UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND
EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark one) |
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x |
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QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
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For the Quarterly Period Ended September 30, 2007 |
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OR |
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o |
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TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
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For the transition period from to
Commission File Number 001-15839
ACTIVISION, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware |
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95-4803544 |
(State or other jurisdiction of |
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(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
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3100 Ocean Park Boulevard, Santa Monica, CA |
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90405 |
(Address of principal executive offices) |
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(Zip Code) |
(310) 255-2000
(Registrants telephone number, including area code)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of accelerated filer and large accelerated filer in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large Accelerated Filer x Accelerated Filer o Non-accelerated filer o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes o No x
The number of shares of the registrants Common Stock outstanding as of November 1, 2007 was 291,310,208.
ACTIVISION, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
INDEX
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Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2007 (Unaudited) and March 31, 2007 |
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Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations |
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CERTIFICATIONS |
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2
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains, or incorporates by reference, certain forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Such statements include, but are not limited to, (1) projections of revenues, expenses, income or loss, earnings or loss per share, cash flow projections or other financial items; (2) statements of our plans and objectives, including those relating to product releases; (3) statements of future economic performance; and (4) statements of assumptions underlying such statements. We generally use words such as anticipate, believe, could, estimate, expect, forecast, future, intend, may, outlook, plan, positioned, potential, project,remain, scheduled, set to, subject to, to be, upcoming, will and other similar expressions to help identify forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are subject to business and economic risk, reflect managements current expectations, estimates and projections about our business, and are inherently uncertain and difficult to predict. Our actual results could differ materially. The forward-looking statements contained herein speak only as of the date on which they were made, and we disclaim any obligation to update any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this Quarterly Report. Risks and uncertainties that may affect our future results include, but are not limited to, those discussed under the heading Risk Factors, included in Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007. All references to we, us, our, Activision or the Company in the following discussion and analysis mean Activision, Inc. and its subsidiaries.
3
ACTIVISION, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
(In thousands, except share data)
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September 30, |
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March 31, |
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Assets |
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Current assets: |
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Cash and cash equivalents |
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$ |
392,529 |
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$ |
384,409 |
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Short-term investments |
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569,231 |
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570,440 |
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Accounts receivable, net of allowances of $106,619 and $91,418 at September 30, 2007 and March 31, 2007, respectively |
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109,725 |
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148,694 |
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Inventories |
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189,033 |
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91,231 |
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Software development |
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104,236 |
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107,779 |
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Intellectual property licenses |
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10,645 |
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27,784 |
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Deferred income taxes |
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60,032 |
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51,564 |
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Other current assets |
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31,453 |
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19,332 |
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Total current assets |
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1,466,884 |
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1,401,233 |
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Software development |
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40,433 |
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23,143 |
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Intellectual property licenses |
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71,145 |
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72,490 |
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Property and equipment, net |
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53,500 |
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46,540 |
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Deferred income taxes |
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38,252 |
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48,791 |
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Other assets |
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10,738 |
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6,376 |
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Goodwill |
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280,248 |
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195,374 |
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Total assets |
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$ |
1,961,200 |
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$ |
1,793,947 |
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Liabilities and Shareholders Equity |
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Current liabilities: |
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Accounts payable |
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$ |
158,059 |
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$ |
136,517 |
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Accrued expenses and other liabilities |
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255,266 |
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204,652 |
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Total current liabilities |
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413,325 |
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341,169 |
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Other liabilities |
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18,325 |
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41,246 |
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Total liabilities |
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431,650 |
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382,415 |
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Commitments and contingencies (Note 12) |
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Shareholders equity: |
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Preferred stock, $.000001 par value, 3,750,000 shares authorized, no shares issued at September 30, 2007 and March 31, 2007 |
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Series A Junior Preferred stock, $.000001 par value, 1,250,000 shares authorized, no shares issued at September 30, 2007 and March 31, 2007 |
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Common stock, $.000001 par value, 450,000,000 shares authorized, 289,072,399 and 283,310,734 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2007 and March 31, 2007, respectively |
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Additional paid-in capital |
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1,045,891 |
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963,553 |
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Retained earnings |
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456,301 |
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427,777 |
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Accumulated other comprehensive income |
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27,358 |
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20,202 |
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Total shareholders equity |
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1,529,550 |
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1,411,532 |
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Total liabilities and shareholders equity |
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$ |
1,961,200 |
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$ |
1,793,947 |
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The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
4
ACTIVISION, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(Unaudited)
(In thousands, except per share data)
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For the three months ended |
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For the six months ended |
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2007 |
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2006 |
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2007 |
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2006 |
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Net revenues |
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$ |
317,746 |
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$ |
188,172 |
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$ |
813,201 |
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$ |
376,241 |
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Costs and expenses: |
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Cost of sales product costs |
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151,996 |
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127,374 |
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369,225 |
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235,997 |
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Cost of sales software royalties and amortization |
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38,427 |
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9,348 |
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116,679 |
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28,609 |
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Cost of sales intellectual property licenses |
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14,533 |
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4,356 |
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47,012 |
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14,272 |
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Product development |
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33,085 |
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25,608 |
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65,982 |
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51,233 |
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Sales and marketing |
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51,868 |
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32,550 |
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120,580 |
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68,729 |
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General and administrative |
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37,382 |
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26,346 |
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73,176 |
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48,260 |
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Total costs and expenses |
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327,291 |
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225,582 |
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792,654 |
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447,100 |
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Operating income (loss) |
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(9,545 |
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(37,410 |
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20,547 |
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(70,859 |
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Investment income, net |
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12,132 |
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8,032 |
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23,694 |
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16,307 |
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Income (loss) before income tax provision (benefit) |
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2,587 |
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(29,378 |
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44,241 |
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(54,552 |
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Income tax provision (benefit) |
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1,889 |
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(5,076 |
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15,717 |
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(11,941 |
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Net income (loss) |
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$ |
698 |
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$ |
(24,302 |
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$ |
28,524 |
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(42,611 |
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Basic earnings (loss) per share |
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$ |
0.00 |
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$ |
(0.09 |
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$ |
0.10 |
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$ |
(0.15 |
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Weighted average common shares outstanding |
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287,315 |
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280,627 |
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285,450 |
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279,487 |
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Diluted earnings (loss) per share |
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$ |
0.00 |
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$ |
(0.09 |
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$ |
0.09 |
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$ |
(0.15 |
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Weighted average common shares outstanding assuming dilution |
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313,263 |
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280,627 |
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312,510 |
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279,487 |
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The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
5
ACTIVISION, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited)
(In thousands)
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For the six months ended |
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2007 |
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2006 |
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Cash flows from operating activities: |
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Net income (loss) |
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$ |
28,524 |
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$ |
(42,611 |
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Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities: |
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Deferred income taxes |
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(1,327 |
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(70,149 |
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Realized gain on short-term investments |
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(2 |
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Depreciation and amortization |
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15,885 |
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8,519 |
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Loss on disposal of property and equipment |
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987 |
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Amortization and write-offs of capitalized software development costs and intellectual property licenses (1) |
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99,560 |
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26,283 |
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Stock-based compensation expense (2) |
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15,029 |
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10,740 |
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Tax benefit of stock options and warrants exercised |
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9,199 |
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5,888 |
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Excess tax benefits from stock option exercises |
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(8,141 |
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(4,405 |
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Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |
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Accounts receivable |
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41,784 |
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(57,194 |
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Inventories |
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(97,802 |
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(5,956 |
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Software development and intellectual property licenses |
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(88,775 |
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(84,630 |
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Other assets |
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(10,219 |
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1,377 |
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Accounts payable |
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21,666 |
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(11,984 |
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Accrued expenses and other liabilities |
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20,029 |
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54,853 |
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Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities |
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46,399 |
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(169,271 |
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Cash flows from investing activities: |
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Capital expenditures |
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(15,253 |
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(7,540 |
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Proceeds from disposal of property and equipment |
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135 |
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Cash payment to effect business combinations, net of cash acquired |
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(68,875 |
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(30,545 |
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Increase in restricted cash |
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(33,413 |
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(12,500 |
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Purchases of short-term investments |
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(378,727 |
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(147,278 |
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Proceeds from sales and maturities of short-term investments |
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414,233 |
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180,993 |
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Net cash used in investing activities |
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(81,900 |
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(16,870 |
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Cash flows from financing activities: |
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Proceeds from issuance of common stock to employees |
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30,262 |
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11,922 |
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Excess tax benefit from stock option exercises |
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8,141 |
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4,405 |
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Net cash provided by financing activities |
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38,403 |
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16,327 |
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Effect of exchange rate changes on cash |
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5,218 |
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5,204 |
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Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents |
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8,120 |
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(164,610 |
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Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period |
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384,409 |
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354,331 |
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Cash and cash equivalents at end of period |
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$ |
392,529 |
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$ |
189,721 |
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(1) Excludes amortization of stock-based compensation expense.
(2) Includes the net effects of capitalization and amortization of stock-based compensation expense.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
6
ACTIVISION, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS EQUITY
For
the Six Months ended September 30, 2007
(Unaudited)
(In thousands)
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Common Stock |
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Additional |
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Retained |
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Accumulated |
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Shareholders |
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Shares |
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Amount |
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Capital |
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Earnings |
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Income |
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Equity |
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Balance, March 31, 2007 |
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283,311 |
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$ |
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$ |
963,553 |
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$ |
427,777 |
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$ |
20,202 |
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$ |
1,411,532 |
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Components of comprehensive income: |
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Net income |
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28,524 |
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28,524 |
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Unrealized appreciation on short-term investments, net of taxes |
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543 |
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543 |
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Foreign currency translation adjustment |
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6,613 |
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6,613 |
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Total comprehensive income |
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35,680 |
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Issuance of common stock pursuant to employee stock options, employee stock purchase plans and employee bonuses |
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4,473 |
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32,119 |
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32,119 |
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Issuance of common stock to effect business combination (see Note 4) |
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1,288 |
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24,039 |
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24,039 |
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Stock based compensation expense related to employee stock options, restricted stock rights, and employee stock purchase plans |
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20,044 |
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20,044 |
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Tax benefit associated with options and warrants |
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9,199 |
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9,199 |
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Employee tender offer (see Note 13) |
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(3,063 |
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(3,063 |
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Balance, September 30, 2007 |
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289,072 |
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$ |
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$ |
1,045,891 |
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$ |
456,301 |
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$ |
27,358 |
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$ |
1,529,550 |
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The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
7
ACTIVISION, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of Activision, Inc. and its subsidiaries (Activision or we). The information furnished is unaudited and the adjustments included consist of only normal recurring adjustments that, in the opinion of management, are necessary to provide a fair statement of the results for the interim periods presented. The Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) on June 14, 2007.
Software Development Costs and Intellectual Property Licenses
Software development costs include payments made to independent software developers under development agreements, as well as direct costs incurred for internally developed products.
We account for software development costs in accordance with SFAS No. 86, Accounting for the Costs of Computer Software to Be Sold, Leased, or Otherwise Marketed. Software development costs are capitalized once technological feasibility of a product is established and such costs are determined to be recoverable. Technological feasibility of a product encompasses both technical design documentation and game design documentation. For products where proven technology exists, this may occur early in the development cycle. Technological feasibility is evaluated on a product-by-product basis. Prior to a products release, we expense, as part of cost of sales software royalties and amortization, capitalized costs when we believe such amounts are not recoverable. Capitalized costs for those products that are cancelled or abandoned are charged to product development expense in the period of cancellation. Amounts related to software development which are not capitalized are charged immediately to product development expense. We evaluate the future recoverability of capitalized amounts on a quarterly basis. The recoverability of capitalized software development costs is evaluated based on the expected performance of the specific products for which the costs relate. Criteria used to evaluate expected product performance include: historical performance of comparable products using comparable technology; orders for the product prior to its release; and estimated performance of a sequel product based on the performance of the product on which the sequel is based.
Commencing upon product release, capitalized software development costs are amortized to cost of sales software royalties and amortization based on the ratio of current revenues to total projected revenues, generally resulting in an amortization period of six months or less. For products that have been released in prior periods, we evaluate the future recoverability of capitalized amounts on a quarterly basis. The primary evaluation criterion is actual title performance.
