UNITED STATES
FORM 10-K
x ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
3M COMPANY
State of Incorporation: Delaware |
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I.R.S. Employer Identification No. 41-0417775 |
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Principal executive offices: 3M Center, St. Paul, Minnesota 55144 |
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Telephone number: (651) 733-1110 |
SECURITIES REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OF THE ACT:
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Name of each exchange |
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Title of each class |
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on which registered |
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Common Stock, Par Value $.01 Per Share |
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New York Stock Exchange, Inc. |
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Chicago Stock Exchange, Inc. |
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Note: The common stock of the Registrant is also traded on the SWX Swiss Exchange.
Securities registered pursuant to section 12(g) of the Act: None
Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes x . No o ..
Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes o . No x .
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x . No o .
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of Registrants knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. o
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of accelerated filer and large accelerated filer in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. Large accelerated filer x Accelerated filer o Non-accelerated filer o
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o . No x ..
The aggregate market value of voting stock held by nonaffiliates of the Registrant, computed by reference to the closing price and shares outstanding, was approximately $56.4 billion as of January 31, 2008 (approximately $62.1 billion as of June 30, 2007, the last business day of the Registrants most recently completed second quarter).
Shares of common stock outstanding at January 31, 2008: 707,662,632.
Parts of the Companys definitive proxy statement (to be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A within 120 days after Registrants fiscal year-end of December 31, 2007) for its annual meeting to be held on May 13, 2008, are incorporated by reference in this Form 10-K in response to Part III, Items 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14.
This document (excluding exhibits) contains 92 pages.
The table of contents is set forth on page 2. The exhibit index begins on page 90.
3M COMPANY
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations |
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Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters |
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2
3M COMPANY
3M Company, formerly known as Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company, was incorporated in 1929 under the laws of the State of Delaware to continue operations begun in 1902. The Companys ticker symbol is MMM. As used herein, the term 3M or Company includes 3M Company and its subsidiaries unless the context indicates otherwise. In addition, for any references to Note 1 through Note 18, refer to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this document.
Available Information
The SEC maintains a website that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers, including the Company, that file electronically with the SEC. The public can obtain any documents that the Company files with the SEC at http://www.sec.gov. The Company files annual reports, quarterly reports, proxy statements and other documents with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (Exchange Act). The public may read and copy any materials that the Company files with the SEC at the SECs Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, N.E., Room 1580, Washington, D.C. 20549. The public may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330.
3M also makes available free of charge through its website (http://investor.3M.com) the Companys Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, and, if applicable, amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to the Exchange Act as soon as reasonably practicable after the Company electronically files such material with, or furnishes it to, the SEC.
General
3M is a diversified technology company with a global presence in the following businesses: industrial and transportation; health care; display and graphics; consumer and office; safety, security and protection services; and electro and communications. 3M is among the leading manufacturers of products for many of the markets it serves. Most 3M products involve expertise in product development, manufacturing and marketing, and are subject to competition from products manufactured and sold by other technologically oriented companies.
At December 31, 2007, the Company employed 76,239 people, with 34,138 employed in the United States and 42,101 employed internationally.
Business Segments
As discussed in Note 16 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, effective in the first quarter of 2007, 3M made certain product moves between its business segments in its continuing effort to drive growth by aligning businesses around markets and customers. Segment information presented herein reflects the impact of these changes for all periods presented.
3M continues to manage its operations in six operating business segments: Industrial and Transportation; Health Care; Display and Graphics; Consumer and Office; Safety, Security and Protection Services; and Electro and Communications. 3Ms six business segments bring together common or related 3M technologies, enhancing the development of innovative products and services and providing for efficient sharing of business resources. These segments have worldwide responsibility for virtually all 3M product lines. Certain small businesses and lab-sponsored products, as well as various corporate assets and expenses, are not allocated to the business segments. Financial information and other disclosures relating to 3Ms business segments and operations in major geographic areas are provided in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Industrial and Transportation Business: The Industrial and Transportation Business segment serves a broad range of markets, such as appliance, paper and packaging, food and beverage, and automotive. Industrial and Transportation products include tapes, a wide variety of coated and nonwoven abrasives, adhesives, specialty materials, closures for disposable diapers, and components and products that are used in the manufacture, repair, and maintenance of automotive, marine, aircraft and specialty vehicles. The August 2005 acquisition of CUNO, Incorporated (CUNO) added a comprehensive line of filtration products for the separation, clarification and purification of fluids and gases.
Major industrial products include vinyl, polyester, foil and specialty industrial tapes and adhesives; Scotch® Masking Tape, Scotch® Filament Tape and Scotch® Packaging Tape; packaging equipment; 3M VHB Bonding Tapes; conductive, low surface energy, hot melt, spray and structural adhesives; reclosable fasteners; label materials for durable
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goods; and coated, nonwoven and microstructured surface finishing and grinding abrasives for the industrial market. Other products include a comprehensive line of filtration products for the separation, clarification and purification of fluids and gases; fluoroelastomers for seals, tubes and gaskets in engines; engineering fluids; and closures for disposable diapers.
Major transportation products include insulation components, including components for catalytic converters; functional and decorative graphics; abrasion-resistant films; masking tapes; fasteners and tapes for attaching nameplates, trim, moldings, interior panels and carpeting; coated, nonwoven and microstructured finishing and grinding abrasives; structural adhesives; and other specialty materials. In addition, 3M provides paint finishing and detailing products, including a complete system of cleaners, dressings, polishes, waxes and other products.
Health Care Business: The Health Care segment serves markets that include medical, clinics and hospitals, pharmaceuticals, dental and orthodontic practitioners, and health information systems. Products and services provided to these and other markets include medical and surgical supplies, skin health and infection prevention products, drug delivery systems, dental and orthodontic products, health information systems and microbiology products. As discussed in Note 2, the global branded pharmaceuticals business was sold in December 2006 and January 2007.
In the medical and surgical areas, 3M is a supplier of medical tapes, dressings, wound closure products, orthopedic casting materials, electrodes and stethoscopes. In infection prevention, 3M markets a variety of surgical drapes, masks and preps, as well as sterilization assurance equipment. Other products include drug delivery systems, such as metered-dose inhalers, transdermal skin patches and related components. Dental and orthodontic products include restoratives, adhesives, finishing and polishing products, crowns, impression materials, preventive sealants, professional tooth whiteners, prophylaxis and orthodontic appliances. In health information systems, 3M develops and markets computer software for hospital coding and data classification, as well as providing related consulting services. 3M provides microbiology products that make it faster and easier for food processors to test the microbiological quality of food.
Display and Graphics Business: The Display and Graphics segment serves markets that include electronic display, touch screen, traffic safety and commercial graphics. This segment includes optical film and lens solutions for electronic displays; touch screens and touch monitors; computer screen filters; reflective sheeting for transportation safety; and commercial graphics systems.
The optical film business provides films that serve numerous market segments of the electronic display industry. 3M provides distinct products for five market segments, including products for: 1) LCD computer monitors, 2) LCD televisions, 3) hand-held devices such as cellular phones, 4) notebook PCs and 5) automotive displays. Other optical products include lens systems for projection televisions, in addition to desktop and notebook computer screen filters that address needs for light control, privacy viewing and glare reduction. The touch systems business includes touch screens and touch monitors. In traffic safety systems, 3M provides reflective sheetings used on highway signs, vehicle license plates, construction work-zone devices, trucks and other vehicles, and also provides pavement marking systems. Major commercial graphics products include films, inks, digital signage systems and related products used to produce graphics for vehicles and signs.
Consumer and Office Business: The Consumer and Office segment serves markets that include consumer retail, office retail, home improvement, building maintenance and other markets. Products in this segment include office supply products, stationery products, construction and home improvement products, home care products, protective material products and consumer health care products.
Major consumer and office products include Scotch® brand products, such as Scotch® Magic Tape, Scotch® Glue Stick and Scotch® Cushioned Mailer; Post-it® Products, such as Post-it® Flags, Post-it® Note Pads, Post-it® Labeling & Cover-up Tape, and Post-it® Pop-up Notes and Dispensers; construction and home improvement products, including surface-preparation and wood-finishing materials, Command Adhesive Products and Filtrete Filters for furnaces and air conditioners; home care products, including Scotch-Brite® Scour Pads, Scotch-Brite® Scrub Sponges, Scotch-Brite Microfiber Cloth products, O-Cel-O Sponges and Scotchgard Fabric Protectors; protective material products, certain maintenance-free respirators, and Nexcare Adhesive Bandages.
Safety, Security and Protection Services Business: The Safety, Security and Protection Services segment serves a broad range of markets that increase the safety, security and productivity of workers, facilities and systems. Major product offerings include personal protection products, safety and security products, energy control products, cleaning and protection products for commercial establishments, roofing granules for asphalt shingles, and supply chain execution software solutions. In August 2006, 3M completed the acquisition of Security Printing and Systems Limited, a producer of finished, personalized passports and secure cards, which expanded the 3M product line related to border and civil security solutions. 3Ms new emerging business opportunity in its Track and Trace initiative within 3Ms Safety, Security and Protection Services segment resulted in the merging of a number of formerly separate efforts into one concerted effort for
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future growth. Track and Trace has a growing array of applications from tracking packages to managing medical and legal records.
This segments products include certain maintenance-free and reusable respirators, personal protective equipment, electronic surveillance products, films that protect against counterfeiting, and reflective materials that are widely used on apparel, footwear and accessories, enhancing visibility in low-light situations. Other products include theft protection systems for libraries and library patron self-checkout systems; spill-control sorbents; Thinsulate Insulation and Thinsulate Lite Loft Insulation; 3M Scotchtint Window Film for buildings; 3M Ultra Safety and Security Window Film for property and personal protection during destructive weather conditions; nonwoven abrasive materials for floor maintenance and commercial cleaning; floor matting; natural and color-coated mineral granules for asphalt shingles; and supply chain execution software solutions.
Electro and Communications Business: The Electro and Communications segment serves the electrical, electronics and communications industries, including electrical utilities; electrical construction, maintenance and repair; original equipment manufacturer (OEM) electrical and electronics; computers and peripherals; consumer electronics; telecommunications central office, outside plant and enterprise; as well as aerospace, military, automotive and medical markets; with products that enable the efficient transmission of electrical power and speed the delivery of information and ideas. Products include electronic and interconnect solutions, microinterconnect systems, high-performance fluids, high-temperature and display tapes, telecommunications products, electrical products, and visual systems products.
Major electronic and electrical products include packaging and interconnection devices; high-performance fluids used in the manufacture of computer chips, and for cooling electronics and lubricating computer hard disk drives; high- temperature and display tapes; insulating materials, including pressure-sensitive tapes and resins; and related items. 3M Flexible Circuits use electronic packaging and interconnection technology, providing more connections in less space, and are used in ink-jet print cartridges, cell phones and electronic devices. This segment serves the worlds telecommunications companies with a wide array of products for fiber-optic and copper-based telecommunications systems for rapid deployment in fixed and wireless networks. The 3M Aluminum Conductor Composite Reinforced (ACCR) electrical power cable, with an aluminum-based metal matrix at its core, increases transmission capacity for existing power lines. Visual communication products serve the worlds office and education markets with overhead projectors and transparency films, as well as equipment and materials for electronic and multimedia presentations.
Distribution
3M products are sold through numerous distribution channels, including directly to users and through numerous wholesalers, retailers, jobbers, distributors and dealers in a wide variety of trades in many countries around the world. Management believes the confidence of wholesalers, retailers, jobbers, distributors and dealers in 3M and its products a confidence developed through long association with skilled marketing and sales representatives has contributed significantly to 3Ms position in the marketplace and to its growth. 3M has 157 sales offices worldwide, with nine in the United States and 148 internationally.
