 | 2011 | 2010 | |||||||||
|
||||||||||||
Number of shares repurchased (1) |
20 | 29 | 8 | |||||||||
Average price paid per share |
$ | 83.47 | $ | 69.62 | $ | 41.47 | ||||||
Total value of shares repurchased |
$ | 1,850 | $ | 2,032 | $ | 299 | ||||||
|
(1) | Excludes shares surrendered for tax withholding. |
45
McKESSON CORPORATION
FINANCIAL REVIEW (Continued)
In 2012 and 2011, the majority of our share repurchases were transacted through a number of ASR programs with third party financial institutions as follows: $1.0 billion in May 2010, $275 million in March 2011, $650 million in May 2011 and $1.2 billion in March 2012. In 2010, all of our share repurchases were conducted through open market transactions. All programs were funded with cash on hand.
In March 2012, we entered into an ASR program with a third party financial institution to repurchase $1.2 billion of the Companys common stock. As of March 31, 2012, we had received 12 million shares representing the minimum number of shares due under this program, and the average price paid per share of $87.19 was based on the average daily volume-weighted average price of our common stock less a discount calculated as of March 31, 2012. The total number of shares to be ultimately repurchased by us and the final settlement price per share will be determined at the completion of this program based on the average daily volume-weighted average price of our common stock during the program, less a discount. This program is anticipated to be completed no later than the second quarter of 2013.
In April 2012, the Board authorized the repurchase of an additional $700 million of the Companys common stock, bringing the total authorization outstanding to $1.0 billion.
Although we believe that our operating cash flow, financial assets, current access to capital and credit markets, including our existing credit and sales facilities, will give us the ability to meet our financing needs for the foreseeable future, there can be no assurance that continued or increased volatility and disruption in the global capital and credit markets will not impair our liquidity or increase our costs of borrowing.
Selected Measures of Liquidity and Capital Resources:
March 31, | ||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | |||||||||
|
||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
$ | 3,149 | $ | 3,612 | $ | 3,731 | ||||||
Working capital |
1,917 | 3,631 | 4,492 | |||||||||
Debt, net of cash and cash equivalents |
831 | 392 | (1,434) | |||||||||
Debt to capital ratio (1) |
36.8% | 35.7% | 23.4% | |||||||||
Net debt to net capital employed (2) |
10.8% | 5.1% | (23.5)% | |||||||||
Return on stockholders equity (3) |
19.7% | 16.9% | 18.7% | |||||||||
|
(1) | Ratio is computed as total debt divided by the sum of total debt and stockholders equity. |
(2) | Ratio is computed as total debt, net of cash and cash equivalents (net debt), divided by the sum of net debt and stockholders equity (net capital employed). |
(3) | Ratio is computed as net income for the last four quarters, divided by a five-quarter average of stockholders equity. |
Our cash and equivalents balance as of March 31, 2012 included approximately $1.4 billion of cash held by our subsidiaries outside of the United States. Our primary intent is to utilize this cash in the foreign operations as well as to fund certain research and development activities for an indefinite period of time. Although the vast majority of cash held outside the United States is available for repatriation, doing so could subject us to U.S. federal, state and local income tax. During the fourth quarter of 2011 and pursuant to IRS regulations, we temporarily borrowed and repaid $1.0 billion of cash held by our subsidiaries outside the United States. The duration of this temporary loan to the United States was less than 60 days.
Working capital primarily includes cash and cash equivalents, receivables and inventories, net of drafts and accounts payable, deferred revenue and other current liabilities. Our Distribution Solutions segment requires a substantial investment in working capital that is susceptible to large variations during the year as a result of inventory purchase patterns and seasonal demands. Inventory purchase activity is a function of sales activity and other requirements.
46
McKESSON CORPORATION
FINANCIAL REVIEW (Continued)
Consolidated working capital decreased at March 31, 2012 compared to March 31, 2011 primarily due to increases in drafts and accounts payable and other accrued liabilities, partially offset by increases in receivables and inventories. Consolidated working capital decreased at March 31, 2011 compared to March 31, 2010, primarily due to increases in drafts and accounts payables, other accrued liabilities and the current portion of long-term debt, partially offset by an increase in receivables.
Our ratio of net debt to net capital employed increased at March 31, 2012 compared to March 31, 2011 primarily due to a lower cash and cash equivalents balance. Our ratio of net debt to net capital employed increased at March 31, 2011 compared to March 31, 2010 primarily due to an increase in total debt as a result of the US Oncology acquisition.
In May 2010, the quarterly dividend was raised from $0.12 to $0.18 per common share and in April 2011, the quarterly dividend was raised from $0.18 to $0.20 per common share. The Company anticipates that it will continue to pay quarterly cash dividends in the future. However, the payment and amount of future dividends remain within the discretion of the Board and will depend upon the Companys future earnings, financial condition, capital requirements and other factors. In 2012, 2011 and 2010, we paid total cash dividends of $195 million, $171 million and $131 million.