Significant management judgments and estimates are utilized in the assessment of when technological feasibility is established, as well as in the ongoing assessment of the recoverability of capitalized costs. In evaluating the recoverability of capitalized costs, the assessment of expected product performance utilizes forecasted sales amounts and estimates of additional costs to be incurred. If revised forecasted or actual product sales are less than, and/or revised forecasted or actual costs are greater than, the original forecasted amounts utilized in the initial recoverability analysis, the net realizable value may be lower than originally estimated in any given quarter, which could result in an impairment charge.
Intellectual property license costs represent license fees paid to intellectual property rights holders for use of their trademarks, copyrights, software, technology, or other intellectual property or proprietary rights in the development of our products. Depending upon the agreement with the rights holder, we may obtain the rights to use acquired intellectual property in multiple products over multiple years, or alternatively, for a single product.
8
ACTIVISION, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
We evaluate the future recoverability of capitalized intellectual property licenses on a quarterly basis. The recoverability of capitalized intellectual property license costs is evaluated based on the expected performance of the specific products in which the licensed trademark or copyright is to be used. As many of our intellectual property licenses extend for multiple products over multiple years, we also assess the recoverability of capitalized intellectual property license costs based on certain qualitative factors such as the success of other products and/or entertainment vehicles utilizing the intellectual property, whether there are any future planned theatrical releases or television series based on the intellectual property, and the rights holders continued promotion and exploitation of the intellectual property. Prior to the related products release, we expense, as part of cost of sales intellectual property licenses, capitalized intellectual property costs when we believe such amounts are not recoverable. Capitalized intellectual property costs for those products that are cancelled or abandoned are charged to product development expense in the period of cancellation. Criteria used to evaluate expected product performance include: historical performance of comparable products using comparable technology; orders for the product prior to its release; and estimated performance of a sequel product based on the performance of the product on which the sequel is based.
Commencing upon the related products release, capitalized intellectual property license costs are amortized to cost of sales intellectual property licenses based on the ratio of current revenues for the specific product to total projected revenues for all products in which the licensed property will be utilized. As intellectual property license contracts may extend for multiple years, the amortization of capitalized intellectual property license costs relating to such contracts may extend beyond one year. For intellectual property included in products that have been released, we evaluate the future recoverability of capitalized amounts on a quarterly basis. The primary evaluation criterion is actual title performance.
Significant management judgments and estimates are utilized in the assessment of the recoverability of capitalized costs. In evaluating the recoverability of capitalized costs, the assessment of expected product performance utilizes forecasted sales amounts and estimates of additional costs to be incurred. If revised forecasted or actual product sales are less than, and/or revised forecasted or actual costs are greater than, the original forecasted amounts utilized in the initial recoverability analysis, the net realizable value may be lower than originally estimated in any given quarter, which could result in an impairment charge. Additionally, as noted above, as many of our intellectual property licenses extend for multiple products over multiple years, we also assess the recoverability of capitalized intellectual property license costs based on certain qualitative factors such as the success of other products and/or entertainment vehicles utilizing the intellectual property, whether there are any future planned theatrical releases or television series based on the intellectual property and the rights holders continued promotion and exploitation of the intellectual property. Material differences may result in the amount and timing of charges for any period if management makes different judgments or utilizes different estimates in evaluating these qualitative factors.
Revenue Recognition
We recognize revenue from the sale of our products upon the transfer of title and risk of loss to our customers, and once any performance obligations have been completed. Certain products are sold to customers with a street date (the earliest date these products may be sold by retailers). For these products we recognize revenue on the later of the street date or the sale date. Revenue from product sales is recognized after deducting the estimated allowance for returns and price protection. With respect to license agreements that provide customers the right to make multiple copies in exchange for guaranteed amounts, revenue is recognized upon delivery of a master copy. Per copy royalties on sales that exceed the guarantee are recognized as earned.
Some of our software products provide limited online features at no additional cost to the consumer. Generally, we consider such features to be incidental to the overall product offering and an inconsequential deliverable. Accordingly, we do not defer any revenue related to products containing these limited online features. In instances where online features or additional functionality is considered a substantive deliverable
9
ACTIVISION, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
in addition to the software product, the company contemplates such when determining the appropriate revenue recognition. This evaluation is performed for each software product when it is released. We determined that one of our software titles released this quarter, Enemy Territory: Quake Wars (which is primarily an online multiplayer PC game), contains online functionality that constitutes a more-than-inconsequential separate service deliverable in addition to the product, principally because of its importance to game play. As such, our performance obligations for this title extend beyond the sale of the game, which is unique compared to other prior titles. Vendor-specific objective evidence of fair value (VSOE) does not exist for the online functionality, as we do not separately charge for this component of the title. As a result, we are recognizing all of the revenue from the sale of this title ratably over an estimated service period, which is estimated to be six months beginning the month after shipment. In addition, we are deferring the costs of sales for this title. Cost of sales includes: manufacturing costs, software royalties and amortization, and intellectual property licenses. Overall, online play functionality is still an emerging area for us. As we move forward, we will monitor this developing functionality and its significance for our products. Our assessment of our obligations with respect to this functionality and the resulting accounting may change in the future.
With respect to online transactions, such as electronic downloads of titles or product add-ons, revenue is recognized when the fee is paid by the online customer to purchase online content and we are notified by the online retailer that the product has been downloaded. In addition, in order to recognize revenue for both product sales and licensing transactions, persuasive evidence of an arrangement must exist and collection of the related receivable must be probable.
Sales incentives or other consideration given by us to our customers is accounted for in accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards Boards Emerging Issues Task Force (EITF) Issue 01-9, Accounting for Consideration Given by a Vendor to a Customer (Including a Reseller of the Vendors Products). In accordance with EITF Issue 01-9, sales incentives and other consideration that are considered adjustments of the selling price of our products, such as rebates and product placement fees, are reflected as reductions of revenue. Sales incentives and other consideration that represent costs incurred by us for assets or services received, such as the appearance of our products in a customers national circular ad, are reflected as sales and marketing expenses.
Allowances for Returns, Price Protection, Doubtful Accounts, and Inventory Obsolescence
In determining the appropriate unit shipments to our customers, we benchmark our titles using historical and industry data. We closely monitor and analyze the historical performance of our various titles, the performance of products released by other publishers, and the anticipated timing of other releases in order to assess future demands of current and upcoming titles. Initial volumes shipped upon title launch and subsequent reorders are evaluated to ensure that quantities are sufficient to meet the demands from the retail markets but at the same time, are controlled to prevent excess inventory in the channel.
We may permit product returns from, or grant price protection to, our customers under certain conditions. In general, price protection refers to the circumstances when we elect to decrease the wholesale price of a product by a certain amount and, when granted and applicable, allows customers a credit against amounts owed by such customers to us with respect to open and/or future invoices. The conditions our customers must meet to be granted the right to return products or price protection are, among other things, compliance with applicable payment terms, and consistent delivery to us of inventory and sell-through reports. We may also consider other factors, including the facilitation of slow-moving inventory and other market factors. Management must make estimates of potential future product returns and price protection related to current period product revenue. We estimate the amount of future returns and price protection for current period product revenue utilizing historical experience and information regarding inventory levels and the demand and acceptance of our products by the end consumer. The following factors are used to estimate the amount of future returns and price protection for a particular title: historical performance of titles in similar genres, historical performance of the hardware platform, historical performance of the brand, console hardware life cycle, Activision sales force and retail customer feedback, industry pricing, weeks of on-hand retail channel inventory, absolute
10
ACTIVISION, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
quantity of on-hand retail channel inventory, our warehouse on-hand inventory levels, the titles recent sell-through history (if available), marketing trade programs, and competing titles. The relative importance of these factors varies among titles depending upon, among other items, genre, platform, seasonality, and sales strategy. Significant management judgments and estimates must be made and used in connection with establishing the allowance for returns and price protection in any accounting period. Based upon historical experience we believe our estimates are reasonable. However, actual returns and price protection could vary materially from our allowance estimates due to a number of reasons including, among others, a lack of consumer acceptance of a title, the release in the same period of a similarly themed title by a competitor, or technological obsolescence due to the emergence of new hardware platforms. Material differences may result in the amount and timing of our revenue for any period if factors or market conditions change or if management makes different judgments or utilizes different estimates in determining the allowances for returns and price protection. For example, a 1% change in our September 30, 2007 allowance for returns and price protection would impact net revenues by $1.0 million.
Similarly, management must make estimates of the uncollectibility of our accounts receivable. In estimating the allowance for doubtful accounts, we analyze the age of current outstanding account balances, historical bad debts, customer concentrations, customer creditworthiness, current economic trends, and changes in our customers payment terms and their economic condition, as well as whether we can obtain sufficient credit insurance. Any significant changes in any of these criteria would affect managements estimates in establishing our allowance for doubtful accounts.
We value inventory at the lower of cost or market. We regularly review inventory quantities on hand and in the retail channel and record a provision for excess or obsolete inventory based on the future expected demand for our products. Significant changes in demand for our products would impact managements estimates in establishing our inventory provision.
Stock-Based Compensation Expense
On April 1, 2006, we adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123 (revised 2004), Share-Based Payment, (SFAS No. 123R) which requires the measurement and recognition of compensation expense for all share-based payment awards made to employees and directors including employee stock options and employee stock purchases related to the Employee Stock Purchase Plan (employee stock purchases) based on estimated fair values. SFAS No. 123R supersedes our previous accounting under Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees (APB No. 25). In March 2005, the Securities and Exchange Commission issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 107 (SAB 107) relating to SFAS No. 123R. We have applied the provisions of SAB 107 in our adoption of SFAS No. 123R.
SFAS No. 123R requires companies to estimate the fair value of share-based payment awards on the measurement date using an option-pricing model. The value of the portion of the award that is ultimately expected to vest is recognized as expense over the requisite service periods in our Consolidated Statement of Operations. Stock-based compensation expense recognized under SFAS No. 123R for the three and six months ended September 30, 2007 was $6.9 million and $15.0 million, respectively and for the three and six months ended September 30, 2006 was $4.9 million and $10.7 million, respectively. See Note 13 for additional information.
Stock-based compensation expense recognized during the period is based on the value of the portion of share-based payment awards that is ultimately expected to vest during the period. Stock-based compensation expense recognized in our Consolidated Statement of Operations for the three and six months ended September 30, 2007, included compensation expense for share-based payment awards granted prior to, but not yet vested as of April 1, 2006, based on the grant date fair value estimated in accordance with the pro forma provisions of SFAS No. 123 and compensation expense for the share-based payment awards granted subsequent to April 1, 2006 based on the grant date fair value estimated in accordance with the provisions of SFAS No. 123R. Stock-based compensation expense recognized in the
11
ACTIVISION, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
Consolidated Statement of Operations is based on awards ultimately expected to vest and has been reduced for estimated forfeitures. SFAS No. 123R requires forfeitures to be estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates.
We estimate the value of employee stock options on the date of grant using a binomial-lattice model. For additional information, see Note 13. Our determination of fair value of share-based payment awards on the date of grant using an option-pricing model is affected by our stock price as well as assumptions regarding a number of highly complex and subjective variables. These variables include, but are not limited to our expected stock price volatility over the term of the awards, and actual and projected employee stock option exercise behaviors.
2. Acquisitions
Bizarre Creations
On September 26, 2007, we acquired 100% of Bizarre Creations Limited (Bizarre Creations) for an aggregate purchase price of $67.4 million in cash. In addition, in the event that certain financial performance measures of Bizarre Creations business over a certain period of time (currently estimated to be 5 years from fiscal 2008) exceeds specified target levels, the former shareholders of Bizarre Creations will be entitled to an additional amount of up to $40 million payable in shares of our common stock. The contingent consideration will be recorded as an addition to the purchase price if the specified target levels are met. Based in the United Kingdom (UK), Bizarre Creations is a video game developer focusing on the racing category with its multi-million unit selling franchise Project Gotham Racing, a series for the Microsoft Xbox (Xbox) and the Microsoft Xbox360 (Xbox360) platforms. Bizarre Creations has also developed and owns the Geometry Wars intellectual property. We expect that Bizarre Creations will play a role in our growth strategy as we develop intellectual property for the racing segment, expand our development capability and capacity for other genres and utilize Bizarre Creations proprietary development technology.