Research and Patents
Research and product development constitutes an important part of 3Ms activities and has been a major driver of 3Ms sales growth. Research, development and related expenses totaled $1.368 billion in 2007, $1.522 billion in 2006 and $1.274 billion in 2005. The global branded pharmaceuticals business, which was divested in December 2006 and January 2007, incurred research, development and related expenses of approximately $120 million in 2006 and $142 million in 2005. The 2006 amount also included a $95 million in-process research and development charge (discussed in Note 2) and $75 million in restructuring actions (Note 4). Research and development, covering basic scientific research and the application of scientific advances in the development of new and improved products and their uses, totaled $788 million in 2007, compared to $943 million in 2006, decreasing due to the $95 million for purchased in-process research and development discussed above and also due to the pharmaceuticals business divestiture. Research and development expenses totaled $818 million in 2005. Related expenses primarily include technical support provided by 3M to existing customers who are using 3M products, and the costs of internally developed patents.
The Companys products are sold around the world under various trademarks that are important to the Company. The Company also owns, or holds licenses to use, numerous U.S. and foreign patents. The Companys research and development activities generate a steady stream of inventions that are covered by new patents. Patents applicable to specific products extend for varying periods according to the date of patent application filing or patent grant and the legal term of patents in the various countries where patent protection is obtained. The actual protection afforded by a patent, which can vary from country to country, depends upon the type of patent, the scope of its coverage and the availability of legal remedies in the country.
The Company believes that its patents provide an important competitive advantage in many of its businesses. In general, no single patent or group of related patents is in itself essential to the Company as a whole or to any of the Companys
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business segments. The importance of patents in the Display and Graphics segments is described in Performance by Business Segment Display and Graphics Business in Part II, Item 7.
Raw Materials
In 2007, the Company experienced cost increases affecting metals, wood pulp and oil-derived raw materials. Costs for these materials have remained high throughout the year, and 3M would expect this level to carry over into early 2008, with some moderation occurring later in the year. To date, the Company is receiving sufficient quantities of all raw materials to meet its reasonably foreseeable production requirements. It is impossible to predict future shortages of raw materials or the impact any such shortages would have. 3M has avoided disruption to its manufacturing operations through careful management of existing raw material inventories and development and qualification of additional supply sources. 3M manages commodity price risks through negotiated supply contracts, price protection agreements and forward physical contracts.
Environmental Law Compliance
3Ms manufacturing operations are affected by national, state and local environmental laws around the world. 3M has made, and plans to continue making, necessary expenditures for compliance with applicable laws. 3M is also involved in remediation actions relating to environmental matters from past operations at certain sites (refer to Environmental and Other Liabilities and Insurance Receivables in Note 13, Commitments and Contingencies).
Environmental expenditures relating to existing conditions caused by past operations that do not contribute to current or future revenues are expensed. Reserves for liabilities for anticipated remediation costs are recorded on an undiscounted basis when they are probable and reasonably estimable, generally no later than the completion of feasibility studies or the Companys commitment to a plan of action. Environmental expenditures for capital projects that contribute to current or future operations generally are capitalized and depreciated over their estimated useful lives.
In 2007, 3M expended about $21 million for capital projects related to protecting the environment. This amount excludes expenditures for remediation actions relating to existing matters caused by past operations. Capital expenditures for environmental purposes have included pollution control devices such as wastewater treatment plant improvements, scrubbers, containment structures, solvent recovery units and thermal oxidizers at new and existing facilities constructed or upgraded in the normal course of business. Consistent with the Companys policies stressing environmental responsibility, capital expenditures (other than for remediation projects) for known projects are presently expected to be about $47 million over the next two years for new or expanded programs to build facilities or modify manufacturing processes to minimize waste and reduce emissions.
While the Company cannot predict with certainty the future costs of such cleanup activities, capital expenditures or operating costs for environmental compliance, the Company does not believe they will have a material effect on its capital expenditures, earnings or competitive position.
Executive Officers
Following is a list of the executive officers of 3M, and their age, present position, the year elected to their present position and other positions they have held during the past five years. No family relationships exist among any of the executive officers named, nor is there any undisclosed arrangement or understanding pursuant to which any person was selected as an officer. This information is presented as of the date of the 10-K filing (February 15, 2008).
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George W. Buckley |
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Chairman of the
Board, President and |
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2005 |
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Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Brunswick Corporation, 2000-2005 |
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Patrick D. Campbell |
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President and |
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Joe E. Harlan |
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Executive Vice
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2004 |
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President and Chairman of the Board, Sumitomo 3M Limited, 2003-2004 |
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Executive Vice President, Sumitomo 3M Limited, 2002-2003 |
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Executive Officers
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Michael A. Kelly |
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Executive Vice
President, |
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2006 |
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Division Vice President, Occupational Health and Environmental Safety Division, 2003-2006 |
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General Manager, Performance Materials Division, 2003 |
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Managing Director, 3M Korea, 2001-2003 |
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Angela S. Lalor |
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Senior Vice
President, |
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2006 |
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Staff Vice President, Human Resources Operations, 2005 |
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Executive Director, Human Resources Operations, 2004-2005 |
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Director, Compensation and Employee Administration, 2002-2004 |
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Jean Lobey |
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55 |
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Executive Vice
President, |
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2005 |
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Managing Director, 3M Brazil, 2003-2004 |
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Services Business |
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Executive Director, Six Sigma, Europe and Middle East, 2001-2003 |
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Robert D. MacDonald |
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57 |
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Senior Vice
President, |
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2004 |
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Division Vice President, Automotive Aftermarket Division, 2002-2004 |
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Moe S. Nozari |
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Executive Vice
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2002 |
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Frederick J. Palensky |
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Executive Vice
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2006 |
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Executive Vice President, Enterprise Services, 2005-2006 |
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Chief Technology Officer |
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Executive Vice President, Safety, Security and Protection Services Business, 2002-2005 |
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Brad T. Sauer |
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48 |
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Executive Vice
President, |
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2004 |
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Executive Vice President, Electro and Communications Business, 2002-2004 |
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Hak Cheol Shin |
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50 |
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Executive Vice
President, |
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2006 |
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Executive Vice President, Industrial Business, 2005 |
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Division Vice President, Industrial Adhesives and Tapes Division, 2003-2005 |
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Division Vice President, Electronics Markets Materials Division, 2002-2003 |
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Marschall I. Smith |
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63 |
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Senior Vice
President, |
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2007 |
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Vice President and General Counsel, Brunswick Corporation, 2001-2007 |
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Inge G. Thulin |
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54 |
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Executive Vice
President, |
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2004 |
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Vice President, Asia Pacific; and Executive Vice President, International Operations, 2003-2004 |
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Vice President, Europe and Middle East, 2002-2003 |
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John K. Woodworth |
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56 |
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Senior Vice President, |
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2006 |
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Vice President, Asia Pacific, 2004-2006 |
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Corporate Supply Chain Operations |
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Division Vice President, Electronic Solutions Division, 2003-2004 |
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Division Vice President, Electronic and Interconnect Solutions Division, 2002-2003 |
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The most significant risk factors applicable to the Company are as follows:
* Results are impacted by the effects of, and changes in, worldwide economic conditions. The Company operates in more than 60 countries and derives approximately 63% of its revenues from outside the United States. The Companys business may be affected by factors in the United States and other countries that are beyond its control, such as downturns in economic activity in a specific country or region, or in the various industries in which the Company operates; social, political or labor conditions in a specific country or region; or adverse changes in interest rates, tax, or regulations in the jurisdictions in which the company operates.
* The Companys results are affected by competitive conditions and customer preferences. Demand for the Companys products, which impacts revenue and profit margins, is affected by (i) the development and timing of the introduction of competitive products; (ii) the Companys response to downward pricing to stay competitive; (iii) changes in customer order patterns, such as changes in the levels of inventory maintained by customers and the timing of customer purchases which may be affected by announced price changes, changes in the Companys incentive programs, or the customers ability to achieve incentive goals; and (iv) changes in customers preferences for our products, including the success of products offered by our competitors, and changes in customer designs for their products that can affect the demand for some of the Companys products.
* Foreign currency exchange rates and fluctuations in those rates may affect the Companys ability to realize projected growth rates in its sales and earnings. Because the Company derives approximately 63% of its revenues from outside the United States, its ability to realize projected growth rates in sales and earnings could be adversely affected if the U.S. dollar strengthens significantly against foreign currencies.
* The Companys growth objectives are largely dependent on the timing and market acceptance of its new product offerings, including its ability to continually renew its pipeline of new products and to bring those products to market. This ability may be adversely affected by difficulties or delays in product development, such as the inability to identify viable new products, obtain adequate intellectual property protection, or gain market acceptance of new products. There are no guarantees that new products will prove to be commercially successful.
* The Companys future results are subject to fluctuations in the costs and availability of purchased components, compounds, raw materials and energy, including oil and natural gas and their derivatives, due to shortages, increased demand, supply interruptions, currency exchange risks, natural disasters and other factors. The Company depends on various components, compounds, raw materials, and energy (including oil and natural gas and their derivatives) supplied by others for the manufacturing of its products. It is possible that any of its supplier relationships could be interrupted due to natural and other disasters and other events, or be terminated in the future. Any sustained interruption in the Companys receipt of adequate supplies could have a material adverse effect on the Company. In addition, while the Company has a process to minimize volatility in component and material pricing, no assurance can be given that the Company will be able to successfully manage price fluctuations or that future price fluctuations or shortages will not have a material adverse effect on the Company.
* Acquisitions, strategic alliances, divestitures, and other unusual events resulting from portfolio management actions and other evolving business strategies, and possible organizational restructuring could affect future results. The Company monitors its business portfolio and organizational structure and has made and may continue to make acquisitions, strategic alliances, divestitures and changes to its organizational structure. With respect to acquisitions, future results will be affected by the Companys ability to integrate acquired businesses quickly and obtain the anticipated synergies.
* The Companys future results may be affected if the Company generates fewer productivity improvements than estimated. The Company utilizes various tools, such as Lean Six Sigma, to improve operational efficiency and productivity. There can be no assurance that all of the projected productivity improvements will be realized.
* The Companys future results may be affected by various legal and regulatory proceedings, including those involving product liability, antitrust, environmental or other matters. The outcome of these legal proceedings may differ from the Companys expectations because the outcomes of litigation, including regulatory matters, are often difficult to reliably predict. Various factors or developments can lead the Company to change current estimates of liabilities and related insurance receivables where applicable, or make such estimates for matters previously not susceptible of reasonable estimates, such as a significant judicial ruling or judgment, a significant settlement, significant regulatory developments or changes in applicable law. A future adverse ruling, settlement or unfavorable development could result in future charges that could have a material adverse effect on the Companys results of operations or cash flows in any particular period. For a more detailed discussion of the legal proceedings involving the Company and the associated accounting estimates, see the discussion in Note 13.
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Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments.
None.
3Ms general offices, corporate research laboratories, and certain division laboratories are located in St. Paul, Minnesota. In the United States, 3M has nine sales offices in eight states and operates 74 manufacturing facilities in 27 states. Internationally, 3M has 148 sales offices. The Company operates 93 manufacturing and converting facilities in 32 countries outside the United States.
3M owns substantially all of its physical properties. 3Ms physical facilities are highly suitable for the purposes for which they were designed. Because 3M is a global enterprise characterized by substantial intersegment cooperation, properties are often used by multiple business segments.
Discussion of legal matters is incorporated by reference from Part II, Item 8, Note 13, Commitments and Contingencies, of this document, and should be considered an integral part of Part I, Item 3, Legal Proceedings.
Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders.
None in the quarter ended December 31, 2007.
Item 5. Market for Registrants Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.