Contractual Obligations:
The table below presents our significant financial obligations and commitments at March 31, 2012:
Years | ||||||||||||||||||||
(In millions) | Total | Within 1 | Over 1 to 3 | Over 3 to 5 | After 5 | |||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||
On balance sheet |
||||||||||||||||||||
Long-term debt (1) |
$ | 3,580 | $ | 508 | $ | 353 | $ | 1,100 | $ | 1,619 | ||||||||||
Other (2) |
405 | 49 | 180 | 66 | 110 | |||||||||||||||
Off balance sheet |
||||||||||||||||||||
Interest on borrowings (3) |
1,787 | 195 | 313 | 269 | 1,010 | |||||||||||||||
Purchase obligations (4) |
576 | 476 | 90 | 10 | | |||||||||||||||
Operating lease obligations (5) |
868 | 188 | 280 | 167 | 233 | |||||||||||||||
Customer guarantees (6) |
166 | 107 | 35 | 3 | 21 | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Total |
$ | 7,382 | $ | 1,523 | $ | 1,251 | $ | 1,615 | $ | 2,993 | ||||||||||
|
(1) | Represents maturities of the Companys long-term obligations including an immaterial amount of capital lease obligations. |
(2) | Represents our estimated benefit payments for the unfunded benefit plans and minimum funding requirements for the pension plans. |
(3) | Primarily represents interest that will become due on our fixed rate long-term debt obligations. |
(4) | A purchase obligation is defined as an arrangement to purchase goods or services that is enforceable and legally binding on the Company. These obligations primarily relate to inventory purchases, capital commitments and service agreements. |
(5) | Represents minimum rental payments for operating leases. |
(6) | Represents primarily agreements with certain of our Canadian customers financial institutions under which we have guaranteed the repurchase of our customers inventory or our customers debt in the event these customers are unable to meet their obligations to those financial institutions. We also have an agreement with one software customer that, under limited circumstances, may require us to secure standby financing. Because the amount of the standby financing is not explicitly stated, the overall amount of this guarantee cannot reasonably be estimated. |
At March 31, 2012, the liability recorded for uncertain tax positions, excluding associated interest and penalties, was approximately $504 million. Since the ultimate amount and timing of any future cash settlements cannot be predicted with reasonable certainty, the estimated liability has been excluded from the contractual obligations table.
In addition, at March 31, 2012, our banks and insurance companies have issued $86 million of standby letters of credit and surety bonds, which were issued on our behalf mostly related to our customer contracts and in order to meet the security requirements for statutory licenses and permits, court and fiduciary obligations and our workers compensation and automotive liability programs.
47
McKESSON CORPORATION
FINANCIAL REVIEW (Continued)
Credit Resources:
We fund our working capital requirements primarily with cash and cash equivalents, as well as, short-term borrowings under the accounts receivable sales facility, revolving credit facility and from commercial paper issuances.
Senior Bridge Term Loan Facility
In connection with our execution of an agreement to acquire US Oncology, in November 2010, we entered into a $2.0 billion unsecured Senior Bridge Term Loan Agreement (Bridge Loan). In December 2010, we reduced the Bridge Loan commitment to $1.0 billion. On January 31, 2011, we borrowed $1.0 billion under the Bridge Loan. On February 28, 2011, we repaid the funds obtained under the Bridge Loan with long-term debt, as further described below, and the Senior Bridge Term Loan Agreement was terminated. During the time it was outstanding, the Bridge Loan bore interest of 1.76%, which was based on the London Interbank Offered Rate plus a margin based on the Companys credit rating. Bridge Loan fees in 2011 of $25 million were included in interest expense.
US Oncology Debt Acquired
Upon our purchase of US Oncology in December 2010, we assumed the outstanding debt of US Oncology Holdings, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiary US Oncology, Inc. Immediately prior to our acquisition, US Oncology Holdings, Inc. called for redemption all of its outstanding Senior Unsecured Floating Rate Toggle Notes due 2012, and US Oncology, Inc. called for redemption all of its outstanding 9.125% Senior Secured Notes due 2017 and 10.75% Senior Subordinated Notes due 2014. In the fourth quarter of 2011, we paid interest of $50 million and redeemed these notes, including the remaining accrued interest, for $1,738 million using cash on hand and borrowings under our Bridge Loan.
Long-Term Debt
On February 28, 2011, we issued 3.25% notes due March 1, 2016 in an aggregate principal amount of $600 million, 4.75% notes due March 1, 2021 in an aggregate principal amount of $600 million and 6.00% notes due March 1, 2041 in an aggregate principal amount of $500 million. Interest is payable on March 1 and September 1 of each year beginning on September 1, 2011. We utilized net proceeds, after discounts and offering expenses, of $1,673 million from the issuance of these notes for general corporate purposes, including the repayment of borrowings under the Bridge Loan.
We repaid our $400 million 7.75% Notes in February 2012 and our $215 million 9.13% Series C Senior notes in March 2010, both of which had matured.
Accounts Receivable Sales Facility
In May 2011, we renewed our existing accounts receivable sales facility for a one year period under terms substantially similar to those previously in place. The committed capacity of this facility is $1.35 billion, although, from time-to-time, the available amount of this facility may be less than $1.35 billion based on accounts receivable concentration limits and other eligibility requirements. During 2012, we borrowed $400 million under this facility. There were no borrowings in 2011 under this facility. At March 31, 2012, there were $400 million in secured borrowings and $400 million of related securitized accounts receivable outstanding, which are included in short-term borrowings and receivables in the consolidated balance sheets, under this facility. At March 31, 2011 there were no secured borrowings or related securitized accounts receivables outstanding under this facility. The current accounts receivable sales facility will expire in May 2012. We anticipate renewing this facility before its expiration.