The results of operations of Bizarre Creations and the estimated fair market values of the acquired assets and liabilities have been included in the Consolidated Financial Statements since the date of acquisition. Pro forma consolidated statements of operations for this acquisition are not shown, as they would not differ materially from reported results. The acquired finite-lived intangible assets are being amortized over the estimated useful life in proportion to the economic benefits consumed, which for some intangible assets are approximated by using the straight-line method. Goodwill has been included in the publishing segment of our business and is amortized over 15 years for tax purposes.
12
ACTIVISION, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
Preliminary Purchase Price Allocation
We accounted for this acquisition in accordance with SFAS No. 141, Business Combinations (SFAS No. 141). SFAS No. 141 addresses financial accounting and reporting for business combinations, requiring that the purchase method be used to account and report for all business combinations. The purchase price for the Bizarre Creations transaction was preliminarily allocated to assets acquired and liabilities assumed as set forth below (in thousands):
Current assets |
|
$ |
4,352 |
|
Property and equipment, net |
|
2,203 |
|
|
Goodwill |
|
55,833 |
|
|
Trademark, acquired contracts and other intangibles |
|
9,500 |
|
|
Deferred tax liability |
|
(1,876 |
) |
|
Other liabilities |
|
(2,639 |
) |
|
Total consideration |
|
$ |
67,373 |
|
Purchased Intangible Assets
The following table presents details of the purchased finite-lived intangible assets acquired in the Bizarre Creations acquisition (in thousands):
|
|
Estimated |
|
Amount |
|
|
Finite-lived intangibles: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Trademark |
|
8 |
|
$ |
1,100 |
|
Acquired contracts |
|
0.5 |
|
2,800 |
|
|
Other intangibles |
|
1 - 5 |
|
5,600 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total finite-lived intangibles |
|
|
|
$ |
9,500 |
|
The following tables present details of our total purchased finite-lived intangible assets as of September 30, 2007 (in thousands):
|
|
Gross |
|
Accumulated Amortization |
|
Net |
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
Trademark |
|
$ |
1,100 |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
1,100 |
|
Acquired contracts |
|
2,800 |
|
|
|
2,800 |
|
|||
Other intangibles |
|
5,600 |
|
|
|
5,600 |
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
Total |
|
$ |
9,500 |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
9,500 |
|
13
ACTIVISION, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
The estimated future amortization expense of purchased finite-lived intangible assets as of September 30, 2007 is as follows (in thousands):
Fiscal year ending March 31, |
|
Amount |
|
|
2008 (remaining six months) |
|
$ |
3,500 |
|
2009 |
|
700 |
|
|
2010 |
|
1,153 |
|
|
2011 |
|
1,538 |
|
|
2012 |
|
1,538 |
|
|
Thereafter |
|
1,071 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
$ |
9,500 |
|
DemonWare
On May 11, 2007, Activision completed its acquisition of DemonWare, Ltd., a provider of network middleware technologies for console and personal computer (PC) games headquartered in Dublin, Ireland. The acquisition is expected to enable Activision to gain efficiencies related to online game development and to position us to take advantage of the growth in online gameplay that is expected to be driven by the next-generation consoles. The acquisition is expected to be immaterial to fiscal 2008 earnings per share and cash flow. Additionally, pro forma consolidated statements of operations for this acquisition are not shown, as they would not differ materially from reported results.
3. Inventories
Inventories are valued at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out) or market. Our inventories consist of the following (amounts in thousands):
|
|
September 30, 2007 |
|
March 31, 2007 |
|
||
Finished goods |
|
$ |
151,584 |
|
$ |
89,048 |
|
Purchased parts and components |
|
37,449 |
|
2,183 |
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
$ |
189,033 |
|
$ |
91,231 |
|
4. Goodwill
The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the six months ended September 30, 2007 are as follows (amounts in thousands):
|
|
Publishing |
|
Distribution |
|
Total |
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
Balance as of March 31, 2007 |
|
$ |
189,342 |
|
$ |
6,032 |
|
$ |
195,374 |
|
Goodwill acquired during the period |
|
58,609 |
|
|
|
58,609 |
|
|||
Issuance of contingent consideration |
|
25,703 |
|
|
|
25,703 |
|
|||
Adjustment-prior period purchase allocation |
|
(127 |
) |
|
|
(127 |
) |
|||
Effect of foreign currency exchange rates |
|
474 |
|
215 |
|
689 |
|
|||
Balance as of September 30, 2007 |
|
$ |
274,001 |
|
$ |
6,247 |
|
$ |
280,248 |
|
14
ACTIVISION, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
Goodwill acquired during the period represents goodwill of $55.8 million and $2.8 million related to the acquisitions of Bizarre Creations and DemonWare, respectively. See Note 2 for additional information. Issuance of contingent consideration consists of additional purchase consideration related to the acquisition of RedOctane Inc. and Vicarious Visions Inc. for $22.6 million and $3.1 million, respectively, which was paid in shares of our common stock. Additional contingent purchase consideration of $3.1 million related to the acquisition of Vicarious Visions Inc. was earned on June 30, 2007 as a result of the achievement of certain sell through targets released during the second quarter of fiscal 2008. As a result, shares of our common stock with an aggregate value of $1.4 million were issued to the former stockholders of Vicarious Visions Inc. with the remaining $1.7 million accrued as of September 30, 2007.
5. Income Taxes
The income tax provision of $1.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2007 reflects our effective income tax rate for the quarter of 73.0%, and the income tax provision of $15.7 million for the six months ended September 30, 2007 reflects our estimated effective income tax rate of 35.5% for the six months ended September 30, 2007. Due to our relatively small net income before tax provision for the three months ended September 30, 2007, small changes in discrete items resulted in a large effect on our effective income tax rate for the quarter ended September 30, 2007. The significant items that generated the variance between our effective rate for the three months ended September 30, 2007 and our statutory rate of 35% were federal and state research and development tax credits, the impact of foreign tax rate differentials, and the federal deduction for domestic production activities, partially offset by state taxes and the impact of a decrease in the tax benefit of deferred tax assets on the books of our UK affiliates due to the enactment of a decrease in the UK statutory tax rate.
The aforementioned effective income tax rate for the quarter of 73.0% differs from our effective income tax rate of 17.3% for the three months ended September 30, 2006 due to an increase in anticipated pretax income for fiscal 2008 determined at September 30, 2007 versus the anticipated pretax income for fiscal 2007 determined at September 30, 2006, without a corresponding increase in the benefit of book/tax differences, in addition to the impact of a decrease in the tax benefit of deferred tax assets on the books of our UK affiliates due to the recent enactment of a decrease in the UK statutory tax rate.
The income tax benefit of $5.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2006 reflects our effective income tax rate for the quarter of 17.3%, which differs from our effective tax rate of 21.9% for the year ended March 31, 2007 due to (1) an increase in the federal research and development credit for the full year ended March 31, 2007 over the amount originally anticipated for the year at September 30, 2006 due to the Congressional reinstatement of the federal R&D credit in quarter ended December 31, 2006; and (2) the elimination of the valuation allowance for research and development tax credits, partially offset by the nondeductible portion of annual cash bonuses determined in the three months ended March 31, 2007 under Section 162(m), and the establishment of tax reserves for these credits and other deferred tax assets. The significant items that generated the variance between our effective rate and our statutory rate of 35% for the three months ended September 30, 2006 were research and development tax credits for state purposes, and the impact of foreign tax rate differentials, partially offset by state taxes.
We adopted the provisions of Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Interpretation No. 48 Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes (FIN 48) an interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109 (SFAS 109) on April 1, 2007. As a result of the implementation of FIN 48, we recognized no material adjustment in the liability for unrecognized income tax benefits. At the adoption date of April 1, 2007, we had $65.5 million of unrecognized tax benefits, of which $26.2 million would affect our effective tax rate if recognized. The liability for unrecognized tax benefits was unchanged during the three months ended September 30, 2007.
In addition, consistent with the provisions of FIN 48, we reclassified $15.6 million of income tax liabilities from current to non-current liabilities because payment of cash is not anticipated within one year of the
15
ACTIVISION, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
balance sheet date. These non-current income tax liabilities are recorded in Other Liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
We recognize interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions in income tax expense. As of April 1, 2007, we had approximately $296,000 of accrued interest related to uncertain tax positions. There were no material changes to the accrued interest expense related to estimated obligations for unrecognized tax benefits net of federal benefit during the three months ended September 30, 2007.
The tax years 2002 through 2007 remain open to examination by the major taxing jurisdictions to which we are subject, including U.S. and non-U.S. locations. We are currently under audit by the Internal Revenue Service and the California Franchise Tax Board, and it is possible that the current portion of our unrecognized tax benefits will significantly decrease within the next twelve months.
6. Software Development Costs and Intellectual Property Licenses
As of September 30, 2007, capitalized software development costs included $102.5 million of internally developed software costs and $42.2 million of payments made to third-party software developers. As of March 31, 2007, capitalized software development costs included $94.3 million of internally developed software costs and $36.6 million of payments made to third-party software developers. Capitalized intellectual property licenses were $81.8 million and $100.3 million as of September 30, 2007 and March 31, 2007, respectively. Amortization and write-offs of capitalized software development costs and intellectual property licenses were $101.7 million and $26.3 million for the six months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006, respectively.
7. Comprehensive Income (Loss) and Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Comprehensive Income (Loss)
The components of comprehensive income (loss) for the three and six months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006 were as follows (amounts in thousands):
|
|
Three months ended September 30, |
|
Six months ended September 30, |
|
||||||||
|
|
2007 |
|
2006 |
|
2007 |
|
2006 |
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Net income (loss) |
|
$ |
698 |
|
$ |
(24,302 |
) |
$ |
28,524 |
|
$ |
(42,611 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Other comprehensive income (loss): |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Foreign currency translation adjustment |
|
3,891 |
|
2,663 |
|
6,613 |
|
6,241 |
|
||||
Unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on short-term investments, net of taxes |
|
950 |
|
8,447 |
|
543 |
|
(10,035 |
) |
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Other comprehensive income (loss) |
|
4,841 |
|
11,110 |
|
7,156 |
|
(3,794 |
) |
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Comprehensive income (loss) |
|
$ |
5,539 |
|
$ |
(13,192 |
) |
$ |
35,680 |
|
$ |
(46,405 |
) |
16
ACTIVISION, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
For the six months ended September 30, 2007 the components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) were as follows (amounts in thousands):
|
|
|
|
Unrealized |
|
Accumulated |
|
|||
|
|
|
|
Appreciation |
|
Other |
|
|||
|
|
Foreign |
|
(Depreciation) |
|
Comprehensive |
|
|||
|
|
Currency |
|
on Investments |
|
Income |
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
Balance, March 31, 2007 |
|
$ |
21,070 |
|
$ |
(868 |
) |
$ |
20,202 |
|
Other comprehensive income |
|
6,613 |
|
543 |
|
7,156 |
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
Balance, September 30, 2007 |
|
$ |
27,683 |
|
$ |
(325 |
) |
$ |
27,358 |
|
Other comprehensive income is presented net of tax benefits of $0.3 million related to unrealized appreciation on the Companys investments for the six months ended September 30, 2007. Income taxes were not provided for foreign currency translation items as these are considered indefinite investments in non-U.S. subsidiaries.
8. Investment Income, Net
Investment income, net is comprised of the following (amounts in thousands):
|
|
Three months ended September 30, |
|
Six months ended September 30, |
|
||||||||
|
|
2007 |
|
2006 |
|
2007 |
|
2006 |
|
||||
Interest income |
|
$ |
12,169 |
|
$ |
8,013 |
|
$ |
23,755 |
|
$ |
16,369 |
|
Interest expense |
|
(37 |
) |
19 |
|
(61 |
) |
(64 |
) |
||||
Net realized gain on investments |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Investment income, net |
|
$ |
12,132 |
|
$ |
8,032 |
|
$ |
23,694 |
|
$ |
16,307 |
|
17
ACTIVISION, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
9. Supplemental Cash Flow Information
Non-cash investing and financing activities and supplemental cash flow information is as follows (amounts in thousands):
|
|
Six months ended September 30, |
|
||||
|
|
2007 |
|
2006 |
|
||
Non-cash investing and financing activities: |
|
|
|
|
|
||
Subsidiaries acquired with common stock |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
30,000 |
|
Change in unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on short-term investments, net of taxes |
|
543 |
|
(10,035 |
) |
||
Common stock issued related to acquisition |
|
24,039 |
|
|
|
||
Common stock issuable related to acquisition |
|
|
|
39,000 |
|
||
Common stock issued related to employee bonuses |
|
1,857 |
|
|
|
||
Adjustment - prior period purchase allocation |
|
(127 |
) |
46 |
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Supplemental cash flow information: |
|
|
|
|
|
||
Cash paid for income taxes |
|
$ |
2,806 |
|
$ |
5,456 |
|
Cash paid for interest |
|
42 |
|
63 |
|
10. Operations by Reportable Segments and Geographic Area
Based upon our organizational structure, we operate two business segments: (i) publishing of interactive entertainment software and peripherals and (ii) distribution of interactive entertainment software and hardware products.