Equity compensation plans information is incorporated by reference from Part III, Item 12, Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters, of this document, and should be considered an integral part of Item 5. At January 31, 2008, there were approximately 121,302 shareholders of record. 3Ms stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange, Inc. (NYSE), the Chicago Stock Exchange, Inc., and the SWX Swiss Exchange. Cash dividends declared and paid totaled $.48 per share for each quarter of 2007, and $.46 per share for each quarter of 2006. Stock price comparisons follow:
Stock price comparisons (NYSE composite transactions)
(Per share amounts) |
|
First |
|
Second |
|
Third |
|
Fourth |
|
|
|
|||||
2007 High |
|
$ |
79.88 |
|
$ |
89.03 |
|
$ |
93.98 |
|
$ |
97.00 |
|
$ |
97.00 |
|
2007 Low |
|
72.90 |
|
75.91 |
|
83.21 |
|
78.98 |
|
72.90 |
|
|||||
2006 High |
|
$ |
79.83 |
|
$ |
88.35 |
|
$ |
81.60 |
|
$ |
81.95 |
|
$ |
88.35 |
|
2006 Low |
|
70.30 |
|
75.76 |
|
67.05 |
|
73.00 |
|
67.05 |
|
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Repurchases of common stock are made to support the Companys stock-based employee compensation plans and for other corporate purposes. On February 13, 2006, the Board of Directors authorized the purchase of $2.0 billion of the Companys common stock between February 13, 2006 and February 28, 2007. In August 2006, 3Ms Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of an additional $1.0 billion in share repurchases, raising the total authorization to $3.0 billion for the period from February 13, 2006 to February 28, 2007. In February 2007, 3Ms Board of Directors authorized a two-year share repurchase of up to $7.0 billion for the period from February 12, 2007 to February 28, 2009.
9
Issuer Purchases of Equity
Securities (registered pursuant to
Section 12 of the Exchange Act)
Period |
|
Total |
|
Average Price |
|
Total |
|
Maximum |
|
||
January 1-31, 2007 |
|
1,311,268 |
|
$ |
76.33 |
|
1,277,200 |
|
$ |
651 |
|
February 1-28, 2007 |
|
6,542,591 |
|
$ |
75.12 |
|
6,522,500 |
|
$ |
6,731 |
|
March 1-31, 2007 |
|
8,187,472 |
|
$ |
75.59 |
|
8,151,700 |
|
$ |
6,115 |
|
Total January 1 March 31, 2007 |
|
16,041,331 |
|
$ |
75.46 |
|
15,951,400 |
|
$ |
6,115 |
|
April 1-30, 2007 |
|
3,548,221 |
|
$ |
77.55 |
|
3,476,700 |
|
$ |
5,846 |
|
May 1-31, 2007 |
|
4,428,219 |
|
$ |
85.84 |
|
4,202,800 |
|
$ |
5,485 |
|
June 1-30, 2007 |
|
3,885,033 |
|
$ |
86.58 |
|
3,810,800 |
|
$ |
5,155 |
|
Total April 1 June 30, 2007 |
|
11,861,473 |
|
$ |
83.60 |
|
11,490,300 |
|
$ |
5,155 |
|
July 1-31, 2007 |
|
1,646,251 |
|
$ |
89.01 |
|
1,510,300 |
|
$ |
5,021 |
|
August 1-31, 2007 |
|
2,329,478 |
|
$ |
87.05 |
|
2,247,300 |
|
$ |
4,825 |
|
September 1-30, 2007 |
|
2,086,564 |
|
$ |
90.24 |
|
2,029,600 |
|
$ |
4,642 |
|
Total July 1 September 30, 2007 |
|
6,062,293 |
|
$ |
88.68 |
|
5,787,200 |
|
$ |
4,642 |
|
October 1-31, 2007 |
|
2,192,302 |
|
$ |
88.89 |
|
2,178,500 |
|
$ |
4,448 |
|
November 1-30, 2007 |
|
1,702,375 |
|
$ |
82.35 |
|
1,692,000 |
|
$ |
4,309 |
|
December 1-31, 2007 |
|
1,896,612 |
|
$ |
85.41 |
|
1,873,500 |
|
$ |
4,149 |
|
Total October 1 Dec. 31, 2007 |
|
5,791,289 |
|
$ |
85.83 |
|
5,744,000 |
|
$ |
4,149 |
|
Total January 1 December 31, 2007 |
|
39,756,386 |
|
$ |
81.42 |
|
38,972,900 |
|
$ |
4,149 |
|
(1) The total number of shares purchased includes: (i) shares purchased under the Boards authorizations described above, and (ii) shares purchased in connection with the exercise of stock options (which totaled 34,068 shares in January 2007, 20,091 shares in February 2007, 35,772 shares in March 2007, 71,521 shares in April 2007, 225,419 shares in May 2007, 74,233 shares in June 2007, 135,951 shares in July 2007, 82,178 shares in August 2007, 56,964 shares in September 2007, 13,802 shares in October 2007, 10,375 shares in November 2007, and 23,112 shares in December 2007).
10
Item 6. Selected Financial Data.
(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts) |
|
2007 |
|
2006 |
|
2005 |
|
2004 |
|
2003 |
|
|||||
Years ended December 31: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
Net sales |
|
$ |
24,462 |
|
$ |
22,923 |
|
$ |
21,167 |
|
$ |
20,011 |
|
$ |
18,232 |
|
Income before cumulative effect of accounting change |
|
4,096 |
|
3,851 |
|
3,146 |
|
2,841 |
|
2,286 |
|
|||||
Per share of common stock: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
Income before cumulative effect of accounting change basic |
|
5.70 |
|
5.15 |
|
4.11 |
|
3.64 |
|
2.92 |
|
|||||
Income before cumulative effect of accounting change diluted |
|
5.60 |
|
5.06 |
|
4.03 |
|
3.56 |
|
2.88 |
|
|||||
Cash dividends declared and paid |
|
1.92 |
|
1.84 |
|
1.68 |
|
1.44 |
|
1.32 |
|
|||||
At December 31: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
Total assets |
|
$ |
24,694 |
|
$ |
21,294 |
|
$ |
20,541 |
|
$ |
20,723 |
|
$ |
17,612 |
|
Long-term debt (excluding portion due within one year) and long-term capital lease obligations |
|
4,088 |
|
1,112 |
|
1,368 |
|
798 |
|
1,805 |
|
The above income and earnings per share information exclude a cumulative effect of accounting change in 2005 ($35 million, or 5 cents per diluted share). Refer to Note 1 for more detail.
2007 results included net gains that increased operating income by $681 million and net income by $448 million. 2007 included gains related to the sale of businesses ($849 million pre-tax, $550 million after-tax) and a gain on sale of real estate ($52 million pre-tax, $37 million after-tax), which were partially offset by increases in environmental liabilities ($134 million pre-tax, $83 million after-tax), restructuring actions ($41 million pre-tax, $27 million after-tax), and other exit activities ($45 million pre-tax, $29 million after-tax). 2006 results included net gains that increased operating income by $523 million and net income by $438 million. 2006 included net benefits from gains related to the sale of certain portions of 3Ms branded pharmaceuticals business ($1.074 billion pre-tax, $674 million after-tax) and favorable income tax adjustments ($149 million), which were partially offset by restructuring actions ($403 million pre-tax, $257 million after-tax), acquired in-process research and development expenses ($95 million pre-tax and after-tax), settlement costs of a previously disclosed antitrust class action ($40 million pre-tax, $25 million after-tax), and environmental obligations related to the pharmaceuticals business ($13 million pre-tax, $8 million after-tax). 2005 results included charges that reduced net income by $75 million. This related to a tax liability resulting from 3Ms reinvestment of approximately $1.7 billion of foreign earnings in the United States pursuant to the repatriation provisions of the American Jobs Creation Act of 2004. 2003 results included charges related to an adverse ruling in a lawsuit filed against 3M in 1997 by LePages Inc. that reduced operating income by $93 million ($58 million after tax).
11
Item 7. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (MD&A) is designed to provide a reader of 3Ms financial statements with a narrative from the perspective of management. 3Ms MD&A is presented in nine sections:
|
|
Reference (pages) |
|
|
|
|
|
· |
Overview |
|
12 |
· |
Results of Operations |
|
15 |
· |
Performance by Business Segment |
|
18 |
· |
Performance by Geographic Segment |
|
27 |
· |
Critical Accounting Estimates |
|
28 |
· |
New Accounting Pronouncements |
|
30 |
· |
Financial Condition and Liquidity |
|
30 |
· |
Financial Instruments |
|
35 |
· |
Forward-Looking Statements |
|
35 |
OVERVIEW
3M is a diversified global manufacturer, technology innovator and marketer of a wide variety of products. 3M manages its operations in six operating business segments: Industrial and Transportation; Health Care; Display and Graphics; Consumer and Office; Safety, Security and Protection Services; and Electro and Communications.
3Ms strategy continues to emphasize a commitment to grow at a faster pace, using a four-pronged approach, which includes reinvesting in its core businesses, developing adjacent emerging business opportunities, expanding on the Companys already world-class capabilities internationally, and acquiring companies in complementary faster-growing industries. The Company will continue to invest in research and development and plant start-ups in 2008, including investments in emerging markets around the world. Research, development and related expenses totaled $1.368 billion in 2007. Capital expenditures totaled $1.422 billion in 2007, up $254 million compared with 2006. The Company expects capital expenditures to total approximately $1.3 billion to $1.4 billion in 2008, providing the capacity to meet expected growth.
In December 2006 and January 2007, 3M completed the sale of its branded pharmaceuticals business, resulting in gains in the fourth quarter of 2006 and first quarter of 2007. In addition, 3M recorded a gain related to the sale of its Opticom Priority Control Systems and Canoga Traffic Detection businesses in the second quarter of 2007. In both 2007 and 2006, these gains on sale of businesses and a gain on sale of real estate were partially offset by restructuring and other items. Refer to Note A at the end of this overview section for additional details. Including these items, in 2007, 3M reported record net sales of $24.462 billion and record net income of $4.096 billion, or $5.60 per diluted share, compared with net sales of $22.923 billion and net income of $3.851 billion, or $5.06 per diluted share, in 2006. Excluding the items in Note A in both years, the Company still achieved strong underlying operating performance, helped by a 6.7% increase in net sales, which included the divestiture impacts discussed above that reduced sales growth by 3.8%.
The following table contains sales and operating income results by business segment for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006. Refer to the Performance by Business Segment section for discussion of the gain on sale of businesses, restructuring and other items that impacted reported operating income results.
|
|
2007 |
|
2006 |
|
2007 vs. 2006 |
|
||||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) |
|
Net |
|
% of |
|
Oper. |
|
Net |
|
% of |
|
Oper. |
|
Net |
|
Oper. |
|
||||
Business Segments |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Industrial and Transportation |
|
$ |
7,274 |
|
29.7 |
% |
$ |
1,501 |
|
$ |
6,640 |
|
29.0 |
% |
$ |
1,342 |
|
9.6 |
% |
11.8 |
% |
Health Care |
|
3,968 |
|
16.2 |
% |
1,882 |
|
4,011 |
|
17.5 |
% |
1,845 |
|
(1.1 |
)% |
2.0 |
% |
||||
Display and Graphics |
|
3,892 |
|
15.9 |
% |
1,174 |
|
3,770 |
|
16.4 |
% |
1,044 |
|
3.2 |
% |
12.4 |
% |
||||
Consumer and Office |
|
3,403 |
|
13.9 |
% |
688 |
|
3,164 |
|
13.8 |
% |
629 |
|
7.6 |
% |
9.3 |
% |
||||
Safety, Security and |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Protection Services |
|
3,070 |
|
12.6 |
% |
611 |
|
2,663 |
|
11.6 |
% |
549 |
|
15.3 |
% |
11.3 |
% |
||||
Electro and Communications |
|
2,775 |
|
11.3 |
% |
481 |
|
2,631 |
|
11.5 |
% |
411 |
|
5.5 |
% |
17.0 |
% |
||||
Corporate and |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Unallocated |
|
80 |
|
0.4 |
% |
(144 |
) |
44 |
|
0.2 |
% |
(124 |
) |
|
|
|
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Total Company |
|
$ |
24,462 |
|
100 |
% |
$ |
6,193 |
|
$ |
22,923 |
|
100 |
% |
$ |
5,696 |
|
6.7 |
% |
8.7 |
% |
12
In 2007, worldwide total sales increased 6.7%. Local-currency sales growth (which includes volume, selling price and acquisition impacts, but excludes divestiture and translation impacts) was 7.3%, with organic local-currency growth of 4.9% (including 0.7% benefit from pharmaceuticals supply agreements) and acquisitions adding 2.4%. Divestitures, primarily the sale of the global branded pharmaceuticals business (Health Care segment), decreased worldwide sales growth by 3.8%. The sale of the pharmaceuticals business is not presented as a discontinued operation due to the extent of the projected continuing cash flows from 3Ms contractual supply relationship with the buyers in relation to those of the business that was sold.