Additional information regarding our accounts receivable sales facility is included in Financial Notes 1 and 12, Significant Accounting Policies and Debt and Financing Activities, to the consolidated financial statements appearing in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
48
McKESSON CORPORATION
FINANCIAL REVIEW (Continued)
Revolving Credit Facility
In September 2011, we renewed our existing syndicated $1.3 billion five-year senior unsecured revolving credit facility, which was scheduled to mature in June 2012. This renewed credit facility has terms and conditions substantially similar to those previously in place and matures in September 2016. Borrowings under this renewed credit facility bear interest based upon either the London Interbank Offered Rate or a prime rate. There were no borrowings under this credit facility during 2012, 2011 and 2010. As of March 31, 2012 and 2011, there were no borrowings outstanding under this credit facility.
Commercial Paper
There were no commercial paper issuances during 2012, 2011 and 2010 and no amount outstanding at March 31, 2012 and 2011.
Debt Covenant
Our various borrowing facilities and long-term debt are subject to certain covenants. Our principal debt covenant is our debt to capital ratio under our unsecured revolving credit facility, which cannot exceed 56.5%. For the purpose of calculating the debt to capital ratio under this covenant, borrowings under the accounts receivable sales facility are excluded. If we exceed this ratio, repayment of debt outstanding under the revolving credit facility could be accelerated. As of March 31, 2012, we were in compliance with our financial covenants. A reduction in our credit ratings, or the lack of compliance with our covenants, could negatively impact our ability to finance operations or issue additional debt at acceptable interest rates.
Funds necessary for future debt maturities and our other cash requirements are expected to be met by existing cash balances, cash flow from operations, existing credit sources and other capital market transactions.
RELATED PARTY BALANCES AND TRANSACTIONS
Information regarding our related party balances and transactions is included in Financial Note 21, Related Party Balances and Transactions, to the consolidated financial statements appearing in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
NEW ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
New accounting pronouncements that we have recently adopted, as well as those that have been recently issued but not yet adopted by us, are included in Financial Note 1, Significant Accounting Policies, to the consolidated financial statements appearing in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
49
McKESSON CORPORATION
FINANCIAL REVIEW (Concluded)
Item 7A. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk |
Interest rate risk: Our long-term debt bears interest predominately at fixed rates, whereas our short-term borrowings are at variable interest rates. If the underlying weighted average interest rate on our variable rate debt were to have changed by a hypothetical 50 bp in 2012, interest expense would not have been materially different from that reported.
Our cash and cash equivalents balances earn interest at variable rates. Should interest rates decline, our interest income may be negatively impacted. If the underlying weighted average interest rate on our cash and cash equivalents balances changed by 50 bp in 2012, interest income would have increased or decreased by approximately $18 million. The selected hypothetical change in interest rates does not reflect what could be considered the best or worst case scenarios.
As of March 31, 2012 and 2011, the net fair value liability of financial instruments with exposure to interest rate risk was approximately $4.1 billion and $4.3 billion. The estimated fair value of our long-term debt and other financing was determined using quoted market prices and other inputs that were derived from available market information and may not be representative of actual values that could have been realized or that will be realized in the future. Fair value is subject to fluctuations based on our performance, our credit ratings, changes in the value of our stock and changes in interest rates for debt securities with similar terms.
Foreign exchange risk: We derive revenues and earnings from Canada, the United Kingdom, Ireland, other European countries, Israel and Mexico, which exposes us to changes in foreign exchange rates. We seek to manage our foreign exchange risk in part through operational means, including managing same currency revenues in relation to same currency costs, and same currency assets in relation to same currency liabilities. Foreign exchange risk is also managed through the use of foreign currency forward-exchange contracts. These contracts are used to offset the potential earnings effects from mostly intercompany foreign currency investments and loans. As of March 31, 2012, a hypothetical adverse 10% change in quoted foreign currency exchange rates would not have had a material impact on our net fair value of financial instruments that have exposure to foreign currency risk.
50
McKESSON CORPORATION
Item 8. | Financial Statements and Supplementary Data |
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL INFORMATION
51
McKESSON CORPORATION
MANAGEMENTS ANNUAL REPORT ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING
The management of McKesson Corporation is responsible for establishing and maintaining an adequate system of internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f). With the participation of the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, our management conducted an assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on the framework and criteria established in Internal ControlIntegrated Framework, issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on this assessment, our management has concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of March 31, 2012.
Deloitte & Touche LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, audited the financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and has also audited the effectiveness of the Companys internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2012. This audit report appears on page 53 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
May 2, 2012
/s/ John H. Hammergren |
||
John H. Hammergren | ||
Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer | ||
(Principal Executive Officer) | ||
/s/ Jeffrey C. Campbell |
||
Jeffrey C. Campbell | ||
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer | ||
(Principal Financial Officer) |
52
McKESSON CORPORATION
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of McKesson Corporation:
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of McKesson Corporation and subsidiaries (the Company) as of March 31, 2012 and 2011, and the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders equity and cash flows for each of the three fiscal years in the period ended March 31, 2012. Our audits also included the consolidated financial statement schedule (financial statement schedule) listed in the Index at Item 15. We also have audited the Companys internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2012, based on criteria established in Internal Control Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. The Companys management is responsible for these financial statements and financial statement schedule, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Managements Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and financial statement schedule, and an opinion on the Companys internal control over financial reporting based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audits of the financial statements included examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.