Publishing refers to the development, marketing and sale of products, either directly, by license or through our affiliate label program with certain third-party publishers. In the United States and Canada, we primarily sell our products on a direct basis to mass-market retailers, consumer electronics stores, discount warehouses, and game specialty stores. We conduct our international publishing activities through offices in the United Kingdom (UK), Germany, France, Italy, Spain, Australia, Sweden, the Netherlands, Canada, South Korea, and Japan where products are sold on a direct-to-retail basis and through third-party distribution and licensing arrangements and through our wholly owned distribution subsidiaries.
Distribution refers to our operations in the UK, the Netherlands, and Germany that provide logistical and sales services to third-party publishers of interactive entertainment software, our own publishing operations and manufacturers of interactive entertainment hardware.
Resources are allocated to each of these segments using information on their respective net revenues and operating profits before interest and taxes.
The accounting policies of these segments are the same as those described in the Summary of Significant Accounting Policies in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended March 31, 2007. Revenue derived from sales between segments is eliminated in consolidation.
18
ACTIVISION, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
Information on the reportable segments for the three and six months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006 is as follows (amounts in thousands):
|
|
Three months ended September 30, 2007 |
|
|||||||
|
|
Publishing |
|
Distribution |
|
Total |
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
Total segment revenues |
|
$ |
253,759 |
|
$ |
63,987 |
|
$ |
317,746 |
|
Revenues from sales between segments |
|
(20,509 |
) |
20,509 |
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
Revenues from external customers |
|
$ |
233,250 |
|
$ |
84,496 |
|
$ |
317,746 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
Operating income (loss) |
|
$ |
(9,667 |
) |
$ |
122 |
|
$ |
(9,545 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
Total assets |
|
$ |
1,808,494 |
|
$ |
152,706 |
|
$ |
1,961,200 |
|
|
|
Three months ended September 30, 2006 |
|
|||||||
|
|
Publishing |
|
Distribution |
|
Total |
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
Total segment revenues |
|
$ |
125,404 |
|
$ |
62,768 |
|
$ |
188,172 |
|
Revenues from sales between segments |
|
(12,922 |
) |
12,922 |
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
Revenues from external customers |
|
$ |
112,482 |
|
$ |
75,690 |
|
$ |
188,172 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
Operating loss |
|
$ |
(36,607 |
) |
$ |
(803 |
) |
$ |
(37,410 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
Total assets |
|
$ |
1,429,824 |
|
$ |
103,205 |
|
$ |
1,533,029 |
|
|
|
Six months ended September 30, 2007 |
|
|||||||
|
|
Publishing |
|
Distribution |
|
Total |
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
Total segment revenues |
|
$ |
682,981 |
|
$ |
130,220 |
|
$ |
813,201 |
|
Revenues from sales between segments |
|
(43,356 |
) |
43,356 |
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
Revenues from external customers |
|
$ |
639,625 |
|
$ |
173,576 |
|
$ |
813,201 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
Operating income |
|
$ |
19,449 |
|
$ |
1,098 |
|
$ |
20,547 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
Total assets |
|
$ |
1,808,494 |
|
$ |
152,706 |
|
$ |
1,961,200 |
|
19
ACTIVISION, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
|
|
Six months ended September 30, 2006 |
|
|||||||
|
|
Publishing |
|
Distribution |
|
Total |
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
Total segment revenues |
|
$ |
260,166 |
|
$ |
116,075 |
|
$ |
376,241 |
|
Revenues from sales between segments |
|
(19,352 |
) |
19,352 |
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
Revenues from external customers |
|
$ |
240,814 |
|
$ |
135,427 |
|
$ |
376,241 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
Operating loss |
|
$ |
(68,125 |
) |
$ |
(2,734 |
) |
$ |
(70,859 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
Total assets |
|
$ |
1,429,824 |
|
$ |
103,205 |
|
$ |
1,533,029 |
|
Geographic information for the three and six months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006 is based on the location of the selling entity. Revenues from external customers by geographic region were as follows (amounts in thousands):
|
|
Three months ended September 30, |
|
Six months ended September 30, |
|
||||||||
|
|
2007 |
|
2006 |
|
2007 |
|
2006 |
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
North America |
|
$ |
161,804 |
|
$ |
74,249 |
|
$ |
471,340 |
|
$ |
173,863 |
|
Europe |
|
146,525 |
|
107,775 |
|
316,539 |
|
189,588 |
|
||||
Other |
|
9,417 |
|
6,148 |
|
25,322 |
|
12,790 |
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Total |
|
$ |
317,746 |
|
$ |
188,172 |
|
$ |
813,201 |
|
$ |
376,241 |
|
Revenues by platform were as follows (amounts in thousands):
|
|
Three months ended September 30, |
|
Six months ended September 30, |
|
||||||||
|
|
2007 |
|
2006 |
|
2007 |
|
2006 |
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Console |
|
$ |
240,484 |
|
$ |
117,473 |
|
$ |
642,358 |
|
$ |
236,450 |
|
Hand-held |
|
57,740 |
|
46,574 |
|
133,472 |
|
91,371 |
|
||||
PC |
|
19,522 |
|
24,125 |
|
37,371 |
|
48,420 |
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Total |
|
$ |
317,746 |
|
$ |
188,172 |
|
$ |
813,201 |
|
$ |
376,241 |
|
We had two customers that accounted for 14% and 9% of consolidated net revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2007, respectively and 18% and 13% of consolidated net revenues for the six months ended September 30, 2007, respectively. These customers accounted for 13% and 5% of consolidated accounts receivable, gross at September 30, 2007, respectively. These customers were customers of both our publishing and distribution businesses. We had one customer that accounted for 23% and 25% of consolidated net revenues for the three and six month periods ended September 30, 2006, respectively, and 19% of consolidated gross accounts receivable at September 30, 2006. This customer was a customer of both our publishing and distribution businesses.
20
ACTIVISION, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
11. Computation of Earnings (Loss) Per Share
The following table sets forth the computations of basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share (amounts in thousands, except per share data):
|
|
Three months ended |
|
Six months ended |
|
||||||||
|
|
2007 |
|
2006 |
|
2007 |
|
2006 |
|
||||
Numerator: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Numerator for basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share income (loss) available to common shareholders |
|
$ |
698 |
|
$ |
(24,302 |
) |
$ |
28,524 |
|
$ |
(42,611 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Denominator: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Denominator for basic earnings (loss) per share - weighted-average common shares outstanding |
|
287,315 |
|
280,627 |
|
285,450 |
|
279,487 |
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Effect of dilutive securities: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Employee stock options, employee stock purchase plans, and restricted stock units |
|
23,223 |
|
|
|
23,709 |
|
|
|
||||
Warrants to purchase common stock and other dilutive common stock equivalents |
|
2,725 |
|
|
|
3,351 |
|
|
|
||||
Potential dilutive common shares |
|
25,948 |
|
|
|
27,060 |
|
|
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Denominator for diluted earnings (loss) per share weighted-average common shares outstanding assuming dilution |
|
313,263 |
|
280,627 |
|
312,510 |
|
279,487 |
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Basic earnings (loss) per share |
|
$ |
0.00 |
|
$ |
(0.09 |
) |
$ |
0.10 |
|
$ |
(0.15 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Diluted earnings (loss) per share |
|
$ |
0.00 |
|
$ |
(0.09 |
) |
$ |
0.09 |
|
$ |
(0.15 |
) |
Options and restricted stock units to purchase 7.0 million and 34.5 million shares of our common stock for the three months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006, respectively, were not included in the calculations of diluted earnings per share because their effect would be antidilutive.
Options and restricted stock units to purchase 4.1 million and 34.0 million shares of our common stock for the six months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006, respectively, were not included in the calculations of diluted earnings per share because their effect would be antidilutive.
21
ACTIVISION, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
12. Commitments and Contingencies
Credit Facilities
We have revolving credit facilities with our Centresoft subsidiary located in the UK (the UK Facility) and our NBG subsidiary located in Germany (the German Facility). The UK Facility provided Centresoft with the ability to borrow up to GBP 12.0 million ($24.5 million), including issuing letters of credit, on a revolving basis as of September 30, 2007. The UK Facility bore interest at LIBOR plus 2.0% as of September 30, 2007, is collateralized by substantially all of the assets of the subsidiary and expires in January 2008. The UK Facility also contains various covenants that require the subsidiary to maintain specified financial ratios related to, among others, fixed charges. The German Facility provided for revolving loans up to EUR 0.5 million ($0.7 million) as of September 30, 2007, bore interest at a Eurocurrency rate plus 2.5%, is collateralized by certain of the subsidiarys property and equipment and has no expiration date. No borrowings were outstanding against the UK Facility and the German Facility as of September 30, 2007.
As of September 30, 2007, we maintained a $40.0 million irrevocable standby letter of credit. The standby letter of credit is required by one of our inventory manufacturers to qualify for payment terms on our inventory purchases. Under the terms of this arrangement, we are required to maintain on deposit with the bank a compensating balance, restricted as to use, of not less than the sum of the available amount of the letter of credit plus the aggregate amount of any drawings under the letter of credit that have been honored thereunder but not reimbursed. At September 30, 2007, the $40.0 million deposit is included in short-term investments as restricted cash. No borrowings were outstanding as of September 30, 2007.
As of September 30, 2007, our publishing subsidiary located in the UK maintained a EUR 4.0 million ($5.7 million) irrevocable standby letter of credit. The standby letter of credit is required by one of our inventory manufacturers to qualify for payment terms on our inventory purchases. The standby letter of credit does not require a compensating balance and is collateralized by substantially all of the assets of the subsidiary and expires in February 2008. No borrowings were outstanding as of September 30, 2007.
Commitments
In the normal course of business, we enter into contractual arrangements with third parties for non-cancelable operating lease agreements for our offices, for the development of products, and for the rights to intellectual property. Under these agreements, we commit to provide specified payments to a lessor, developer or intellectual property holder, as the case may be, based upon contractual arrangements. The payments to third-party developers are generally conditioned upon the achievement by the developers of contractually specified development milestones. Further, these payments to third-party developers and intellectual property holders typically are deemed to be advances and are recoupable against future royalties earned by the developer or intellectual property holder based on the sale of the related game. Additionally, in connection with certain intellectual property right acquisitions and development agreements, we will commit to spend specified amounts for marketing support for the related game(s) which is to be developed or in which the intellectual property will be utilized. Assuming all contractual provisions are met, the total future minimum commitments for these and other contractual arrangements in place as of September 30, 2007, are scheduled to be paid as follows (amounts in thousands):
22
ACTIVISION, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
|
|
Contractual Obligations(1) |
|
||||||||||
|
|
Facility and |
|
Developer |
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
|
Equipment Leases |
|
and IP |
|
Marketing |
|
Total |
|
||||
Fiscal year ending March 31, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
2008 (remaining six months) |
|
$ |
9,268 |
|
$ |
29,080 |
|
$ |
8,741 |
|
$ |
47,089 |
|
2009 |
|
19,265 |
|
55,572 |
|
46,015 |
|
120,852 |
|
||||
2010 |
|
17,454 |
|
23,036 |
|
11,100 |
|
51,590 |
|
||||
2011 |
|
15,045 |
|
30,586 |
|
13,100 |
|
58,731 |
|
||||
2012 |
|
10,772 |
|
16,586 |
|
|
|
27,358 |
|
||||
Thereafter |
|
41,879 |
|
47,587 |
|
|
|
89,466 |
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Total |
|
$ |
113,683 |
|
$ |
202,447 |
|
$ |
78,956 |
|
$ |
395,086 |
|
(1) We have omitted FIN 48 liabilities from this table due to the inherent uncertainty regarding the timing of potential issue resolution. Specifically, either (a) the underlying positions have not been fully enough developed under audit to quantify at this time or, (b) the years relating to the issues for certain jurisdictions are not currently under audit. At the adoption date of April 1, 2007, the Company had $65.5 million of unrecognized tax benefits.