The breadth of 3Ms product lines was evident during 2007 as the Company experienced solid sales growth across the portfolio. Health Care led all segments with local-currency sales growth of 18.3% (excluding divestitures). This includes a 4.4% benefit from acquisitions and 4.5% benefit due to the pharmaceuticals supply agreements. The sale of 3Ms global branded pharmaceuticals business reduced Health Care sales growth by 23.7%. Local-currency sales increased 10.8% in Safety, Security and Protection Services, including 7.4% from numerous acquisitions. Local-currency sales increased 5.8% in Industrial and Transportation, 5.0% in Consumer and Office, 2.3% in Electro and Communications, and 1.8% (excluding the impact of the Opticom/Canoga divestiture) in Display and Graphics. While 3M experienced broad-based sales growth, there was softness in certain markets in 2007. Within Display and Graphics, optical film sales increased slightly year-on-year, but 3M experienced an attachment rate loss in LCD desktop monitors and LCD TV segments, particularly in the second half of 2007, as competition continued to intensify in this market. 3M also experienced weakness in its roofing granules business for residential asphalt shingles and in its electronic solutions business due to softness in certain segments of the consumer electronics market. Refer to the section entitled Performance by Business Segment for a more detailed discussion of the results of the respective segments.
Geographically, the European region (which includes Europe, Middle East and Africa) led local-currency sales growth in 2007, with an increase of 11.7%, 7.4% of which was organic (excluding acquisitions, divestiture and translation impacts). Sales growth in Europe was led by Safety, Security and Protection Services and Health Care (without Pharmaceuticals). The combined Latin America and Canada area local-currency sales increased 10.6%, of which 9.6% was organic, with growth led by Industrial and Transportation, Safety, Security and Protection Services and Health Care (without Pharmaceuticals). Asia Pacific local-currency sales increased 4.9%, of which 4.5% was organic, with all six business segments contributing to this increase. United States local-currency sales increased 5.7%, of which 2.6% was organic. Organic volume growth in the U.S. was led by Health Care (without Pharmaceuticals) and Industrial and Transportation, which was partially offset by softness in the electronic solutions business and weakness in a few businesses that are impacted by the slowdown in the U.S. housing, road construction and mass retail markets, primarily the roofing granules, protective materials, traffic safety and office supply businesses. Divestitures, primarily the sale of the global branded pharmaceuticals business, reduced sales in Europe by 6.6%, in the United States by 4.2%, in the combined Latin America and Canada area by 2.8%, and in Asia Pacific by 1.3%. Currency effects increased total international sales by 5.2%, with Europe positively impacted by 8.5%, the combined Latin America and Canada area by 5.9%, and Asia Pacific by 2.0%, as the U.S. dollar weakened in aggregate against the multitude of currencies in these geographic areas.
Operating income for 2007 increased 8.7% year-on-year, including a net 2.2 percentage point benefit from the impact of items discussed in Note A below. Operating income margins were approximately 25% in both 2007 and 2006, with items in Note A positively impacting these margins in both years by approximately 2.5 percentage points.
3M generated $4.275 billion of operating cash flows in 2007, an increase of $436 million compared to 2006. In 2007, the Company utilized $4.619 billion of cash to repurchase 3M common stock and pay dividends, compared to $3.727 billion in 2006. In February 2007, 3Ms Board of Directors authorized a two-year share repurchase of up to $7.0 billion for the period from February 12, 2007 to February 28, 2009. As of December 31, 2007, approximately $4.1 billion remained available for repurchase. In February 2008, 3Ms Board authorized a dividend increase of 4.2% for 2008, marking the 50th consecutive year of dividend increases for 3M. 3Ms debt to total capital ratio (total capital defined as debt plus equity) as of December 31, 2007 was 30%. 3M has an AA credit rating from Standard & Poors, with a stable outlook, and an Aa1 credit rating from Moodys Investors Service, with a negative outlook. The Company has sufficient access to capital markets to meet currently anticipated growth and acquisition investment funding needs.
In 2007, the Company experienced cost increases affecting metals, wood pulp and oil-derived raw materials. Costs for these materials have remained high throughout the year, and 3M would expect this level to carry over into early 2008, with some moderation occurring later in the year. To date the Company is receiving sufficient quantities of all raw materials to meet its reasonably foreseeable production requirements. It is impossible to predict future shortages of raw materials or the impact any such shortages would have. 3M has avoided disruption to its manufacturing operations through careful management of existing raw material inventories and development and qualification of additional supply sources. 3M manages commodity price risks through negotiated supply contracts, price protection agreements and forward physical contracts.
13
In 2007, the Company modified elements of its long-term incentive compensation programs. With the May 2007 Management Stock Ownership Program (MSOP) Annual Grant, the Company reduced the number of traditional stock options granted by reducing the number of employees eligible to receive annual grants and by shifting a portion of the annual grant away from traditional stock options primarily to restricted stock units. These changes will reduce the annual dilution impact from approximately 1.5% of total outstanding common stock to approximately 1%. However, associated with the reduction in the number of eligible employees, the Company provided a one-time buyout grant of restricted stock units to the impacted employees, which resulted in increased stock-based compensation expense in 2007. Stock-based compensation expense totaled $0.18 per diluted share in 2007, compared with $0.17 per diluted share in 2006. The Companys MSOP, including restricted stock units, is discussed further in Note 15.
The preceding forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties that could cause results to differ materially from those projected (refer to the forward-looking statements section in Item 7 and the risk factors provided in Item 1A for discussion of these risks and uncertainties).
(Note A). In 2007, gains on sale of businesses and real estate, net of restructuring and other items, increased operating income by $681 million and net income by $448 million, or $0.62 per diluted share. 2007 included net benefits from gains related to the sale of businesses ($849 million pre-tax, $550 million after-tax) and a gain on sale of real estate ($52 million pre-tax, $37 million after-tax), which were partially offset by increases in environmental liabilities ($134 million pre-tax, $83 million after-tax), restructuring actions ($41 million pre-tax, $27 million after-tax), and other exit activities ($45 million pre-tax, $29 million after-tax). These items, except the gain on sale of real estate, are discussed in more detail in Note 2 (Acquisitions and Divestitures), Note 4 (Restructuring Actions and Other Exit Activities) and Note 13 (Commitments and Contingencies). Gains on sale of businesses include the second-quarter 2007 sale of 3Ms Opticom Priority Control Systems and Canoga Traffic Detection businesses, and the first-quarter 2007 sale of the global branded pharmaceuticals business in Europe. Concerning the real estate sale, 3M sold its current lab facility located in Suwon, Korea and is currently building a new state-of-the-art customer-oriented R&D facility closer to Seoul and many of 3Ms major customers.
In 2006, gains of sale of businesses, net of restructuring and other items, increased operating income by $523 million and net income by $438 million, or $0.57 per diluted share. 2006 included net benefits from gains related to the sale of certain portions of 3Ms branded pharmaceuticals business ($1.074 billion pre-tax, $674 million after-tax) and favorable income tax adjustments ($149 million), which were partially offset by restructuring actions ($403 million pre-tax, $257 million after-tax), acquired in-process research and development expenses ($95 million pre-tax and after-tax), settlement costs of a previously disclosed antitrust class action ($40 million pre-tax, $25 million after-tax), and environmental obligations related to the pharmaceuticals business ($13 million pre-tax, $8 million after-tax). These items, except the settlement costs and environmental obligations, are discussed in more detail in Note 2 (Acquisitions and Divestitures), Note 4 (Restructuring Actions and Other Exit Activities), Note 8 (Income Taxes) and Note 13 (Commitments and Contingencies). Concerning settlement costs, the Company recorded $40 million in 2006 with respect to a settlement in principle related to the antitrust class action brought on behalf of direct purchasers who did not purchase private label tape. Concerning environmental obligations, the Company increased its reserves by $13 million during 2006 for estimated environmental remediation costs at a European pharmaceutical plant.
14
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Net Sales:
|
|
2007 |
|
2006 |
|
||||||||||||||
|
|
U.S. |
|
Intl. |
|
Worldwide |
|
U.S. |
|
Intl. |
|
Worldwide |
|
||||||
Net sales (millions) |
|
$ |
8,987 |
|
$ |
15,475 |
|
$ |
24,462 |
|
$ |
8,853 |
|
$ |
14,070 |
|
$ |
22,923 |
|
% of worldwide sales |
|
36.7 |
% |
63.3 |
% |
|
|
38.6 |
% |
61.4 |
% |
|
|
||||||
Components of net sales change: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Volume organic |
|
1.6 |
% |
7.4 |
% |
5.1 |
% |
3.1 |
% |
8.0 |
% |
6.1 |
% |
||||||
Volume acquisitions |
|
3.1 |
|
2.1 |
|
2.4 |
|
2.6 |
|
1.9 |
|
2.1 |
|
||||||
Price |
|
1.0 |
|
(1.1 |
) |
(0.2 |
) |
1.4 |
|
(1.8 |
) |
(0.5 |
) |
||||||
Local-currency
sales |
|
5.7 |
|
8.4 |
|
7.3 |
|
7.1 |
|
8.1 |
|
7.7 |
|
||||||
Divestitures |
|
(4.2 |
) |
(3.6 |
) |
(3.8 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Translation |
|
|
|
5.2 |
|
3.2 |
|
|
|
1.0 |
|
0.6 |
|
||||||
Total sales change |
|
1.5 |
% |
10.0 |
% |
6.7 |
% |
7.1 |
% |
9.1 |
% |
8.3 |
% |
||||||
In 2007, local-currency sales growth of 7.3% (which includes acquisitions, but excludes divestiture and translation impacts) was led by the Health Care; Safety, Security and Protection Services; Industrial and Transportation and Consumer and Office segments. All business segments have contributed positive local-currency sales growth for four consecutive years. Acquisitions increased 2007 sales by 2.4%, led by the August 2006 acquisition of Security Printing and Systems Limited and the late 2006 acquisitions of Softmed Systems Inc. and Biotrace International PLC.
In 2006, local-currency sales growth of 7.7% was broad-based, as all business segments made positive contributions to local-currency sales growth. Acquisitions increased 2006 sales by 2.1%, driven by the August 2005 acquisition of CUNO and the August 2006 acquisition of Security Printing and Systems Limited.
Refer to both the Performance by Business Segment and Performance by Geographic Area sections for additional discussion of sales change.
Operating Expenses:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2007 |
|
2006 |
|
(Percent of net sales) |
|
2007 |
|
2006 |
|
2005 |
|
2006 |
|
2005 |
|
Cost of sales |
|
52.1 |
% |
51.1 |
% |
49.2 |
% |
1.0 |
% |
1.9 |
% |
Selling, general and administrative expenses |
|
20.5 |
|
22.1 |
|
21.9 |
|
(1.6 |
) |
0.2 |
|
Research, development and related expenses |
|
5.6 |
|
6.6 |
|
6.0 |
|
(1.0 |
) |
0.6 |
|
Gain on sale of businesses |
|
(3.5 |
) |
(4.6 |
) |
|
|
1.1 |
|
(4.6 |
) |
Operating income |
|
25.3 |
% |
24.8 |
% |
22.9 |
% |
0.5 |
% |
1.9 |
% |
As discussed in the preceding overview section, the 2007 gain on sale of businesses and real estate, net of environmental liability charges, restructuring and other exit activities, benefited 2007 operating income by $681 million, or 2.8% of net sales. In addition, the 2006 gain on sale, net of restructuring and other items, benefited 2006 operating income by $523 million, or 2.2% of net sales. The following tables summarize these items by operating expense category. Items included in the Other category of the table for 2006 are acquired in-process research and development expenses ($95 million), settlement costs of a previously disclosed antitrust class action ($40 million), and environmental obligations related to the pharmaceuticals business ($13 million).