A companys internal control over financial reporting is a process designed by, or under the supervision of, the companys principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, and effected by the companys board of directors, management, and other personnel to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A companys internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the companys assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of the inherent limitations of internal control over financial reporting, including the possibility of collusion or improper management override of controls, material misstatements due to error or fraud may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. Also, projections of any evaluation of the effectiveness of the internal control over financial reporting to future periods are subject to the risk that the controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of McKesson Corporation and subsidiaries as of March 31, 2012 and 2011, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three fiscal years in the period ended March 31, 2012, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also, in our opinion, such financial statement schedule, when considered in relation to the basic consolidated financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein. Also, in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2012, based on the criteria established in Internal Control Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.
/S/ Deloitte & Touche LLP
San Francisco, California
May 2, 2012
53
McKESSON CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(In millions, except per share amounts)
Years Ended March 31, | ||||||||||||
2012 | 2011 | 2010 | ||||||||||
Revenues |
$ | 122,734 | $ | 112,084 | $ | 108,702 | ||||||
Cost of Sales |
116,167 | 106,114 | 103,026 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Gross Profit |
6,567 | 5,970 | 5,676 | |||||||||
Operating Expenses |
||||||||||||
Selling |
764 | 767 | 746 | |||||||||
Distribution |
997 | 920 | 882 | |||||||||
Research and development |
440 | 407 | 376 | |||||||||
Administrative |
2,068 | 1,842 | 1,684 | |||||||||
Litigation charges (credit), net |
149 | 213 | (20) | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Total Operating Expenses |
4,418 | 4,149 | 3,668 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Operating Income |
2,149 | 1,821 | 2,008 | |||||||||
Other Income, Net |
21 | 36 | 43 | |||||||||
Interest Expense |
(251) | (222) | (187) | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Income from Continuing Operations Before Income Taxes |
1,919 | 1,635 | 1,864 | |||||||||
Income Tax Expense |
(516) | (505) | (601) | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Income from Continuing Operations |
1,403 | 1,130 | 1,263 | |||||||||
Discontinued Operation gain on sale, net of tax |
| 72 | | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Net Income |
$ | 1,403 | $ | 1,202 | $ | 1,263 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Earnings Per Common Share |
||||||||||||
Diluted |
||||||||||||
Continuing operations |
$ | 5.59 | $ | 4.29 | $ | 4.62 | ||||||
Discontinued operation gain on sale |
| 0.28 | | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Total |
$ | 5.59 | $ | 4.57 | $ | 4.62 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Basic |
||||||||||||
Continuing operations |
$ | 5.70 | $ | 4.37 | $ | 4.70 | ||||||
Discontinued operation gain on sale |
| 0.28 | | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Total |
$ | 5.70 | $ | 4.65 | $ | 4.70 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Weighted Average Common Shares |
||||||||||||
Diluted |
251 | 263 | 273 | |||||||||
Basic |
246 | 258 | 269 |
See Financial Notes
54
McKESSON CORPORATION
(In millions, except per share amounts)
March 31, | ||||||||
2012 | 2011 | |||||||
ASSETS |
||||||||
Current Assets |
||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
$ | 3,149 | $ | 3,612 | ||||
Receivables, net |
9,977 | 9,187 | ||||||
Inventories, net |
10,073 | 9,225 | ||||||
Prepaid expenses and other |
404 | 333 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total Current Assets |
23,603 | 22,357 | ||||||
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net |
1,043 | 991 | ||||||
Goodwill |
5,032 | 4,364 | ||||||
Intangible Assets, Net |
1,750 | 1,456 | ||||||
Other Assets |
1,665 | 1,718 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total Assets |
$ | 33,093 | $ | 30,886 | ||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS EQUITY |
||||||||
Current Liabilities |
||||||||
Drafts and accounts payable |
$ | 16,114 | $ | 14,090 | ||||
Short-term borrowings |
400 | | ||||||
Deferred revenue |
1,423 | 1,321 | ||||||
Deferred tax liabilities |
1,092 | 1,037 | ||||||
Current portion of long-term debt |
508 | 417 | ||||||
Other accrued liabilities |
2,149 | 1,861 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total Current Liabilities |
21,686 | 18,726 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Long-Term Debt |
3,072 | 3,587 | ||||||
Other Noncurrent Liabilities |
1,504 | 1,353 | ||||||
Other Commitments and Contingent Liabilities (Note 19) |
||||||||
Stockholders Equity |
||||||||
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 100 shares authorized, no shares issued or outstanding |
| | ||||||
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 800 shares authorized at March 31, 2012 and 2011, 373 and 369 shares issued at March 31, 2012 and 2011 |
4 | 4 | ||||||
Additional Paid-in Capital |
5,571 | 5,339 | ||||||
Retained Earnings |
9,451 | 8,250 | ||||||
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income |
5 | 87 | ||||||
Other |
4 | 10 | ||||||
Treasury Shares, at Cost, 138 and 117 at March 31, 2012 and 2011 |
(8,204) | (6,470) | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total Stockholders Equity |
6,831 | 7,220 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total Liabilities and Stockholders Equity |
$ | 33,093 | $ | 30,886 | ||||
|
|
|
|
See Financial Notes
55
McKESSON CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS EQUITY
Years Ended March 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010
(In millions, except per share amounts)
Additional Paid-in |
Other | Retained | Accumulated Comprehensive |
Treasury | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Common Stock |
Common | Stockholders | Other Comprehensive |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Shares | Amount | Capital | Capital | Earnings | Income (Loss) | Shares | Amount | Equity | Income | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balances, March 31, 2009 |