Compensation Guarantee
In June 2005, we entered into an employment agreement with the President and Chief Executive Officer of Activision Publishing, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company and the Company's principal operating subsidiary, containing a guarantee related to his total compensation. The agreement guarantees that, if on May 15, 2010 his total compensation and any severance payments received by him has not exceeded $20.0 million, we will make a payment for the amount of the shortfall. The $20.0 million guarantee will be recognized as compensation expense over the term of the employment agreement and consists of salary payments, bonus payments, restricted stock expense, stock option expense, and an accrual for any anticipated remaining portion of the guarantee. The remaining portion of the guarantee is accrued over the term of the agreement in Other liabilities and will remain accrued until the end of the employment agreement, at which point it will be used to make a payment for any shortfall or reclassified into shareholders equity.
Legal Proceedings
In July 2006, individuals and/or entities claiming to be stockholders of the Company filed derivative lawsuits, purportedly on behalf of the Company, against certain current and former members of the Companys Board of Directors as well as several current and former officers of the Company. Three derivative actions have been filed in Los Angeles Superior Court: Vazquez v. Kotick, et al ., L.A.S.C. Case No. BC355327 (filed July 12, 2006); Greuer v. Kotick, et al. L.A.S.C. Case No. SC090343 (filed July 12, 2006); and Amalgamated Bank v. Baker, et al., L.A.S.C. Case No. BC356454 (filed August 3, 2006). These actions have been consolidated by the court under the caption In re Activision Shareholder Derivative Litigation, L.A.S.C. Master File No. SC090343 (West, J.). Two derivative actions have been filed in the United States District Court for the Central District of California: Pfeiffer v. Kotick, et al., C.D. Cal. Case No. CV06-4771 MRP (JTLx) (filed July 31, 2006); and Hamian v. Kotick, et al., C.D. Cal. Case No. CV06-5375 MRP (JLTx) (filed August 25, 2006). These actions have also been consolidated, under the caption In re Activision, Inc. Shareholder Derivative Litigation, C.D. Cal. Case No. CV06-4771 MRP (JTLx) (Pfaelzer, J.). The consolidated complaints allege, among other things, purported improprieties in the Companys issuance of stock options. Plaintiffs seek various relief on behalf of the Company, including damages, restitution of benefits obtained from the alleged misconduct, equitable relief, including an accounting and rescission of option contracts; and various corporate governance reforms. The Company
23
ACTIVISION, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
expects that defense expenses associated with the matters will be covered by its directors and officers insurance, subject to the terms and conditions of the applicable policies.
On May 24, 2007, the Superior Court granted the Companys motion to stay the state action. The courts order stays the action pending the resolution of motions to dismiss in the federal action, but is without prejudice to any partys right to seek modification of the stay upon a showing of good cause, including a showing that matters may be addressed in the Superior Court without the potential for conflict with or duplication of the federal court proceedings. On July 13, 2007, Plaintiffs filed their second amended complaint, which alleges substantially the same claims as the previous complaints, with new allegations related to Plaintiffs standing, recent public facts and additional analyses. The parties are briefing the threshold issues and a hearing on them is scheduled for November 7, 2007.
The Company filed motions to dismiss in the federal action on June 1, 2007. A hearing on the motions has been continued to December 3, 2007.
The Company was also informed that, on June 1, 2007, a derivative case, Abdelnur vs. Kotick et al., was filed in the United States District Court for the Central District of California, C.D. Case No. CV07-3575 AHM (PJWx), by the same law firm that previously filed the Hamian case, alleging substantially the same claims. The action has now been consolidated with the existing federal consolidated action and the motions to dismiss filed June 1, 2007 have been deemed to have also been filed in response to the Abdelnur complaint.
On July 18, 2007, the Company was informed that another derivative case, Scarborough v. Kotick et al., was filed in the United States District Court for the Central District of California, Case No. CV07-4602 SVW (PLAx), also by the same law firm that previously filed the Hamian case, alleging substantially the same claims. This action has been consolidated with the federal consolidated case. The parties attended a mediation related to the consolidated federal case on November 1, 2007.
On July 24, 2006, the Company received a letter of informal inquiry from the SEC requesting certain documents and information relating to the Companys historical stock option grant practices. Thereafter, the SEC issued a formal order of non-public investigation, pursuant to which it has subpoenaed documents from the Company related to the investigation, and has subpoenaed testimony and documents from certain current and former directors, officers and employees of the Company.
The Company is cooperating with the SECs investigation, and representatives of the special subcommittee of independent members of our Board of Directors established in July 2006 to review our historical stock option granting practices (the Special Subcommittee) and its legal counsel have met with members of the staff of the SEC on several occasions, in person and by telephone (as has the Companys outside legal counsel), to discuss the progress of the Special Subcommittees investigation and to brief the SEC staff on the Special Subcommittees findings and recommendations. A representative of the U.S. Department of Justice has attended certain of these meetings and requested copies of certain documents that we have provided to the staff of the SEC. At this time, the Company has not received any grand jury subpoenas or written requests from the Department of Justice.
In addition, we are party to other routine claims and suits brought by us and against us in the ordinary course of business, including disputes arising over the ownership of intellectual property rights, contractual claims, employment laws, regulations and relationships, and collection matters. In the opinion of management, after consultation with legal counsel, the outcome of such routine claims and lawsuits will not have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, or liquidity.
24
ACTIVISION, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
13. Stock-Based Compensation and Employee Benefit Plans
Equity Incentive Plans
On July 30, 2007, our Board of Directors adopted the Activision 2007 Incentive Plan (the 2007 Plan), subject to shareholder approval, and reserved 15,000,000 shares for issuance thereunder and, on September 27, 2007, the 2007 Plan was approved by our shareholders and became effective. The 2007 Plan authorizes the Compensation Committee of our Board of Directors to provide equity-based compensation in the form of stock options, share appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, performance shares, performance units and other performance- or value-based awards structured by the Compensation Committee within parameters set forth in the 2007 Plan, including custom awards that are denominated or payable in, valued in whole or in part by reference to, or otherwise based on or related to, shares of our common stock, or factors that may influence the value of our common stock or that are valued based on our performance or the performance of any of our subsidiaries or business units or other factors designated by the Compensation Committee, as well as incentive bonuses, for the purpose of providing incentives and rewards for superior performance to the directors, officers, employees of, and consultants to, Activision and its subsidiaries.
While the Compensation Committee has broad discretion to create equity incentives, our equity-based compensation program currently primarily utilizes a combination of options, restricted stock and restricted stock units. Such awards generally have time-based vesting schedules, vesting annually over periods of three to five years, or vest in their entirety on an anniversary of date of grant, subject to possible earlier vesting if certain performance measures are met, and all such awards which are options generally expire ten years from the grant date. Under the terms of the 2007 Plan, the exercise price for the options, must be equal to or greater than the closing price per share of our common stock on the date the award is granted, as reported on the NASDAQ.
Upon the effective date of the 2007 Plan, we ceased to make awards under the following equity incentive plans (collectively, the Rolled-Up Plans), although such plans will remain in effect and continue to govern outstanding awards: (i) Activision, Inc. 1998 Incentive Plan, as amended; (ii) Activision, Inc. 1999 Incentive Plan, as amended; (iii) Activision, Inc. 2001 Incentive Plan, as amended; (iv) Activision, Inc. 2002 Incentive Plan, as amended; (v) Activision, Inc. 2002 Executive Incentive Plan, as amended; (vi) Activision, Inc. 2002 Studio Employee Retention Incentive Plan, as amended; and (vii) Activision, Inc. 2003 Incentive Plan, as amended.
The number of shares available for issuance under the 2007 Plan was increased by an additional 2,685,577 shares of our common stock to reflect the shares reserved for issuance but not subject to outstanding awards under the Rolled-Up Plans at the time the 2007 Plan became effective. Additionally, the number of shares of our common stock reserved for issuance under the 2007 Plan may be further increased from time to time by: (i) the number of shares relating to awards outstanding under any Rolled-Up Plan that: (a) expire, or are forfeited, terminated or cancelled, without the issuance of shares; (b) are settled in cash in lieu of shares; or (c) are exchanged, prior to the issuance of shares of our common stock, for awards not involving our common stock; and (ii) if the exercise price of any option outstanding under any Rolled-Up Plan is, or the tax withholding requirements with respect to any award outstanding under any Rolled-Up Plan are, satisfied by withholding shares otherwise then deliverable in respect of the award or the actual or constructive transfer to the Company of shares already owned, the number of shares equal to the withheld or transferred shares. As of September 30, 2007, we had approximately 17.7 million shares of our common stock reserved for future issuance under the 2007 Plan. Shares issued in connection with awards made under the 2007 Plan are generally issued as new stock issuances.
25
ACTIVISION, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
Restricted Stock Units and Restricted Stock
We grant restricted stock units and restricted stock (collectively referred to as restricted stock rights) under the 2007 Plans to employees around the world. Restricted stock units entitle the holders thereof to receive shares of our common stock at the end of a specified period of time. Restricted stock is issued and outstanding upon grant; however, restricted stock holders are restricted from selling the shares until they vest. Upon vesting of restricted stock rights, we may withhold shares otherwise deliverable to satisfy tax withholding requirements. Restricted stock rights are subject to forfeiture and transfer restrictions. Vesting for restricted stock rights is based upon the holders continued employment with us. If the vesting conditions are not met, unvested restricted stock rights will be forfeited.
During the first quarter of fiscal 2008, we issued restricted stock rights of 8,000 shares to an employee with a total grant date fair value of $163,000. During the second quarter of fiscal 2008, we issued restricted stock rights of 75,333 shares to employees with a total grant date fair value of $1,513,000. The value of the shares is based on the closing market price of our common stock on the date of grant. In accordance with SFAS No. 123R, we will recognize compensation expense and increase additional paid in capital related to restricted stock rights over the requisite service period. For the three and six months ended September 30, 2007, we recorded expenses related to total restricted stock rights of approximately $548,000 and $879,000, respectively. For the three and six months ended September 30, 2006, we recorded expenses related to total restricted stock rights of approximately $175,000 and $350,000, respectively. Since the issuance dates, we have recognized $2.3 million of the $6.4 million total fair value, with the remainder to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.72 years.
Non-Plan Employee Stock Options
In connection with prior employment agreements between Activision and Robert A. Kotick, Activisions Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, and Brian G. Kelly, Activisions Co-Chairman, Mr. Kotick and Mr. Kelly were granted options to purchase our common stock. The Board of Directors approved the granting of these options. As of September 30, 2007, options to purchase approximately 8,304,800 shares under such grants were outstanding with a weighted-average exercise price of $1.74.
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
Effective October 1, 2005, the Board of Directors approved the Activision, Inc. Third Amended and Restated 2002 Employee Stock Purchase Plan and the Activision, Inc. Second Amended and Restated 2002 Employee Stock Purchase Plan for International Employees (together, the ESPP). Under the ESPP, up to an aggregate of 4,000,000 shares of our common stock may be purchased by eligible employees during two six-month offering periods that commence each April 1 and October 1 (the Offering Period). Common stock is purchased by the ESPP participants at a price per share generally equal to 85% of the lower of the fair market value of our common stock on the first day of the Offering Period and the fair market value of our common stock on the purchase date (the last day of the Offering Period). Employees may purchase shares having a value not exceeding 15% of their gross compensation during an Offering Period and are limited to a maximum of $10,000 in value for any two purchases within the same calendar year. On June 13, 2007, employees purchased 228,242 shares of our common stock at a purchase price of $12.835 per share. On September 28, 2007, the most recent purchase date, employees purchased 126,008 shares of our common stock at a purchase price of $16.099 per share. As of September 30, 2007, we had approximately 1.2 million shares of our common stock reserved for future issuance under the ESPP. Shares issued in connection with purchases made under the ESPP are generally issued as new stock issuances.