15
|
|
2007 Gain on Sale, Restructuring and Other Summary |
|
|||||||||||||
(Millions) |
|
Gain on |
|
Environ- |
|
Restructuring |
|
Gain |
|
Total |
|
|||||
Cost of sales |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
64 |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
64 |
|
Selling, general and administrative expenses |
|
|
|
134 |
|
26 |
|
(52 |
) |
108 |
|
|||||
Research, development and related expenses |
|
|
|
|
|
(4 |
) |
|
|
(4 |
) |
|||||
Gain on sale of businesses |
|
(849 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(849 |
) |
|||||
Total operating income penalty (benefit) |
|
$ |
(849 |
) |
$ |
134 |
|
$ |
86 |
|
$ |
(52 |
) |
$ |
(681 |
) |
|
|
2006 Gain on Sale, Restructuring and Other Summary |
|
|||||||||||||||||||
(Millions) |
|
Gain on
sale |
|
Pharma- |
|
Overhead |
|
Business |
|
Total |
|
Other |
|
Total |
|
|||||||
Cost of sales |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
32 |
|
$ |
24 |
|
$ |
74 |
|
$ |
130 |
|
$ |
13 |
|
$ |
143 |
|
Selling, general and administrative expenses |
|
|
|
66 |
|
81 |
|
51 |
|
198 |
|
40 |
|
238 |
|
|||||||
Research, development and related expenses |
|
|
|
68 |
|
7 |
|
|
|
75 |
|
95 |
|
170 |
|
|||||||
Gain on sale of businesses |
|
(1,074 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,074 |
) |
|||||||
Total operating income penalty (benefit) |
|
$ |
(1,074 |
) |
$ |
166 |
|
$ |
112 |
|
$ |
125 |
|
$ |
403 |
|
$ |
148 |
|
$ |
(523 |
) |
Cost of Sales:
Cost of sales includes manufacturing, engineering and freight costs. Cost of sales as a percent of net sales increased 1.0 percentage point in 2007 compared to 2006, with this increase primarily due to the sale of the branded pharmaceuticals business, which had lower than average cost of sales. Raw material costs increased approximately 1% in 2007, compared with 2006. In 2007, restructuring and other exit costs increased cost of sales by $64 million, or 0.3 percentage points. These charges primarily related to the consolidation of certain flexible circuit manufacturing operations, the phase-out of operations at the Companys New Jersey roofing granule facility and charges related to the Companys decision to close an Electro and Communications facility in Wisconsin. In 2006, restructuring and other items increased cost of sales by $143 million, or 0.7 percentage points.
Cost of sales increased 1.9 percentage points in 2006. Approximately 1.2 percentage points of this increase related to numerous items, such as higher raw material costs, slightly lower selling prices, and higher costs associated with scaling up additional manufacturing capacity. In addition, there were supply chain inefficiencies caused by capacity-constraints. Finally, 3M accelerated the pace of acquisitions in 2006, which increased cost of sales slightly for the year. Broad-based sales volume growth and productivity gains helped offset some of this impact. Raw material costs increased approximately 3% for 2006, compared with 2005.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses:
Selling, general and administrative (SG&A) expenses as a percent of net sales decreased 1.6 percentage points in 2007 when compared to 2006, as expenses incurred in 2006 in the Companys now-divested global branded Pharmaceuticals business did not repeat in 2007. Non-pharmaceutical ongoing SG&A expenses, after adjusting for the following items, were up approximately 7% in dollars, reflecting the Companys continued investment in sales and marketing to support growth markets. In 2007, SG&A includes increases in environmental liabilities, restructuring charges and other exit activities, net of the gain on sale of real estate ($108 million combined net expense), which increased SG&A as a percent of sales by 0.4 percentage points. 2006 included restructuring actions and settlement costs of a previously disclosed antitrust class action ($238 million combined expense), which increased 2006 SG&A as a percent of sales by 1.0 percentage points. In dollars, SG&A decreased $51 million when comparing 2007 to 2006, with the change in restructuring and other items year-on-year decreasing SG&A by $130 million, pharmaceutical SG&A spending decreasing $241 million and other SG&A spending increasing $320 million, or approximately 7% in dollars. The Company continues to constrain administrative costs.
SG&A expenses as a percentage of net sales increased 0.2 of a percentage point in 2006 when compared to 2005. In dollars, SG&A increased $435 million, with restructuring and other items increasing SG&A by $238 million and other spending increasing SG&A by $197 million. 3M continues to invest in growth-oriented SG&A as sales and marketing costs increased faster than sales, while administrative expenses remained relatively flat in dollars, attributable to ongoing cost-control efforts.
16
Research, Development and Related Expenses:
Research, development and related expenses (R&D) as a percent of net sales decreased 1.0 percentage point in 2007 when compared to 2006, as expenses incurred in 2006 in the Companys now-divested R&D-intensive Pharmaceuticals business did not repeat in 2007. Non-pharmaceutical ongoing R&D expenses, after adjusting for the following items, were up approximately 11% in dollars, as the Company continued to aggressively invest in future technologies and growth opportunities. 2006 spending included a $95 million in-process research and development charge (discussed in Note 2) and $75 million in restructuring actions (Note 4), which increased 2006 R&D as a percent of sales by 0.7 percentage points. In dollars, R&D spending decreased $154 million when comparing 2007 to 2006, with the change in restructuring and other items year-on-year decreasing R&D by $174 million, 2006 pharmaceutical SG&A spending decreasing $120 million and other R&D spending increasing $140 million, or approximately 11% in dollars, reflecting 3Ms continuing commitment to fund future growth for the Company.
R&D increased as a percent of sales by 0.6 of a percentage point, or $248 million, when comparing 2006 to 2005. The 2006 spending included a $95 million in-process research and development charge (discussed in Note 2) and $75 million in restructuring actions (Note 4). Other spending increased approximately $78 million, representing an increase of approximately 6% compared with 2005.
Gain on Sale of Businesses:
In January 2007, 3M completed the sale of its global branded pharmaceuticals business in Europe to Meda AB. 3M received proceeds of $817 million for this transaction and recognized, net of assets sold, a pre-tax gain of $781 million in 2007 (recorded in the Health Care segment). In June 2007, 3M completed the sale of its Opticom Priority Control Systems and Canoga Traffic Detection businesses to TorQuest Partners Inc., a Toronto-based investment firm. 3M received proceeds of $80 million for this transaction and recognized, net of assets sold, transaction and other costs, a pre-tax gain of $68 million (recorded in the Display and Graphics segment) in 2007.
In December 2006, 3M completed the sale of its global branded pharmaceuticals businesses in the United States, Canada, and Latin America region and the Asia Pacific region, including Australia and South Africa. 3M received proceeds of $1.209 billion for these transactions and recognized a pre-tax gain on sale of $1.074 billion in 2006 (recorded in the Health Care segment). For more detail, refer to Note 2.
Operating Income:
3M uses operating income as one of its primary business segment performance measurement tools. Operating income margins over the past several years have been in excess of 22%, helped by solid sales growth and an ongoing strong commitment to maintaining operational discipline throughout 3Ms global operations. Operating income margins of 25.3% in 2007 were positively impacted by 2.8 percentage points ($681 million) from the gain on sale of businesses and real estate, net of environmental liabilities, restructuring and other exit activities. Operating income margins of 24.8% for 2006 were positively impacted by 2.2 percentage points ($523 million) from the gain on sale of portions of the pharmaceuticals business, net of restructuring and other actions. Adjusting for the preceding items, operating income margins in 2007 were similar to 2006.
Interest Expense and Income:
(Millions) |
|
2007 |
|
2006 |
|
2005 |
|
|||
Interest expense |
|
$ |
210 |
|
$ |
122 |
|
$ |
82 |
|
Interest income |
|
(132 |
) |
(51 |
) |
(56 |
) |
|||
Total |
|
$ |
78 |
|
$ |
71 |
|
$ |
26 |
|
Interest Expense: Interest expense increased year-on-year in both 2007 and 2006, primarily due to higher average debt balances and higher interest rates.
Interest Income: Interest income increased in 2007 due to higher average cash, cash equivalent and marketable securities balances and higher interest rates. Interest income was lower in 2006, with lower average cash, cash equivalent and marketable securities balances partially offset by higher interest rates.
17
Provision for Income Taxes:
(Percent of pre-tax income) |
|
2007 |
|
2006 |
|
2005 |
|
Effective tax rate |
|
32.1 |
% |
30.6 |
% |
33.7 |
% |
The effective tax rate for 2007 was 32.1%, compared with 30.6% in 2006. The Companys 2007 tax rate benefited from reduced international tax rates and an increased benefit for the domestic manufacturers deduction, but was penalized by the elimination of the foreign export sales benefit. The Companys 2006 tax rate included benefits from adjustments to its reserves for tax contingencies following the settlement of income tax audits. Refer to Note 8 for additional information.
The tax rate for 2006 was 30.6%, compared with 33.7% in 2005. As discussed above, the Companys 2006 tax rate included benefits from adjustments to its reserves for tax contingencies. In 2005, the Company repatriated approximately $1.7 billion of foreign earnings under the American Jobs Creation Act of 2004 (Jobs Act). The Jobs Act provided 3M the opportunity to tax-effectively repatriate foreign earnings for U.S. qualifying investments specified by 3Ms domestic reinvestment plan. As a consequence, in the second quarter of 2005, 3M recorded a tax expense of $75 million, net of available foreign tax credits, which negatively impacted the 2005 effective worldwide tax rate by 1.6%. No similar repatriation occurred in 2006 since this Jobs Act provision only applied to 2005.
Minority Interest:
(Millions) |
|
2007 |
|
2006 |
|
2005 |
|
|||
Minority interest |
|
$ |
55 |
|
$ |
51 |
|
$ |
55 |
|
Minority interest expense eliminates the income or loss attributable to non-3M ownership interests in 3M consolidated entities. 3Ms most significant consolidated entity with non-3M ownership interests is Sumitomo 3M Limited in Japan (3M owns 75% of Sumitomo 3M Limited).
Cumulative Effect of Accounting Change:
As of December 31, 2005, the Company adopted FASB Interpretation No. 47, Accounting for Conditional Asset Retirement Obligations (FIN 47). This accounting standard applies to the fair value of a liability for an asset retirement obligation associated with the retirement of tangible long-lived assets and where the liability can be reasonably estimated. Conditional asset retirement obligations exist for certain of the Companys long-term assets. The fair value of these obligations is recorded as liabilities on a discounted basis. Over time the liabilities are accreted for the change in the present value and the initial capitalized costs are depreciated over the useful lives of the related assets. The adoption of FIN 47 resulted in the recognition of an asset retirement obligation liability of $59 million at December 31, 2005 and an after-tax charge of $35 million for 2005, which was reflected as a cumulative change in accounting principle in the Consolidated Statement of Income. At December 31, 2007, the asset retirement obligation liability was $59 million.
Currency Effects:
3M estimates that year-on-year currency effects, including hedging impacts, increased net income by approximately $150 million in 2007, $20 million in 2006 and $115 million in 2005. This estimate includes the effect of translating profits from local currencies into U.S. dollars; the impact of currency fluctuations on the transfer of goods between 3M operations in the United States and abroad; and transaction gains and losses, including derivative instruments designed to reduce foreign currency exchange rate risks. 3M estimates that year-on-year derivative and other transaction gains and losses increased net income by approximately $10 million in 2007, had an immaterial impact on net income in 2006, and increased net income by approximately $50 million in 2005.
PERFORMANCE BY BUSINESS SEGMENT
Disclosures relating to 3Ms business segments are provided in Item 1, Business Segments. Financial information and other disclosures are provided in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements. As discussed in Note 16 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, effective in the first quarter of 2007, 3M made certain product moves between its business segments in its continuing effort to drive growth by aligning businesses around markets and customers. Segment information presented herein reflects the impact of these changes for all periods presented. The reportable segments are the Health Care segment, Industrial and Transportation segment, Display and Graphics segment, Consumer and Office segment, Safety, Security and Protection Services segment, and Electro and Communications segment. Information related to 3Ms business segments is presented in the tables that follow. Local-currency sales (which include both core and acquisition volume impacts, plus price impacts) are provided for each segment. The divestiture impact, translation impact and total sales change are also provided for each segment.