351 | $ | 4 | $ | 4,417 | $ | (8) | $ | 6,103 | $ | (179) | (80) | $ | (4,144) | $ | 6,193 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Issuance of shares under employee plans |
8 | 218 | (1) | (24) | 194 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Share-based compensation |
114 | 114 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Tax benefit related to issuance of shares under employee plans |
11 | 11 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Translation adjustments |
238 | 238 | $ | 238 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Unrealized net loss and other components of benefit plans, net of tax benefit of $32 |
(53) | (53) | (53) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income |
1,263 | 1,263 | 1,263 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Repurchase of common stock |
(7) | (299) | (299) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cash dividends declared, $0.48 per common share |
(131) | (131) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other |
(4) | (4) | 1 | 9 | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||
Balances, March 31, 2010 |
359 | $ | 4 | $ | 4,756 | $ | (12) | $ | 7,236 | $ | 6 | (88) | $ | (4,458) | $ | 7,532 | $ | 1,448 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Issuance of shares under employee plans |
10 | 370 | (17) | 353 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Share-based compensation |
137 | 137 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Tax benefit related to issuance of shares under employee plans |
113 | 113 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Translation adjustments |
76 | 76 | $ | 76 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income |
1,202 | 1,202 | 1,202 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Repurchase of common stock |
(37) | (29) | (1,995) | (2,032) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cash dividends declared, $0.72 per common share |
(188) | (188) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other |
22 | 5 | 27 | 5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||
Balances, March 31, 2011 |
369 | $ | 4 | $ | 5,339 | $ | 10 | $ | 8,250 | $ | 87 | (117) | $ | (6,470) | $ | 7,220 | $ | 1,283 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Issuance of shares under employee plans |
4 | 167 | (1) | (24) | 143 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Share-based compensation |
154 | 154 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Tax benefit related to issuance of shares under employee plans |
46 | 46 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Translation adjustments |
(56) | (56) | $ | (56) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Unrealized net loss and other components of benefit plans, net of tax benefit of $9 |
(21) | (21) | (21) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income |
1,403 | 1,403 | 1,403 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Repurchase of common stock |
(140) | (20) | (1,710) | (1,850) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cash dividends declared, $0.80 per common share |
(202) | (202) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other |
5 | (6) | (5) | (6) | (5) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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Balances, March 31, 2012 |
373 | $ | 4 | $ | 5,571 | $ | 4 | $ | 9,451 | $ | 5 | (138) | $ | (8,204) | $ | 6,831 | $ | 1,321 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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See Financial Notes
56
McKESSON CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In millions)
Years Ended March 31, | ||||||||||||
2012 | 2011 | 2010 | ||||||||||
Operating Activities |
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Net income |
$ | 1,403 | $ | 1,202 | $ | 1,263 | ||||||
Discontinued operation gain on sale, net of tax |
| (72) | | |||||||||
Adjustments to reconcile to net cash provided by operating activities: |
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Depreciation |
140 | 139 | 148 | |||||||||
Amortization |
411 | 357 | 326 | |||||||||
Provision for bad debts |
30 | 18 | 17 | |||||||||
Other deferred taxes |
242 | 184 | 161 | |||||||||
Share-based compensation expense |
154 | 137 | 114 | |||||||||
Impairment of capitalized software held for sale |
| 72 | | |||||||||
Other non-cash items |
66 | 12 | (20) | |||||||||
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions: |
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Receivables |
(770) | (673) | (133) | |||||||||
Inventories |
(878) | 367 | (782) | |||||||||
Drafts and accounts payable |
2,027 | 533 | 1,340 | |||||||||
Deferred revenue |
66 | 42 | 27 | |||||||||
Taxes |
15 | 33 | 88 | |||||||||
Litigation charges (credit) |
149 | 213 | (20) | |||||||||
Litigation settlement payments |
(26) | (26) | (350) | |||||||||
Deferred tax (benefit) expense on litigation |
(78) | (56) | 116 | |||||||||
Other |
(1) | (144) | 21 | |||||||||
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Net cash provided by operating activities |
2,950 | 2,338 | 2,316 | |||||||||
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Investing Activities |
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Property acquisitions |
(225) | (233) | (199) | |||||||||
Capitalized software expenditures |
(178) | (155) | (179) | |||||||||
Acquisitions, net of cash and cash equivalents acquired |
(1,156) | (292) | (18) | |||||||||
Proceeds from sale of businesses |
| 109 | 1 | |||||||||
Restricted cash for litigation charges |
(32) | | 55 | |||||||||
Other |
89 | (53) | 31 | |||||||||
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Net cash used in investing activities |
(1,502) | (624) | (309) | |||||||||
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Financing Activities |
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Proceeds from short-term borrowings |
400 | 1,000 | 5 | |||||||||
Repayments of short-term borrowings |
| (1,000) | (6) | |||||||||
Proceeds from issuances of long-term debt |
| 1,689 | | |||||||||
Repayments of long-term debt |
(430) | (1,730) | (218) | |||||||||
Common stock transactions: |
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Issuances |
167 | 367 | 212 | |||||||||
Share repurchases, including shares surrendered for tax withholding |
(1,874) | (2,050) | (323) | |||||||||
Dividends paid |
(195) | (171) | (131) | |||||||||
Other |
27 | 54 | 40 | |||||||||
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Net cash used in financing activities |