26
ACTIVISION, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
Non-Employee Warrants
In prior years, we have granted stock warrants to third parties in connection with the development of software and the acquisition of licensing rights for intellectual property. The warrants generally vest upon grant and are exercisable over the term of the warrant. The exercise price of third-party warrants is generally greater than or equal to the fair market value of our common stock at the date of grant. No third-party warrants were granted during the quarters or six months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006. As of September 30, 2007 and 2006, respectively, third-party warrants to purchase 919,800 and 936,000 shares of our common stock were outstanding with a weighted-average exercise price of $4.59 and $4.54 per share, respectively.
In accordance with EITF 96-18, we measure the fair value of the securities on the measurement date. The fair value of each warrant is capitalized and amortized to expense when the related product is released and the related revenue is recognized. Additionally, as more fully described in Note 1, the recoverability of capitalized software development costs and intellectual property licenses is evaluated on a quarterly basis with amounts determined as not recoverable being charged to expense. In connection with the evaluation of capitalized software development costs and intellectual property licenses, any capitalized amounts for related third-party warrants are additionally reviewed for recoverability with amounts determined as not recoverable being amortized to expense. As of March 31, 2006, capitalized amounts of third-party warrants had been fully amortized.
Employee Retirement Plan
We have a retirement plan covering substantially all of our eligible employees. The retirement plan is qualified in accordance with Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code. Under the plan, employees may defer up to 92% of their pre-tax salary, up to the maximum amount allowed by law. We contribute an amount equal to 20% of each dollar contributed by a participant. Our matching contributions to the plan were approximately $278,020 and $867,600 during the three and six months ended September 30, 2007, respectively. Our matching contributions to the plan were approximately $284,500 and $744,200 during the three and six months ended September 30, 2006, respectively.
The following table sets forth the total stock-based compensation expense resulting from stock options, restricted stock rights, and ESPP included in our Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and six months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006 (in thousands):
|
|
Three Months Ended |
|
Six Months Ended September 30, 2007 |
|
||
Cost of sales - software royalties and amortization |
|
$ |
248 |
|
$ |
2,093 |
|
Product development |
|
2,414 |
|
3,921 |
|
||
Sales and marketing |
|
1,868 |
|
3,639 |
|
||
General and administrative |
|
2,339 |
|
5,376 |
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Stock-based compensation expense before income taxes |
|
6,869 |
|
15,029 |
|
||
Income tax benefit |
|
(2,686 |
) |
(5,876 |
) |
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Total stock-based compensation expense after income taxes |
|
$ |
4,183 |
|
$ |
9,153 |
|
27
ACTIVISION, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
|
|
Three Months Ended |
|
Six Months Ended September 30, 2006 |
|
||
Cost of sales - software royalties and amortization |
|
$ |
|
|
$ |
36 |
|
Product development |
|
991 |
|
2,670 |
|
||
Sales and marketing |
|
889 |
|
1,929 |
|
||
General and administrative |
|
3,011 |
|
6,105 |
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Stock-based compensation expense before income taxes |
|
4,891 |
|
10,740 |
|
||
Income tax benefit |
|
(1,912 |
) |
(4,199 |
) |
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Total stock-based compensation expense after income taxes |
|
$ |
2,979 |
|
$ |
6,541 |
|
Additionally, stock option expenses are capitalized in accordance with SFAS No. 86, Accounting for the Costs of Computer Software to Be Sold, Leased, or Otherwise Marketed as discussed in Note 1. The following table summarizes stock option expense included in our Consolidated Balance Sheets as a component of software development (in thousands):
|
|
Software |
|
|
Balance, March 31, 2007 |
|
$ |
6,566 |
|
Stock-based compensation expense capitalized during period |
|
8,141 |
|
|
Amortization of capitalized stock-based compensation expense |
|
(2,093 |
) |
|
Balance, September 30, 2007 |
|
$ |
12,614 |
|
Net cash proceeds from the exercise of stock options were $19.1 million and $30.3 million for the three and six months ended September 30, 2007, respectively. Net cash proceeds from the exercise of stock options were $7.1 million and $11.9 million for the three and six months ended September 30, 2006, respectively. Income tax benefit from stock option exercises was $8.8 million and $9.2 million for the three and six months ended September 30, 2007, respectively. Income tax benefit from stock option exercises was $3.1 million and $5.9 million for the three and six months ended September 30, 2006, respectively. In accordance with SFAS No. 123R, we present excess tax benefits from the exercise of stock options, if any, as financing cash flows rather than operating cash flows.
Consistent with SFAS No. 123R, data input into our model reflects expected future changes during the options contractual term. The inputs required by our binomial lattice model include expected volatility, risk-free interest rate, risk-adjusted stock return, dividend yield, contractual term, and vesting schedule, as well as measures of employees forfeiture, exercise, and post-vesting termination behavior. Statistical methods were used to estimate termination rates for specific types of employees. These termination rates, in turn, were used to model the number of options that are expected to vest and post-vesting termination behavior. Employee-type-specific estimates of Expected Time-To-Exercise (ETTE) were used to reflect employee exercise behavior. ETTE was estimated by using statistical procedures to first estimate the conditional probability of exercise occurring during each time period, conditional on the option surviving to
28
ACTIVISION, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
that time period. These probabilities are then used to estimate ETTE. The model was calibrated by adjusting parameters controlling exercise and post-vesting termination behavior so that the measures output by the model matched values of these measures that were estimated from historical data. The weighted-average estimated value of employee stock options granted during the three months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006 was $8.16 and $5.66 per share, respectively, using the binomial-lattice model with the following weighted-average assumptions:
|
|
Employee and Director Options |
|
Employee Stock |
|
||||||||
|
|
Three Months Ended |
|
Three Months Ended |
|
||||||||
|
|
September |
|
September |
|
September |
|
September |
|
||||
Expected term (in years) |
|
5.41 |
|
5.67 |
|
0.5 |
|
0.5 |
|
||||
Risk-free interest rate |
|
4.81 |
% |
5.00 |
% |
5.07 |
% |
4.68 |
% |
||||
Volatility |
|
50.83 |
% |
54.60 |
% |
34.58 |
% |
41.40 |
% |
||||
Dividend yield |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Weighted-average fair value at grant date |
|
$ |
8.16 |
|
$ |
5.66 |
|
$ |
4.58 |
|
$ |
3.55 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
|
Six Months Ended |
|
Six Months Ended |
|
||||||||
|
|
September
|
|
September |
|
September
|
|
September
|
|
||||
Expected term (in years) |
|
5.43 |
|
4.67 |
|
0.5 |
|
0.5 |
|
||||
Risk-free interest rate |
|
4.81 |
% |
5.04 |
% |
5.07 |
% |
4.68 |
% |
||||
Volatility |
|
50.90 |
% |
54.33 |
% |
34.58 |
% |
41.40 |
% |
||||
Dividend yield |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Weighted-average fair value at grant date |
|
$ |
8.26 |
|
$ |
5.44 |
|
$ |
4.58 |
|
$ |
3.55 |
|
To estimate volatility for the binomial-lattice model, we use methods or capabilities that are discussed in SFAS No. 123R and SAB No. 107. These methods included the implied volatility method based upon the volatilities for exchange-traded options on our stock to estimate short-term volatility, the historical method (annualized standard deviation of the instantaneous returns on Activisions stock) during the options contractual term to estimate long-term volatility and a statistical model to estimate the transition or mean reversion from short-term volatility to long-term volatility. Based on these methods, for options granted during the three months ended September 30, 2007, the expected stock price volatility ranged from 45.56% to 51.95%, with a weighted-average volatility of 50.83% for options granted during the quarter ended September 30, 2007. For options granted during the three months ended September 30, 2006, the expected stock price volatility ranged from 50.70% to 55.84%, with a weighted-average volatility of 54.60% for options granted during the three months ended September 30, 2006.
As was the case for volatility, the risk-free rate is assumed to change during the options contractual term. Consistent with the calculation required by a binomial lattice model, the risk-free rate reflects the interest from one time period to the next (forward rate) as opposed to the interest rate from the grant date to the given time period (spot rate). Since we do not currently pay dividends and are not expected to pay them in the future, we have assumed that the dividend yield is zero.
The expected life of employee stock options represents the weighted-average period the stock options are expected to remain outstanding and is, as required by SFAS No. 123R, an output by the binomial-lattice model. The expected life of employee stock options depends on all of the underlying assumptions and
29
ACTIVISION, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
calibration of our model. A binomial-lattice model can be viewed as assuming that employees will exercise their options when the stock price equals or exceeds an exercise boundary. The exercise boundary is not constant but continually declines as one approaches the options expiration date. The exact placement of the exercise boundary depends on all of the model inputs as well as the measures that are used to calibrate the model to estimated measures of employees exercise and termination behavior.
Stock-based compensation expense recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Operations is based on awards ultimately expected to vest and has been reduced for estimated forfeitures. SFAS No. 123R requires forfeitures to be estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates.
Accuracy of Fair Value Estimates
The Company uses third-party analyses to assist in developing the assumptions used in the binomial lattice model, including model inputs and measures of employees exercise and post-vesting termination behavior. However, we are responsible for the assumptions used to estimate the fair value of our share-based payment awards.
Our ability to accurately estimate the fair value of share-based payment awards as of the grant date depends upon the accuracy of the model and our ability to accurately forecast model inputs as long as ten years into the future. These inputs include, but are not limited to, expected stock price volatility, risk-free rate, dividend yield, and employee termination rates. Although the fair value of employee stock options is determined in accordance with SFAS No. 123R and SAB 107 using an option-pricing model, the estimates that are produced by this model may not be indicative of the fair value observed between a willing buyer/willing seller. Unfortunately, it is difficult to determine if this is the case, because markets do not currently exist that permit the active trading of employee stock option and other share-based instruments.
Stock option activity for the six months ended September 30, 2007 is as follows (in thousands, except per share amounts):
|
|
Shares |
|
Weighted- |
|
Weighted- |
|
Aggregate |
|
||
Outstanding at March 31, 2007 |
|
49,429 |
|
$ |
7.18 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Granted |
|
8,270 |
|
18.92 |
|
|
|
|
|
||
Exercised |
|
(3,682 |
) |
6.88 |
|
|
|
|
|
||
Forfeited |
|
(1,174 |
) |
10.75 |
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Outstanding at September 30, 2007 |
|
52,843 |
|
$ |
9.03 |
|
6.08 |
|
$ |
663,699 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Exercisable at September 30, 2007 |
|
32,346 |
|
$ |
5.27 |
|
4.45 |
|
$ |
527,808 |
|
30
ACTIVISION, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
The aggregate intrinsic value in the table above represents the total pretax intrinsic value (i.e., the difference between our closing stock price on the last trading day of our second quarter of fiscal 2008 and the exercise price, times the number of shares) that would have been received by the option holders had all option holders exercised their options on September 30, 2007. This amount changes based on the fair market value of our common stock. Total intrinsic value of options exercised is $34.3 million and $46.4 million for the three and six months ended September 30, 2007, respectively. Total intrinsic value of options exercised is $9.0 million and $16.7 million for the three and six months ended September 30, 2006, respectively.
As of September 30, 2007, $69.7 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to stock options is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.8 years.
On June 8, 2007, with respect to unexercised options subject to Section 409A of the Internal Revenue Code held by employees who are not executive officers, Activision commenced an offer to amend the exercise price of these options to eliminate the grantees Section 409A tax liability consistent with Internal Revenue Service guidance. Pursuant to the offer, which closed on July 6, 2007, the Company will make a cash payment in January 2008 to employees who have accepted the offer, totaling approximately $4.1 million, which represents the difference between the original exercise price of each amended option and the amended exercise price of each amended option. The offer with respect to all eligible options is considered a modification of those options for financial reporting purposes. Pursuant to the accounting standards in effect under SFAS No. 123R, the incremental fair value of approximately $1 million, created as a result of cash payments that become payable pursuant to the terms of the offer, was recognized as compensation expense at the expiration of the offer period on July 6, 2007.
14. Impact of Recently Issued Accounting Standards
In September 2006, the FASB issued Statement No. 157 (SFAS No. 157), Fair Value Measurements. SFAS No. 157 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in generally accepted accounting principles, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. SFAS No. 157 applies to other accounting pronouncements that require or permit fair value measurements and does not require any new fair value measurements. SFAS No. 157 is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007. We do not expect that the adoption of SFAS No. 157 will have a material effect on our financial position or results of operations.