18
As discussed in Note 1, effective January 1, 2006, 3M adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123 (revised 2004), Share-Based Payment (SFAS No. 123R), which required 3M to expense stock-based compensation. The Company adopted SFAS No. 123R using the modified retrospective method. Effective January 1, 2006, all prior periods were revised to give effect to the fair-value-based method of accounting for awards granted in fiscal years beginning on or after January 1, 1995. For additional discussion, refer to Note 15. Stock-based compensation expense for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005 is summarized by business segment in the table that follows.
Stock-based compensation expense
|
|
Years ended |
|
|||||||
(Millions) |
|
2007 |
|
2006 |
|
2005 |
|
|||
Industrial and Transportation |
|
$ |
58 |
|
$ |
50 |
|
$ |
46 |
|
Health Care |
|
40 |
|
42 |
|
35 |
|
|||
Display and Graphics |
|
33 |
|
27 |
|
19 |
|
|||
Consumer and Office |
|
24 |
|
24 |
|
21 |
|
|||
Safety, Security and Protection Services |
|
23 |
|
21 |
|
16 |
|
|||
Electro and Communications |
|
21 |
|
21 |
|
18 |
|
|||
Corporate and Unallocated |
|
29 |
|
15 |
|
|
|
|||
Total Company |
|
$ |
228 |
|
$ |
200 |
|
$ |
155 |
|
As discussed in the preceding overview section, the combination of the 2007 gain on sale of businesses and real estate, net of environmental liability charges, restructuring and other exit activities benefited 2007 operating income by $681 million, or 2.8% of net sales. The 2006 gain on sale of businesses, net of restructuring and other items benefited 2006 operating income by $523 million, or 2.2% of net sales. The following tables summarize these items by business segment. In 2006, items included in the Other category of the table are acquired in-process research and development expenses ($95 million), settlement costs of a previously disclosed antitrust class action ($40 million), and environmental obligations related to the pharmaceuticals business ($13 million).
|
|
2007 Gain on Sale, Restructuring and Other Summary |
|
|||||||||||||
(Millions) |
|
Gain on |
|
Environ- |
|
Restructuring |
|
Gain on |
|
Total |
|
|||||
Industrial and Transportation |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
9 |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
9 |
|
Health Care: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
Gain on sale of pharmaceuticals business |
|
(781 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(781 |
) |
|||||
Restructuring actions and other |
|
|
|
|
|
(10 |
) |
|
|
(10 |
) |
|||||
Display and Graphics |
|
(68 |
) |
|
|
17 |
|
|
|
(51 |
) |
|||||
Consumer and Office |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
Safety, Security and Protection Services |
|
|
|
|
|
29 |
|
|
|
29 |
|
|||||
Electro and Communications |
|
|
|
|
|
41 |
|
|
|
41 |
|
|||||
Corporate and Unallocated |
|
|
|
134 |
|
|
|
(52 |
) |
82 |
|
|||||
Total operating income penalty (benefit) |
|
$ |
(849 |
) |
$ |
134 |
|
$ |
86 |
|
$ |
(52 |
) |
$ |
(681 |
) |
19
|
|
2006 Gain on Sale, Restructuring and Other Summary |
|
|||||||||||||||||||
(Millions) |
|
Gain on sale |
|
Pharma- |
|
Over- |
|
Busi- |
|
Total |
|
Other |
|
Total |
|
|||||||
Industrial and Transportation |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
15 |
|
$ |
15 |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
15 |
|
Health Care: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Gain on sale of pharmaceuticals business |
|
(1,074 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,074 |
) |
|||||||
Restructuring actions and other |
|
|
|
166 |
|
112 |
|
15 |
|
293 |
|
108 |
|
401 |
|
|||||||
Display and Graphics |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
39 |
|
39 |
|
|
|
39 |
|
|||||||
Consumer and Office |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Safety, Security and Protection Services |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10 |
|
10 |
|
|
|
10 |
|
|||||||
Electro and Communications |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
46 |
|
46 |
|
|
|
46 |
|
|||||||
Corporate and Unallocated |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
40 |
|
40 |
|
|||||||
Total operating income penalty (benefit) |
|
$ |
(1,074 |
) |
$ |
166 |
|
$ |
112 |
|
$ |
125 |
|
$ |
403 |
|
$ |
148 |
|
$ |
(523 |
) |
Industrial and Transportation Business (29.7% of consolidated sales):
|
|
2007 |
|
2006 |
|
2005 |
|
|||
Sales (millions) |
|
$ |
7,274 |
|
$ |
6,640 |
|
$ |
6,047 |
|
Sales change analysis: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
Local currency (volume and price) |
|
5.8 |
% |
9.0 |
% |
6.4 |
% |
|||
Translation |
|
3.8 |
|
0.8 |
|
1.2 |
|
|||
Total sales change |
|
9.6 |
% |
9.8 |
% |
7.6 |
% |
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
Operating income (millions) |
|
$ |
1,501 |
|
$ |
1,342 |
|
$ |
1,210 |
|
Percent change |
|
11.8 |
% |
11.0 |
% |
16.7 |
% |
|||
Percent of sales |
|
20.6 |
% |
20.2 |
% |
20.0 |
% |
The Industrial and Transportation segment serves a broad range of markets, such as appliance, paper and packaging, food and beverage, and automotive. Industrial and Transportation products include tapes, a wide variety of coated and non-woven abrasives, adhesives, specialty materials, filtration products, closures for disposable diapers, and components and products that are used in the manufacture, repair and maintenance of automotive, marine, aircraft and specialty vehicles. The August 2005 acquisition of CUNO added a comprehensive line of filtration products for the separation, clarification and purification of fluids and gases.
In 2007, local-currency sales increased 5.8%, including 1.8% growth from acquisitions. During the fourth quarter of 2007, this segment added four complementary gap-filling acquisitions, bringing total completed acquisitions for the year to seven. In combination with focused investments in research and development, these acquisitions will help strengthen the core tapes, adhesives and abrasives platforms for many years to come. Sales growth was broad-based, led by industrial adhesives and tapes, automotive aftermarket, abrasives and automotive OEM businesses. All geographic areas contributed positively to growth. Significant manufacturing investments were made in emerging economies such as India, China and Poland to simplify the supply chain and get closer to local customers. Good operational discipline helped deliver operating income growth of 11.8%, with operating income margins of 20.6%. Operating income included $9 million in restructuring and other exit activity expenses, primarily comprised of severance and related benefits.
In 2006, local-currency sales grew 9.0%, including 4.6% growth from acquisitions, primarily related to the August 2005 acquisition of CUNO. Since CUNO was acquired in early August 2005 and is thus considered part of organic growth effective in August 2006, the acquisition benefit reflected in 2006 only reflects the months from January 2006 through July 2006. The industrial adhesives and tapes business, along with the automotive aftermarket business, which sells products to body shops for vehicle repairs, led organic sales growth in 2006. 3M also posted good sales growth in its abrasives business and its energy and advanced materials business. Growth in the automotive OEM business was impacted by softness in the U.S. domestic automotive industry. Geographically, local-currency sales growth in dollars was strongest in the Asia Pacific and Europe areas. Operating income increased 11.0% to $1.342 billion in 2006.
20
Operating income included $15 million in restructuring expenses, primarily comprised of asset impairments and severance and related benefits, which negatively impacted operating income growth by 1.2%.
In March 2005, 3Ms automotive business completed the purchase of 19% of TI&M Beteiligungsgesellschaft mbH (TI&M) for approximately $55 million. TI&M is the parent company of I&T Innovation Technology Entwicklungs- und Holding Aktiengesellschaft (I&T), an Austrian maker of flat flexible cable and circuitry. Pursuant to a Shareholders Agreement, 3M marketed the firms flat flexible wiring systems for automotive interior applications to the global automotive market. I&T filed a petition for bankruptcy protection in August 2006. As part of its agreement to purchase the shares of TI&M, the Company was granted a put option, which gave the Company the right to sell back its entire ownership interest in TI&M to the other investors from whom 3M acquired its 19% interest. The put option became exercisable January 1, 2007. The Company exercised the put option and recovered approximately $25 million of its investment from one of the investors based in Belgium in February 2007. The other two TI&M investors have filed a bankruptcy petition in Austria. The Company is pursuing recovery of the balance of its investment both through the Austrian bankruptcy proceedings and pursuant to the terms of the Share Purchase Agreement. The Company believes collection of its remaining investment is probable and, as a result, no impairment reserve has been recorded.
Health Care Business (16.2% of consolidated sales):
|
|
2007 |
|
2006 |
|
2005 |
|
|||
Sales (millions) |
|
$ |
3,968 |
|
$ |
4,011 |
|
$ |
3,760 |
|
Sales change analysis: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
Local currency (volume and price) |
|
18.3 |
% |
6.0 |
% |
4.2 |
% |
|||
Divestitures |
|
(23.7 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|||
Translation |
|
4.3 |
|
0.7 |
|
0.4 |
|
|||
Total sales change |
|
(1.1 |
)% |
6.7 |
% |
4.6 |
% |
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
Operating income (millions) |
|
$ |
1,882 |
|
$ |
1,845 |
|
$ |
1,114 |
|
Percent change |
|
2.0 |
% |
65.6 |
% |
14.6 |
% |
|||
Percent of sales |
|
47.4 |
% |
46.0 |
% |
29.6 |
% |
The Health Care segment serves markets that include medical, clinics and hospitals, pharmaceuticals, dental and orthodontic practitioners, and health information systems. Products and services provided to these and other markets include medical and surgical supplies, skin health and infection prevention products, drug delivery systems, dental and orthodontic products, health information systems and microbiology solutions. As discussed in Note 2, the global branded pharmaceuticals business was sold in December 2006 and January 2007.
In 2007, Health Care sales were $3.968 billion. Local-currency growth was 18.3% (excluding divestitures), including 4.4 percentage points of growth from acquisitions and 4.5 percentage points of growth from supply agreements related to the sale of the global branded pharmaceuticals business. The sale of the pharmaceuticals business reduced Health Care sales growth by 23.7%. 3M provides disaggregated information on sales growth for Health Cares remaining businesses (without pharmaceuticals) further below.
The combination of the following items positively impacted total year 2007 Health Care operating income by $791 million. As discussed in Note 2, in January 2007 the Company sold its branded pharmaceuticals business in the Europe region. The operating income gain related to this sale, which is included in Health Care, totaled $781 million. In addition, as discussed in Note 4, a net operating income gain of $10 million was recorded in 2007, which primarily related to adjustments to restructuring costs incurred in the fourth quarter of 2006.
In 2006, Health Care sales were $4.011 billion. Organic local-currency growth was 5.3%, with acquisitions adding an additional 0.7% of growth. Local-currency growth was led by the medical supplies and dental businesses. 3Ms pharmaceutical business was approximately 19% of Health Care sales in 2006. Pharmaceutical local-currency sales declined 3.5% in 2006, while the remaining businesses 2006 local-currency sales growth increased 8.5%. Geographically, Health Cares local-currency sales growth was strongest in the United States, Europe and Asia Pacific areas. Operating income for 2006 was up 65.6%, impacted by the gain on sale of 3Ms branded pharmaceuticals business, restructuring impacts and other items as discussed in the following paragraph, which positively impacted operating income growth by 60.4%.
The combination of the following items positively impacted total year 2006 Health Care operating income by $673 million, primarily in the fourth quarter of 2006. As discussed in Note 2, in early December 2006, the Company sold its branded pharmaceuticals business in the Asia Pacific region, including Australia and South Africa. The Company also sold its branded pharmaceuticals business in the United States, Canada and Latin America in late December 2006. The
21
operating income gain related to this sale, which is included in Health Care, totaled $1.074 billion. In addition, as discussed in Note 4, the Health Care segment for the year 2006 included $293 million in restructuring costs, primarily employee-related severance and benefit costs. Of the $293 million, $166 million was related to the pharmaceuticals business and $15 million related to Health Care severance and other costs. In addition, $112 million of severance and benefit costs were recorded in the fourth quarter of 2006 related to worldwide staff overhead reduction actions taken to streamline the Companys cost structure in response to the sale of 3Ms branded pharmaceuticals business. Health Care also included $95 million of expensed in-process research and development costs related to the Brontes acquisition and $13 million in environmental reserves related to the pharmaceuticals business.