(1,905) | (1,841) | (421) | |||||||||
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Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents |
(6) | 8 | 36 | |||||||||
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Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents |
(463) | (119) | 1,622 | |||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year |
3,612 | 3,731 | 2,109 | |||||||||
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Cash and cash equivalents at end of year |
$ | 3,149 | $ | 3,612 | $ | 3,731 | ||||||
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Supplemental Cash Flow Information |
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Cash paid for: |
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Interest |
$ | 228 | $ | 244 | $ | 188 | ||||||
Income taxes, net of refunds |
337 | 347 | 234 | |||||||||
Non-cash item: |
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Fair value of debt assumed on acquisition |
$ | | $ | (1,891) | $ | | ||||||
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See Financial Notes
57
McKESSON CORPORATION
1. | Significant Accounting Policies |
Nature of Operations: McKesson Corporation (McKesson, the Company, the Registrant or we and other similar pronouns) delivers pharmaceuticals, medical supplies and health care information technologies that make health care safer while reducing costs. We conduct our business through two operating segments, McKesson Distribution Solutions and McKesson Technology Solutions, as further described in Financial Note 22, Segments of Business.
Basis of Presentation: The consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes are prepared in accordance with U. S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). The consolidated financial statements of McKesson include the financial statements of all wholly-owned subsidiaries and majority-owned or controlled companies. We also evaluate our ownership, contractual and other interests in entities to determine if they are variable interest entities (VIEs), if we have a variable interest in those entities and the nature and extent of those interests. These evaluations are highly complex and involve judgment and the use of estimates and assumptions based on available historical information and managements judgment, among other factors. Based on our evaluations, if we determine we are the primary beneficiary of such VIEs we consolidate such entities into our financial statements. The consolidated VIEs are not material to our consolidated financial statements. Intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated.
Fiscal Period: The Companys fiscal year begins on April 1 and ends on March 31. Unless otherwise noted, all references to a particular year shall mean the Companys fiscal year.
Reclassifications: Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation.
Use of Estimates: The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires that we make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual amounts could differ from those estimated amounts.
Cash and Cash Equivalents: All highly liquid debt instruments purchased with original maturity of three months or less at the date of acquisition are included in cash and cash equivalents.
Cash is primarily held in non-interest bearing accounts and is fully insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation regardless of the dollar amount. Cash equivalents are primarily invested in AAA rated prime money market funds denominated in US dollars, Canadian government securities and a AAA rated prime money market fund denominated in British pound sterling.
The remaining cash and cash equivalents are deposited with several financial institutions. We mitigate the risk of our short-term investment portfolio by depositing funds with reputable financial institutions and monitoring risk profiles and investment strategies of money market funds.
Restricted Cash: Cash that is subject to legal restrictions or is unavailable for general operating purposes is classified as restricted cash and is included within prepaid expenses and other in the consolidated balance sheets. At March 31, 2012 and 2011, restricted cash was not material.
Marketable Securities Available for Sale: We carry our marketable securities, which are available for sale, at fair value and they are included in prepaid expenses and other in the consolidated balance sheets. The net unrealized gains and losses, net of the related tax effect, computed in marking these securities to market have been reported within stockholders equity. At March 31, 2012 and 2011, marketable securities were not material.
58
McKESSON CORPORATION
FINANCIAL NOTES (Continued)
Concentrations of Credit Risk and Receivables: Our trade receivables are subject to a concentration of credit risk with customers primarily in our Distribution Solutions segment. During 2012, sales to our ten largest customers accounted for approximately 52% of our total consolidated revenues. Sales to our two largest customers, CVS Caremark Corporation (CVS) and Rite Aid Corporation (Rite Aid), accounted for approximately 16% and 10% of our total consolidated revenues. At March 31, 2012, accounts receivable from our ten largest customers were approximately 49% of total accounts receivable. Accounts receivable from CVS, Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. (Walmart) and Rite Aid were approximately 17%, 10% and 9% of total accounts receivable. As a result, our sales and credit concentration is significant. We also have agreements with group purchasing organizations (GPOs), each of which functions as a purchasing agent on behalf of member hospitals, pharmacies and other healthcare providers. The accounts receivables balances are with individual members of the GPOs. A default in payment, a material reduction in purchases from these, or any other large customers or the loss of a large customer could have a material adverse impact on our financial condition, results of operations and liquidity. In addition, trade receivables are subject to a concentration of credit risk with customers in the institutional, retail and healthcare provider sectors, which can be affected by a downturn in the economy and changes in reimbursement policies. This credit risk is mitigated by the size and diversity of the customer base as well as its geographic dispersion. We estimate the receivables for which we do not expect full collection based on historical collection rates and ongoing evaluations of the creditworthiness of our customers. An allowance is recorded in our consolidated financial statements for these amounts.