In February 2007, the FASB issued Statement No. 159, The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities Including an amendment of FASB Statement No. 115 (SFAS No. 159). SFAS No. 159 permits entities to choose to measure many financial instruments and certain other items at fair value that are not currently required to be measured at fair value. Subsequent unrealized gains and losses on items for which the fair value option has been elected will be reported in earnings. The provisions of SFAS No. 159 are effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007. We are evaluating if we will adopt the fair value option of SFAS No. 159 and what impact the adoption will have on our Consolidated Financial Statements if we adopt.
In June 2007, the FASB ratified the Emerging Issues Task Forces (EITF) consensus conclusion on EITF 07-03, Accounting for Advance Payments for Goods or Services to Be Used in Future Research and Development. EITF 07-03 addresses the diversity which exists with respect to the accounting for the non-refundable portion of a payment made by a research and development entity for future research and development activities. Under this conclusion, an entity is required to defer and capitalize non-refundable advance payments made for research and development activities until the related goods are delivered or the related services are performed. EITF 07-03 is effective for interim or annual reporting periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2007 and requires prospective application for new contracts entered into after the effective date. We do not expect the adoption of EITF 07-03 to have a material impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements.
31
Overview
Our Business
We are a leading international publisher of interactive entertainment software products. We have built a company with a diverse portfolio of products that spans a wide range of categories and target markets and that are used on a variety of game hardware platforms and operating systems. We have created, licensed, and acquired a group of highly recognizable brands, which we market to a variety of consumer demographics. Our fiscal 2008 product portfolio includes titles such as Guitar Hero II for the Microsoft Xbox360, Spider-Man 3 The Game (Spider-Man 3), Shrek the Third, TRANSFORMERS: The Game, Enemy Territory: Quake Wars, Call of Duty 4: Modern Warfare, Tony Hawks Proving Ground, Bee Movie Game, Spider-Man: Friend or Foe, and Guitar Hero III.
Our products cover diverse game categories including action/adventure, action sports, racing, role-playing, simulation, first-person action, music-based gaming, and strategy. Our target customer base ranges from casual players to game enthusiasts, children to adults, and mass-market consumers to value buyers. We currently offer our products primarily in versions that operate on the Sony PlayStation 2 (PS2), the Sony PlayStation 3 (PS3), the Nintendo Wii (Wii), and the Microsoft Xbox360 (Xbox360) console systems, the Nintendo Game Boy Advance (GBA), the Nintendo Dual Screen (NDS), and the Sony PlayStation Portable (PSP) hand-held devices, and the personal computer (PC). The installed base for the previous generation of hardware platforms (e.g., PS2, Microsoft Xbox) is significant and the fiscal 2006 release of the Xbox360 and the fiscal 2007 releases of the PS3 and the Wii will further expand the software market. During the third quarter of fiscal 2007, we had a successful and significant presence at the launches of the PS3 and the Wii with three launch titles for the PS3, Call of Duty 3, Marvel: Ultimate Alliance, and Tony Hawks Project 8, and five launch titles for the Wii, Call of Duty 3, Marvel: Ultimate Alliance, World Series of Poker: Tournament of Champions, Rapala Tournament Fishing, and Tony Hawks Downhill Jam. In the first quarter of fiscal 2008, we had strong releases of Guitar Hero II for the Xbox360, and multi platform releases of Spider-Man 3, Shrek the Third, and TRANSFORMERS: The Game in North America. In the second quarter of fiscal 2008, we continued the strong momentum of Guitar Hero II and released Guitar Hero: Rocks the 80s for the PS2. Further, we released TRANSFORMERS: The Game in Europe in the second quarter of fiscal 2008. Our plan is to continue to build on a significant presence on the PS3, Wii, and Xbox360 (the next-generation platforms) by continuing to expand the number of titles released on the next generation and hand-held platforms while continuing to market to the PS2 platform as long as economically attractive given their large installed base.
Our publishing business involves the development, marketing, and sale of products directly, by license, or through our affiliate label program with certain third-party publishers. In North America, we primarily sell our products on a direct basis to mass-market retailers, consumer electronics stores, discount warehouses, and game specialty stores. We conduct our international publishing activities through offices in the United Kingdom (UK), Germany, France, Italy, Spain, the Netherlands, Sweden, Australia, Canada, South Korea, and Japan. Our products are sold internationally on a direct-to-retail basis, through third party distribution and licensing arrangements, and through our wholly owned European distribution subsidiaries. Our distribution business consists of operations located in the UK, the Netherlands, and Germany that provide logistical and sales services to third-party publishers of interactive entertainment software, our own publishing operations, and manufacturers of interactive entertainment hardware.
Our profitability is directly affected by the mix of revenues from our publishing and distribution businesses. Operating margins realized from our publishing business are typically substantially higher than margins realized from our distribution business. Operating margins in our publishing business are affected by our ability to release highly successful or hit titles. Though many of these titles have substantial production or acquisition costs and marketing budgets, once a title recoups these costs, incremental net revenues directly and positively impact our operating margin. Operating margins in our distribution business are affected by the mix of hardware and software sales, with software typically producing higher margins than hardware.
32
Our Focus
With respect to future game development, we will continue to focus on our big propositions, products that are backed by strong brands and high quality development, for which we will provide significant marketing support.
Our fiscal 2008 releases include well-established brands, which are backed by high-profile intellectual property and/or highly anticipated motion picture releases. For example, we have a long-term relationship with Marvel Entertainment, Inc. through an exclusive licensing agreement for the Spider-Man and X-Men franchises through 2017. This agreement grants us the exclusive rights to develop and publish video games based on Marvels comic book and movie franchises; Spider-Man and X-Men. Through September 30, 2007, games based on the Spider-Man and X-Men franchises have generated approximately $1.0 billion in net revenues worldwide. Under this agreement, in the first quarter of fiscal 2007 we released the video game, X-Men: The Official Game coinciding with the theatrical release of X-Men: The Last Stand. In the third quarter of fiscal 2007, we released Marvel: Ultimate Alliance across multiple platforms and Spider-Man: Battle for New York on the NDS and GBA. In the first quarter of fiscal 2008 we released Spider-Man 3 based on Columbia Pictures/Marvel Entertainment, Inc.s feature film Spider-Man 3, which was released in May 2007 through our licensing agreement with Spider-Man Merchandising, LP. Our agreement with Spider-Man Merchandising, LP grants us exclusive worldwide publishing rights to publish entertainment software products based on subsequent Spider-Man movie sequels or new television series through 2017.
We also have an exclusive licensing agreement with professional skateboarder Tony Hawk. The agreement grants us exclusive rights to develop and publish video games through 2015 using Tony Hawks name and likeness. Through September 30, 2007, we have released eight successful titles in the Tony Hawk franchise with cumulative net revenues of $1.2 billion, including the two fiscal 2007 third quarter releases, Tony Hawks Project 8, which was released on the PSP, Xbox360, PS2, and PS3, and Tony Hawks Downhill Jam which was released on the Wii, NDS, and GBA. According to the NPD Group, which is a provider of consumer and retail market research information for a wide range of industries, for the eighth consecutive year in 2007 the Tony Hawk franchise had a top 10 best-selling game in the U.S. for the month of December. We will continue to build on the highly successful Tony Hawk franchise with the third quarter fiscal 2008 release of Tony Hawks Proving Ground.
We have continued our focus on establishing and maintaining relationships with talented and experienced software development and publishing teams. In June 2006, we acquired RedOctane, Inc. (RedOctane), the publisher of the popular Guitar Hero franchise. In the third quarter of fiscal 2007, we released Guitar Hero II on the PS2, which according to the NPD Group was the #1 game in dollars for the U.S. for the month of December and the #2 game overall for the third quarter of fiscal 2007. In the first quarter of fiscal 2008 we released Guitar Hero II for the Xbox360. Additionally, further strengthening the Guitar Hero franchise, in the second quarter of fiscal 2008, we released our first expansion pack, Guitar Hero: Rocks the 80s on the PS2. We plan on continuing to build on this franchise by investing in future development of Guitar Hero titles across a variety of platforms. In September 2007, we acquired U.K.-based video game developer Bizarre Creations, a leader in the racing category. With more than 10 years experience in the racing genre, Bizarre Creations was the developer of the innovative multi-million unit selling franchise, Project Gotham Racing, a critically-acclaimed series for the Xbox and Xbox360. Bizarre Creations and its games have won numerous industry awards including: Best Racing Game for Project Gotham Racing 2 from the prestigious British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA); the Industry Grand Prix Award from Develop; MCVs UK Development Team 2006 award; Best Racing/Driving Game from IGN; Game of the Year from OXM and Gamespy for Project Gotham Racing 3; and IGNs Best XBLA Game for Geometry Wars: Retro Evolved. Bizarre Creations will play role in our growth strategy as we develop intellectual property for the racing segment, expand our development capability and capacity for other genres and utilize Bizarre Creations proprietary development technology. We also have development agreements with other top-level, third-party developers such as id Software, Inc., Splash Damage, Ltd., and Next Level Games.
We will also continue to evaluate and exploit emerging brands that we believe have potential to become successful game franchises. For example, we have a multi-year, multi-property, publishing agreement
33
with DreamWorks Animation LLC that granted us the exclusive rights to publish video games based on DreamWorks Animation SKGs theatrical release Shrek 2, which was released in the first quarter of fiscal 2005, Shark Tale, which was released in the second quarter of fiscal 2005, Madagascar, which was released in the first quarter of fiscal 2006, Over the Hedge, which was released in the first quarter of fiscal 2007, Shrek the Third which was released in the first quarter of fiscal 2008, and all of their respective sequels. In addition, our multi-year agreement with DreamWorks Animation LLC also grants us the exclusive video game rights to the recently released The Bee Movie and three upcoming feature films, including Kung Fu Panda, Monsters vs Aliens as well as potential future films in the Shrek franchise beyond Shrek the Third.
Additionally, we have a strategic alliance with Harrahs Entertainment, Inc. that grants us the exclusive, worldwide interactive rights to develop and publish World Series of Poker video games based on the popular World Series of Poker Tournament. In the second quarter of fiscal 2006, we released our first title under this alliance, World Series of Poker, which became the number one poker title of calendar 2005. Further building on this franchise, in the second quarter of fiscal 2007, we released our second title under this alliance, World Series of Poker: Tournament of Champions. Further, we released our third title under this alliance, World Series of Poker: Battle for the Bracelet in the second quarter of fiscal 2008.
We also continue to build on our portfolio of licensed intellectual property. In February 2006, we signed an agreement with Hasbro Properties Group granting us the exclusive global rights (excluding Japan) to develop console, hand-held, and PC games based on Hasbros Transformers brand. We had a strong initial release of our first game in late June 2007 concurrently with the early July 2007 movie release of the live action Transformers film from DreamWorks Pictures and Paramount Pictures. In April 2006, we signed an agreement with MGM Interactive and EON Productions Ltd. granting us the exclusive rights to develop and publish interactive entertainment games based on the James Bond license through 2014. In April 2006, we signed a multi-year agreement with Mattel, Inc. which grants us the exclusive worldwide distribution rights for the catalog of video games based on Mattel, Inc.s Barbie brand on all platforms. In the third quarter of fiscal 2007, we distributed six Barbie titles: Barbie in the 12 Dancing Princesses, The Barbie Diaries: High School Mystery, Barbie Fashion Show, Barbie Horse Adventures: Mystery Ride, Barbie and the Magic of Pegasus, and Barbie as the Princess and the Pauper. Based on the success of this distribution, we signed multi-year license agreements with Mattel, Inc. in January 2007 which grant us the exclusive worldwide rights to develop and publish new video games based on Mattel Inc.s Barbie and Hot Wheels brands on all platforms. In the second quarter of fiscal 2008, we released Hot Wheels: Beat That!. In September 2006, we entered into a distribution agreement with MTV Networks Kids and Family Groups Nickelodeon, a division of Viacom Inc., to be the exclusive distributor of three new Nick Jr. PC CD-ROM titles, published by Nickelodeon and based on the top preschool series on commercial television, Dora The Explorer, The Backyardigans, and Go, Diego, Go!.