3M believes the following disaggregated information for 3M Health Cares remaining businesses (without pharmaceuticals) and for pharmaceuticals on a stand-alone basis provides useful information.
Health Care Business without Pharmaceuticals:
|
|
2007 |
|
2006 |
|
2005 |
|
|||
Sales (millions) |
|
$ |
3,968 |
|
$ |
3,237 |
|
$ |
2,963 |
|
Sales change analysis: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
Local currency (volume and price) |
|
18.3 |
% |
8.5 |
% |
5.3 |
% |
|||
Translation |
|
4.3 |
|
0.7 |
|
0.4 |
|
|||
Total sales change |
|
22.6 |
% |
9.2 |
% |
5.7 |
% |
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
Operating income (millions) |
|
$ |
1,086 |
|
$ |
806 |
|
$ |
888 |
|
Percent change |
|
34.6 |
% |
(9.1 |
)% |
14.0 |
% |
|||
Percent of sales |
|
27.4 |
% |
24.9 |
% |
30.0 |
% |
The following discussion provides information on 3M Health Cares remaining businesses (without pharmaceuticals).
In 2007, sales growth was broad-based across all platforms, led by infection prevention solutions and skin and wound care therapy products in medical, HFA-based components (non-CFC) for drug inhalers in drug delivery, and healthcare funding and performance management solutions for the hospital market in health information systems. Geographically, Health Care (without pharmaceuticals) achieved strong growth rates in all major regions, led by Europe, the United States, and the combined Latin America and Canada area. Local-currency sales increased 18.3%, with acquisitions contributing 4.4 percentage points of this growth. Much of the acquisition growth came from two deals that closed in late 2006 Biotrace International, PLC, a U.K.-based provider of microbiology products, and SoftMed, a Maryland-based provider of health information software solutions. Health Care also closed five complementary acquisitions in 2007 to strengthen the portfolio and accelerate growth into the future in the medical, oral care and health information systems businesses. Sales growth also included 4.5 percentage points of growth due to supply agreements related to the sale of the global branded pharmaceuticals business. Operating income increased 34.6%, with an operating income margin of 27.4%. Operating income for 2007 included $5 million in restructuring expenses, primarily severance and related benefits.
In 2006, sales were $3.237 billion. Organic local-currency growth was 7.4%, with acquisitions adding an additional 1.1% of growth. Local-currency growth was led by the medical supplies and dental businesses. Geographically, local-currency sales growth was strongest in the United States, Europe and Asia Pacific areas. Operating income for 2006 included $95 million of expensed in-process research and development costs related to the Brontes acquisition and also included business-specific restructuring actions that totaled $15 million, primarily comprised of severance and related benefits plus asset impairments. Including this combined operating income penalty of $110 million, or 12.4 percentage point negative impact on operating income growth, 2006 operating income decreased 9.1%.
22
Pharmaceuticals Business:
|
|
2007 |
|
2006 |
|
2005 |
|
|||
Sales (millions) |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
774 |
|
$ |
797 |
|
Sales change analysis: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
Local currency (volume and price) |
|
N/A |
|
(3.5 |
)% |
0.3 |
% |
|||
Translation |
|
N/A |
|
0.6 |
|
0.3 |
|
|||
Total sales change |
|
N/A |
|
(2.9 |
)% |
0.6 |
% |
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
Operating income (millions) |
|
$ |
796 |
|
$ |
1,039 |
|
$ |
226 |
|
Percent change |
|
N/A |
|
N/A |
|
16.6 |
% |
|||
Percent of sales |
|
N/A |
|
N/A |
|
28.4 |
% |
The combination of the following items positively impacted total year 2007 pharmaceuticals operating income by $796 million. As discussed in Note 2, in January 2007 the Company sold its branded pharmaceuticals business in the Europe region. The operating income gain related to this sale totaled $781 million. In addition, as discussed in Note 4, a net operating income gain of $15 million was recorded in 2007, which primarily related to adjustments to restructuring costs incurred in the fourth quarter of 2006. Drug Delivery Systems Division (part of Health Care without Pharmaceuticals) is a source of supply to the acquiring companies and records sales and operating income related to the pharmaceuticals supply agreements.
In total, the combination of the following items positively impacted total year 2006 pharmaceuticals operating income by $783 million, primarily in the fourth quarter of 2006. As discussed in Note 2, in early December 2006, the Company sold its branded pharmaceuticals business in the Asia Pacific region, including Australia and South Africa. The Company also sold its branded pharmaceuticals business in the United States, Canada and Latin America in late December 2006. The operating income gain related to these transactions totaled $1.074 billion. As discussed in Note 4, $112 million of severance and benefit costs were recorded in the fourth quarter of 2006 related to worldwide staff overhead reduction actions taken to streamline the Companys cost structure in response to the sale of 3Ms branded pharmaceuticals business. As also discussed in Note 4, the pharmaceuticals business for total year 2006 included $97 million in employee-related severance and benefits and $69 million of asset impairments and other expenses. In addition, an environmental reserve of $13 million was recognized related to the pharmaceuticals business.
Display and Graphics Business (15.9% of consolidated sales):
|
|
2007 |
|
2006 |
|
2005 |
|
|||
Sales (millions) |
|
$ |
3,892 |
|
$ |
3,770 |
|
$ |
3,547 |
|
Sales change analysis: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
Local currency (volume and price) |
|
1.8 |
% |
6.0 |
% |
4.6 |
% |
|||
Divestitures |
|
(0.4 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|||
Translation |
|
1.8 |
|
0.3 |
|
0.2 |
|
|||
Total sales change |
|
3.2 |
% |
6.3 |
% |
4.8 |
% |
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
Operating income (millions) |
|
$ |
1,174 |
|
$ |
1,044 |
|
$ |
1,148 |
|
Percent change |
|
12.4 |
% |
(9.0 |
)% |
2.9 |
% |
|||
Percent of sales |
|
30.2 |
% |
27.7 |
% |
32.4 |
% |
The Display and Graphics segment serves markets that include electronic display, touch screen, traffic safety and commercial graphics. This segment includes optical film and lens solutions for electronic displays; touch screens and touch monitors; computer screen filters; reflective sheeting for transportation safety; and commercial graphics systems. The optical film business provides films that serve numerous market segments of the electronic display industry. 3M provides distinct products for five market segments, including products for: 1) LCD computer monitors 2) LCD televisions 3) handheld devices such as cellular phones 4) notebook PCs and 5) automotive displays. The optical business includes a number of different products that are protected by various patents and groups of patents. The remaining lifetimes of such patents, as well as patents protecting future products, range from less than a few years to more than 10 years. These patents provide varying measures of exclusivity to 3M for a number of such products. 3Ms proprietary manufacturing technology and know-how also provide a competitive advantage to 3M with respect to some of these products.
23
In 2007, Display and Graphics local-currency sales increased 1.8%, excluding the impact of the Opticom/Canoga business sale. The Company recorded positive sales growth in all major businesses commercial graphics, traffic safety systems and optical systems. Throughout the year, commercial graphics saw strong performance in the vehicle wrapping market where 3M provides films, inks and other products for this rolling billboard industry. The traffic safety systems business also experienced growth for the year, with faster growth internationally as the 3M reflective solutions for highway construction projects are a perfect match in developing economies that are adding infrastructure. In June 2007, 3M completed the sale of its Opticom Priority Control Systems and Canoga Traffic Detection businesses. 3M received proceeds of $80 million from this transaction and recognized an operating income gain of $68 million in the Display and Graphics segment in the second quarter of 2007. In addition, Display and Graphics recorded restructuring and other exit activity expenses of $17 million in 2007. Operating income in 2007 was $1.174 billion, including this aggregate net operating income benefit of $51 million, which contributed 1.3 percentage points of the 30.2% operating income margin. Operating income in 2006 (as discussed below) included $39 million in restructuring expenses. These year-on-year impacts contributed 8.7 percentage points of the reported 12.4% operating income growth.
Optical systems continues to focus on market segmentation, with strong penetration in handhelds, computer displays and LCD televisions. 3M continues to experience attachment rate pressure in LCD desktop monitors and LCD TV segments, although in the fourth quarter of 2007 3M saw a mix-shift back to 1080p LCD TVs from 720p, which impacts 3M business as 3M films are used more heavily in the 1080p sets. 3M believes over the long term that 1080p LCD TVs will gain an increasing share of the overall LCD TV market. While 3M remains optimistic about the longer-term prospects for the optical film business, continuing price and attachment rate pressure is expected in 2008. Due to this pressure, 3M expects Display and Graphics operating income margins in 2008 to decline a few percentage points when compared to 2007 (excluding the net operating income benefit of 1.3 percentage points in 2007 discussed in the preceding paragraph). 3Ms continued investment in this business has led to a solid stream of new products. 3Ms brightness enhancement films provide an environmental solution through reduced energy consumption an increasingly important requirement from both retail customers and government units. 3M has made significant sustainable factory improvements by relentlessly reducing costs and by adding needed capacity to secure future growth.
In 2006, the Display and Graphics business posted local-currency sales growth of 6.0%. Optical film sales volumes increased at double-digit rates in 2006. 3M saw an acceleration in the LCD industry due to strong consumer demand for LCD TVs, which drove record sales of 3Ms proprietary optical films, despite ongoing downward pricing pressure in these consumer electronic applications. Commercial Graphics, a supplier of large-format graphics solutions that cut across a range of industries, delivered strong double-digit local-currency growth in 2006. Traffic Safety Systems also posted solid local-currency growth. Operating income declined by 9.0%. Operating income included $39 million in restructuring expenses, primarily comprised of asset impairments and severance and related benefits, which negatively impacted operating income growth by 3.4%. These asset impairments relate to decisions the Company made in the fourth quarter of 2006 to exit certain marginal product lines in the Touch Systems and Optical Systems businesses. In optical film, selling price declines, the sales mix shift towards larger LCD displays, and operational challenges related to the Companys new optical film manufacturing production line penalized operating income in 2006.
Consumer and Office Business (13.9% of consolidated sales):
|
|
2007 |
|
2006 |
|
2005 |
|
|||
Sales (millions) |
|
$ |
3,403 |
|
$ |
3,164 |
|
$ |
2,926 |
|
Sales change analysis: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
Local currency (volume and price) |
|
5.0 |
% |
7.4 |
% |
6.1 |
% |
|||
Translation |
|
2.6 |
|
0.7 |
|
1.0 |
|
|||
Total sales change |
|
7.6 |
% |
8.1 |
% |
7.1 |
% |
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
Operating income (millions) |
|
$ |
688 |
|
$ |
629 |
|
$ |
609 |
|
Percent change |
|
9.3 |
% |
3.4 |
% |
9.4 |
% |
|||
Percent of sales |
|
20.2 |
% |
19.9 |
% |
20.8 |
% |
The Consumer and Office segment serves markets that include consumer retail, office retail, home improvement, building maintenance and other markets. Products in this segment include office supply products, stationery products, construction and home improvement products, home care products, protective material products and consumer health care products.
In 2007, Consumer and Office experienced broad-based local-currency sales growth of 5.0%, led by the construction and home improvement and home cleaning businesses. In construction and home improvement, products such as Scotch Blue Painters Tape, Filtrete home furnace filters and Command mounting and fastening products, helped drive results. Geographically, international growth is gaining traction, while a slowdown in the United States was driven by soft
24
overall U.S. retail sales and a soft residential housing environment. Approximately 60% of global sales for this segment are in the United States. Operating income increased 9.3% and now exceeds 20% of sales.
In 2006, Consumer and Office local-currency sales growth of 7.4% was broad-based across the portfolio, led by the construction and home improvement division, which serves the do-it-yourself retail channel. 3M also posted very good sales growth in the mass retail channel and continued to penetrate large key accounts, primarily in the United States, with an array of unique, highly functional products featuring customer-inspired designs. Operating income was $629 million, up 3.4% year on year. 3M experienced slower sales growth in the construction and home improvement market in the fourth quarter of 2006, impacted by a housing slowdown in the United States.