Financing Receivables: We assess and monitor credit risk associated with financing receivables, namely lease and notes receivables, through regular review of our collection experience in determining our allowance for loan losses. On an ongoing basis, we also evaluate credit quality of our financing receivables utilizing aging of receivables and write-offs, as well as consider existing economic conditions, to determine if an allowance is necessary. As of March 31, 2012 and 2011, financing receivables and the related allowance were not material to our consolidated financial statements.
Inventories: We report inventories at the lower of cost or market (LCM). Inventories for our Distribution Solutions segment consist of merchandise held for resale. For our Distribution Solutions segment, the majority of the cost of domestic inventories is determined using the last-in, first-out (LIFO) method and the cost of Canadian inventories is determined using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method. Technology Solutions segment inventories consist of computer hardware with cost generally determined by the standard cost method, which approximates average cost. Rebates, fees, cash discounts, allowances, chargebacks and other incentives received from vendors are generally accounted for as a reduction in the cost of inventory and are recognized when the inventory is sold.
The LIFO method was used to value approximately 88% and 87% of our inventories at March 31, 2012 and 2011. At March 31, 2012 and 2011, our LIFO reserves, net of LCM adjustments, were $107 million and $96 million. LIFO reserves include both pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical products. In 2012, 2011 and 2010, we recognized net LIFO expense of $11 million, $3 million and $8 million within our consolidated statements of operations, which related to our non-pharmaceutical products. A LIFO expense is recognized when the net effect of price increases on branded pharmaceuticals and non-pharmaceutical products held in inventory exceeds the impact of price declines and shifts towards generic pharmaceuticals, including the effect of branded pharmaceutical products that have lost market exclusivity. A LIFO credit is recognized when the net effect of price declines and shifts towards generic pharmaceuticals exceeds the impact of price increases on branded pharmaceuticals and non-pharmaceutical products held in inventory.
We believe that the average cost or FIFO inventory costing method provides a reasonable estimation of the current cost of replacing inventory (i.e., market). As such, our LIFO inventory is valued at the lower of LIFO or market. Primarily due to continued net deflation in generic pharmaceutical inventories, pharmaceutical inventories at LIFO were $76 million and $156 million higher than market as of March 31, 2012 and 2011. As a result, we recorded a LCM credit of $80 million in 2012 and a LCM charge of $44 million in 2011 within our consolidated statements of operations to adjust our LIFO inventories to market.
59
McKESSON CORPORATION
FINANCIAL NOTES (Continued)
Shipping and Handling Costs: We include all costs to warehouse, pick, pack and deliver inventory to our customers in distribution expenses.
Property, Plant and Equipment: We state our property, plant and equipment at cost and depreciate them under the straight-line method at rates designed to distribute the cost of properties over estimated service lives ranging from one to 30 years.
Goodwill: Goodwill is tested for impairment on an annual basis in the fourth quarter or more frequently if indicators for potential impairment exist. Impairment testing is conducted at the reporting unit level, which is generally defined as a component one level below our Distribution Solutions and Technology Solutions operating segments, for which discrete financial information is available and segment management regularly reviews the operating results of that unit. Components that have essentially similar operations, products, services and customers are aggregated as a single reporting unit.
Impairment tests require that we compare the carrying value of our reporting units to the estimated fair value of the reporting units. Goodwill is reviewed for impairment utilizing either a qualitative or quantitative assessment. If we decide that it is appropriate to perform a qualitative assessment and conclude that the fair value of a reporting unit more likely than not exceeds its carrying value, no further evaluation is necessary. For reporting units where we perform a quantitative assessment, the fair value of a reporting unit is based upon a number of considerations including projections of revenues, earnings and discounted cash flows and determination of market value multiples for similar businesses or guideline companies whose securities are actively traded in public markets. The discount rate used for cash flows reflects capital market conditions and the specific risks associated with the business. In addition, we compare the aggregate of the reporting units fair value to the Companys market capitalization as a further corroboration of the fair value. The testing requires a complex series of assumptions and judgment by management in projecting future operating results, selecting guideline companies for comparisons and assessing risks. The use of alternative assumptions and estimates could affect the fair values and change the impairment determinations. There were no goodwill impairments during 2012, 2011, or 2010.
Intangible Assets: Currently all of our intangible assets are subject to amortization and are generally amortized on a straight line basis over their estimated useful lives, ranging from one to twenty years. We review identifiable intangible assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the assets may not be recoverable. Determination of recoverability is based on the lowest level of identifiable estimated undiscounted cash flows resulting from use of the asset and its eventual disposition. Measurement of any impairment loss is based on the excess of the carrying value of the asset over its fair value. There were no material impairments of intangible assets during 2012, 2011 or 2010.
Capitalized Software Held for Sale: Development costs for software held for sale, which primarily pertain to our Technology Solutions segment, are capitalized once a project has reached the point of technological feasibility. Completed projects are amortized after reaching the point of general availability using the straight-line method based on an estimated useful life of approximately three years. At each balance sheet date, or earlier if an indicator of an impairment exists, we evaluate the recoverability of unamortized capitalized software costs based on estimated future undiscounted revenues net of estimated related costs over the remaining amortization period. As of March 31, 2012 and 2011, capitalized software held for sale was $144 million and $152 million, net of accumulated amortization and was included in other assets in the consolidated balance sheets.