We are utilizing these developer relationships, new intellectual property acquisitions, new original intellectual property creations, and our existing library of intellectual property to further focus our game development on product lines that will deliver significant, lasting, and recurring revenues and operating profits.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
We have identified the policies below as critical to our business operations and the understanding of our financial results. The impact and any associated risks related to these policies on our business operations is discussed throughout Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations where such policies affect our reported and expected financial results. For a detailed discussion on the application of these and other accounting policies, see Note 1 to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 1. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Revenue Recognition. We recognize revenue from the sale of our products upon the transfer of title and risk of loss to our customers, and once any performance obligations have been completed. Certain products are sold to customers with a street date (the earliest date these products may be sold by retailers). For these products we recognize revenue on the later of the street date or the sale date. Revenue from product sales is
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recognized after deducting the estimated allowance for returns and price protection. With respect to license agreements that provide customers the right to make multiple copies in exchange for guaranteed amounts, revenue is recognized upon delivery of a master copy. Per copy royalties on sales that exceed the guarantee are recognized as earned.
Some of our software products provide limited online features at no additional cost to the consumer. Generally, we consider such features to be incidental to the overall product offering and an inconsequential deliverable. Accordingly, we do not defer any revenue related to products containing these limited online features. In instances where online features or additional functionality is considered a substantive deliverable in addition to the software product, the company contemplates such when determining the appropriate revenue recognition. This evaluation is performed for each software product when it is released. We determined that one of our software titles released this quarter, Enemy Territory: Quake Wars (which is primarily an online multiplayer PC game), contains online functionality that constitutes a more-than-inconsequential separate service deliverable in addition to the product, principally because of its importance to game play. As such, our performance obligations for this title extend beyond the sale of the game, which is unique compared to other prior titles. Vendor-specific objective evidence of fair value (VSOE) does not exist for the online functionality, as we do not separately charge for this component of the title. As a result, we are recognizing all of the revenue from the sale of this title ratably over an estimated service period, which is estimated to be six months beginning the month after shipment. In addition, we are deferring the costs of sales for this title. Cost of sales includes: manufacturing costs, software royalties and amortization, and intellectual property licenses. Overall, online play functionality is still an emerging area for us. As we move forward, we will monitor this developing functionality and its significance for our products. Our assessment of our obligations with respect to this functionality and the resulting accounting may change in the future.
With respect to online transactions, such as electronic downloads of titles or product add-ons, revenue is recognized when the fee is paid by the online customer to purchase online content and we are notified by the online retailer that the product has been downloaded. In addition, in order to recognize revenue for both product sales and licensing transactions, persuasive evidence of an arrangement must exist and collection of the related receivable must be probable.
Sales incentives or other consideration given by us to our customers is accounted for in accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards Boards Emerging Issues Task Force (EITF) Issue 01-9, Accounting for Consideration Given by a Vendor to a Customer (Including a Reseller of the Vendors Products). In accordance with EITF Issue 01-9, sales incentives and other consideration that are considered adjustments of the selling price of our products, such as rebates and product placement fees, are reflected as reductions of revenue. Sales incentives and other consideration that represent costs incurred by us for assets or services received, such as the appearance of our products in a customers national circular ad, are reflected as sales and marketing expenses.
Allowances for Returns, Price Protection, Doubtful Accounts, and Inventory Obsolescence. In determining the appropriate unit shipments to our customers, we benchmark our titles using historical and industry data. We closely monitor and analyze the historical performance of our various titles, the performance of products released by other publishers and the anticipated timing of other releases in order to assess future demands of current and upcoming titles. Initial volumes shipped upon title launch and subsequent reorders are evaluated to ensure that quantities are sufficient to meet the demands from the retail markets but at the same time, are controlled to prevent excess inventory in the channel.
We may permit product returns from, or grant price protection to, our customers under certain conditions. In general, price protection refers to the circumstances when we elect to decrease the wholesale price of a product by a certain amount and, when granted and applicable, allows customers a credit against amounts owed by such customers to us with respect to open and/or future invoices. The conditions our customers must meet to be granted the right to return products or price protection are, among other things, compliance with applicable payment terms, and consistent delivery to us of inventory and sell-through reports. We may also consider other factors, including the facilitation of slow-moving inventory and other market factors. Management must make estimates of potential future product returns and price protection related to current period product revenue. We estimate
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the amount of future returns and price protection for current period product revenue utilizing historical experience and information regarding inventory levels and the demand and acceptance of our products by the end consumer. The following factors are used to estimate the amount of future returns and price protection for a particular title: historical performance of titles in similar genres, historical performance of the hardware platform, historical performance of the brand, console hardware life cycle, Activision sales force and retail customer feedback, industry pricing, weeks of on-hand retail channel inventory, absolute quantity of on-hand retail channel inventory, our warehouse on-hand inventory levels, the titles recent sell-through history (if available), marketing trade programs, and competing titles. The relative importance of these factors varies among titles depending upon, among other items, genre, platform, seasonality, and sales strategy. Significant management judgments and estimates must be made and used in connection with establishing the allowance for returns and price protection in any accounting period. Based upon historical experience we believe our estimates are reasonable. However, actual returns and price protection could vary materially from our allowance estimates due to a number of reasons including, among others, a lack of consumer acceptance of a title, the release in the same period of a similarly themed title by a competitor, or technological obsolescence due to the emergence of new hardware platforms. Material differences may result in the amount and timing of our revenue for any period if factors or market conditions change or if management makes different judgments or utilizes different estimates in determining the allowances for returns and price protection. For example, a 1% change in our September 30, 2007 allowance for returns and price protection would impact net revenues by $1.0 million.
Similarly, management must make estimates of the uncollectibility of our accounts receivable. In estimating the allowance for doubtful accounts, we analyze the age of current outstanding account balances, historical bad debts, customer concentrations, customer creditworthiness, current economic trends, and changes in our customers payment terms and their economic condition, as well as whether we can obtain sufficient credit insurance. Any significant changes in any of these criteria would affect managements estimates in establishing our allowance for doubtful accounts.
We value inventory at the lower of cost or market. We regularly review inventory quantities on hand and in the retail channel and record a provision for excess or obsolete inventory based on the future expected demand for our products. Significant changes in demand for our products would impact managements estimates in establishing our inventory provision.
Software Development Costs. Software development costs include payments made to independent software developers under development agreements, as well as direct costs incurred for internally developed products.
We account for software development costs in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standard (SFAS) No. 86, Accounting for the Costs of Computer Software to Be Sold, Leased, or Otherwise Marketed. Software development costs are capitalized once the technological feasibility of a product is established and such costs are determined to be recoverable. Technological feasibility of a product encompasses both technical design documentation and game design documentation. For products where proven technology exists, this may occur early in the development cycle. Technological feasibility is evaluated on a product-by-product basis. Prior to a products release, we expense, as part of cost of sales software royalties and amortization, capitalized costs when we believe such amounts are not recoverable. Capitalized costs for those products that are cancelled or abandoned are charged to product development expense in the period of cancellation. Amounts related to software development which are not capitalized are charged immediately to product development expense. We evaluate the future recoverability of capitalized amounts on a quarterly basis. The recoverability of capitalized software development costs is evaluated based on the expected performance of the specific products for which the costs relate. Criteria used to evaluate expected product performance include: historical performance of comparable products using comparable technology; orders for the product prior to its release; and estimated performance of a sequel product based on the performance of the product on which the sequel is based.
Commencing upon product release, capitalized software development costs are amortized to cost of sales software royalties and amortization based on the ratio of current revenues to total projected revenues, generally resulting in an amortization period of six months or less. For products that have been released in prior
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periods, we evaluate the future recoverability of capitalized amounts on a quarterly basis. The primary evaluation criterion is actual title performance.
Significant management judgments and estimates are utilized in the assessment of when technological feasibility is established, as well as in the ongoing assessment of the recoverability of capitalized costs. In evaluating the recoverability of capitalized costs, the assessment of expected product performance utilizes forecasted sales amounts and estimates of additional costs to be incurred. If revised forecasted or actual product sales are less than, and/or revised forecasted or actual costs are greater than, the original forecasted amounts utilized in the initial recoverability analysis, the net realizable value may be lower than originally estimated in any given quarter, which could result in an impairment charge.
Intellectual Property Licenses. Intellectual property license costs represent license fees paid to intellectual property rights holders for use of their trademarks, copyrights, software, technology, or other intellectual property or proprietary rights in the development of our products. Depending upon the agreement with the rights holder, we may obtain the rights to use acquired intellectual property in multiple products over multiple years, or alternatively, for a single product.
We evaluate the future recoverability of capitalized intellectual property licenses on a quarterly basis. The recoverability of capitalized intellectual property license costs is evaluated based on the expected performance of the specific products in which the licensed trademark or copyright is to be used. As many of our intellectual property licenses extend for multiple products over multiple years, we also assess the recoverability of capitalized intellectual property license costs based on certain qualitative factors such as the success of other products and/or entertainment vehicles utilizing the intellectual property, whether there are any future planned theatrical releases or television series based on the intellectual property, and the rights holders continued promotion and exploitation of the intellectual property. Prior to the related products release, we expense, as part of cost of sales intellectual property licenses, capitalized intellectual property costs when we believe such amounts are not recoverable. Capitalized intellectual property costs for those products that are cancelled or abandoned are charged to product development expense in the period of cancellation. Criteria used to evaluate expected product performance include: historical performance of comparable products using comparable technology; orders for the product prior to its release; and estimated performance of a sequel product based on the performance of the product on which the sequel is based.
Commencing upon the related products release, capitalized intellectual property license costs are amortized to cost of sales intellectual property licenses based on the ratio of current revenues for the specific product to total projected revenues for all products in which the licensed property will be utilized. As intellectual property license contracts may extend for multiple years, the amortization of capitalized intellectual property license costs relating to such contracts may extend beyond one year. For intellectual property included in products that have been released, we evaluate the future recoverability of capitalized amounts on a quarterly basis. The primary evaluation criterion is actual title performance.
Significant management judgments and estimates are utilized in the assessment of the recoverability of capitalized costs. In evaluating the recoverability of capitalized costs, the assessment of expected product performance utilizes forecasted sales amounts and estimates of additional costs to be incurred. If revised forecasted or actual product sales are less than, and/or revised forecasted or actual costs are greater than, the original forecasted amounts utilized in the initial recoverability analysis, the net realizable value may be lower than originally estimated in any given quarter, which could result in an impairment charge. Additionally, as noted above, as many of our intellectual property licenses extend for multiple products over multiple years, we also assess the recoverability of capitalized intellectual property license costs based on certain qualitative factors such as the success of other products and/or entertainment vehicles utilizing the intellectual property, whether there are any future planned theatrical releases or television series based on the intellectual property and the rights holders continued promotion and exploitation of the intellectual property. Material differences may result in the amount and timing of charges for any period if management makes different judgments or utilizes different estimates in evaluating these qualitative factors.
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Stock-based Compensation Expense
On April 1, 2006, we adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123 (revised 2004), Share-Based Payment, (SFAS No. 123R) which requires the measurement and recognition of compensation expense for all share-based payment awards made to our employees and directors including employee stock options and employee stock purchases related to the Employee Stock Purchase Plan based on estimated fair values. Stock-based compensation expense recognized under SFAS No. 123R for the three and six months ended September 30, 2007 was $6.9 million and $15.0 million, respectively and for the three and six months ended September 30, 2006 was $4.9 million and $10.7 million, respectively. See Note 13 to the consolidated financial statements for additional information.
The Company estimates the value of employee stock options on the date of grant using a binomial-lattice model. The fair value of a share-based payment as of the grant date estimated by an option pricing model depends upon our future stock price as well as assumptions concerning expected volatility, risk-free interest rate, and risk-adjusted stock return, as well as measures of employees forfeiture, exercise, and post-vesting termination behavior. Statistical methods were used to estimate employee type specific termination rates. These termination rates, in turn, were used to model the number of options that are expected to vest and post-vesting termination behavior. Employee type specific estimates of Expected Time-To-Exercise (ETTE) were used to reflect employee exercise behavior. ETTE was estimated by using statistical procedures to first estimate the conditional probability of exercise occurring during each time period, conditional on the option surviving to that time period. These probabilities were then used to estimate ETTE. The model was calibrated by adjusting parameters controlling exercise and post-vesting termination behavior so that the measures output by the model matched values of these measures that were estimated from historical data. The weighted-average estimated value of employee stock options granted during the three months ended September 30, 2007 was $8.16 per share using the binomial-lattice model with the following weighted-average assumptions:
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