Safety, Security and Protection Services Business (12.6% of consolidated sales):
|
|
2007 |
|
2006 |
|
2005 |
|
|||
Sales (millions) |
|
$ |
3,070 |
|
$ |
2,663 |
|
$ |
2,320 |
|
Sales change analysis: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
Local currency (volume and price) |
|
10.8 |
% |
13.7 |
% |
6.8 |
% |
|||
Translation |
|
4.5 |
|
1.1 |
|
1.0 |
|
|||
Total sales change |
|
15.3 |
% |
14.8 |
% |
7.8 |
% |
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
Operating income (millions) |
|
$ |
611 |
|
$ |
549 |
|
$ |
513 |
|
Percent change |
|
11.3 |
% |
7.1 |
% |
14.3 |
% |
|||
Percent of sales |
|
19.9 |
% |
20.6 |
% |
22.1 |
% |
The Safety, Security and Protection Services segment serves a broad range of markets that increase the safety, security and productivity of workers, facilities and systems. Major product offerings include personal protection products, safety and security products, energy control products, cleaning and protection products for commercial establishments, roofing granules for asphalt shingles, and supply chain execution software solutions. In August 2006, 3M completed the acquisition of Security Printing and Systems Limited, a producer of finished, personalized passports and secure cards, which expands the 3M product line related to border and civil security solutions. 3Ms new emerging business opportunity in its Track and Trace initiative within 3Ms Safety, Security and Protection Services segment resulted in the merging of a number of formerly separate efforts into one concerted effort for future growth. Track and Trace has a growing array of applications from tracking packages to managing medical and legal records.
In 2007, local-currency sales in the Safety, Security and Protection Services segment were up 10.8%. Acquisitions contributed 7.4 percentage points of this growth, including a carry-over benefit from the August 2006 acquisition of Security Printing and Systems Limited. In addition, during 2007 3M closed two small, but strategic, gap-filling acquisitions. These included E. Wood, a U.K.-based provider of corrosion protection products and Rochford Thompson, a manufacturer of optical character recognition passport readers used by airlines and immigration authorities. Sales growth was led by the respiratory protection business, followed by the security systems, corrosion protection and building and commercial services businesses. 2007 sales growth was held back by market softness in the U.S. residential construction market, which negatively impacted the roofing granules business. The decline in the roofing granules business reduced Safety, Security and Protection Services 2007 sales growth by approximately 1.5%. Geographically, sales growth was led by Europe and the combined Latin America and Canada area. This segment recorded a restructuring charge of $29 million in the second quarter of 2007 related to the phase-out of operations at its New Jersey roofing granule facility. This included fixed asset impairments and employee-related restructuring liabilities. Including this charge, operating income margins were approximately 20% for total year 2007.
In 2006, local-currency sales in the Safety, Security and Protection Services business were up 13.7%. Growth in the business was driven by strong global demand for personal safety products, especially respiratory protection. Acquisitions contributed 4.1% of growth, primarily due to the Security Printing and Systems Limited acquisition in August 2006. 3M continued to invest in additional respirator capacity, such as a new respirator manufacturing facility in Korea, which will serve the Asia Pacific region. 3M also posted outstanding growth in corrosion protection, a smaller but growing business, which supplies coatings for all types of commercial and industrial applications in a variety of industries. 3Ms roofing granules business experienced a challenging fourth quarter, with a sales decline of nearly 50%, resulting in sales in this business declining nearly 10% when comparing total year 2006 with 2005. Geographically, local-currency growth was positive across all regions of the world, led by Europe and the United States. Operating income increased 7.1% to $549 million in 2006. Operating income includes $10 million in restructuring expenses, primarily severance and related benefits, which negatively impacted operating income growth by 1.9%.
25
Electro and Communications Business (11.3% of consolidated sales):
|
|
2007 |
|
2006 |
|
2005 |
|
|||
Sales (millions) |
|
$ |
2,775 |
|
$ |
2,631 |
|
$ |
2,509 |
|
Sales change analysis: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
Local currency (volume and price) |
|
2.3 |
% |
4.0 |
% |
1.5 |
% |
|||
Translation |
|
3.2 |
|
0.8 |
|
0.7 |
|
|||
Total sales change |
|
5.5 |
% |
4.8 |
% |
2.2 |
% |
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
Operating income (millions) |
|
$ |
481 |
|
$ |
411 |
|
$ |
422 |
|
Percent change |
|
17.0 |
% |
(2.6 |
)% |
40.7 |
% |
|||
Percent of sales |
|
17.3 |
% |
15.6 |
% |
16.8 |
% |
The Electro and Communications segment serves the electrical, electronics and communications industries, including electrical utilities; electrical construction, maintenance and repair; OEM electrical and electronics; computers and peripherals; consumer electronics; telecommunications central office, outside plant and enterprise; as well as aerospace, military, automotive and medical markets; with products that enable the efficient transmission of electrical power and speed the delivery of information and ideas. Products include electronic and interconnect solutions, micro interconnect systems, high-performance fluids, high-temperature and display tapes, telecommunications products, electrical products, and visual systems products.
In 2007, the Electro and Communications segment local-currency sales increased 2.3%, including 1.5 percentage points from acquisitions. Strong sales growth in the communications and electrical markets businesses was partially offset by the flexible circuits business, which supplies components primarily to the ink jet printer market. This business continues to penalize segment results as the ink jet market has become commoditized and as a number of applications go end-of-life. Softness in this business held back overall Electro and Communications sales and operating income growth by 2.5 percent and 9.3 percent, respectively. Operating income increased 17% as this segment has driven productivity improvements and taken actions to improve its competitiveness. Operating income in 2007 was penalized by a $23 million charge related to consolidating its global flexible circuits manufacturing operations and $18 million in restructuring expenses, primarily for asset impairment charges related to the Companys decision to close a facility in Wisconsin. Combined, these two items negatively impacted 2007 operating income by $41 million and operating income margins by 1.5 percentage points.
In 2006, the Electro and Communications business organic local-currency growth of 2.7% was attributable to the electrical and electronics markets. Acquisitions contributed 1.3 percentage points to sales growth. 3M generated good top-line growth in its electrical markets division, which sells a number of insulating, testing and connecting products and solutions to both power utilities and manufacturing OEMs. 3M saw good growth from its electronics markets business, driven by double-digit growth in its semi-conductor and assemblies business. Partially offsetting this was some sales softness in 3Ms U.S. communications markets business due to higher copper costs and a decline in 3Ms visual systems business, which traditionally offered analog overhead and electronic projectors and film. Operating income declined by 2.6% to $411 million. Operating income included $46 million in restructuring expenses, primarily comprised of asset impairments and severance and related benefits, which negatively impacted operating income growth by 10.9%. Operating margins were impacted by rising raw material costs, specifically copper costs, in 3Ms electrical and telecommunications markets businesses.
26
PERFORMANCE BY GEOGRAPHIC AREA
Financial information related to 3M operations in various geographic areas is provided in Note 17. Operating income results by geographic area were significantly impacted by the gain on sale businesses and other items as discussed in Note A at the end of the preceding overview section. A summary of key information and discussion related to 3Ms geographic areas follow:
Geographic Area |
|
2007 |
|
2007 vs. 2006 % Change |
|
||||||||||||||
Net Sales and |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
|
||
Operating Income |
|
|
|
% of |
|
Oper. |
|
Local |
|
Divesti- |
|
Trans- |
|
Sales |
|
Oper. |
|
||
(Dollars in millions) |
|
Sales |
|
Total |
|
Income |
|
Currency |
|
tures |
|
lation |
|
Change |
|
Income |
|
||
United States |
|
$ |
8,987 |
|
36.7 |
% |
$ |
1,692 |
|
5.7 |
% |
(4.2 |
)% |
|
|
1.5 |
% |
(11.3 |
)% |
Asia Pacific |
|
6,601 |
|
27.0 |
% |
2,136 |
|
4.9 |
% |
(1.3 |
)% |
2.0 |
% |
5.6 |
% |
1.8 |
% |
||
Europe, Middle East and Africa |
|
6,503 |
|
26.6 |
% |
1,705 |
|
11.7 |
% |
(6.6 |
)% |
8.5 |
% |
13.6 |
% |
56.1 |
% |
||
Latin America and Canada |
|
2,365 |
|
9.7 |
% |
665 |
|
10.6 |
% |
(2.8 |
)% |
5.9 |
% |
13.7 |
% |
5.8 |
% |
||
Other Unallocated |
|
6 |
|
|
|
(5 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Total Company |
|
$ |
24,462 |
|
100 |
% |
$ |
6,193 |
|
7.3 |
% |
(3.8 |
)% |
3.2 |
% |
6.7 |
% |
8.7 |
% |
While 3M manages its businesses globally and believes its business segment results are the most relevant measure of performance, the Company also utilizes geographic area data as a secondary performance measure. Export sales are reported within the geographic area where the final sales to 3M customers are made. A portion of the products or components sold by 3Ms operations to its customers are exported by these customers to different geographic areas. As customers move their operations from one geographic area to another, 3Ms results will follow. Thus, net sales in a particular geographic area are not indicative of end-user consumption in that geographic area.
U.S. local-currency sales increased 5.7%, with acquisitions contributing 3.1 percentage points. U.S. local-currency sales growth was led by Health Care (without Pharmaceuticals) and Industrial and Transportation, which was partially offset by softness in the electronic solutions business and weakness in a few businesses that are impacted by the slowdown in the U.S. housing, road construction and mass retail markets, primarily roofing granules, protective materials, traffic safety and office supply businesses. Asia Pacific local-currency sales increased 4.9%, with all six business segments contributing to this increase. Sales in Japan totaled approximately $2 billion, with local-currency sales up 2% from 2006. European local-currency sales increased 11.7%, with good growth across all segments, especially Safety, Security and Protection Services and Health Care (without Pharmaceuticals). In the combined Latin America and Canada area, local-currency sales increases of 10.6% were led by Industrial and Transportation; Safety, Security and Protection Services; and Health Care (without Pharmaceuticals). Foreign currency translation positively impacted European area sales by 8.5%, the combined Latin America and Canada area sales by 5.9%, and the Asia Pacific area by 2%, as the U.S. dollar weakened against these currencies. For 2007, international operations represented approximately 63% of 3Ms sales.
Since 3M sold its global branded pharmaceuticals business in December 2006 and January 2007, both sales growth and operating income were negatively impacted when comparing 2007 to 2006. Sales in 2006 for pharmaceuticals totaled $332 million in the United States, $315 million in the Europe, Middle East and Africa area, $77 million in the Asia Pacific area, and $50 million in the Latin America and Canada area. In 2007, the gain on sale of businesses and a gain on sale of real estate, net of restructuring and other items, increased worldwide operating income by $681 million, with the largest impact in the Europe, Middle East and Africa area. In 2006, the gain on sale, restructuring and other items increased worldwide operating income by $523 million, with the largest impact in the United States. These items are discussed in more detail in the preceding overview section.
27
Geographic Area Supplemental Information
(Millions, except |
|
Employees as of |
|
Capital |
|
Property, Plant and |
|
||||||||||||||||||
Employees) |
|
December 31, |
|
Spending |
|
Equipment net |
|
||||||||||||||||||
|
|
2007 |
|
2006 |
|
2005 |
|
2007 |
|
2006 |
|
2005 |
|
2007 |
|
2006 |
|
2005 |
|
||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
United States |
|
34,138 |
|
34,553 |
|
33,033 |
|
$ |
841 |
|
$ |
692 |
|
$ |
532 |
|
$ |
3,668 |
|
$ |
3,382 |
|
$ |
3,291 |
|
Asia Pacific |
|
12,970 |
|
12,487 |
|
11,574 |
|
299 |
|
252 |
|
228 |
|
1,116 |
|
959 |
|
865 |
|
||||||
Europe, Middle East and Africa |
|
17,675 |
|
17,416 |
|
16,722 |
|