Additional information regarding our capitalized software held for sale is as follows:
Years Ended March 31, | ||||||||||||
(In millions) | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | |||||||||
Amounts capitalized |
$ | 47 | $ | 64 | $ | 75 | ||||||
Amortization expense |
53 | 75 | 67 | |||||||||
Impairment charge |
| 72 | | |||||||||
Third-party royalty fees paid |
95 | 72 | 63 |
60
McKESSON CORPORATION
FINANCIAL NOTES (Continued)
Capitalized Software Held for Internal Use: We capitalize costs of software held for internal use during the application development stage of a project and amortize those costs over the assets estimated useful lives ranging from one to ten years. As of March 31, 2012 and 2011, capitalized software held for internal use was $445 million and $446 million, net of accumulated amortization of $902 million and $778 million, and was included in other assets in the consolidated balance sheets.
Insurance Programs: Under our insurance programs, we seek to obtain coverage for catastrophic exposures as well as those risks required to be insured by law or contract. It is our policy to retain a significant portion of certain losses primarily related to workers compensation and comprehensive general, product and vehicle liability. Provisions for losses expected under these programs are recorded based upon our estimate of the aggregate liability for claims incurred as well as for claims incurred but not yet reported. Such estimates utilize certain actuarial assumptions followed in the insurance industry.
Revenue Recognition: Revenues for our Distribution Solutions segment are recognized when product is delivered and title passes to the customer or when services have been rendered and there are no further obligations to the customer.
Revenues are recorded net of sales returns, allowances, rebates and other incentives. Our sales return policy generally allows customers to return products only if they can be resold for value or returned to suppliers for full credit. Sales returns are accrued based on estimates at the time of sale to the customer. Sales returns from customers were approximately $1.6 billion in 2012, $1.4 billion in 2011 and $1.2 billion in 2010. Taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities are presented on a net basis; that is, they are excluded from revenues.
The revenues for our Distribution Solutions segment include large volume sales of pharmaceuticals to a limited number of large customers who warehouse their own product. We order bulk product from the manufacturer, receive and process the product through our central distribution facility and deliver the bulk product (generally in the same form as received from the manufacturer) directly to our customers warehouses. Sales to customers warehouses amounted to $20.5 billion in 2012, $18.6 billion in 2011, and $21.4 billion in 2010. We also record revenues for direct store deliveries from most of these same customers. Direct store deliveries are shipments from the manufacturer to our customers of a limited category of products that require special handling. We assume the primary liability to the manufacturer for these products.
Revenues are recorded gross when we are the primary party obligated in the transaction, take title to and possession of the inventory, are subject to inventory risk, have latitude in establishing prices, assume the risk of loss for collection from customers as well as delivery or return of the product, are responsible for fulfillment and other customer service requirements, or the transactions have several but not all of these indicators.
Our Distribution Solutions segment also engages in multiple-element arrangements, which may contain a combination of various products and services. Revenue from a multiple element arrangement is allocated to the separate elements based on estimates of fair value and recognized in accordance with the revenue recognition criteria applicable to each element. If fair value cannot be established for any undelivered element, all of the arrangements revenue is deferred until delivery of the last element has occurred and services have been performed or until fair value can objectively be determined for any remaining undelivered elements. Effective April 1, 2011, revenue from a multiple element arrangement is allocated to the separate elements, based on the best estimate of selling prices if neither objective evidence nor third party evidence of selling prices exists for all new arrangements or materially modified existing arrangements.
Revenues for our Technology Solutions segment are generated primarily by licensing software and software systems (consisting of software, hardware and maintenance support), and providing outsourcing and professional services. Revenue for this segment is recognized as follows:
61
McKESSON CORPORATION
FINANCIAL NOTES (Continued)
Software systems are marketed under information systems agreements as well as service agreements. Perpetual software arrangements are recognized at the time of delivery or under the percentage-of-completion method based on the terms and conditions in the contract. Contracts accounted for under the percentage-of-completion method are generally measured based on the ratio of labor costs incurred to date to total estimated labor costs to be incurred. Changes in estimates to complete and revisions in overall profit estimates on these contracts are charged to earnings in the period in which they are determined. We accrue for contract losses if and when the current estimate of total contract costs exceeds total contract revenue.
Hardware revenues are generally recognized upon delivery. Revenue from multi-year software license agreements is recognized ratably over the term of the agreement. Software implementation fees are recognized as the work is performed or under the percentage-of-completion method. Maintenance and support agreements are marketed under annual or multi-year agreements and are recognized ratably over the period covered by the agreements. Subscription, content and transaction processing fees are generally marketed under annual and multi-year agreements and are recognized ratably over the contracted terms beginning on the service start date for fixed fee arrangements and recognized as transactions are performed beginning on the service start date for per-transaction fee arrangements. Remote processing service fees are recognized monthly as the service is performed. Outsourcing service revenues are recognized as the service is performed.
We also offer certain products on an application service provider basis, making our software functionality available on a remote hosting basis from our data centers. The data centers provide system and administrative support, as well as hosting services. Revenue on products sold on an application service provider basis is recognized on a monthly basis over the term of the contract beginning on the service start date of products hosted.
This segment also engages in multiple-element arrangements, which